动词惯用法
使用动词时，要遵循它们特定的句型，不能随心所欲，我们这里仅讨论测试中最常见的几种句型。 1．动词+不定式
误：He managed getting that book． 正：to get 有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词，常见的这类词有：afford，agree，arrange，ask，attempt，appear，apply，beg，bother，challenge，choose，claim，command，care，deign，dare，decide，decline，demand，desire，determine，expect，eay，endeavour，fail，guaran-tee，get（对„逐渐），hope，help，hesitate，incline，intend，know，long（渴望），learn，mean，manage，offer，plan，pretend，promise，prepare，pledge，proceed，profe（声称），presume（竟敢），refuse，resolve，seek，swear，strive，scheme，seem，threaten，trouble，tend，undertake，volunteer，venture，vow，want，wish等。
a．He volunteered to get some information．
b．Allen applied to be transferred to another department．
know后的不定式必须是带连接副词或连接代词的，如 how to，what to，who to，但不能接why to。
a．He knows how to drive a bus． b．I don\'t know why we should do it． 2．动词+动名词
误：I advise to wait till 9． 正：waiting 英语中有些动词或动词词组只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式，常见的有：admit，advise，acknowledge，advocate，anticipate，avoid，adore，appreciate，bar，cannot help，can\'t resist（禁不住），can\'t stand，complete，confirm，consider，contemplate，confe，defer，delay，deny，detect，detest，discourage，discontinue，dislike，doubt，enjoy，envisage，escape，evade，excuse，facilite，fancy，favour，feel like，finish，forbid，forgive，give up，grudge，hinder，hold off，involve，imagine，incur，keep（on），leave off，loathe，look like，mind，mi，mention，neceitate，prohibit，put off，postpone，practise，permit，prevent，quit，pardon，recall，recollect，remain，report，require，resent，recommand，resist，resume，risk，relish，shirk，stop，suggest，shun，save，urge，visualise等。
a．Who suggest doing it this way？ b．The old worker has left off working． c．Nor do we doubt being able to finish the work on time． 3．动词+不定式/动名词
英语中有些动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词。
（1）两种结构意义差别不大。 a．He declined to go there． b．He declined going there． 有些动词在接动名词或不定式时，意义差别不是很大，常见的这类动词有：begin，bear，cease，continue，commence，decline，delay，dread，deserve，endure，hate，intend，loathe，like，love，neglect，omit，propose，prefer，purpose，start，scorn等。
a．Don\'t neglect to lock/locking the door，when you leave． b．He omitted to read/reading the second page．
①如果start，begin，commence，cease等表示有意识地开始或停止的事情，多接动名词，否则多接不定式。
②如果like，love，hate，loathe表示一般倾向，后面多接动名词。如果指某一具体行为，则其后接不定式更多一些。如果love和like前有would或should，则其后只可接不定式。
误：I\'d like hearing others\'views． 正：to hear ③要注意prefer后接动名词和不定式时的搭配。
a．They prefer walking to taking a bus． b．They prefer to walk rather than take a bus． ④decline，delay，dread后接动名词更常见一些。另外，bear意为“合适”时，其后只可接动名词。
误：His language won\'t bear to be repeated．
正：bear repeating （2）两种结构意义不一样。
英语中有些动词可接动名词，也可接不定式，但两种结构的意义不一样。常用的这类动词有：mean，try，regret，stop，forget，remem-ber，need，wait等等。 ①mean a．I have meant to leave on Monday． 我打算周一离开。
b．Miing the train means waiting an hour．
赶不上那辆火车就意味着要等一小时。 mean to do sth．意为“打算做„„”；mean doing sth．意为“意味着”。 ②try a．You must try to improve your work． 你应努力改进工作。
b．Why not try doing the experiment in some other way？
为什么不试用别的方法做这实验？ try to do sth．意为“设法做、努力做”，try doing sth．意为“试着„”。 ③regret a．I regret to say that we can\'t stay here any longer．
很抱歉我们不能再在这儿呆了。 b．I regret making/having made such a mistake．
我后悔犯了这样一个粗心的错误。 regret to do sth．意为“对„感到抱歉（事情没有发生）”；regret do-ing sth．意为“对„感到后悔（事情已经发生）”。 ④stop a．When I arrived，he stopped to talk with me．
当我到达时，他停下（手中的活）和我说话。
b．Stop talking！it\'s time for cla．别说话，该上课了。
stop to do sth．意为“停下来（指别的事），开始做某事”； stop doing sth．意为“停止做某事。 ⑤forget a．Don\'t forget to bring your notebook next time．
下次别忘了带笔记本。 b．I will never forget finding the rare old coin in my garden．
我永远也不会忘记我曾在花园发现过一枚希罕的古钱币。
forget to do sth．意为“忘记做某事（事情还没有发生）”；I forget doing sth．意为“忘记做某事这一情况（指做的事已发生）”。 ⑥remember a．Please remember to post my leter．请记住给我发信。
b．I remember seeing/having seen him somewhere．
我记得曾经看见过他。
remember to do sth．意为“记得做某事（事情还没有发生）”； re-member doing sth．意为“记得做过某事（事情已经发生）”。 ⑦need a．I need to get away and rest up a little．
我需要离开这儿，好好休息一下。 b．The floor needs mopping/to be mopped．地板需要擦。
need to do sth．意为“必须做某事”； need doing sth．意为“需要”。 ⑧want a．I don\'t want to go there．我不想去那里。
b．Your English wants brushing up/to be brushed up．
你的英语需要复习一下。
want to do sth．意为“想做什么”； want doing sth．意为“需要做什么”。 ⑨go on doing，go on to do a．How long do you intend to go on paying those blooky records？
b．He welcomd the new stdents and then went on to explain the col-lege regulations．
c．For half an hour I went on reading Leon Six．
d．At half past three I went on to read Leon Six．
go on to do sth．表示“做完了某事，继续做另一件事”； go on doing sth．意为“某事还没有做完，继续做该事”。 go on to read Leon Ten 即表示已续读完了第九节课（或别的动作），进而读第十课；而 go on reading Leon Ten即表示第十课还没有读完，要继续读。一般go on to do sth．结构经常指一个时刻的动作，而 go on doing sth．结构常指一段时间的动作。 go on with sth．短语，既可指一时刻的动作，也可指一段时间内的动作。 a．After a little pause，he went on with his speech．
b．He went on with his speech for half an hour．
⑩begin，start，cease， a．After he had collected the material，he began writing．
b．After a week，he began to enjoy his study．
c．The buses ceased runing． d．He ceased to breathe．
在动词begin，start，cease之后，用动名词表示有意识的动作，用不定式则表示无意识的无法控制的动作。上述三个动词如果用understand，realize等动词作宾语时，不能用动名词形式，只能用不定式。我们只能说：He began to realize he had made a mistake． (11)hear，see，feel等感官动词 a．I saw him working in the garden yesterday．
我看见他昨天在花园里干活。
b．I saw him to work in the garden yesterday．
我见他昨天在花园里干过活
在感官动词see，hear，feel，watch，notice等之后，既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，用动名词作宾语时我们的注意力是集中到动作进行的过程之中的，强调过程，而用不定式则把我们的注意力集中到动作完成的事实。
a．We heard the girl singing in the hall．
b．We heard the girl to sing in the garden． a）stop后接不定式作目的状语，不是宾语，另外halt和pause后接的不定式都是状语，其后不可接动名词，因为它们是不及物动词。如
a．She halted to speak to him．她停下来（以便）和他说话。
b．He paused to have a rest．他停下来（以便）休息一下。
b）人作主语时，want和need后面常接主动的不定式，很少用动名词。物作主语时，其后既可接动名词，也可接不定式。 c）在动词need，want，require，deserve，bear，stand等之后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动结构。
a．His coat needs cleaning/to be cleaned．
b．His house wants painiting/to be painted． c．The old woman requires looking after/to be looked after．
d）在形容词afraid，certain，sure，sorry等之后，既可接动名词也可接不定式，两者含义不相同。
a．We are never afraid to do such things．
我们从不怕做这样的事情。
b．We are afraid of being late．我们担心（恐怕）迟到。
c．We are certain to be victorious．我们一定会胜利。 4．动词+双宾语
（1）有些动词接双宾语，其间接宾语多数都可换为由介词to引起的短语，意思上没有什么差别，常见的有：allow，accord，award，aign，bring，deny，ensure，forbid，give，grant，hand，lend，leave，offer，owe，promise，pa，provide，quote，return，refuse，recommend，render，show，surrender，throw，teach，wish等。 a．The government granted him a loan． The government granted a loan to him． b．They award John the first prize． They award the first prize to John． ask的间接宾语不可换为由to引起的短语，必须换为由of引起的短语。另外，write，send，tell，pay，read等的间接宾语也可换为由for引起的短语，但它同由to引起的短语意思不同。
a．I\'d like to ask you a favour． b．I\'d like to ask a favour of you． c．I wrote a letter to him．我给他写了封信。
d．I wrote a letter for him．我代他写了封信。 （2）有些动词接双宾语，其间接宾语可换为由for引起的短语，意思不变，常见的这类动词有：build，buy，cook，choose，draw，do（给予），fetch，fix，find，fill，set，make，order（定购），paint，prepare，spare，save，get，sing，pardon等。 a．She cooked her husband a delicious meal．
She cooked a delicious meal for her husband．
b．Please do me a favour． Please do a tovour for me． c．Let me fix you a drink． Let me fix a drink for you． d．Please fill me a gla of beer． Please fill a gla of beer for me． 5．动词+宾语 英语中有些动词只可接一个宾语。 误：He informed her his new addre． 正：in formed her of 英语中有些动词常因其中文含义而被误用，要注意其后介词 1）acquaint 误：The teacher did much to acquaint us the problem．
正：acquaint us with the problem acquaint是及物动词，意为“使认识、使了解、通知”。acquaintoneself with/of（开始知道），acquaint sb．with/of/that„（把„通知某人），get acquainted with（开始认识某人、开始了解某事），make sb．acquainted with（把„告知某人、使某人认识„）。
a．I acquaint myself with the fact． b．He acquainted me with the meeting． c．He acquainted me that the meeting was put off． （2）convince 误：We failed to convince him his mistake．
正：convince him of convince是及物动词，意为“a．使确信、使信服； b．使认识错误或罪行”，常和介同of连用，或接that从句。
a．This convinced me of his honesty． b．This convinced me that he was honest．
c．He was convinced of his error． （3）explain 误：The teacher explain us the reason． 正：explain the reason to us explain用作及物动词，意为“解释、说明”，只可接一个宾语，如explain a difficult problem，explain the Party\'s policy。 explain oneself意为“说明自己的意思或动机、为自己的行为辩解”。 a．Will you please explain this point to us？
b．He explained why he was late． c．Can you explain such conduct？ d．That explains his hesitation． （4）favour 误：Please favour me an early reply． 正：favour me with favour是及物动词，意为“a．赐与、给与；b．有利于、有助于；c．喜爱、赞成、偏爱”。by favour of/favoured by（烦请„面交），find favour with sb．/in sb．\'s eyes（得宠于某人、受某人青睐），in favour of（a．赞同、支持„：be in favour of sb．\'s suggestion；b．有利于„：The score was 2 to 1 in favour of the guest team．c．签票据以„为受款人：draw a cheque in favour of sb．）。in sb．\'s favour（a．得某人欢心；b．对某人有利：The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour．），out of favour（with）（失宠于„、不受„的欢迎）。
a．Kindly favour us with an early reply．
b．We favour your proposal． c．The weather favoured the harvesting．
d．A mother should not favour any of her children． （5）inform 误：I will inform you my answer． 正：inform you of inform是及物动词，意为“告诉、通知”。 a．Did you inform them of the progre of the work？
b．I beg to inform you that the meeting will be held tomorrow．
c．I have to inform you that I have changed my mind． （6）inquire 误：I inquired him the way to Chicago． 正：inquired him of inquire只可接一个宾语，意为“询问”。 inquire after sb．（问候某人），inquire after a sick comrade，inquire for（a．询问：inquire for a new picture book；b．要见：inquire for the comrade in charge）。 a．We inquired the way of a boy． b．He inquired（of me）how to proceed with the work． （7）introduce 误：The chairman introduced the speaker the audience．
正：introduced the speaker to introduce只可接一个宾语，意为“介绍、引进、引入”。
a．Marxism－Leninism was introduced into China at the beginning of this century．
b．Allow me to introduce John to you． （8）request 误：I will request you this book． 正：request this book from you request是及物动词，意为“要求”，只可接一个宾语。 request sth．from sb．，request sb．\'s presence。 a．Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits．
b．All I request of you is that you（should）be punctual．
c．We requested that they immediately make an investigation of the matter． （9）require 误：Do you require me anything？ 正：require anything of me require是及物动词，意为“需要、要求、命令”，只可接一个宾语，常和介词of连用。
a．These young seedlings will require looking after carefully．
b．The emergency requires that it should be done．
c．I\'ll do all that the party and the people require of me． （10）relieve 误：This relieved us part of our luggage．
正：relieved us of relieve是及物动词，只可接一个宾语，意为“减轻、解除”。
a．The injection can relieve pain． b．He was relieved of his post． （11）reward 误：They rewarded her a prize 正：rewarded her with reward意为“报答、报偿”，是及物动词，常和with连用，意为“以„报偿某人”。 a．We rewarded him with some money． b．His efforts were rewarded by succe． （12）rob 误：They robbed him his watch． 正：robbed him of rob意为“抢劫”，常和of连用。rob a man of his money，rob an orchard，rob sb．of his rights，如：The shock robbed him of speech． （13）supply 误：The government supplies them clothing，food，andshelter． 正：supplies them with supply意为“供给、供应”，常和介词with连用：supply the market with new commodities，in short supply（供应不足）。 6．动词+名词+宾语补足语（现在分词） 不是所有的动词都可以用分词短语作它的宾语补足语的，这种结构对于动词的要求很严格。只有在下列情况下，才能用分词（或分词短语）作其宾语的补足语。 （1）当动词为表示感觉或心理状态时，有see，hear，feel，watch，notice，smell，find，think，look at，observe，listen to等。
a．I saw a small girl standing in the goldfish pond．
b．He felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light．
c．I found him drinking my whisky． （2）当动词make，get，have，keep，leave等表示“致使、使得”含义时。 a．I have my hair cut every ten days． b．She\'s going to have her clothes dyed．
c．Don\'t leave her waitng outside in the rain．
（3）在have+宾语+过去分词的结构中，have有三种不同的含义。 a．We had the problem solved． （had作“致使、使得”讲，表示一种有意的行为。）
b．I have not any money left．（have作“有”解。）
c．She had her arm broken in an accident．
（had作“遭受”解，表示无意行为。） （4）当谓语动词为like，want，wish，order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义时。 a．He wanted his eggs fried． b．He won\'t like such questions discued at the meeting．
c．The commander orderd the army unit reorganized．
（5）当动词start作“引起（让）„作某事”，set意为“使（引起）„做某事”，send作“使得（引起）„做某事”，catch作“碰上（撞上）„做某事”，stop，prevent意为“阻止„做某事”，excuse意为“原谅„做某事”，want意为“想„做某事”，discover意为“发现„做某事”，bring意为“使„做某事”，show意为“显示„做某事”解时。 a．The smoke started her coughing． b．His question set me thinking． c．The explosion sent things flying in all directions．
d．The farmer caught the boys stealing his apples．
e．Oh，mother，do go out and stop father making a scene in the rain．
f．They nailed a piece of wood over the broken window pane to pre- vent the rain coming in．
g．Excuse me not having answered your letter． h．We don\'t want you getting into trouble．
i．He stopped to watch us working． j．We discovered them sitting round a fire chatting．
k．A phone call brought him hurrying to Leeds．
l．The photograph shows the baby laughing．
