雅思写作分类词汇
Education 类词汇
培养（某种素质）cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts) 促进学生身心发展 promote the student‘s physical, mental ( 或者用intellectual) and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundne/ well-being/ welfare(nouns)
学习能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent 学习能力
（ 后天学习到的） ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育（ 名词）schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing(noun)
给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者 motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths
传授知识 impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念 instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感 stimulate the students; thought 或者 give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式（名词）parenting/upbringing 教学法 teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology
适应（动词）adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力 adaptability
就业技能employable/ marketable skill 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握 students‘ grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 限制创造力的发展 extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun)
打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students‘ enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue preure
塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt) one‘s character
责任感 a sense of obligation
学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器 student should not be treated as paive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背 learn thing by rote.
记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns)
应用apply (vt)
盲从 follow something blindly/ indiscriminately（adv）
用填压式教学教育学生 force-feed(vt) the students
来自于其他同学的压力 peer preure
独立思考： think independently(adv) 逆境 adverse circumstances /
团队精神 team spirit(noun) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding
鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈 students‘ feedback 或者students‘ input
学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers‘ performance 课外活动 extra-curricular activity
学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生 disruptive/ unruly students 通才 generalist
专才 specialist
全面发展的well-rounded /versatile
理论知识theoretical knowledge
为社会健康发展做贡献 contribute to societal well-being/welfare (注意这里welfare 不是―福利‖的意思) 人文学科（文学、历史、语言学等）humanities
社会科学（政治、经济、社会学等）social sciences 艺术（音乐、雕塑等）arts
文科的总称
liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科（物理、化学、生物等）sciences
工科（工程，自动化等）engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline
基础科学basic sciences
应用科学applied sciences
小学教育primary-level education
中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-leveleducation
职业教育 vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/youths Technology & media 词汇
尖端的技术 cutting-edged(adj) technology
信息爆炸 information explosion/information overload 信息时代 the information age/ the information era 无联网被广泛的使用 the proliferation of the Internet
科技创新及发展 technological innovations/inventions/ advances/ progreions (nouns) 提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)efficiency
提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) productivity 减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery
自动化 automation (noun)/ automated(adj) 生物技术 biotechnology
克隆cloning (noun) clone (verb)
远程通讯telecommunications(noun)
太空探索（名词） space exploration 人的基因构成 one‘s genetic makeup/ one‘s DNA programming
实事current affairs
新闻界 the pre
印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志） the print media
报道新闻的机构 news outlets
电子媒体 the electronic media
无处不在的 prevalent/ubiquitous/ pervasive 审查 censor
删除 delete/eliminate/ excise(vts) 过多的暴力与色情内容exceive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 有误导性的 misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted
诈骗性的 fraudulent
虚假的false/ bogus
报道非常详细的细节 report something in graphic detail 媒体炒作 media hype
夸大事实 exaggerate things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法，但作文也可用) 客观公正的 objective and balanced
揭露 expose/reveal 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone ‗ s privacy 毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one‘s reputation 名人 a celebrity/ celebrities(plural)
丑闻 scandals
掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover up/glo over/whitewash 不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective
如实描写 factual accounts
可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable
及时的 up-to-date/ up-to –the-minute （后者比前者更及时）信息量大的 informative
娱乐性强的 entertaining
有新闻价值 newsworthy
道德准则 code of ethic 或者code of conduct Tourism 类词汇
旅游景点 tourist attraction/ spots/ places of interest
开阔眼界 broaden one‘s horizon 游客与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals
促进文化交流 promote cultural communication
亲身体验（名词）first-hand experience(noun) 吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to (vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 多种感观体验的（如听觉、触觉等） multi-sensory(adj)
冲突 conflict(noun, vi+with)
争端 discord/ diension 把游客和当地人隔绝 seclude / isolate(vts) the tourists from the locals
商业化commercialize/ commodify（vts）
欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps 间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网，名词）second-hand experience/ vicarious experience
文化遗产cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时The Internet will not render tourism Government 类词汇
当局 authorities
老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry(全体公民，不可数)
规范，管理regulate/ administer/ oversee(vts)
实施implement
立法 legislate/make laws
严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether
严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation
监督scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt) 为…拨款 allocate money to subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/finance(vt)/ fund(vt) dedicate money to something
预算budget
税收tax revenue
削减curtail 政府在某方面的开支 the government spending/ expenditure on something
增加augment
责任obligation/ responsibility 当务之急 priority
把…当成当务之急 give priority to something. 军备竞赛 arms race
自卫 self-defense
国土安全 national security/ homeland security
缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy 扩张 expansion/ aggreion
谋求霸权 seek/pursue(vts) hegemony 恶性循环 a vicious circle
地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factor 规章制度 rules and regulations
太空竞赛 space race
武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments
下岗工人 lay-off workers/downsize workers
失业 unemployment/ joblene
基础设施infrastructure—比如public transport system 公共交通系统，power grid
电网pipelines
给排水系统等water supply and drainage system
民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progreive government Animals 类词汇
动物权益保护主义者 animal rights activists
医学研究 medical research 残忍的cruel/mercile/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal
活体解剖 vivisection
麻醉anaesthetic
减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate/ ease animals‘ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are companions of their masters
偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun) 给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort
某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacement/ substitutes/ alternatives (单数则去掉s) for something.Language & Culture 必备词汇
一种可以通用的语言（比如英语） a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English
英语的统治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡 Leer-known language will become extinct/obsolete 小语种的消亡 the extinction/ demise of leer-known languages 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种，有形的入历史遗迹，无形的入风俗，仪式，传统道德观念等
Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.保护 preserve
祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词)
少数民族 ethnic minorities 民族团结 the harmony between ethnic group/ race
文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis 相互影响 interaction
文化多元性 cultural diversity 狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality
丰富 enrich 贬低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/discredit 某事不是一成不变的 something is not set/carved in stone Development类常用词汇
生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated
疲劳 fatigue 导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people
交通堵塞 traffic 过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/money-worshipping
扶贫poverty alleviation 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词)
阻碍impede/ hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)
富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off 就业机会 job opportunity/employment opportunity 贫穷的needy/ poverty-stricken/ deprived/destitute
撞车car wrecks/ car accidents
行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators
特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic values (注意审美观的英文说法是 aesthetic values 复数) 有历史特殊意义的老房子 buildings of historic significance
民居 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape
摩天楼skyscrapers 破旧的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated
搬迁 relocate(vi,vt) 拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building
城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside
城市化 urbanization
城市的 urban
乡村的 rural
在家上班（动词） telecommute
休闲leisure/recreation
精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment
娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理laiez-faire management
雇用 recruit 运营成本 operating costs/overhead costs
会导致效率降低的counterproductive 劳动力资源 labor pool
抑郁症 depreion
失眠 sleeplene/sleep-deprivation/insomnia
爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ ostentatious 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom
营养过剩 over nourishment 控制人口birth control/family planning
缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle Environment 类常用词汇
生态平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium
节约使用 conserve(vt) 可持续发展 sustainable development
再利用（ 动词）reuse/recycle 环保主义者 environmentalists/ conservationists
保护preserve 对环境无害的environmentally-friendly
污染pollute/ contaminate 必须携手解决环境问题： must make a concerted effort resolve/addre environmental problems.
破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural resources
短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 增强公众关于…的意识 raise the public awarene of something
毒的 poisonous/ toxic 给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resource
增加农产品产量 boost crop yield
可再生资源 renewable resource
不可再生资源non-renewable resource(金属metal, 矿产 minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然气natural gas, 煤coal 等， 后三种可以总称为foil fuels)
消耗（ 某种资源）consume/deplete 用尽 use up/ exhaust
严厉的措施 harsh action/ measures 生态系统 ecosystem/ ecological system
生物多样性 biodiversity 某一地区所有的生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota(=flora + fauna) of a region 污水effluent/sewage
排放discharge
温室效应 greenhouse effect /global warming
严重的severe /grave
白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone(vts) something
臭氧层ozone layer
耕地 arable land/ farmland 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil
贫瘠的土壤infertile soil Crime 类常用词汇
触犯法律 break/ violate/ flout/ disobey the law
犯罪 commit a crime
罪行offences/crimes/ criminal acts
罪犯 criminal/ offender/ perpetrator 从犯 accomplice /acceory (noun)
囚犯 inmate/convicts 憎恨社会 resent society/ hold a grudge against society
牢房cell 受害者 victim
心理创伤 trauma 被绳之以法be brought to justice
监禁 imprison
宽容的 lenient
执法部门 law enforcement 改造罪犯 reform/ rehabilitate criminals agencies
重罪 heinous crime/ flagitious crime/ felony
轻罪 petty crime /misdemeanor
初犯的人 first-time offender
惯犯 hardened criminals/ repeat criminals
再次犯罪revert to crime
守法的公民 law-abiding citizens
遵守法律 abide by/ comply with the law
无视… disregard
给某人造成心理创伤 traumatize someone
抓捕 track down/ hunt down/ capture 犯罪倾向 criminal tendency Globalization 类常用词汇
(一个国家或者地区的)文化特性 （national or regional） cultural identity
全球文化同一化过程（名词，即地区文化特征的消失）global cultural homogenization 文化同一性（或者叫文化均质性，名词）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword.
Women & Family 类常用词汇
两性平等 gender equality
性别歧视 sexism/ gender discrimination 一个开明的社会a progreive/ enlightened society 被家务事拖累 be tied down by household chores 生育孩子 child bearing(noun)
抚养孩子 child rearing (noun) 母性的本能 maternal instinct
家务 housework / household chores 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens
家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/ family ties
归属感 a sense of belonging
对…的依恋 an attachment to an affinity for something 贫穷的家庭 deprived families
富裕的家庭 affluent families 单亲家庭 single-parent household
虐待 mistreat/ abuse
家庭暴力 domestic violence
毒品上瘾 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs
