名人英语（精选多篇）

发布时间：2022-04-21 15:00:33 来源：其他范文收藏本文下载本文手机版

推荐第1篇：英语演讲稿名人

The Speech of Putin Ladies and Gentlemen, I am delighted to greet members and guests of the General Aembly of the International Exhibitions Bureau.Ruia has a long and rich experience of participation in the World Expo movement.We took part in the very first universal exhibition in London in 1851.And at the Paris exhibition in 1900 our pavilion won the coveted Gold Medal and Grand Prix.But in all this time, Ruia has not hosted the World Expo, not once.Surely, time has come to change this.So, we proudly submit our bid to host World Expo 2020 in Yekaterinburg – a dynamic and promising city.Our bid’s organising committee has the full backing of the Ruian government.We guarantee: it will be a priority national project.We are going to build a maive state-of-the-art complex with the capacity to host 30 million visitors over the course of the event.We plan to allocate all the neceary funding for its construction.I am confident: we shall welcome guests from 150 nations of the world with pride and dignity.Now, once again I would like to make this very clear: Ruia guarantees to fulfil the complete range of requirements set by the International Exhibitions Bureau.In particular, we are preparing a special programme of support for developing countries.This will enable around ninety countries to freely participate in the Expo, completely free of charge.I can aure you that our grand-scale plans for 2020 will be delivered if Yekaterinburg is given the honour to host World Expo 2020.Thank you for your attention, and I hope for your support.

The Speech of Obama Hello, everybody! Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, everybody.All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat.How is everybody doing today? (Applause.) How about Tim Spicer? (Applause.) I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia.And we’ve got students tuning in from all acro America, from kindergarten through 12th grade.And I am just so glad that all could join us today.And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves a big round of applause.(Applause.)

I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it’s your first day in a new school, so it’s understandable if you’re a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go.And no matter what grade you’re in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could’ve stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn’t have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra leons herself, Monday through Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.Now, as you might imagine, I wasn’t too happy about getting up that early.And a lot of times, I’d fall asleep right there at the kitchen table.But whenever I’d complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she’d say, \"This is no picnic for me either, buster.\" So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I’m here today because I have something important to discu with you.I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education and what’s expected of all of you in this new school year.Now, I’ve given a lot of speeches about education.And I’ve talked about responsibility a lot.I’ve talked about teachers’ responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.I’ve talked about your parents’ responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don’t spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.I’ve talked a lot about your government’s responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren’t working, where students aren’t getting the opportunities that they deserve.But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world -- and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unle all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unle you show up to those schools, unle you pay attention to those teachers, unle you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work

it takes to succeed.That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you’re good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That’s the opportunity an education can provide.Maybe you could be a great writer -- maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper -- but you might not know it until you write that English paper -- that English cla paper that’s aigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor -- maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine -- but you might not know it until you do your project for your science cla.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice -- but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you’ll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You’re going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You’ve got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.And this isn’t just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing le than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you’re learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.You’ll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You’ll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelene, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free.You’ll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your claes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy.We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don’t do that -- if you quit on school -- you’re not just quitting on yourself, you’re quitting on your country.

Now, I know it’s not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.

I get it.I know what it’s like.My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn’t always able to give us the things that other kids had.There were times when I mied having a father in my life.There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn’t fit in.

So I wasn’t always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I’m not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse.But I was -- I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams.My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn’t have a lot of money.But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country.

The speech of Lincoln Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continenta new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition thatall men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War,testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We havecome to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for thosewho gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting andproper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannothallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world willlittle note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget whatthey did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to thegreat task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we takeincreased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measureof devotion; that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall notperish from the earth..

推荐第2篇：名人演讲英语

The grandest of these ideals is an unfolding American promise that everyone belongs, that everyone deserves a chance that no insignificant person was ever born.Americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws.And though our nation has sometimes halted, and sometimes delayed, we must follow no other course.Through much of the last century, America\'s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea.Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.Our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pa along.And even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel.--By George W.Bush

推荐第3篇：名人英语演讲稿

名人英语演讲稿

Tribute to Diana

致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞

Diana was the very eence of compaion, of duty, of style, of beauty.All over the world she was a symbol of selfle humanity.All over the world, a standard bearer for the right of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who transcend nationality, someone with a natural nobility who was clale.

在全世界，戴安娜是同情心、责任心、风度和美丽的化身，是无私和人道的象征，是维护真正被践踏的权益的旗手，是一个超越国界的英国女孩，是一个带有自然的高贵气质的人，是一个不分阶层的人。

This is the text of Earl Spencer\'s tribute to his sister at her funeral.There is some very deep, powerful and heartfelt sentiment.Would that those at whom it is aimed would take heed.The versions posted on several news services had minor errors.This is precisely as it was deliverd.

I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock.

We are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to Diana but rather in our need to do so.

For such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they, too, lost someone close to them in the early hours of Sunday morning.It is a more remarkable tribute to Diana than I can ever hope to offer her today.

Diana was the very eence of compaion, of duty, of style, of beauty.All over the world she was a symbol of selfle humanity, a standard-bearer for the rights of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who transcended nationality, someone with a natural nobility who was clale, who proved in the last year that she needed no royal title to continue to generate her particular brand of magic.

Today is our chance to say \"thank you\" for the way you brightened our lives, even though God granted you but half a life.We will all feel cheated, always, that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all.

Only now you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that life without you is very, very difficult.

We have all despaired at our lo over the past week and only the strength of the meage you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward.

There is a temptation to rush to canonize your memory.There is no need to do so.You stand tall enough as a human being of unique qualities not to need to be seen as a saint.Indeed to sanctify your memory would be to mi out on the very core of your being, your wonderfully mischievous sense of humor with the laugh that bent you double, your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile, and the sparkle in those unforgettable eyes, your boundle energy which you could barely contain.

But your greatest gift was your intuition, and it was a gift you used wisely.This is what underpinned all your wonderful attributes.And if we look to analyze what it was about you that had such a wide appeal, we find it in your instinctive feel for what was really important in all our lives.

Without your God-given sensitivity, we would be immersed in greater ignorance at the anguish of AIDS and HIV sufferers, the plight of the homele, the isolation of lepers, the random destruction of land mines.Diana explained to me once that it was her innermost feelings of suffering that made it poible for her to connect with her constituency of the rejected.

And here we come to another truth about her.For all the status, the glamour, the applause, Diana remained throughout a very insecure person at heart, almost childlike in her desire to do good for others so she could release herself from deep feelings of unworthine of which her eating disorders were merely a symptom.

The world sensed this part of her character and cherished her for her vulnerability, whilst admiring her for her honesty.The last time I saw Diana was on July the first, her birthday, in London, when typically she was not taking time to celebrate her special day with friends but was guest of honor at a fund-raising charity evening.

She sparkled of course, but I would rather cherish the days I spent with her in March when she came to visit me and my children in our home in South Africa.I am proud of the fact that apart from when she was on public display meeting President Mandela, we managed to contrive to stop the ever-present paparazzi from getting a single picture of her.

That meant a lot to her.

These were days I will always treasure.It was as if we\'d been transported back to our childhood, when we spent such an enormous amount of time together, the two youngest in the family.

Fundamentally she hadn\'t changed at all from the big sister who mothered me as a baby, fought with me at school and endured those long train journeys between our parents\' homes with me at weekends.It is a tribute to her level-headedne and strength that despite the most bizarre life imaginable after her childhood, she remained intact, true to herself.

There is no doubt that she was looking for a new direction in her life at this time.She talked

endlely of getting away from England, mainly because of the treatment she received at the hands of the newspapers.

I don\'t think she ever understood why her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent quest on their behalf to bring her down.It is baffling.My own, and only, explanation is that genuine goodne is threatening to those at the opposite end of the moral spectrum.

It is a point to remember that of all the ironies about Diana, perhaps the greatest was this; that a girl given the name of the ancient godde of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age.

She would want us today to pledge ourselves to protecting her beloved boys William and Harry from a similar fate.And I do this here, Diana, on your behalf.We will not allow them to suffer the anguish that used regularly to drive you to tearful despair.

Beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, I pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative and loving way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men, so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned.

We fully respect the heritage into which they have both been born, and will always respect and encourage them in their royal role.But we, like you, recognize the need for them to experience as many different aspects of life as poible, to arm them spiritually and emotionally for the years ahead.I know you would have expected nothing le from us.

William and Harry, we all care desperately for you today.We are all chewed up with sadne at the lo of a woman who wasn\'t even our mother.How great your suffering is we cannot even imagine.

I would like to end by thanking God for the small mercies he has shown us at this dreadful time; for taking Diana at her most beautiful and radiant and when she had joy in her private life.

Above all, we give thanks for the life of a woman I am so proud to be able to call my sister: the unique the complex, the extraordinary and irreplaceable Diana, whose beauty, both internal and external, will never be extinguished from our minds.

推荐第4篇：英语演讲关于英语名人

mr.president, ladies and gentlemen,good afternoon! 主席先生，各位来宾，大家午安！ before i introduce our cultural programs, only tell you one thing first about 2008.youre going tohave a great time in beijing. 在我介绍我们的文化项目之前，首先我要告诉你们一件有关于2008的事情，那就是你们将在北京度过一段美好的时光。 many people are fascinated by chin sport legends in the history.for example, back to songdynasty, which was the 11th century, people in our country started to play a game called cuju,which is regarded as the origin of ancient football.the game was so popular that women were alsoparticipating.now, you would probably understand why our womens football team does so welltoday. 很多人都对中国历史上的体育传奇感兴趣。例如，早在宋代，大约11世纪，人们开始玩一个叫蹴鞠的游戏，这被看作是足球古老的起源。这个游戏很受欢迎，妇女也来参加。现在，你就会明白，为什么我们的女子足球队这么厉害了。 there are a lot more wonderful and exciting events waiting for you in the new beijing, a modernmetropolis with 3,000 years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry.along with theiconic imagery of the forbidden city, the temple of heaven and the great wall, the city also offersan endle mixture of theatres, museums, discos, all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls whichwill amaze and delight you. volve youngpeople from around the world.during the olympics, these activites will also be held in the olympicvillage and in the city for the benefit of the athletes. 基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力将有新的突破，从奥林匹亚开始，穿越一些最古老的国家文明古国——希腊、罗马、埃及、拜占庭、美索不达米亚、波斯、阿拉伯、印度和中国。携带的信息“分享和平，分享奥运”永恒的火焰将达到新的高峰，因为它将穿越喜马拉雅山在世界的最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在中国，圣火还将穿过西藏，穿越长江与黄河，游历长城，并拜访香港，澳门，台湾和56个民族的人们，在这一历程之中，圣火的观看人数将超越所有之前的传递，儿它也将被激励更多的人参与到奥林匹克的大家庭中。 i am afraid i can not give you the full picture of our cultural programs within such a short period oftime.before i end, let me share with you one story.seven hundred years ago, amazed by hisincredible description of a far away land of great beauty, people asked marco polo whether hitories about china were true.and marco answered: what i have told you was not even half ofwhat i saw.actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of the beijing thatawaits you. 在这么短的时间里，我恐怕不能介绍现在的中华全貌与我们的文化，在我结束前，让我跟大家分享这样一个故事，七百年前，马可波罗来到中国，马可波罗曾对中国的美丽有过惊奇的描述，人们对他描述感到十分惊讶，人们问马可波罗他的故事是不是真的，他回答道：我告诉你的连我看到的一半都没有达到。其实,我们已经介绍的只是一小部分，北京正在等待着你！

ladies and gentlemen，

我相信北京将向你们所有人证明它是一片神奇的土地, 不论是运动员，观众，还是全世界的电视观众。来吧，和我们一起来吧！谢谢主席先生。谢谢大家。现在再次由请何振梁先生讲话。

推荐第5篇：英语名人短篇演讲稿

名人英语演讲稿 tribute to diana 致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞

在全世界，戴安娜是同情心、责任心、风度和美丽的化身，是无私和人道的象征，是维护真正被践踏的权益的旗手，是一个超越国界的英国女孩，是一个带有自然的高贵气质的人，是一个不分阶层的人。 this is the text of earl spencers tribute to his sister at her funeral.there is some very deep, powerful and heartfelt sentiment.would that those at whom it is aimed would take heed.the versions posted on several news services had minor errors.this is precisely as it was deliverd. i stand before you today the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock. we are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to diana but rather in our need to do so. for such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they, too, lost someone close to them in the early hours of sunday morning.it is a more remarkable tribute to diana than i can ever hope to offer her today. today is our chance to say thank you for the way you brightened our lives, even though god granted you but half a life.we will all feel cheated, always, that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. only now you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that life without you is very, very difficult. we have all despaired at our lo over the past week and only the strength of the meage you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward. there is a temptation to rush to canonize your memory.there is no need to do so.you stand tall enough as a human being of unique qualities not to need to be seen as a saint.indeed to sanctify your memory would be to mi out on the very core of your being, your wonderfully mischievous sense of humor with the laugh that bent you double, your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile, and the sparkle in those unforgettable eyes, your boundle energy which you could barely contain. but your greatest gift was your intuition, and it was a gift you used wisely.this is what underpinned all your wonderful attributes.and if we look to analyze what it was about you that had such a wide appeal, we find it in your instinctive feel for what was really important in all our lives. without your god-given sensitivity, we would be immersed in greater ignorance at the anguish of aids and hiv sufferers, the plight of the homele, the isolation of lepers, the random destruction of land mines.diana explained to me once that it was her innermost feelings of suffering that made it poible for her to connect with her constituency of the rejected. the world sensed this part of her character and cherished her for her vulnerability, whilst admiring her for her honesty.the last time i saw diana was on july the first, her birthday, in london, when typically she was not taking time to celebrate her special day with friends but was guest of honor at a fund-raising charity evening. she sparkled of course, but i would rather cherish the days i spent with her in march when she came to visit me and my children in our home in south africa.i am proud of the fact that apart from when she was on public display meeting president mandela, we managed to contrive to stop the ever-present paparazzi from getting a single picture of her. that meant a lot to her. these were days i will always treasure.it was as if wed been transported back to our childhood, when we spent such an enormous amount of time together, the two youngest in the family. fundamentally she hadnt changed at all from the big sister who mothered me as a baby, fought with me at school and endured those long train journeys between our parents homes with me at weekends.it is a tribute to her level-headedne and strength that despite the most bizarre life imaginable after her childhood, she remained intact, true to herself. there is no doubt that she was looking for a new direction in her life at this time.she talked endlely of getting away from england, mainly because of the treatment she received at the hands of the newspapers. i dont think she ever understood why her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent quest on their behalf to bring her down.it is baffling.my own, and only, explanation is that genuine goodne is threatening to those at the opposite end of the moral spectrum. it is a point to remember that of all the ironies about diana, perhaps the greatest was this; that a girl given the name of the ancient godde of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age. she would want us today to pledge ourselves to protecting her beloved boys william and harry from a similar fate.and i do this here, diana, on your behalf.we will not allow them to suffer the anguish that used regularly to drive you to tearful despair. beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, i pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative and loving way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men, so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned. we fully respect the heritage into which they have both been born, and will always respect and encourage them in their royal role.but we, like you, recognize the need for them to experience as many different aspects of life as poible, to arm them spiritually and emotionally for the years ahead.i know you would have expected nothing le from us. william and harry, we all care desperately for you today.we are all chewed up with sadne at the lo of a woman who wasnt even our mother.how great your suffering is we cannot even imagine. i would like to end by thanking god for the small mercies he has shown us at this dreadful time; for taking diana at her most beautiful and radiant and when she had joy in her private life. ----- it is such an honor and pleasure for me to be back at yale, especially on the occasion of the 300th anniversary.i have had so many memories of my time here, and as nick was speaking i thought about how i ended up at yale law school.and it tells a little bit about how much progre we’ve made. what i think most about when i think of yale is not just the politically charged atmosphere and not even just the superb legal education that i received.it was at yale that i began work that has been at the core of what i have cared about ever since.i began working with new haven legal services representing children.and i studied child development, abuse and neglect at the yale new haven hospital and the child study center.i was lucky enough to receive a civil rights internship with marian wright edelman at the children’s defense fund, where i went to work after i graduated.those experiences fueled in me a paion to work for the benefit of children, particularly the most vulnerable. now, looking back, there is no way that i could have predicted what path my life would have taken.i didn’t sit around the law school, saying, well, you know, i think i’ll graduate and then i’ll go to work at the children’s defense fund, and then the impeachment inquiry, and nixon retired or resigns, i’ll go to arkansas.i didn’t think like that.i was taking each day at a time. but, i’ve been very fortunate because i’ve always had an idea in my mind about what i thought was important and what gave my life meaning and purpose.a set of values and beliefs that have helped me navigate the shoals, the sometimes very treacherous sea, to illuminate my own true desires, despite that others say about what l should care about and believe in.a paion to succeed at what l thought was important and children have always provided that lone star, that guiding light.because l have that absolute conviction that every child, especially in this, the most bleed of nations that has ever existed on the face of earth, that every child deserves the opportunity to live up to his or her god-given potential. but you know that belief and conviction-it may make for a personal miion statement, but standing alone, not translated into action, it means very little to anyone else, particularly to those for whom you have those concerns. when i was thinking about running for the united states senate-which was such an enormous decision to make, one i never could have dreamed that i would have been making when i was here on campus-i visited a school in new york city and i met a young woman, who was a star athlete. and it doesn’t mean that once having made that choice you will always succeed.in fact, you won’t.there are setbacks and you will experience difficult disappointments.you will be slowed down and sometimes the breath will just be knocked out of you.but if you carry with you the values and beliefs that you can make a difference in your own life, first and foremost, and then in the lives of others.you can get back up, you can keep going. but it is also important, as i have found, not to take yourself too seriously, because after all, every one of us here today, none of us is deserving of full credit.i think every day of the bleings my birth gave me without any doing of my own.i chose neither my family nor my country, but they as much as anything i’ve ever done, determined my course. you have been there trying to serve because you have believed both that it was the right thing to do and because it gave something back to you.you have dared to care. well, dare to care to fight for equal justice for all, for equal pay for women, against hate crimes and bigotry.dare to care about public schools without qualified teachers or adequate resources.dare to care about protecting our environment.dare to care about the 10 million children in our country who lack health insurance.dare to care about the one and a half million children who have a parent in jail.the seven million people who suffer from hiv/aids.and thank you for caring enough to demand that our nation do more to help those that are suffering throughout this world with hiv/aids, to prevent this pandemic from spreading even further. and so bring your values and experiences and insights into politics.dare to help make, not just a difference in politics, but create a different politics.some have called you the generation of choice.you’ve been raised with multiple choice tests, multiple channels, multiple websites and multiple lifestyles.you’ve grown up choosing among alternatives that were either not imagined, created or available to people in prior generations. you’ve been invested with far more personal power to customize your life, to make more free choices about how to live than was ever thought poible.and i think as i look at all the surveys and research that is done, your choices reflect not only freedom, but personal responsibility. the social indicators, not the headlines, the social indicators tell a positive story: drug use and cheating and arrests being down, been pregnancy and suicides, drunk driving deaths being down. it is not the vast conspiracy you may have heard about; rather it’s a silent conspiracy of cynicism and indifference and alienation that we see every day, in our popular culture and in our prodigious consumerism. but as many have said before and as vaclav havel has said to memorably, “it cannot suffice just to invent new machines, new regulations and new institutions.it is neceary to understand differently and more perfectly the true purpose of our existence on this earth and of our deeds.” and i think we are called on to reject, in this time of bleings that we enjoy, those who will tear us apart and tear us down and instead to liberate our god-given spirit, by being willing to dare to dream of a better world. during my campaign, when times were tough and days were long i used to think about the example of harriet tubman, a heroic new yorker, a 19th century moses, who risked her life to bring hundreds of slaves to freedom.she would say to those who she gathered up in the south where she kept going back year after year from the safety of auburn, new york, that no matter what happens, they had to keep going.if they heard shouts behind them, they had to keep going.if they heard gunfire or dogs, they had to keep going to freedom.well, those aren’t the risks we face.it is more the silence and apathy and indifference that dogs our heels. thirty-two years ago, i spoke at my own graduation from wellesley, where i did call on my fellow clamates to reject the notion of limitations on our ability to effect change and instead to embrace the idea that the goal of education should be human liberation and the freedom to practice with all the skill of our being the art of making poible. thank you and god ble you all.篇3：名人英文励志演讲稿

名人英文励志演讲稿

新一代大学英语四六级领军人物，英语专家、文化学者、出版人、策划人，“振宇英语”创始人，当当网外语图书热门作者。

外语教学与研究出版社、北京航空航天大学出版社、大连理工大学出版社、海豚出版社、首都师范大学出版社、中国宇航出版社等国内一流出版社“振宇英语”丛书主编。外研社荣誉作者、当当网外语图书热门作者。

曾任国家级媒体记者、翻译、电台英语节目主持人、“振宇英语”专栏撰稿人、大学英语系主任、大学英语专业特聘专家教授。序言

对于英语学习者来说，多听多看多练英语演讲是学地道英语的最佳有效途径之一，也是训练语音语调最有效的辅助手段。你不用担心这些演讲是否有语法问题，也不用担心用词是否准确，表达是否到位。因为一些名人的演讲稿通常是字斟句酌精心完成的。此外，通过演讲学英语还可以潜移默化地帮助自己提升对英文的驾驭能力，增强英语的语感和美感。

本书精选了19篇具有代表性的名人的英语演讲。这些名人或是国家领袖，或是关心民权民生的政治人物，或是创造经济财富的精英，或是用文字抒发情怀的作家记者，或是演艺界的娱乐名人。他们都在自己的领域里作出了杰出的贡献。他们思想深刻，见解独到，注定是站在时代前列的人。

这些名人的演讲充满了智慧，富含启迪。它们或是结合自身经历立足于个人发展的谆谆教诲，像亚马逊ceo杰夫·贝索斯在普林斯顿大学演讲，他讲了自己创业的故事，以此鼓励毕业生：未来掌握在自己的手中，追寻自己的梦

想，慎重选择;或是号召民众面对困难迎难而上，像美国第32任总统富兰克林·罗斯福，他就任于美国经济大萧条时期，国内民生凋敝，萎靡不振，他告诉大家，我们惟一害怕的是害怕本身，展示了带领民众走出低谷的豪情;或者充满人文关怀，如美国著名作家威廉·福克纳，站在人类精神的高度，勉励作家文人心中时时充满爱、怜悯、同情和牺牲的精神;或是显示了追求自由平等的决心，如马钉路德·金和南非总统曼德拉，他们在演讲中都表达了誓死捍卫民-主和自由的决心;或是显示了对家庭的爱，并把这种爱升华为“老吾老，以及人之老;幼吾幼，以及人之幼”，如米歇尔·奥巴马，她在演讲中表达了对家庭的热爱，同时也为丈夫竞选呐喊助威----如果巴拉克·奥巴马当选总统，将会保证每个美国人都能享受卫生保健，确保本国的每个孩子都能得到世界一流的教育。精选出的这些演讲名篇题材涉猎广泛，风格迥异。无论你是被其恢宏的气势所震撼，还是被其精深的意蕴所折服，亦或是为其诙谐幽默而莞尔，都能感受到演讲者所传递的共同心声：一定要奋发向上，积极进取，做出个人应有的成绩，为时代，为国家做贡献。

随书赠送的mp3演讲音频，为演讲者的原声音频。这些声音铿锵有力，或给你启迪，或让你感动，或给你温暖，或激发你前行的信念。同时，也让你更有机会品味最地道的英语表达。此外，在每一篇文章之后，都附有提炼出的演讲中具有指引性、励志性的“经典语录”，方便模仿与背诵。地道实用的英语学得多了积累得多了，你就能很自然地表达出极为纯正的英语，既能提升你的书面语表达能力，也可以提升你的口语表达能力。

推荐第6篇：名人励志英语演讲稿

名人英文励志演讲稿

新一代大学英语四六级领军人物，英语专家、文化学者、出版人、策划人，“振宇英语”创始人，当当网外语图书热门作者。

曾任国家级媒体记者、翻译、电台英语节目主持人、“振宇英语”专栏撰稿人、大学英语系主任、大学英语专业特聘专家教授。

序言

准备好了吗?让我们从现在开始，去聆听那些温暖人心的声音吧!篇2：名人名校励志英语演讲稿

----- it is such an honor and pleasure for me to be back at yale, especially on the occasion of the 300th anniversary.i have had so many memories of my time here, and as nick was speaking i thought about how i ended up at yale law school.and it tells a little bit about how much progre we’ve made. what i think most about when i think of yale is not just the politically charged atmosphere and not even just the superb legal education that i received.it was at yale that i began work that has been at the core of what i have cared about ever since.i began working with new haven legal services representing children.and i studied child development, abuse and neglect at the yale new haven hospital and the child study center.i was lucky enough to receive a civil rights internship with marian wright edelman at the children’s defense fund, where i went to work after i graduated.those experiences fueled in me a paion to work for the benefit of children, particularly the most vulnerable. now, looking back, there is no way that i could have predicted what path my life would have taken.i didn’t sit around the law school, saying, well, you know, i think i’ll graduate and then i’ll go to work at the children’s defense fund, and then the impeachment inquiry, and nixon retired or resigns, i’ll go to arkansas.i didn’t think like that.i was taking each day at a time. but, i’ve been very fortunate because i’ve always had an idea in my mind about what i thought was important and what gave my life meaning and purpose.a set of values and beliefs that have helped me navigate the shoals, the sometimes very treacherous sea, to illuminate my own true desires, despite that others say about what l should care about and believe in.a paion to succeed at what l thought was important and children have always provided that lone star, that guiding light.because l have that absolute conviction that every child, especially in this, the most bleed of nations that has ever existed on the face of earth, that every child deserves the opportunity to live up to his or her god-given potential. but you know that belief and conviction-it may make for a personal miion statement, but standing alone, not translated into action, it means very little to anyone else, particularly to those for whom you have those concerns. when i was thinking about running for the united states senate-which was such an enormous decision to make, one i never could have dreamed that i would have been making when i was here on campus-i visited a school in new york city and i met a young woman, who was a star athlete. and it doesn’t mean that once having made that choice you will always succeed.in fact, you won’t.there are setbacks and you will experience difficult disappointments.you will be slowed down and sometimes the breath will just be knocked out of you.but if you carry with you the values and beliefs that you can make a difference in your own life, first and foremost, and then in the lives of others.you can get back up, you can keep going. but it is also important, as i have found, not to take yourself too seriously, because after all, every one of us here today, none of us is deserving of full credit.i think every day of the bleings my birth gave me without any doing of my own.i chose neither my family nor my country, but they as much as anything i’ve ever done, determined my course. you have been there trying to serve because you have believed both that it was the right thing to do and because it gave something back to you.you have dared to care. well, dare to care to fight for equal justice for all, for equal pay for women, against hate crimes and bigotry.dare to care about public schools without qualified teachers or adequate resources.dare to care about protecting our environment.dare to care about the 10 million children in our country who lack health insurance.dare to care about the one and a half million children who have a parent in jail.the seven million people who suffer from hiv/aids.and thank you for caring enough to demand that our nation do more to help those that are suffering throughout this world with hiv/aids, to prevent this pandemic from spreading even further. and so bring your values and experiences and insights into politics.dare to help make, not just a difference in politics, but create a different politics.some have called you the generation of choice.you’ve been raised with multiple choice tests, multiple channels, multiple websites and multiple lifestyles.you’ve grown up choosing among alternatives that were either not imagined, created or available to people in prior generations. you’ve been invested with far more personal power to customize your life, to make more free choices about how to live than was ever thought poible.and i think as i look at all the surveys and research that is done, your choices reflect not only freedom, but personal responsibility. the social indicators, not the headlines, the social indicators tell a positive story: drug use and cheating and arrests being down, been pregnancy and suicides, drunk driving deaths being down. it is not the vast conspiracy you may have heard about; rather it’s a silent conspiracy of cynicism and indifference and alienation that we see every day, in our popular culture and in our prodigious consumerism. but as many have said before and as vaclav havel has said to memorably, “it cannot suffice just to invent new machines, new regulations and new institutions.it is neceary to understand differently and more perfectly the true purpose of our existence on this earth and of our deeds.” and i think we are called on to reject, in this time of bleings that we enjoy, those who will tear us apart and tear us down and instead to liberate our god-given spirit, by being willing to dare to dream of a better world. during my campaign, when times were tough and days were long i used to think about the example of harriet tubman, a heroic new yorker, a 19th century moses, who risked her life to bring hundreds of slaves to freedom.she would say to those who she gathered up in the south where she kept going back year after year from the safety of auburn, new york, that no matter what happens, they had to keep going.if they heard shouts behind them, they had to keep going.if they heard gunfire or dogs, they had to keep going to freedom.well, those aren’t the risks we face.it is more the silence and apathy and indifference that dogs our heels. thirty-two years ago, i spoke at my own graduation from wellesley, where i did call on my fellow clamates to reject the notion of limitations on our ability to effect change and instead to embrace the idea that the goal of education should be human liberation and the freedom to practice with all the skill of our being the art of making poible. thank you and god ble you all.篇3：名人英语演讲稿

名人英语演讲稿 tribute to diana 致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞

女性时尚生活杂志,免费阅读百度搜索原版英语可以找到本站

《影响你一生的名人励志演讲》收录了19篇英语演讲，演讲者来自政治、经济、文化等各个领域。本书共分为五章，分别为国家领袖、政治人物、商界精英、作家记者和娱乐名人。精选出的这些演讲名篇题材涉猎广泛、风格迥异，有的气势恢宏，意蕴精深；有的轻松诙谐，令人捧腹；有的言辞恳切，语重心长。它们都有一个共同点：演讲者或立足于时代背景下或从个人自身经历出发，鼓舞人奋发向上、积极进取，做出个人应有的成绩，为时代、为国家做贡献。本书配有原版音频，让你最近距离感受这些最具影响力的声音。

国家领袖

梦想与责任——巴拉克·奥巴马（>>查看演讲视频及双语演讲稿） and even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don’t ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.即使当你苦苦挣扎、灰心丧气、感到其他人对你放弃时，也不要放弃自己，因为当你放弃自己时，你也抛弃了自己的国家。 must be strong 我们必须强大——威廉·杰斐逊·克林顿

因为我们大家都在生命的同一旅途上，我们的旅途会有终点。但我们的美国之路必须走下去。 the only thing we have to fear is fear itself 我们唯一害怕的是害怕本身——富兰克林·罗斯福（>>查看演讲音频及演讲稿中英对照） the only thing we have to fear is fear itself — namele, unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.我们唯一害怕的是害怕本身——这种难以名状、失去理智和毫无道理的恐惧，把人转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。 i am prepared to die for an ideal 为理想我愿献出生命——纳尔逊·曼德拉（>>查看演讲音频及演讲稿中英对照） i have fought against white domination, and i have fought against black domination.i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony with equal opportunities.it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to see realized.but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die. 我反对白人统治，也反对黑人统治。我珍视民主和自由社会的理想，在这个社会中，人人和睦相处，机会均等。我希望为这个理想而生，并希望能实现这个理想。但是如果需要，为理想我愿献出生命。

we choose to go to the moon （>>查看演讲视频及英文演讲稿）我们选择登月——约翰·肯尼迪 the greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.我们学到的知识越多，认识到的无知就越多。 never tiring, never yielding, never finishing 永不疲惫，永不气馁，永不完竭——乔治·布什 never tiring, never yielding, neverfinishing, we renew that purpose today; to make our country more just and generous; to affirm the dignity of our lives and every life.永不疲惫，永不气馁，永不完竭，今天我们重树这样的目标：使我们的国家变得更加公正、更加慷慨，去体现我们每个人和所有人生命的尊严。

政治人物 i have a dream （>>查看演讲音频及英文演讲稿）

我有一个梦想——马丁·路德·金 let us not wallow in the valley of despair, i say to you today, my friends.and so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, i still have a dream.it is a dream deeply rooted in the american dream.朋友们，今天我要对你们说，千万不要沉沦在绝望的深谷里。尽管眼下困难重重，但我依然怀有一个梦想。这个梦想深深植根于美国梦之中。 i quit, but i will continue the fight 我放弃了，但我会继续战斗——希拉里·克林顿 on the day we live in an america where no child, no man, and no woman is without health insurance, we will live in a stronger america.that’s why we need to help elect barack obama our president.当我们有朝一日居住在一个让每个孩子、每个男人、每个女人都享有医疗保障的美国时，我们便拥有了一个更强大的美国。这就是为什么我们要帮助巴拉克·奥巴马竞选总统职位。 building the foundations for succe 为成功做好准备——安妮·德·萨里斯 knowing who we are and being confident enough to do what matters to us — that’s what counts.了解自己，满怀自信，做好我们认为重要的事情，这才是最重要的。 let’s elect barack obama president of usa 让我们选举巴拉克·奥巴马为美利坚合众国总统——米歇尔·奥巴马

商界精英 unleashing your creativity （>>查看演讲稿中英文对照）

释放你的创造力——比尔·盖茨 and i believe that through our natural inventivene, creativity and willingne to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.我相信，凭借人类与生俱来的发明创造能力和不畏艰难、坚韧不拔

的品格，在我的有生之年里我们将在所有这些领域都创造出可喜的成就。 grab your dreams when it shows up 当梦想来临时抓住它——拉里·佩奇 overall, i know it seems like the world is crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.dont give up on your dreams.the world needs you all!总而言之，我知道这个世界看起来已支离破碎，但这确实是你们人生中一个伟大的时代，你们可以疯狂一点，追随你们的好奇心，积极进取。不要放弃梦想。世界需要你们。 we are what we choose （>>查看演讲稿视频及双语演讲稿）

选择塑造人生——杰夫·贝索斯 cleverne is a gift, kindne is a choice.gifts are easy — theyre given after all.choices can be hard.you can seduce yourself with your gifts if youre not careful, and if you do, itll probably be to the detriment of your choices.聪明是一种天赋，而善良是一种选择。天赋得来很容易——毕竟它们与生俱来。而选择却颇为艰难。如果一不小心，你可能被天赋所诱惑，这可能会损害到你做出的选择。

作家记者 the spirit of man 人类的精神——威廉·福克纳 tribute to diana （>>查看英文演讲稿）

致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞

follow your bli, follow your heart（>>查看演讲音频及英文演讲稿）

追随你的幸福,倾听你的心声——安德森·库珀 but it actually was the best thing that ever happened to me.i decided that if no one would give me a chance, i’d have to take a chance, and if no one would give me an opportunity, i would have to create my own opportunity.但这次失败却成了我人生中最有价值的经历。我下定决心，如果没人给我机会，我就自己寻找机会；如果没人给我机会，我就自己创造机会。

娱乐名人 failure is an option, but fear is not（>>查看演讲视频及演讲稿中英双语对照）

失败是一个选项，但畏惧不是——詹姆斯·卡梅隆 so, thats the thought i would leave you with, is that in whatever youre doing, failure is an option, but fear is not. 所以，这是我想给你的想法，不管你做什么，失败是一个选项，但畏惧不是。 feelings, failure and finding happine (点我去查看奥普拉演讲视频和双语演讲稿) 感觉、失败及寻找幸福——奥普拉·温弗瑞

——美国著名电视节目主持人奥普拉·温弗瑞2008年在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上发表的演讲

1、奥斯特洛夫斯基

命运对奥斯特洛夫斯基是残酷的：他念过三年小学，青春消逝在疾驰的战马与枪林弹雨中。16岁时，他腹部与头部严重负伤，右眼失明。20岁时，又因关节硬化而卧床不起。面对着命运的严峻挑战，他深切地感到：“在生活中没比掉队更可怕的事情了。”奥斯特洛夫斯基与命运进行了英勇的抗争：他不想躺在残废荣誉军人的功劳簿上向祖国和人民伸手，他用沸腾的精力读完了函授大学的全部课程，如饥似渴地阅读俄罗斯与世界文学名著。书籍召唤他前进，书籍陪伴他披荆斩棘。奥斯特洛夫斯基思想的烈马，驰骋在乌克兰与波兰交界的辽阔的原野上，他口授的每一个字母都像无情的子弹，射向入侵的德国强盗。 2.张海迪 1955年秋天在济南出生。5岁患脊髓病，胸以下全部瘫痪。从那时起，张海迪开始了她独到的人生。她无法上学，便在在家自学完中学课程。在残酷的命运挑战面前，张海迪没有沮丧和沉沦，她以顽强的毅力和恒心与疾病做斗争，经受了严峻的考验，对人生充满了信心。她虽然没有机会走进校门，却发愤学习，学完了小学、中学全部课程，自学了大学英语、日语、德语和世界语，并攻读了大学和硕士研究生的课程。为了对社会作出更大的贡献，她先后自学了十几种医学专著，同时向有经验的医生请教，学会了针灸等医术，为群众无偿治疗

达1万多人次。

我们都是四肢健全的人，所以更我们应该珍惜眼前的学习机会。 3.爱迪生

在爱迪生发明灯泡的时候他失败了很多次，当他用到一千多种材料做灯丝的时候，助手对他说：“你已经失败了一千多次了，成功已经变得渺茫，还是放弃吧！”但爱迪生却说：“到现在我的收获还不错，起码我发现有一千多种材料不能做灯丝。”最后，他经过六千多次的实验终于成功了。

我们可以试想，如果爱迪生在助手劝他停止实验的时候放弃了，我们现在会怎么样呢？可能我们还要点只有豆粒般大小的油灯在夜里照明。其实爱迪生的每次试验失败都可以看作是挫折。这么一算，爱迪生发明电灯也就是遇上了六千多次的挫折，这是一个多么惊人的数目啊！ 4.林肯

生下来就一贫如洗的林肯，终其一生都在面对挫败，八次竞选八次落败，两次经商失败，甚至还精神崩溃过一次。好多次，他本可以放弃，但他并没有如此，也正因为他没有放弃，才成为美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。此路艰辛而泥泞。我一只脚滑了一下，另一只脚也因而站不稳;但我缓口气，告诉自己，这不过是滑一跤，并不是死去而爬

不起来。 ——林肯在竞选参议员落败后如是说

我们有的时候受到一次挫折，或经受到一次失败，就灰心丧气，认为自己一无是处，看看爱迪生和林肯，我们就会明白人的一生不是一帆风顺的，关键是学会坚持，永不放弃。 4.霍金

霍金虽然身体的残疾越来越重，但却力图像普通人一样生活，完成自己所能做的任何事情。他甚至是活泼好动的——这听起来有些好笑，在他已经完全无法移动之后，他仍然坚持用唯一可以活动的手指驱动着轮椅在前往办公室的路上“横冲直撞”； ·威廉·霍金认为他一生的贡献是在经典物理的框架里，证明了黑洞和大爆炸奇点的不可避免性，黑洞越变越大；但在量子物理的框架里，他指出，黑洞因辐射而越变越小，大爆炸的奇点不断被量子效应所抹平，而且整个宇宙正是起始于此。

推荐第7篇：英语名人演讲稿翻译

President Bush Honors Martin Luther King 布什总统纪念马丁路德金的演讲

Thank you， all． Thank you． Now I understand －－ now I understand 谢谢你们所以人，谢谢大家。

现在我明白了

现在我明白了 why a Hechinger warehouse －－（laughter and applause）－－ can become 为什么Hechinger仓库

能够成为 a center of love and compaion and fire．（Applause．） I am honored， Laura 爱，怜悯和热情的中心。

我很荣幸Laura and I are honored that you would invite us and our friends， the Governor and 和我因为大家邀请我俩和我俩的朋友而万分荣幸

州长，

the First Lady and the Lieutenant Governor and his lovely wife， to come and 第一夫人，Lieutenant州长和他亲爱的妻子

来到这里 celebrate a great American．为一个伟大的米利坚合众国而庆贺。

We\'re honored to be in the midst of a social entrepreneur －－（applause）

我们很荣幸成为社会企业家中的一员

－－ whose guidebook for entrepreneurship to help others is the

《圣经》是他们用以帮助他人的写有企业家精神的指导手册。

Bible．（Applause．） I want to thank the members of the church， the leaders

我想要感谢教堂的成员们

教堂的领导者们 of the church and those who are in charge of the ministries of the church for

和那些掌管教堂事业部门的人们 sharing with us the good works of this church．因为他们和我们分享了教堂的善行。

It is fitting that we honor Martin Luther King in a church． Because，我们在教堂里纪念马丁路德金是很合适的

Gregory， I believe， like you， that the power of his words， the clarity of his 因为Gregory，我相信，像你一样，他（马丁）话语的有力，

眼力的明晰 vision， the courage of his leadership occurred because he put his faith in the

领导的勇气得以彰显

因为他将自己的信念倾注在上帝身上 Almighty．

It is fitting that we honor the life of a great American in a church who 我们把荣誉给予一个从教堂中激发出灵感的伟大的美国人的一生是合适的。

derived his inspiration from the church． It is fitting that we honor this great

我们把荣誉给予这个教堂里的伟大的 American in a church because， out of the church comes the notion of equality 美国人是合适的，因为他走出教堂给国家带来了平等和法制。

and justice.And even though progre has been made， Pastor 即使已经做出成就，

－－ even though progre has been made， there is more to do． There are

仍然有更多事要做

still people in our society who hurt． There is still prejudice holding people 在我们的社会中仍然有受到伤害的人。

仍然有人身上存有偏见

back． There is still a school system that doesn\'t elevate every child so they can 仍然有一些学校的制度没有把每一个孩子置于同等地位使他们能够学习。 learn．There is still a need for us to hear the words of Martin 对于我们来说仍有必要去听马丁路德金的话

Luther King， to make sure the hope of America extends its reach into every 用来确保美国人的希望延伸到这篇土地的每一个街区。

neighborhood acro this land．！！

So it\'s fitting we\'re here in a church that has got ministries aimed at healing 因此我们在这个有事工部门的教堂里致力于救助那些受伤的人们

those who hurt， and fighting addiction and promoting love and families． It

对抗毒瘾并且发扬爱情和亲情是合适的。

is fitting we meet here in a church because in this society， we must understand 我们在这个教堂相见是合适的，因为在这个社会我们必须相信政府能帮助我们 government can help， government can write checks.

政府能给我们带来福利。

推荐第8篇：名人事例英语写作

英语写作论据：名人事例

主题1：宽容

A story tells that two friends were walking through the desert.During some point of the journey, they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face.The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, he wrote in the sand: Today my best friend slapped me in the face.They kept on walking, until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath.The one who had been slapped got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but his friend saved him.After he recovered from the near drowning, he wrote on a stone: Today my best friend saved my life.The friend, who had slapped and saved his best friend, asked him, \"After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand, and now, you write on a stone, why?\"

The other friend replied: \"When someone hurts us, we should write it down in sand, where the winds of forgivene can erase it away, but when someone does something good for us, we must engrave it in stone where no wind can ever erase it.Learn to write your hurts in the sand and to carve your bleings in stone.

主题2：豁达

One day a father and his rich family took his young son on a trip to the country with the purpose to show him how poor people can be.They spent a day and a night in the farm of a very poor family.When they got back from their trip the father asked his son,

“How was the trip?”

“Very good, Dad!”

“And what did you learn?”

The son answered, “I saw that we have a dog at home, and they have four.We have a pool that reaches to the middle of the garden, they have a creek that has no end.We have imported lamps in the garden, they have the stars.Our patio reaches to the front yard, they have a whole horizon.” When the little boy was finishing, his father was speechle.The boy added, “Thanks, Dad, for showing me how poor we are!” Isn\'t it true that it all depends on the way you look at things? If you have love, friends, family, health, good humor and a positive attitude toward life, you\'ve got everything!

主题3：逆境奋斗

Oprah Winfrey (1954 ---) Winfrey is one of the most succeful and richest people in the world today, but she didn\'t always have it so easy.She grew up in Milwaukee, Wis.and was repeatedly molested by her cousin, uncle and a family friend.She eventually ran away from home, and at age 14 gave birth to a baby boy who shortly died after.But Winfrey\'s tragic past didn\'t stop her from becoming the force she is today.She excelled as an honors student in high school, and won an oratory contest which secured her a full scholarship to college.Now the entrepreneur and personality has the admiration of millions and a net worth of $2.9 billion.

主题4：乐观

Kris Carr (1971--- ) In 2003, Kris Carr was a 32-year-old New Yorker just enjoying life.But then, a regular checkup at her doctor\'s office resulted in a diagnosis of a rare and incurable Stage IV cancer, existing in her liver and lungs.Instead of succumbing to the disease, Carr decided to challenge her diagnosis head on.She attacked her cancer with a brand new nutritional lifestyle, and turned her experience into a series of succeful self-help books and documentaries.Eventually, she launched her own wellne website, which is followed by over 40,000 people.Today, Karr is now revered as one of the most prominent experts on healthy living.

主题5：执著

Van Gogh (1853 – 1890) Van Gogh is considered one of the greatest artists of all time, yet the poor guy only sold one painting the entire time he was alive: \"The Red Vineyard at Arles,\" which is now in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow.Even though he made no money, he still painted over 900 works of art.Though his persistence went unnoticed when he was alive, Van Gogh proves you don\'t need external validation to be proud of the work you create.

主题6：勇气

Malala Yousafzai (1997 – ) Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani school pupil and spokesperson for women‟s right to education.In retaliation for her high profile campaign for education and criticism of the Taliban, she was shot in the head at close range by a Taliban gunman.She survived the gunshot wound and has become a leading spokesperson for human rights, education and women‟s rights.In October, 2014, the Nobel committee awarded Malala the Nobel Peace Prize.Her increased profile and strident criticism of the Taliban caused Taliban leaders to meet, and in 2012, they voted to kill her.On 9 October, 2012, a masked gunman entered her school bus and asked “Which one of you is Malala? Speak up, otherwise I will shoot at you all.” Malala was identified and she was shot with a single bullet which went through her head, neck and shoulder.

Malala survived the initial shooting, but was in a critical condition.Her father was convinced she would die and told the village to prepare for her funeral.Her critical organs were failing and she developed an infection.In a coma, she was moved to a hospital in Rwalpindi.Later on the 15 October she was moved to Birmingham in the United Kingdom for further treatment at a specialist hospital for treating military injuries.A couple of days later, she came out of a coma and responded well to treatment.She was discharged on January 3, 2013 and moved with her family to a temporary home in the West Midlands.

主题7：勇敢

Joan of Arc (1412-1431)

At the time of Joan‟s childhood, France was seriously divided with a lack of national unity.In 1415 King Henry V of England invaded France and defeated the French army.Born in obscurity to a peasant family, Joan travelled to Charles, the uncrowned prince of France, advising him to reclaim his French throne and defeat the English.The 17 year old peasant girl was given control over an army and allowed to lead them into battle.Within a year Joan of Arc had led the French army to victories.Many towns were liberated from English control.She was later captured and burned at the stake for heresy.Joan of Arc embodied great bravery and humility, her life helped change the course of French history.

主题8：勤奋

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, ambaador, philosopher, statesmen, writer, busineman and celebrated free thinker and wit.Born into a large and poor family, Benjamin was brought up in the family busine of candle making and his brother‟s printing shop.Whenever he could Benjamin would take the opportunity to read and learn about a wide range of subjects, from Greek poems to modern science.Whilst co-workers would take a leisurely lunch break, Benjamin Franklin would pour over books from the bookshop.

主题9：奉献

Florence Nightingale (1820 – 1910) Born in 1820 into a wealthy family, Florence was educated at home by her father.She aspired to serve others.In particular she wanted to become a nurse.Her parents were opposed – at that time, nursing was not seen as an attractive or „respectable‟ profeion.Despite her parents‟ disapproval, Florence went ahead and trained to be a nurse.She volunteered to nurse soldiers during the Crimean War.She helped revolutionize the service of nursing and the treatment of patients.The efforts of Florence and her team of nurses were greatly appreciated by the wounded soldiers.

主题10：勇于探索

Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823)

Edward Jenner was an English doctor and the father of immunology.At his time, one of the most feared diseases was smallpox.At the time, there were no known treatments or vaccinations that could prevent it.Jenner was interested in testing a theory that inoculating humans with a strain of the cowpox virus could protect them from smallpox.In 1796, Jenner inoculated a young boy of 8 with cowpox blisters from the hand of a milkmaid who had caught cowpox.The boy contracted a mild fever, but, to Jenner‟s relief, when he gave him various materials, he proved resistant to smallpox.Thus, Jenner had provided a relatively safe way to immunize people from the deadly smallpox virus.

主题11：观察力

Percy Spencer (1894 – 1970) For instance, the microwave oven did not come about as a result of someone trying to find a better and faster way to cook.It is an accidental by-product of military research.In 1946, while working on the magnetron, a vacuum tube that produces microwaves, Dr.Percy Spencer noticed that radar waves had melted a candy bar in his pocket.Experiments showed that microwave heating could raise the internal temperature of many foods far more rapidly than a conventional oven.This accidental discovery led to the invention of microwave oven.

主题12：献身科学

Take Jane Goodall, the British primatologist and anthropologist, who is considered to be the world‟s foremost expert on chimpanzees.Goodall dedicated 38 years to the study of social and family life of wild chimpanzees in Tanzania.Her decades-long observation sheds new light on chimpanzees and challenged two long-standing beliefs: that only humans could construct and use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians.Today, Goodall devotes virtually all of her time to advocacy on behalf of chimpanzees and the environment, travelling nearly 300 days a year.

主题13：坚强意志

Abraham Lincoln (1809.2.12－1865.4.15) A good example is Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, who led the country through its Civil War.His will to win the war never flagged despite enormous battle casualties and much political opposition, a substantial amount of it coming from members of his cabinet and from among the Radical Republicans.Unswerving in his goal of restoring the Union, he eventually defeated the seceionists, reunited the nation, abolished slavery and strengthened the federal government.

主题14：坚强意志

Ludwig van Beethoven (17701973) Consider Bruce Lee, the late king of kung fu.In the long history of martial arts, what most martial artists did was to follow and imitate.Bruce Lee, however, didn‟t follow his predeceors blindly but did something new --- he added philosophy, western boxing and fencing to create a new form of martial arts: Jeet Kune Do, which is seen as his greatest contribution to martial arts.

主题19：敢于创新

Isadora Duncan (18781872) William Henry Seward, the U.S.Secretary of State, is a good example.On March 30, 1867, he completed negotiations with Ruia, which involved the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million, or approximately two cents per acre.The purchase was mocked by the public as “Seward‟s Folly”, “Seward‟s Icebox”, and Andrew Johnson‟s “polar bear garden”.When asked what he considered to be his greatest achievement as Secretary of State, Seward replied “The purchase of Alaska --- but it will take the people a generation to find it out.”

主题22：兴趣爱好

Walt Disney (1901 - 1966) Walt Disney is a good example.He used to sit and draw in his family garage when he was young.There, he met a mouse.The little creature interested him.He gave pieces of bread to him and they became friends.Later the little mouse appeared in his drawings, gained the name of Milky Mouse and became the most popular cartoon figure of the 20 Century.His words “I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing -– that it was all started by a mouse.” reminds us that the best idea comes from an intense interest in commonplace things.

主题23：自信

Paul Potts A good example is Paul Potts, the bad-luck singer, whose voice and experience has moved the whole world.Paul‟s interest in singing began when he was a child.He dreamed one day he could stand on the stage to sing, but his lack of self-esteem and fear of rejection prevented him from trying to make it profeionally.He worked as a shelf stacker in a supermarket and later a cell phone salesman in a small store, trying to make ends meet.He plucked up courage to enter Britain‟s Got Talent and became the overall winner of the show in 2007.Self-confidence turned the ugly duckling into a swan.

推荐第9篇：名人英语演讲稿3分钟

my chinese dream 我的中国梦 i am very glad to stand here to give thier a short speech.today my topic is that the youth are the future of motherland 很高兴站在这里做这篇短小的演讲，我演讲的主题是青年是祖国的未来。

在准备英语演讲比赛的时候，我本想简单地从网上搜索一些文章作为我演讲的内容。我看过很多文章，有著名主持人的、北大教授的、大学生的，也有初中生的。但是看完之后，我放弃了当初的想法，我甚至为当初的想法感到有一些羞愧。因为今天我站在这里向大家演讲的主题，是一个庄重而严肃的主题；是一个充满荣耀与自豪的主题；是每一个中华儿女共同期盼的主题。每个人都有属于他们自己的中国梦，而我，当然也有一直萦绕在心怀只属于我的中国梦。

so what?s my chinese dream ? finally i will announce. we had learned a lot of knowledge and understood a lot of truth in the book.we had a basic concept to our country at that time.we know that our country is full of sunshine , and we are the future of our country, and our dreams are to be the hope of our motherland. 我的中国梦是什么样的？先卖个关子。

记得刚刚上学那会儿，我们天真无邪。在课本里，我们学到了很多很多知识，也明白了很多很多道理，我们对祖国也有了一个最基本的概念。我们知道我们的祖国到处充满阳光，正在慢慢发展，而我们，就是祖国未来的花朵，未来的希望。我们梦想将来能够成为祖国的希望。

这，是我们最初的中国梦。最真诚的我们，最真诚的梦。

但是，不知道什么时候开始，我们长大了，生活似乎一下子变得和以前不太一样了，与此同时，虽然我们很不想承认但是却又不得不承认的是，我们的思想，我们的为人处世观，我们对我们祖国的看法，也潜移默化中慢慢开始了转变。我们的社会变得到处充满欺骗、冷漠、勾心斗角、压力、腐败、险恶，我们变得暴躁，不冷静，愤世嫉俗。我们的国家，似乎也开始变得千疮百孔。而好多我们亲爱的祖国委以重任培养的青年学生们变得轻浮、急躁，更别提什么梦想，什么中国梦了？ are we sick, or is our dear motherland sick? 我很惊讶，当大街上有老人摔倒，我们不敢再去扶起；我很难过，当有人做了好事被报道，更多的人说他做作；我很伤心，当我看到我们众多的青年人变得冷漠、市侩、欺诈以及缺乏理想。

到底是我们病了，还是我们亲爱的祖国病了？ i dont want to talk about the construction of our country politics, and also speak impaioned speech on the diaoyu island event .i just want to appeal young people,showing the side of youth,good and confidence.we must learn to organize our own thoughts, correct our own concept, and change our direction to the right side in future life.china dream actually lies in our young generation, especially of the intellectuals. 我的中国梦，不想大谈政治，也不想对钓鱼岛事件发表慷慨激昂的演讲。我只想呼吁，呼吁我们年轻人，呼吁我们祖国的希望能够将我们的青春一面，将我们的善良一面，将我们的自信一面好好展现出来。我们要学会整理自己的思想，端正自己看问题的观念，摆正自己的人生方向。我们的中国梦实际上正掌握在我们自己手上，掌握在我们年青一代，尤其是知识分子手上。也许，一个人，是渺小的；但是当他和祖国联系起来时，就是伟大的。也许，一个梦想，是渺小的，但是当它成为祖国的梦想时，就是不可估量的。也许，我无法用自己一个人的力量撬起整个中国，但是我们千千万万年轻人一起为祖国的梦想去奋斗时，我们的祖国就足以令世界颤抖、动容。 i dream to construct our beauty china with millions of young people who have the same dream.we do it without exaggeration but only with persistence. 我梦想和万千具有相同梦想的年轻人去建设我们的美丽中国，没有虚浮，只有执着，只有奋斗，只有勇于担当。这就是我的中国梦！ that is my speech,thanks everyone. 我的演讲就到这里，谢谢大家。 we are the world ,we are the future 世界是我们的，未来是我们的 someone said “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”.i don?t know who wrote these words, but i?ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be.we are all in the position of the farmers.if we plant a good seed ,we reap a good harvest.if we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all. 一些人说?我们正在读一本无穷的书中的第一章的第一节。?我不知道谁写了这些话，但是我一直很喜欢它，因为它提醒了我，我们能够创造我们想要的未来。 we are young.“how to spend the youth?” it is a meaningful question.to answer it, first i have to ask “what do you understand by the word youth?” youth is not a time of life, it?s a state of mind.it?s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees.it?s the matter of the will.it?s the freshne of the deep spring of life. 我们都是农夫。如果我们播下好的种子，我们将会丰收。如果我们的种子很差，有很多草籽，收割的将是无用的庄稼。如果我们什么也不播种，什么收获也没有。 youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite , for adventure over the love of ease.this often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 .nobody grows old merely by a number of years .we grow old by deserting our ideals.years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul .worry , fear , self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust . 我们是年轻的。?怎样度过青春??这是个有意义的问题。为了去回答它，我首先要问?从‘青春’这个词中你能理解到什么?? 青春不是人生的一个时期，而是精神的一种状态。青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，。青春是生命的深泉在涌流. whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being ?s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what?s next and the joy of the game of living .in the center of your heart and my heart there?s a wirele station : so long as it receives meages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young . a poet said “to see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.several days ago, i had a chance to listen to a lecture.i learnt a lot there.i?d like to share it with all of you.let?s show our right palms.we can see three lines that show how our love.career and life is.i have a short line of life.what about yours? i wondered whether we could see our future in this way.well, let?s make a fist.where is our future? where is our love, career, and life? tell me.yeah, it is in our hands.it is held in ourselves. 一位诗人说?从一粒沙看世界，从一朵花看天堂，把无限放在你的手掌，永恒在一刹那里收藏?。几天前，我有了一个听讲座的机会，从中我学到了很多东西。现在，我想把这些与大家共享。让我们伸出右手，我们可以看到手掌中的展示我们的爱，事业和生活的三条线。我在生活方面这条线很短，那你们的呢?我想知道我们是否可以用这种办法去看我们的未来。好的，让我们一起握拳。我们的未来在哪儿?我们的爱、事业和生活在哪儿?告诉我!是的，它们就在我们的手中。它们被我们自己掌握着。 we all want the future to be better than the past.but the future can go better itself.don?t cry because it is over, smile because it happened.from the past, we?ve learnt that the life is tough, but we are tougher.we?ve learnt that we can?t choose how we feel, but we can choose what篇2：名人英语演讲稿名人英语演讲稿 tribute to diana 致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞

推荐第10篇：世界名人英语介绍

My favorite celebrities___ Edison

英语综合实践活动一

Edison (1847~1931) Edison,Thomas Alva American inventor.To the creation of factory laboratories, technology development and to open up avenues of scientific research in close connection with the name lowered history.February 11, 1847 in the Ohio Mailan a Dutch immigrant family.October 18, 1931 in New Jersey Xiaolan in death.Produced only three months of formal education received.12-year-old has done Bao Tong, hawkers, Rapporteur, to fend for themselves.Because M.

Faraday effect in life science research experiments and inventions.In 1868 he invented a recording device to sell to Taiwan votes Congre, but has not been used.Edison first invented so that he did not find the market more attention to the relevance of the

invention.1869, Edison moved to New York from Boston.He improved the indicators cable companies telegraph, the recognition by the manager of the company, employed 300 US dollars monthly salary (which at the time was very high salary).1870, moved to New Jersey to begin his efficient invention period.1874 improved typewriters.1876, to the latter.Bell invented the telephone with a carbon Reap route, and raised the words beep.1876, founded his famous laboratory.In the laboratory, he broke the previous individual scientists to engage in research tradition, organized a group of profeionals (including N.Tesla and others), and the subject of his aignment, a common

commitment to the invention, thus creating the correct way to modern scientific research.1877, invented gramophone, which makes him original.1878, the study began

incandescent lamp in the 10 months after many failures, October 21, 1879 in the

succeful location of incandescence light lights carbon silk, stable location between two days.1882, in New York pearl Street Block communal fire was the world\'s second plant, built in New York Urban Electric lighting, a modern electricity system to take shape.Mar lighting achievement has not only greatly improved the working conditions of production, but also herald an era of daily life electrification forthcoming.1883, Edison bulbs in a vacuum test, accidentally discovered the cold, there is a current hot electrode.This phenomenon was called the Edison effect, become electron tube and electronic

industries.1887, from Xiaolan government, and in the same year in a larger city, the

laboratory equipment is also updated the famous Edison Laboratory (later known as the invention factory).Here, according to G.School invention, produced its own camera.1914, by Gramophone and camera film produced by the first audio system.Old age, his inventions and innovations including batteries, cement mixer, sound recording telephone, double - and multi-type cable system, railways used brakes.First World War, he served as Chairman of the Technical Advisory Committee to guide torpedoes and

anti-submarine equipment research, invented dozens of weapons.To this end, the

United States government in 1920 conferred on him the Distinguished Services Medal serving, the French government awarded honorary medals to his Corps spaces.1928, the United States Congre to grant him honorary medals.

活动设计：***

2010.12.28

My favorite celebrities___ Albert Einstein

英语综合实践活动一

Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany – April 18, 1955 in

Princeton, New Jersey) was a theoretical physicist.He was the formulator of the special and general theories of relativity.In addition, he made significant contributions to

quantum theory and statistical mechanics.While best known for the Theory of Relativity (and specifically ma-energy equivalence, E=mc2), he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 (his \"wonderful year\" or \"miraculous year\") and \"for his services to Theoretical Physics\".For his many contributions, Einstein is widely regarded as one of the greatest physicists who ever lived.In popular culture, the name \"Einstein\" has become synonymous with great intelligence and genius.

Thomas Edison lost his first job.For the next five years he went around the country from job to job.At last Edison went to New York.He had little money.He could not buy enough food to eat.He had no place to sleep.

For many days Edison looked for work.He was hungry.At last he found work fixing machines.He could fix the old machines.He also made new ones.The headman liked Edisons new machines.He was going to give Edison ＄40,000 for them.Edison would now have money to do what he wanted.

Thomas Edison was then 23.He used the money to build a shop in New Jersey.He had many people working for him.But he worked more than any of them.He rested very little.Soon he was making more than 40 new things at one time.

In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell made a telephone.But it could carry voices only a little way.Edison wanted to make a better telephone.He soon made one.It could carry voices a long way

Sometimes one pays most for the things one

gets for nothing.

有时候一个人为不花钱得到的东西付出的代价最高。

－Albert Einstein（美国科学家爱因斯坦）

活动设计： ***

2010.12.28

My favorite celebrities___ Bill Gates

英语综合实践活动一

Bill Gates is the head of the software company Microsoft and one of the world\'s

wealthiest men.Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in the 1970s, though Allen left the company in 1983.Gates oversaw the invention and marketing of the MS-DOS

operating system, the Windows operating interface, the Internet Explorer browser, and a multitude of other popular computer products.Along the way he gained a reputation for fierce competitivene and aggreive busine savvy.During the 1990s rising Microsoft stock prices made Gates the world\'s wealthiest man; his wealth has at times exceeded $75 billion, making Gates a popular symbol of the ascendant computer geek of the late 20th century.

Extra credit: Gates married Melinda French, a Microsoft employee, on 1 January 1994.The couple have three children: daughters Jennifer Katharine (b.1996) and Phoebe

Adele (b.2002) and son Rory John (b.1999)...Gates\'s personal chartiable initiative, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, has focused on global health iues, especially on preventing malaria and AIDS in poor countries; in 2005, ABC News reported that he had given away over six billion dollars in the previous five years.

The world won\"t care about your self-esteem.The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself.

这世界并不会在意你的自尊。这世界指望你在自我感觉良好之前先要有所成就

Be nice to nerds.Chances are you\"ll end up working for one.

善待乏味的人。有可能到头来你会为一个乏味的人工作。

Life is not divided into semesters.You don\"t get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself.Do that on your own time.

生活不分学期。你并没有暑假可以休息，也没有几位雇主乐于帮你发现自我。自己找时间做吧

————Bill Gates比尔·盖茨

活动设计： ***

2010.12.28

第11篇：英语介绍名人比尔盖茨

Bill Gates(比尔·盖茨）

Bill Gates was born on Oct, 28 in 1955 and grew up in Seattle with his two sisters.His father was a lawyer and his mother was a teacher.Bill Gates had his elementary school and high school education is Seattle.And it was during that time Bill founded that his interests lying in writing programs and began to write programs at 13.

In 1973, Bill Gates was matriculated by Harvard but he quitted from Harvard three years later.He put all his time and energy into designing programs for Microsoft Cooperation which established in 1975 by Bill and his friend Paul Allen.

Owing to Bill’s talent and efforts, Microsoft developed rapidly and its software won more and more reputations among the publics.

What’s more, Bill is also committed to philanthropy.So far, he has donated more than 29 billion dollars to establish a fund to support medical security and education careers in the world.

Bill Gates married Melinda French Gates on Jan, 1st in 1994.They have three children .In the spare time, Bill has paion in reading books and playing golf.

比尔·盖茨(比尔·盖茨)

比尔盖茨出生在10月28日和1955年在西雅图长大和他的两个姐妹。他的父亲是一位律师,他的母亲是一名教师。比尔盖茨有他的小学和中学教育是西雅图。,这是在这段时间里,他的利益的法案成立躺在写程序,开始编写程序在13。

1973年,比尔盖茨考上了哈佛大学,但他离开哈佛大学三年后。他把他所有的时间和精力投入到设计程序对微软合作,成立于1975年由比尔和他的朋友保罗艾伦。

由于比尔的天赋和努力,微软发展迅速,其软件赢得了越来越多的声誉在公众。

更重要的是,比尔也致力于慈善事业。到目前为止,他已经捐赠了超过290亿美元来建立一个基金来支持医疗保障和教育事业在世界。

比尔盖茨结婚了梅林达法国盖茨1月1日1994年。他们有三个孩子。在业余时间,比尔有激情在看书和打高尔夫球。

Thomas Edison was a famous American scientist.He was born in 1847.When he was a child, he liked to find out how things worked.He was in school for only three months.He asked his teacher a lot of strange questions.Most of them had nothing to do with his leons.The teacher thought the boy was not bright and was not worth teaching.When he told this to Edisons mother,she took her son out of school.As she had been a teacher,she taught him herself.The boy read a lot.Soon he became very interested in science.At the age of ten, Edison had already built a chemistry lab for himself.Ever since then, he never stopped searching for new and better ways to do things.

Thomas Edison was born on February 11, 1847 and died on October 18, 1931.H

e was an inventor and busineman who developed many important devices.

Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors, holding a record 1,093 patents in his name.

Most of these inventions were not completely original but improvements of earlier patents, and were actually works of his numerous employees.

Neverthele, Edison received patents worldwide, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany.Edison started the Motion Picture Patents Company, which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios.

托马斯·爱迪生是一个著名的美国科学家。他生于1847年。当他还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢发现事物如何运作。他只在学校读了三个月。他问他的老师很多奇怪的问题。他们中的大多数和他的功课无关。老师认为这个男孩是不亮和不值得教学。当他告诉这爱迪生年代的母亲,她带她的儿子离开学校。她是一个老师,她教会了他自己。这个男孩读了很多。很快他就变得非常对科学感兴趣。在他10岁的时候,爱迪生已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。从那时起,他从未停止过寻找新的和更好的做事方法。

爱迪生出生在1847年2月11日,死于1931年10月18日。他是一位发明家和商人发达许多重要设备。爱迪生被认为是最多产的发明家之一,共有1093项专利的名字。

大多数的这些发明都不是原创,但早期的改进专利,实际上是他的众多员工的作品。

然而,爱迪生收到专利在世界范围内,包括美国、英国、法国和德国。爱迪生开始电影专利公司,这是一个集团的九个主要电影制片厂。

第12篇：6世界名人英语演讲词

Dare to Compete, Dare to Care

Dare to compete.Dare to care.Dare to dream.Dare to love.Practice the art of making poible.And no matter what happens, even if you hear shouts behind, keep going.

It is such an honor and pleasure for me to be back at Yale, especially on the occasion of the 300th anniversary.I have had so many memories of my time here, and as Nick was speaking I thought about how I ended up at Yale Law School.And it tells a little bit about how much progre we‘ve made.

What I think most about when I think of Yale is not just the politically charged atmosphere and not even just the superb legal education that I received.It was at Yale that I began work that has been at the core of what I have cared about ever since.I began working with New Haven legal services representing children.And I studied child development, abuse and neglect at the Yale New Haven Hospital and the Child Study Center.I was lucky enough to receive a civil rights internship with Marian Wright Edelman at the Children‘s Defense Fund, where I went to work after I graduated.Those experiences fueled in me a paion to work for the benefit of children, particularly the most vulnerable.

Now, looking back, there is no way that I could have predicted what path my life would have taken.I didn‘t sit around the law school, saying, well, you know, I think I‘ll graduate and then I‘ll go to work at the Children‘s Defense Fund, and then the impeachment inquiry, and Nixon retired or resigns, I‘ll go to Arkansas.I didn‘t think like that.I was taking each day at a time.

But, I‘ve been very fortunate because I‘ve always had an idea in my mind about what I thought was important and what gave my life meaning and purpose.A set of values and beliefs that have helped me navigate the shoals, the sometimes very treacherous sea, to illuminate my own true desires, despite that others say about what l should care about and believe in.A paion to succeed at what l thought was important and children have always provided that lone star, that guiding light.Because l have that absolute conviction that every child, especially in this, the most bleed of nations that has ever existed on the face of earth, that every child deserves the opportunity to live up to his or her God-given potential.

But you know that belief and conviction-it may make for a personal miion statement, but standing alone, not translated into action, it means very little to anyone else, particularly to those for whom you have those concerns.

When I was thinking about running for the United States Senate-which was such an enormous decision to make, one I never could have dreamed that I would have been making when I was here on campus-I visited a school in New York City and I met a young woman, who was a star athlete.

I was there because of Billy Jean King promoting an HBO special about women in sports called ―Dare to compete.‖ It was about Title IX and how we finally, thanks to government action, provided opportunities to girls and women in sports.

Senate.And I was congratulating her on the speech she had just made and she held onto my hand and she said, ―Dare to compete, Mrs.Clinton.Dare to compete.‖

I took that to heart because it is hard to compete sometimes, especially in public ways, when your failures are there for everyone to see and you don‘t know what is going to happen from one day to the next.And yet so much of life, whether we like to accept it or not, is competing with ourselves to be the best we can be, being involved in claes or profeions or just life, where we know we are competing with others.

I took her advice and I did compete because I chose to do so.And the biggest choices that you‘ll face in your life will be yours alone to make.I‘m sure you‘ll receive good advice.You‘re got a great education to go back and reflect about what is right for you, but you eventually will have to choose and I hope that you will dare to compete.And by that I don‘t mean the kind of cutthroat competition that is too often characterized by what is driving America today.I mean the small voice inside you that says to you, you can do it, you can take this risk, you can take this next step.

And it doesn‘t mean that once having made that choice you will always succeed.In fact, you won‘t.There are setbacks and you will experience difficult disappointments.You will be slowed down and sometimes the breath will just be knocked out of you.But if you carry with you the values and beliefs that you can make a difference in your own life, first and foremost, and then in the lives of others.You can get back up, you can keep going.

But it is also important, as I have found, not to take yourself too seriously, because after all, every one of us here today, none of us is deserving of full credit.I think every day of the bleings my birth gave me without any doing of my own.I chose neither my family nor my country, but they as much as anything I‘ve ever done, determined my course.

You compare my or your circumstances with those of the majority of people who‘ve ever lived or who are living right now, they too often are born knowing too well what their futures will be.They lack the freedom to choose their life‘s path.They‘re imprisoned by circumstances of poverty and ignorance, bigotry, disease, hunger, oppreion and war.

So, dare to compete, yes, but maybe even more difficult, dare to care.Dare to care about people who need our help to succeed and fulfill their own lives.There are so many out there and sometimes all it takes is the simplest of gestures or helping hands and many of you understand that already.I know that the numbers of graduates in the last 20 years have worked in community organizations, have tutored, have committed themselves to religious activities.

You have been there trying to serve because you have believed both that it was the right thing to do and because it gave something back to you.You have dared to care.

Well, dare to care to fight for equal justice for all, for equal pay for women, against hate crimes and bigotry.Dare to care about public schools without qualified teachers or adequate resources.Dare to care about protecting our environment.Dare to care about the 10 million children in our country who lack health insurance.Dare to care about the one and a half million children who have a parent in jail.The seven million people who suffer from HIV/AIDS.And thank you for caring enough to demand

that our nation do more to help those that are suffering throughout this world with HIV/AIDS, to prevent this pandemic from spreading even further.

And I‘ll also add, dare enough to care about our political proce.You know, as I go and speak with students I‘m impreed so much, not only in formal settings, on campuses, but with my daughter and her friends, about how much you care, about how willing you are to volunteer and serve.You may have mied the last wave of the dot.com revolution, but you‘ve understood that the dot.community revolution is there for you every single day.And you‘ve been willing to be part of remarking lives in our community.

And yet, there is a real resistance, a turning away from the political proce.I hope that some of you will be public servants and will even run for office yourself, not to win a position to make and impreion on your friends at your 20th reunion, but because you understand how important it is for each of us as citizens to make a commitment to our democracy.

Your generation, the first one born after the social upheavals of the 60‘s and 70‘s, in the midst of the technological advances of the 80‘s and 90‘s, are inheriting an economy, a society and a government that has yet to understand fully, or even come to grips with, our rapidly changing world.

And so bring your values and experiences and insights into politics.Dare to help make, not just a difference in politics, but create a different politics.Some have called you the generation of choice.You‘ve been raised with multiple choice tests, multiple channels, multiple websites and multiple lifestyles.You‘ve grown up choosing among alternatives that were either not imagined, created or available to people in prior generations.

You‘ve been invested with far more personal power to customize your life, to make more free choices about how to live than was ever thought poible.And I think as I look at all the surveys and research that is done, your choices reflect not only freedom, but personal responsibility.

The social indicators, not the headlines, the social indicators tell a positive story: drug use and cheating and arrests being down, been pregnancy and suicides, drunk driving deaths being down.Community service and religious involvement being up.But if you look at the area of voting among 18 to 29 year olds, the numbers tell a far more troubling tale.Many of you I know believe that service and community volunteerism is a better way of solving the iues facing our country than political engagement, because you believe-choose one of the following multiples or choose them all-government either can‘t understand or won‘t make the right choices because of political preures, inefficiency, incompetence or big money influence.

Well, I admit there is enough truth in that critique to justify feeling disconnected and alienated.But at bottom, that‘s a personal cop-out and a national peril.Political conditions maximize the conditions for individual opportunity and responsibility as well as community.Americorps and the Peace Corps exist because of political decisions.Our air, water, land and food will be clean and safe because of political choices.Our ability to cure disease or log onto the Internet have been advanced because of politically determined investments.Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo ended because of political leadership.Your parents and grandparents traveled here by means of government built and subsidized transportation systems.Many used GI Bills or government loans, as I did, to attend college.

Now, I could, as you might gue, go on and on, but the point is to remind us all that government is us and each generation has to stake its claim.And, as stakeholders, you will have to decide whether or not to make the choice to participate.It is hard and it is, bringing change in a democracy, particularly now.There‘s so much about our modern times that conspire to lower our sights, to weaken our vision-as individuals and communities and even nations.

It is not the vast conspiracy you may have heard about; rather it‘s a silent conspiracy of cynicism and indifference and alienation that we see every day, in our popular culture and in our prodigious consumerism.

But as many have said before and as Vaclav Havel has said to memorably, ―It cannot suffice just to invent new machines, new regulations and new institutions.It is neceary to understand differently and more perfectly the true purpose of our existence on this Earth and of our deeds.‖ And I think we are called on to reject, in this time of bleings that we enjoy, those who will tear us apart and tear us down and instead to liberate our God-given spirit, by being willing to dare to dream of a better world.

During my campaign, when times were tough and days were long I used to think about the example of Harriet Tubman, a heroic New Yorker, a 19th century Moses, who risked her life to bring hundreds of slaves to freedom.She would say to those who she gathered up in the South where she kept going back year after year from the safety of Auburn, New York, that no matter what happens, they had to keep going.If they heard shouts behind them, they had to keep going.If they heard gunfire or dogs, they had to keep going to freedom.Well, those aren‘t the risks we face.It is more the silence and apathy and indifference that dogs our heels.

Thirty-two years ago, I spoke at my own graduation from Wellesley, where I did call on my fellow clamates to reject the notion of limitations on our ability to effect change and instead to embrace the idea that the goal of education should be human liberation and the freedom to practice with all the skill of our being the art of making poible.

For after all, our fate is to be free.To choose competition over apathy, caring over indifference, vision over myopia, and love over hate.

Just as this is a special time in your lives, it is for me as well because my daughter will be graduating in four weeks, graduating also from a wonderful place with a great education and beginning a new life.And as I think about all the parents and grandparents who are out there, I have a sense of what their feeling.Their hearts are leaping with joy, but it‘s hard to keep tears in check because the presence of our children at a time and place such as this is really a fulfillment of our own American dreams.Well, I applaud you and all of your love, commitment and hard work, just as I applaud your daughters and sons for theirs.

And I leave these graduates with the same meage I hope to leave with my graduate.Dare to compete.Dare to care.Dare to dream.Dare to love.Practice the art of making poible.And no matter what happens, even if you hear shouts behind, keep going.

Thank you and God ble you all.

一、Martin Luther King, Jr.

\"I Have a Dream\" I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.And so we\'ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.In a sense we\'ve come to our nation\'s capital to cash a check.When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promiory note to which every American was to fall heir.This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the \"unalienable Rights\" of \"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happine.\" It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promiory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked \"insufficient funds.\" But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.And so, we\'ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now.This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice.Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God\'s children.It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment.This sweltering summer of the Negro\'s legitimate discontent will not pa until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to busine as usual.And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the proce of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds.Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterne and hatred.We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence.Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.And they have come to realize that their

freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.We cannot turn back.There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, \"When will you be satisfied?\" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality.We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.*We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro\'s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one.We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by a sign stating: \"For Whites Only.\"* We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Miiippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until \"justice rolls down like waters, and righteousne like a mighty stream.\"¹

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations.Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells.And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.You have been the veterans of creative suffering.Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.Go back to Miiippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: \"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.\" I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Miiippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppreion, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of \"interposition\" and \"nullification\" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; \"and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.\"²

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God\'s children will be able to sing with new

meaning: My country \'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim\'s pride, From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tenneee.Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Miiippi.From every mountainside, let freedom ring.And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God\'s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!³

二、John F.Kennedy Inaugural Addre Vice President Johnson, Mr.Speaker, Mr.Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens: We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at iue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been paed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witne or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to aure the survival and the succe of liberty.This much we pledge -- and more.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of

colonial control shall not have paed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of ma misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required -- not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progre, to aist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggreion or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To that world aembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support -- to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.We dare not tempt them with weakne.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course -- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind\'s final war.So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakne, and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to \"undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppreed go free.\"¹

And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final succe or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the

globe.Now the trumpet summons us again -- not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, \"rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation,\"² a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can aure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it.And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His bleing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God\'s work must truly be our own.

三、Franklin Delano Roosevelt

First Inaugural Addre President Hoover, Mr.Chief Justice, my friends:

This is a day of national consecration.And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will addre them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me aert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- namele, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankne and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is eential to victory.And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties.They concern, thank God, only material things.Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone.More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return.Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.And yet our distre comes from no failure of substance.We are stricken by no plague of locusts.Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for.Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it.Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind\'s goods have failed, through their own

stubbornne and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated.Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.True, they have tried.But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition.Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money.Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence.They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers.They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.Happine lies not in the mere poeion of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits.These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of succe goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in busine which too often has given to a sacred trust the likene of callous and selfish wrongdoing.Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredne of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.This Nation is asking for action, and action now.Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously.It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing lo through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms.It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, the State, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced.It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal.It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character.There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.We must act.We must act quickly.And finally, in our progre towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order.There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments.There must be an end to speculation with other people\'s money.And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

These, my friends, are the lines of attack.I shall presently urge upon a new Congre in special seion detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate aistance of the 48 States.Through this program of action we addre ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo.Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and neceity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy.I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first.I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.It is the way to recovery.It is the immediate way.It is the strongest aurance that recovery will endure.In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progre can be made, no leadership becomes effective.We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes poible a leadership which aims at the larger good.This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.With this pledge taken, I aume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors.Our Constitution is so simple, so practical that it is poible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without lo of eential form.That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.It has met every stre of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us.But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require.These measures, or such other measures as the Congre may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.But, in the event that the Congre shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me.I shall ask the Congre for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time.I can do no le.We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousne of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the aurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the -- the future of eential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.They have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift I take it.In this dedication -- In this dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the bleing of God. May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.

四、Barbara Charline Jordan 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Addre Thank you ladies and gentlemen for a very warm reception.It was one hundred and forty-four years ago that members of the Democratic Party first met in convention to select a Presidential candidate.Since that time, Democrats have continued to convene once every four years and draft a party platform and nominate a Presidential candidate.And our meeting this week is a continuation of that tradition.But there is something different about tonight.There is something special about tonight.What is different? What is special? I, Barbara Jordan, am a keynote speaker.When -- A lot of years paed since 1832, and during that time it would have been most unusual for any national political party to ask a Barbara Jordan to deliver a keynote addre.But tonight, here I am.And I feel -- I feel that notwithstanding the past that my presence here is one additional bit of evidence that the American Dream need not forever be deferred.Now -- Now that I have this grand distinction, what in the world am I supposed to say? I could easily spend this time praising the accomplishments of this party and attacking the Republicans -- but I don\'t choose to do that.I could list the many problems which Americans have.I could list the problems which cause people to feel cynical, angry, frustrated: problems which include lack of integrity in government; the feeling that the individual no longer counts; the reality of material and spiritual poverty; the feeling that the grand American experiment is failing or has failed.I could recite these problems, and then I could sit down and offer no solutions.But I don\'t choose to do that either.The citizens of America expect more.They deserve and they want more than a recital of problems.We are a people in a quandary about the present.We are a people in search of our future.We are a people in search of a national community.We are a people trying not only to solve the problems of the present, unemployment, inflation, but we are attempting on a larger scale to fulfill the promise of America.We are attempting to fulfill our national purpose, to create and sustain a society in which all of us are equal.Throughout -- Throughout our history, when people have looked for new ways to solve their problems and to uphold the principles of this nation, many times they have turned to political parties.They have often turned to the Democratic Party.What is it? What is it about the Democratic Party that makes it the instrument the people use when they search for ways to shape their future? Well I believe the answer to that question lies in our concept of governing.Our concept of governing is derived from our

view of people.It is a concept deeply rooted in a set of beliefs firmly etched in the national conscience of all of us.Now what are these beliefs? First, we believe in equality for all and privileges for none.This is a belief -- This is a belief that each American, regardle of background, has equal standing in the public forum -- all of us.Because -- Because we believe this idea so firmly, we are an inclusive rather than an exclusive party.Let everybody come.I think it no accident that most of those immigrating to America in the 19th century identified with the Democratic Party.We are a heterogeneous party made up of Americans of diverse backgrounds.We believe that the people are the source of all governmental power; that the authority of the people is to be extended, not restricted.This -- This can be accomplished only by providing each citizen with every opportunity to participate in the management of the government.They must have that, we believe.We believe that the government which represents the authority of all the people, not just one interest group, but all the people, has an obligation to actively -- underscore actively -- seek to remove those obstacles which would block individual achievement -- obstacles emanating from race, sex, economic condition.The government must remove them, seek to remove them.We.We are a party -- We are a party of innovation.We do not reject our traditions, but we are willing to adapt to changing circumstances, when change we must.We are willing to suffer the discomfort of change in order to achieve a better future.We have a positive vision of the future founded on the belief that the gap between the promise and reality of America can one day be finally closed.We believe that.This, my friends is the bedrock of our concept of governing.This is a part of the reason why Americans have turned to the Democratic Party.These are the foundations upon which a national community can be built.Let all understand that these guiding principles cannot be discarded for short-term political gains.They represent what this country is all about.They are indigenous to the American idea.And these are principles which are not negotiable.In other times -- In other times, I could stand here and give this kind of exposition on the beliefs of the Democratic Party and that would be enough.But today that is not enough.People want more.That is not sufficient reason for the majority of the people of this country to decide to vote Democratic.We have made mistakes.We realize that.We admit our mistakes.In our haste to do all things for all people, we did not foresee the full consequences of our actions.And when the people raised their voices, we didn\'t hear.But our deafne was only a temporary condition, and not an irreversible condition.Even as I stand here and admit that we have made mistakes, I still believe that as the people of America sit in judgment on each party, they will recognize that our mistakes were mistakes of the heart.They\'ll recognize that.And now -- now we must look to the future.Let us heed the voice of the people and recognize their common sense.If we do not, we not only blaspheme our political heritage, we ignore the common ties that bind all Americans.Many fear the future.Many are distrustful of their leaders, and believe that their voices are never heard.Many seek only to satisfy their private work -- wants; to satisfy their private interests.But this is the great danger America faces -- that we will cease to be one nation and become instead a collection of interest groups: city against suburb, region against region, individual against individual; each seeking to satisfy private wants.If that happens, who then will speak for America? Who then will speak for the common good? This is the question which must be answered in 1976: Are we to be one people bound together by common spirit, sharing in a common endeavor; or will we become a divided nation? For all of its uncertainty, we cannot flee the future.We must not become the \"New Puritans\" and reject our society.We must addre and master the future together.It can be done if we restore the belief that we share a

sense of national community, that we share a common national endeavor.It can be done.There is no executive order; there is no law that can require the American people to form a national community.This we must do as individuals, and if we do it as individuals, there is no President of the United States who can veto that decision.As a first step -- As a first step, we must restore our belief in ourselves.We are a generous people, so why can\'t we be generous with each other? We need to take to heart the words spoken by Thomas Jefferson: Let us restore the social intercourse -- \"Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and that affection without which liberty and even life are but dreary things.\" A nation is formed by the willingne of each of us to share in the responsibility for upholding the common good.A government is invigorated when each one of us is willing to participate in shaping the future of this nation.In this election year, we must define the \"common good\" and begin again to shape a common future.Let each person do his or her part.If one citizen is unwilling to participate, all of us are going to suffer.For the American idea, though it is shared by all of us, is realized in each one of us.And now, what are those of us who are elected public officials supposed to do? We call ourselves \"public servants\" but I\'ll tell you this: We as public servants must set an example for the rest of the nation.It is hypocritical for the public official to admonish and exhort the people to uphold the common good if we are derelict in upholding the common good.More is required -- More is required of public officials than slogans and handshakes and pre releases.More is required.We must hold ourselves strictly accountable.We must provide the people with a vision of the future.If we promise as public officials, we must deliver.If -- If we as public officials propose, we must produce.If we say to the American people, \"It is time for you to be sacrificial\" -- sacrifice.If the public official says that, we [public officials] must be the first to give.We must be.And again, if we make mistakes, we must be willing to admit them.We have to do that.What we have to do is strike a balance between the idea that government should do everything and the idea, the belief, that government ought to do nothing.Strike a balance.Let there be no illusions about the difficulty of forming this kind of a national community.It\'s tough, difficult, not easy.But a spirit of harmony will survive in America only if each of us remembers that we share a common destiny; if each of us remembers, when self-interest and bitterne seem to prevail, that we share a common destiny.I have confidence that we can form this kind of national community.I have confidence that the Democratic Party can lead the way.I have that confidence.We cannot improve on the system of government handed down to us by the founders of the Republic.There is no way to improve upon that.But what we can do is to find new ways to implement that system and realize our destiny.Now I began this speech by commenting to you on the uniquene of a Barbara Jordan making a keynote addre.Well I am going to close my speech by quoting a Republican President and I ask you that as you listen to these words of Abraham Lincoln, relate them to the concept of a national community in which every last one of us participates: \"As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master.\" This -- This -- \"This exprees my idea of Democracy.Whatever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is no Democracy.\" Thank you.

五、Richard M.Nixon

\"Checkers\" My Fellow Americans,

I come before you tonight as a candidate for the Vice Presidency and as a man whose honesty and integrity has been questioned.Now, the usual political thing to do when charges are made against you is to either ignore them or to deny them without giving details.I believe we\'ve had enough of that in the United States, particularly with the present Administration in Washington, D.C.To me the office of the Vice Presidency of the United States is a great office, and I feel that the people have got to have confidence in the integrity of the men who run for that office and who might obtain it.I have a theory, too, that the best and only answer to a smear or to an honest misunderstanding of the facts is to tell the truth.And that\'s why I\'m here tonight.I want to tell you my side of the case.I\'m sure that you have read the charge, and you\'ve heard it, that I, Senator Nixon, took 18,000 dollars from a group of my supporters.Now, was that wrong? And let me say that it was wrong.I\'m saying, incidentally, that it was wrong, not just illegal, because it isn\'t a question of whether it was legal or illegal, that isn\'t enough.The question is, was it morally wrong? I say that it was morally wrong -- if any of that 18,000 dollars went to Senator Nixon, for my personal use.I say that it was morally wrong if it was secretly given and secretly handled.And I say that it was morally wrong if any of the contributors got special favors for the contributions that they made.And now to answer those questions let me say this: Not one cent of the 18,000 dollars or any other money of that type ever went to me for my personal use.Every penny of it was used to pay for political expenses that I did not think should be charged to the taxpayers of the United States. It was not a secret fund.As a matter of fact, when I was on \"Meet the Pre\" -- some of you may have seen it last Sunday -- Peter Edson came up to me after the program, and he said, \"Dick, what about this \"fund\" we hear about?\" And I said, \"Well, there\'s no secret about it.Go out and see Dana Smith who was the administrator of the fund.\" And I gave him [Edson] his [Smith\'s] addre.And I said you will find that the purpose of the fund simply was to defray political expenses that I did not feel should be charged to the Government.And third, let me point out -- and I want to make this particularly clear -- that no contributor to this fund, no contributor to any of my campaigns, has ever received any consideration that he would not have received as an ordinary constituent.I just don\'t believe in that, and I can say that never, while I have been in the Senate of the United States, as far as the people that contributed to this fund are concerned, have I made a telephone call for them to an agency, or have I gone down to an agency in their behalf.And the records will show that, the records which are in the hands of the administration.Well, then, some of you will say, and rightly, \"Well, what did you use the fund for, Senator?\" \"Why did you have to have it?\" Let me tell you in just a word how a Senate office operates.First of all, a Senator gets 15,000 dollars a year in salary.He gets enough money to pay for one trip a year -- a round trip, that is -- for himself and his family between his home and Washington, D.C.And then he gets an allowance to handle the people that work in his office to handle his mail.And the allowance for my State of California is enough to hire 13 people.And let me say, incidentally, that that allowance is not paid to the Senator.It\'s paid directly to the individuals that the Senator puts on his pay roll.But all of these people and all of these allowances are for strictly official busine; busine, for example, when a constituent writes in and wants you to go down to the Veteran\'s Administration and get some information about his GI policy -- items of that type, for example.But there are other expenses which

are not covered by the Government.And I think I can best discu those expenses by asking you some questions.Do you think that when I or any other Senator makes a political speech, has it printed, should charge the printing of that speech and the mailing of that speech to the taxpayers? Do you think, for example, when I or any other Senator makes a trip to his home State to make a purely political speech that the cost of that trip should be charged to the taxpayers? Do you think when a Senator makes political broadcasts or political television broadcasts, radio or television, that the expense of those broadcasts should be charged to the taxpayers? Well I know what your answer is.It\'s the same answer that audiences give me whenever I discu this particular problem: The answer is no.The taxpayers shouldn\'t be required to finance items which are not official busine but which are primarily political busine.Well, then the question arises, you say, \"Well, how do you pay for these and how can you do it legally?\" And there are several ways that it can be done, incidentally, and that it is done legally in the United States Senate and in the Congre.The first way is to be a rich man.I don\'t happen to be a rich man, so I couldn\'t use that one.Another way that is used is to put your wife on the pay roll.Let me say, incidentally, that my opponent, my opposite number for the Vice Presidency on the Democratic ticket, does have his wife on the pay roll and has had it -- her on his pay roll for the ten years -- for the past ten years.Now just let me say this: That\'s his busine, and I\'m not critical of him for doing that.You will have to pa judgment on that particular point.But I have never done that for this reason: I have found that there are so many deserving stenographers and secretaries in Washington that needed the work that I just didn\'t feel it was right to put my wife on the pay roll.

My wife\'s sitting over here.She\'s a wonderful stenographer.She used to teach stenography and she used to teach shorthand in high school.That was when I met her.And I can tell you folks that she\'s worked many hours at night and many hours on Saturdays and Sundays in my office, and she\'s done a fine job, and I am proud to say tonight that in the six years I\'ve been in the House and the Senate of the United States, Pat Nixon has never been on the Government pay roll.What are other ways that these finances can be taken care of? Some who are lawyers, and I happen to be a lawyer, continue to practice law, but I haven\'t been able to do that.I\'m so far away from California that I\'ve been so busy with my senatorial work that I have not engaged in any legal practice.And, also, as far as law practice is concerned, it seemed to me that the relationship between an attorney and the client was so personal that you couldn\'t poibly represent a man as an attorney and then have an unbiased view when he presented his case to you in the event that he had one before Government.And so I felt that the best way to handle these neceary political expenses of getting my meage to the American people and the speeches I made -- the speeches that I had printed for the most part concerned this one meage of exposing this Administration, the Communism in it, the corruption in it -- the only way that I could do that was to accept the aid which people in my home State of California, who contributed to my campaign and who continued to make these contributions after I was elected, were glad to make.And let me say I\'m proud of the fact that not one of them has ever asked me for a special favor.I\'m proud of the fact that not one of them has ever asked me to vote on a bill other than of my own conscience would dictate.And I am proud of the fact that the taxpayers, by subterfuge or otherwise, have never paid one dime for expenses which I thought were political and shouldn\'t be charged to the taxpayers.Let me say, incidentally, that some of you may say, \"Well, that\'s all right, Senator, that\'s your

explanation, but have you got any proof?\" And I\'d like to tell you this evening that just an hour ago we received an independent audit of this entire fund.I suggested to Governor Sherman Adams, who is the Chief of Staff of the Dwight Eisenhower campaign, that an independent audit and legal report be obtained, and I have that audit here in my hands.It\'s an audit made by the Price Waterhouse & Company firm, and the legal opinion by Gibson, Dunn, & Crutcher, lawyers in Los Angeles, the biggest law firm, and incidentally, one of the best ones in Los Angeles.I am proud to be able to report to you tonight that this audit and this legal opinion is being forwarded to General Eisenhower.And I\'d like to read to you the opinion that was prepared by Gibson, Dunn, & Crutcher, and based on all the pertinent laws and statutes, together with the audit report prepared by the certified public accountants.Quote: It is our conclusion that Senator Nixon did not obtain any financial gain from the collection and disbursement of the fund by Dana Smith; that Senator Nixon did not violate any federal or state law by reason of the operation of the fund; and that neither the portion of the fund paid by Dana Smith directly to third persons, nor the portion paid to Senator Nixon, to reimburse him for designated office expenses, constituted income to the Senator which was either reportable or taxable as income under applicable tax laws. Now that, my friends, is not Nixon speaking, but that\'s an independent audit which was requested, because I want the American people to know all the facts, and I am not afraid of having independent people go in and check the facts, and that is exactly what they did.But then I realized that there are still some who may say, and rightfully so -- and let me say that I recognize that some will continue to smear regardle of what the truth may be -- but that there has been, understandably, some honest misunderstanding on this matter, and there are some that will say, \"Well, maybe you were able, Senator, to fake this thing.How can we believe what you say? After all, is there a poibility that maybe you got some sums in cash? Is there a poibility that you may have feathered your own nest?\" And so now, what I am going to do -- and incidentally this is unprecedented in the history of American politics -- I am going at this time to give to this television and radio audio -- audience, a complete financial history, everything I\'ve earned, everything I\'ve spent, everything I own.And I want you to know the facts.I\'ll have to start early.I was born in 1913.Our family was one of modest circumstances, and most of my early life was spent in a store out in East Whittier.It was a grocery store, one of those family enterprises.The only reason we were able to make it go was because my mother and dad had five boys, and we all worked in the store.I worked my way through college, and, to a great extent, through law school.And then in 1940, probably the best thing that ever happened to me happened.I married Pat who\'s sitting over here.We had a rather difficult time after we were married, like so many of the young couples who may be listening to us.I practiced law.She continued to teach school.Then, in 1942, I went into the service.Let me say that my service record was not a particularly unusual one.I went to the South Pacific.I gue I\'m entitled to a couple of battle stars.I got a couple of letters of commendation.But I was just there when the bombs were falling.And then I returned -- returned to the United States, and in 1946, I ran for the Congre.When we came out of the war -- Pat and I -- Pat during the war had worked as a stenographer, and in a bank, and as an economist for a Government agency -- and when we came out, the total of our savings, from both my law practice, her teaching and all the time that I was in the war, the total for that entire period was just a little le than 10,000 dollars.Every cent of that, incidentally, was in Government bonds.Well that\'s where we start, when I go into politics.Now, what have I earned since I went into politics? Well, here it is.I\'ve jotted it down.Let me read the notes.First of all, I\'ve had my salary as a Congreman and as a Senator.Second, I have received a total in this past six years of 1600 dollars from estates which were in my law firm at the time that I

severed my connection with it.And, incidentally, as I said before, I have not engaged in any legal practice and have not accepted any fees from busine that came into the firm after I went into politics.I have made an average of approximately 1500 dollars a year from nonpolitical speaking engagements and lectures.And then, fortunately, we\'ve inherited a little money.Pat sold her interest in her father\'s estate for 3,000 dollars, and I inherited 1500 dollars from my grandfather.We lived rather modestly.For four years we lived in an apartment in Parkfairfax, in Alexandria, Virginia.The rent was 80 dollars a month.And we saved for the time that we could buy a house.Now, that was what we took in.What did we do with this money? What do we have today to show for it? This will surprise you because it is so little, I suppose, as standards generally go of people in public life.First of all, we\'ve got a house in Washington, which cost 41,000 dollars and on which we owe 20,000 dollars.We have a house in Whittier, California which cost 13,000 dollars and on which we owe 3000 dollars.My folks are living there at the present time.I have just 4000 dollars in life insurance, plus my GI policy which I\'ve never been able to convert, and which will run out in two years.I have no life insurance whatever on Pat.I have no life insurance on our two youngsters, Tricia and Julie.I own a 1950 Oldsmobile car.We have our furniture.We have no stocks and bonds of any type.We have no interest of any kind, direct or indirect, in any busine.Now, that\'s what we have.What do we owe? Well in addition to the mortgage, the 20,000 dollar mortgage on the house in Washington, the 10,000 dollar one on the house in Whittier, I owe 4500 dollars to the Riggs Bank in Washington, D.C., with interest 4 and 1/2 percent.I owe 3500 dollars to my parents, and the interest on that loan, which I pay regularly, because it\'s the part of the savings they made through the years they were working so hard -- I pay regularly 4 percent interest.And then I have a 500 dollar loan, which I have on my life insurance.Well, that\'s about it.That\'s what we have.And that\'s what we owe.It isn\'t very much.But Pat and I have the satisfaction that every dime that we\'ve got is honestly ours.I should say this, that Pat doesn\'t have a mink coat.But she does have a respectable Republican cloth coat, and I always tell her she\'d look good in anything.One other thing I probably should tell you, because if I don\'t they\'ll probably be saying this about me, too.We did get something, a gift, after the election.A man down in Texas heard Pat on the radio mention the fact that our two youngsters would like to have a dog.And believe it or not, the day before we left on this campaign trip we got a meage from Union Station in Baltimore, saying they had a package for us.We went down to get it.You know what it was? It was a little cocker spaniel dog in a crate that he\'d sent all the way from Texas, black and white, spotted.And our little girl Tricia, the six year old, named it \"Checkers.\" And you know, the kids, like all kids, love the dog, and I just want to say this, right now, that regardle of what they say about it, we\'re gonna keep it.It isn\'t easy to come before a nationwide audience and bare your life, as I\'ve done.But I want to say some things before I conclude that I think most of you will agree on.Mr.Mitchell, the Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, made this statement -- that if a man couldn\'t afford to be in the United States Senate, he shouldn\'t run for the Senate.And I just want to make my position clear.I don\'t agree with Mr.Mitchell when he says that only a rich man should serve his Government in the United States Senate or in the Congre.I don\'t believe that represents the thinking of the Democratic Party, and I know that it doesn\'t represent the thinking of the Republican Party.I believe that it\'s fine that a man like Governor Stevenson, who inherited a fortune from his father, can run for President.But I also feel that it\'s eential in this country of ours that a man of modest means can also run for President, because, you know, remember Abraham Lincoln, you remember what he said: \"God must have loved the common people -- he made so many of them.\" And now I\'m going to suggest some courses of conduct.First of all, you have read in the papers about

other funds, now.Mr.Stevenson apparently had a couple -- one of them in which a group of busine people paid and helped to supplement the salaries of State employees.Here is where the money went directly into their pockets, and I think that what Mr.Stevenson should do should be to come before the American people, as I have, give the names of the people that contributed to that fund, give the names of the people who put this money into their pockets at the same time that they were receiving money from their State government and see what favors, if any, they gave out for that.I don\'t condemn Mr.Stevenson for what he did, but until the facts are in there is a doubt that will be raised.And as far as Mr.Sparkman is concerned, I would suggest the same thing.He\'s had his wife on the payroll.I don\'t condemn him for that, but I think that he should come before the American people and indicate what outside sources of income he has had.I would suggest that under the circumstances both Mr.Sparkman and Mr.Stevenson should come before the American people, as I have, and make a complete financial statement as to their financial history, and if they don\'t it will be an admiion that they have something to hide.And I think you will agree with me -- because, folks, remember, a man that\'s to be President of the United States, a man that\'s to be Vice President of the United States, must have the confidence of all the people.And that\'s why I\'m doing what I\'m doing.And that\'s why I suggest that Mr.Stevenson and Mr.Sparkman, since they are under attack, should do what they\'re doing.Now let me say this: I know that this is not the last of the smears.In spite of my explanation tonight, other smears will be made.Others have been made in the past.And the purpose of the smears, I know, is this: to silence me; to make me let up.Well, they just don\'t know who they\'re dealing with.I\'m going to tell you this: I remember in the dark days of the Hi case some of the same columnists, some of the same radio commentators who are attacking me now and misrepresenting my position, were violently opposing me at the time I was after Alger Hi.But I continued to fight because I knew I was right, and I can say to this great television and radio audience that I have no apologies to the American people for my part in putting Alger Hi where he is today.And as far as this is concerned, I intend to continue to fight.Why do I feel so deeply? Why do I feel that in spite of the smears, the misunderstanding, the neceity for a man to come up here and bare his soul as I have -- why is it neceary for me to continue this fight? And I want to tell you why.Because, you see, I love my country.And I think my country is in danger.And I think the only man that can save America at this time is the man that\'s running for President, on my ticket -- Dwight Eisenhower.You say, \"Why do I think it is in danger?\" And I say, look at the record.Seven years of the Truman-Acheson Administration, and what\'s happened? Six hundred million people lost to the Communists.And a war in Korea in which we have lost 117,000 American casualties, and I say to all of you that a policy that results in the lo of 600 million people to the Communists, and a war which cost us 117,000 American casualties isn\'t good enough for America.And I say that those in the State Department that made the mistakes which caused that war and which resulted in those loes should be kicked out of the State Department just as fast as we get them out of there.And let me say that I know Mr.Stevenson won\'t do that because he defends the Truman policy, and I know that Dwight Eisenhower will do that, and that he will give America the leadership that it needs.Take the problem of corruption.You\'ve read about the me in Washington.Mr.Stevenson can\'t clean it up because he was picked by the man, Truman, under whose Administration the me was made.You wouldn\'t trust the man who made the me to clean it up.That\'s Truman.And by the same token you can\'t trust the man who was picked by the man that made the me to clean it up -- and that\'s Stevenson.And so I say, Eisenhower, who owed nothing to Truman, nothing to the big city boes -- he is the man

that can clean up the me in Washington.Take Communism.I say that as far as that subject is concerned the danger is great to America.In the Hi case they got the secrets which enabled them to break the American secret State Department code.They got secrets in the atomic bomb case which enabled them to get the secret of the atomic bomb five years before they would have gotten it by their own devices.And I say that any man who called the Alger Hi case a red herring isn\'t fit to be President of the United States.I say that a man who, like Mr.Stevenson, has pooh-poohed and ridiculed the Communist threat in the United States -- he said that they are phantoms among ourselves.He has accused us that have attempted to expose the Communists, of looking for Communists in the Bureau of Fisheries and Wildlife.I say that a man who says that isn\'t qualified to be President of the United States.And I say that the only man who can lead us in this fight to rid the Government of both those who are Communists and those who have corrupted this Government is Eisenhower, because Eisenhower, you can be sure, recognizes the problem, and he knows how to deal with it.Now let me that finally, this evening, I want to read to you, just briefly, excerpts from a letter which I received, a letter which after all this is over no one can take away from us.It reads as follows: Dear Senator Nixon,

Since I am only 19 years of age, I can\'t vote in this presidential election, but believe me if I could you and General Eisenhower would certainly get my vote.My husband is in the Fleet Marines in Korea.He\' a corpsman on the front lines and we have a two month old son he\'s never seen.And I feel confident that with great Americans like you and General Eisenhower in the White House, lonely Americans like myself will be united with their loved ones now in Korea.I only pray to God that you won\'t be too late.Enclosed is a small check to help you in your campaign.Living on $85 a month, it is all I can afford at present, but let me know what else I can do.Folks, it\'s a check for 10 dollars, and it\'s one that I will never cash.And just let me say this: We hear a lot about prosperity these days, but I say why can\'t we have prosperity built on peace, rather than prosperity built on war? Why can\'t we have prosperity and an honest Government in Washington, D.C., at the same time? Believe me, we can.And Eisenhower is the man that can lead this crusade to bring us that kind of prosperity.And now, finally, I know that you wonder whether or not I am going to stay on the Republican ticket or resign.Let me say this: I don\'t believe that I ought to quit, because I am not a quitter.And, incidentally, Pat\'s not a quitter.After all, her name was Patricia Ryan and she was born on St.Patrick\'s day, and you know the Irish never quit.

But the decision, my friends, is not mine.I would do nothing that would harm the poibilities of Dwight Eisenhower to become President of the United States.And for that reason I am submitting to the Republican National Committee tonight through this television broadcast the decision which it is theirs to make.Let them decide whether my position on the ticket will help or hurt.And I am going to ask you to help them decide.Wire and write the Republican National Committee whether you think I should stay on or whether I should get off.And whatever their decision is, I will abide by it.But just let me say this last word: Regardle of what happens, I\'m going to continue this fight.I\'m going to campaign up and down in America until we drive the crooks and the Communists and those that defend them out of Washington.And remember folks, Eisenhower is a great man, believe me.He\'s a great man.And a vote for Eisenhower is a vote for what\'s good for America.And what\'s good for America....[interrupted by broadcaster]

六、Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Pearl Harbor Addre to the Nation Mr.Vice President, Mr.Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambaador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American meage.And while this reply stated that it seemed usele to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace.The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost.In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.I believe that I interpret the will of the Congre and of the people when I aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

七、Malcolm X

The Ballot or the Bullet Mr.Moderator, Reverend Cleage, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, and friends -- and I see some enemies.In fact, I think we‘d be fooling ourselves if we had an audience this large and didn‘t realize that there were some enemies present.

This afternoon we want to talk about \"The ballot or the bullet.\" The ballot or the bullet explains itself.But before we get into it, since this is the year of the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify some things that refer to me personally -- concerning my own personal position.I\'m still a Muslim.That is, my religion is still Islam.My religion is still Islam.I still credit Mr.Mohammed for what I know and what I am.He\'s the one who opened my eyes.At present, I\'m the Minister of the newly founded Muslim Mosque, Incorporated, which has its offices in the Teresa Hotel, right in the heart of Harlem -- that‘s the black belt in New York city.And when we realize that Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian minister, he‘s the -- he heads Abyinian Baptist Church, but at the same time, he‘s more famous for his political struggling.

And Dr.King is a Christian Minister, in Atlanta -- from Atlanta Georgia -- or in Atlanta, Georgia, but he‘s become more famous for being involved in the civil rights struggle.There‘s another in New York, Reverend Galamison -- I don‘t know if you‘ve heard of him out here -- he‘s a Christian Minister from Brooklyn, but has become famous for his fight against a segregated school system in Brooklyn.Reverend Cleage, right here, is a Christian Minister, here in Detroit.He‘s the head of the \"Freedom Now Party.\" All of these are Christian Ministers -- All of these are Christian Ministers, but they don‘t come to us as Christian Ministers.They come to us as fighters in some other category.I‘m a Muslim minister.The same as they are Christian Ministers, I‘m a Muslim minister.And I don‘t believe in fighting today in any one front, but on all fronts.In fact, I‘m a \"Black Nationalist Freedom Fighter.\" Islam is my religion, but I believe my religion is my personal busine.It governs my personal life, my personal morals.And my religious philosophy is personal between me and the God in whom I believe; just as the religious philosophy of these others is between them and the God in whom they believe.And this is best this way.Were we to come out here discuing religion, we‘d have too many differences from the outstart and we could never get together.So today, though Islam is my religious philosophy, my political, economic, and social philosophy is Black Nationalism.You and I -- As I say, if we bring up religion we‘ll have differences; we‘ll have arguments; and we‘ll never be able to get together.But if we keep our religion at home, keep our religion in the closet, keep our religion between ourselves and our God, but when we come out here, we have a fight that‘s common to all of us against a [sic] enemy who is common to all of us.

The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that the black man should control the politics and the politicians in his own community.The -- The time -- The time when white people can come in our community and get us to vote for them so that they can be our political leaders and tell us what to do and what not to do is long gone.By the same token, the time when that same white man, knowing that your eyes are too far open, can send another negro into the community and get you and me to support him so he can use him to lead us astray -- those days are long gone too.The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that if you and I are going to live in a Black community -- and that‘s where we‘re going to live, \'cause as soon as you move into one of their -- soon as you move out of the Black community into their community, it‘s mixed for a period of time, but they‘re gone and you‘re right there all by yourself again.We must -- We must understand the politics of our community and we must know what politics is supposed to produce.We must know what part politics play in our lives.And until we become politically mature we will always be mislead, lead astray, or deceived or maneuvered into supporting someone politically who doesn‘t have the good of our community at heart.So the political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we will have to carry on a program, a political program, of re-education to open our people\'s eyes, make us become more politically conscious, politically mature, and then we will -- whenever we get ready to cast our ballot, that ballot will be -- will be cast for a man of the community who has the good of the

community of heart.The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we should own and operate and control the economy of our community.You would never -- You can‘t open up a black store in a white community.White men won‘t even patronize you.And he‘s not wrong.He‘s got sense enough to look out for himself.You the one who don‘t have sense enough to look out for yourself.The white man -- The white man is too intelligent to let someone else come and gain control of the economy of his community.But you will let anybody come in and take control of the economy of your community, control the housing, control the education, control the jobs, control the businees, under the pretext that you want to integrate.No, you\'re out of your mind.The political -- The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we have to become involved in a program of reeducation to educate our people into the importance of knowing that when you spend your dollar out of the community in which you live, the community in which you spend your money becomes richer and richer; the community out which you take your money becomes poorer and poorer.And because these negroes, who have been mislead, misguided, are breaking their necks to take their money and spend it with The Man, The Man is becoming richer and richer, and you‘re becoming poorer and poorer.And then what happens? The community in which you live becomes a slum.It becomes a ghetto.The conditions become run down.And then you have the audacity to -- to complain about poor housing in a run-down community.Why you run it down yourself when you take your dollar out.And you and I are in a double-track, because not only do we lose by taking our money someplace else and spending it, when we try and spend it in our own community we‘re trapped because we haven‘t had sense enough to set up stores and control the businees of our community.The man who‘s controlling the stores in our community is a man who doesn‘t look like we do.He‘s a man who doesn‘t even live in the community.So you and I, even when we try and spend our money in the block where we live or the area where we live, we‘re spending it with a man who, when the sun goes down, takes that basket full of money in another part of the town.So we‘re trapped, trapped, double-trapped, triple-trapped.Anywhere we go we find that we‘re trapped.And every kind of solution that someone comes up with is just another trap.But the political and economic philosophy of Black Nationalism -- the economic philosophy of Black Nationalism shows our people the importance of setting up these little stores and developing them and expanding them into larger operations.Woolworth didn‘t start out big like they are today.They started out with a dime store and expanded and expanded and then expanded until today, they‘re are all over the country and all over the world, and they get to some of everybody‘s money.Now this is what you and I -- General Motors [is] the same way.They didn‘t start out like it is.It started out just a little rat race type operation.And it expanded and it expanded until today it\'s where it is right now.And you and I have to make a start and the best place to start is right in the community where we live.

So our people not only have to be reeducated to the importance of supporting black busine, but the black man himself has to be made aware of the importance of going into busine.And once you and I go into busine, we own and operate at least the businees in our community.What we will be doing is developing a situation wherein we will actually be able to create employment for the people in the community.And once you can create some -- some employment in the community where you live it will eliminate the neceity of you and me having to act ignorantly and disgracefully, boycotting and picketing some \"cracker\" some place else trying to beg him for a job.Anytime you have to rely upon your enemy for a job, you‘re in bad shape.When you have -- He is your enemy.Let me tell you, you wouldn‘t be in this country if some enemy hadn‘t kidnapped you and brought you here.On the other hand, some of you think you came here on the Mayflower.

So as you can see brothers and sisters, today -- this afternoon, it\'s not our intention to discu religion.We‘re going to forget religion.If we bring up religion, we‘ll be in an argument, and the best way to keep away from arguments and differences, as I said earlier, put your religion at home -- in the closet.Keep it between you and your God.Because if it hasn‘t done anything more for you than it has, you need to forget it anyway.Whether you are -- Whether you are a Christian, or a Muslim, or a Nationalist, we all have the same problem.They don‘t hang you because you‘re a Baptist; they hang you \'cause you‘re black.They don‘t attack me because I‘m a Muslim; they attack me \'cause I‘m black.They attack all of us for the same reason; all of us catch hell from the same enemy.We‘re all in the same bag, in the same boat.We suffer political oppreion, economic exploitation, and social degradation -- all of them from the same enemy.The government has failed us; you can‘t deny that.Anytime you live in the twentieth century, 1964, and you walkin\' around here singing ―We Shall Overcome,‖ the government has failed us.

This is part of what‘s wrong with you -- you do too much singing.Today it‘s time to stop singing and start swinging.You can‘t sing up on freedom, but you can swing up on some freedom.Caius Clay can sing, but singing didn‘t help him to become the heavyweight champion of the world; swinging helped him become the heavyweight champion.This government has failed us; the government itself has failed us, and the white liberals who have been posing as our friends have failed us.And once we see that all these other sources to which we‘ve turned have failed, we stop turning to them and turn to ourselves.We need a self help program, a do-it -- a-do-it-yourself philosophy, a do-it-right-now philosophy, a it‘s-already-too-late philosophy.This is what you and I need to get with, and the only time -- the only way we\'re going to solve our problem is with a self-help program.Before we can get a self-help program started we have to have a self-help philosophy.Black Nationalism is a self-help philosophy.What\'s so good about it? You can stay right in the church where you are and still take Black Nationalism as your philosophy.You can stay in any kind of civic organization that you belong to and still take black nationalism as your philosophy.You can be an atheist and still take black nationalism as your philosophy.This is a philosophy that eliminates the neceity for division and argument.\'Cause if you\'re black you should be thinking black, and if you are black and you not thinking black at this late date, well I‘m sorry for you.

Once you change your philosophy, you change your thought pattern.Once you change your thought pattern, you change your -- your attitude.Once you change your attitude, it changes your behavior pattern and then you go on into some action.As long as you gotta sit-down philosophy, you‘ll have a sit-down thought pattern, and as long as you think that old sit-down thought you‘ll be in some kind of sit-down action.They‘ll have you sitting in everywhere.It‘s not so good to refer to what you‘re going to do as a \"sit-in.\" That right there castrates you.Right there it brings you down.What -- What goes with it? What -- Think of the image of a someone sitting.An old woman can sit.An old man can sit.A chump can sit.A coward can sit.Anything can sit.Well you and I been sitting long enough, and it‘s time today for us to start doing some standing, and some fighting to back that up.When we look like -- at other parts of this earth upon which we live, we find that black, brown, red, and yellow people in Africa and Asia are getting their independence.They‘re not getting it by singing ―We Shall Overcome.‖ No, they‘re getting it through nationalism.It is nationalism that brought about the independence of the people in Asia.Every nation in Asia gained its independence through the philosophy of nationalism.Every nation on the African continent that has gotten its independence brought it about through the philosophy of nationalism.And it will take black nationalism -- that to bring about the freedom of 22 million Afro-Americans here in this country where we have suffered colonialism for the past 400 years.America is just as much a colonial power as England ever was.America is just as much a colonial

power as France ever was.In fact, America is more so a colonial power than they because she‘s a hypocritical colonial power behind it.What is 20th -- What do you call second cla citizenship? Why, that‘s colonization.Second cla citizenship is nothing but 20th century slavery.How you gonna tell me you‘re a second cla citizen? They don‘t have second cla citizenship in any other government on this earth.They just have slaves and people who are free.Well this country is a hypocrite.They try and make you think they set you free by calling you a second cla citizen.No, you‘re nothing but a 20th century slave.

Just as it took nationalism to move -- to remove colonialism from Asia and Africa, it‘ll take black nationalism today to remove colonialism from the backs and the minds of 22 million Afro-Americans here in this country.And 1964 looks like it might be the year of the ballot or the bullet.Why does it look like it might be the year of the ballot or the bullet? Because Negroes have listened to the trickery, and the lies, and the false promises of the white man now for too long.And they‘re fed up.They‘ve become disenchanted.They‘ve become disillusioned.They‘ve become diatisfied, and all of this has built up frustrations in the black community that makes the black community throughout America today more explosive than all of the atomic bombs the Ruians can ever invent.Whenever you got a racial powder keg sitting in your lap, you‘re in more trouble than if you had an atomic powder keg sitting in your lap.When a racial powder keg goes off, it doesn‘t care who it knocks out the way.Understand this, it‘s dangerous.

And in 1964 this seems to be the year, because what can the white man use now to fool us after he put down that march on Washington? And you see all through that now.He tricked you, had you marching down to Washington.Yes, had you marching back and forth between the feet of a dead man named Lincoln and another dead man named George Washington singing ―We Shall Overcome.‖ He made a chump out of you.He made a fool out of you.He made you think you were going somewhere and you end up going nowhere but between Lincoln and Washington.So today, our people are disillusioned.They‘ve become disenchanted.They‘ve become diatisfied, and in their frustrations they want action.And in 1964 you‘ll see this young black man, this new generation asking for the ballot or the bullet.That old Uncle Tom action is outdated.The young generation don‘t want to hear anything about the odds are against us.What do we care about odds? When this country here was first being founded there were 13 colonies.The -- The whites were colonized.They were fed up with this taxation without representation, so some of them stood up and said ―liberty or death.‖ Though I went to a white school over here in Mason, Michigan, the white man made the mistake of letting me read his history books.He made the mistake of teaching me that Patrick Henry was a patriot, and George Washington, wasn‘t nothing non-violent about old Pat or George Washington.Liberty or death was what brought about the freedom of whites in this country from the English.They didn‘t care about the odds.Why they faced the wrath of the entire British Empire.And in those days they used to say that the British Empire was so vast and so powerful when the sun -- the sun would never set on it.This is how big it was, yet these 13 little scrawny states, tired of taxation without representation, tired of being exploited and oppreed and degraded, told that big British Empire ―liberty or death.‖

And here you have 22 million Afro-American black people today catching more hell than Patrick Henry ever saw.And I‘m -- I‘m here to tell you in case you don‘t know it -- that you got a new -- you got a new generation of black people in this country who don‘t care anything whatsoever about odds.They don‘t want to hear you old Uncle Tom handkerchief heads talking about the odds.No.This is a

new generation.If they‘re gonna draft these young black men and send them over to Korea or South Vietnam to face 800 million Chinese -- if you‘re not afraid of those odds, you shouldn‘t be afraid of these odds.Why is -- Why does this loom to be such an explosive political year? Because this is the year of politics.This is the year when all of the white politicians are going to come into the Negro community.You never see them until election time.You can‘t find them until election time.They‘re going to come in with false promises, and as they make these false promises they\'re gonna feed our frustrations and this will only serve to make matters worse.I‘m no politician.I‘m not even a student of politics.I‘m not a Republican, nor a Democrat, nor an American, and got sense enough to know it.I‘m one of the 22 million black victims of the Democrats, one of the 22 million black victims of the Republicans, and one of the 22 million black victims of Americanism.And when I speak, I don‘t speak as a Democrat, or a Republican, *nor an American.* I speak as a victim of America‘s so-called democracy.You and I have never seen democracy; all we‘ve seen is hypocrisy.When we open our eyes today and look around America, we see America not through the eyes of someone who have -- who has enjoyed the fruits of Americanism, we see America through the eyes of someone who has been the victim of Americanism.We don‘t see any American dream; we‘ve experienced only the American nightmare.We haven‘t benefited from America‘s democracy; we‘ve only suffered from America‘s hypocrisy.And the generation that‘s coming up now can see it and are not afraid to say it.If you -- If you go to jail, so what? If you black, you were born in jail.If you black, you were born in jail, in the North as well as the South.Stop talking about the South.Long as you south of the -- Long as you south of the Canadian border, you‘re south.Don‘t call Governor Wallace a Dixie governor; Romney is a Dixie governor.

Twenty-two million black victims of Americanism are waking up and they‘re gaining a new political consciousne, becoming politically mature.And as they become -- develop this political maturity, they‘re able to see the recent trends in these political elections.They see that the whites are so evenly divided that every time they vote the race is so close they have to go back and count the votes all over again.And that...which means that any block, any minority that has a block of votes that stick together is in a strategic position.Either way you go, that‘s who gets it.You‘re -- You\'re in a position to determine who will go to the White House and who will stay in the dog house.You‘re the one who has that power.You can keep Johnson in Washington D.C., or you can send him back to his Texas cotton patch.You‘re the one who sent Kennedy to Washington.You‘re the one who put the present Democratic Administration in Washington D.C.The whites were evenly divided.It was the fact that you threw 80 percent of your votes behind the Democrats that put the Democrats in the White House.When you see this, you can see that the Negro vote is the key factor.And despite the fact that you are in a position to -- to be the determining factor, what do you get out of it? The Democrats have been in Washington D.C.only because of the Negro vote.They‘ve been down there four years, and they\'re -- all other legislation they wanted to bring up they brought it up and gotten it out of the way, and now they bring up you.And now, they bring up you.You put them first, and they put you last, \'cause you‘re a chump, a political chump.In Washington D.C., in the House of Representatives, there are 257 who are Democrats; only 177 are Republican.In the Senate there are 67 Democrats; only 33 are Republicans.The Party that you backed controls two-thirds of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and still they can‘t keep their promise to you, \'cause you‘re a chump.Anytime you throw your weight behind a political party that controls two-thirds of the government, and that Party can‘t keep the promise that it made to you during election time, and you‘re dumb enough to walk around continuing to identify yourself with that Party,

you‘re not only a chump, but you‘re a traitor to your race.

And what kind of alibi do they come up with? They try and pa the buck to the Dixiecrats.Now back during the days when you were blind, deaf, and dumb, ignorant, politically immature, naturally you went along with that.But today as your eyes come open, and you develop political maturity, you‘re able to see and think for yourself, and you can see that a Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat in disguise.You look at the structure of the government that controls this country; it‘s controlled by 16 senatorial committees and 20 congreional committees.Of the 16 senatorial committees that run the government, 10 of them are in the hands of Southern segregationists.Of the 20 congreional committees that run the government, 12 of them in the -- are in the hands of Southern segregationists.And they\'re going to tell you and me that the South lost the war.You, today, have -- are in the hands of a government of segregationists, racists, white supremacists who belong to the Democratic party, but disguise themselves as Dixiecrats.A Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat.Whoever runs the Democrats is also the father of the Dixiecrats, and the father of all of them is sitting in the White House.I say and I say it again: You got a President who‘s nothing but a Southern segregationist from the state of Texas.They‘ll lynch you in Texas as quick as they‘ll lynch you in Miiippi.Only in -- in Texas they lynch you with a Texas accent; in Miiippi they lynch you with a Miiippi accent.And the first thing the cracker does when he comes in power, he takes all the Negro leaders and invites them for coffee to show that he‘s alright.And those Uncle Toms can‘t pa up the coffee.They come away from the coffee table telling you and me that this man is alright \'cause he‘s from the South, and since he‘s from the South he can deal with the South.Look at the logic that they‘re using.What about Eastland? He‘s from the South.Make him the President.He can -- If Johnson is a good man \'cause he‘s from Texas, and being from Texas will enable him to deal with the South, Eastland can deal with the South better than Johnson.Oh, I say you been mislead.You been had.You been took.I was in Washington a couple weeks ago while the Senators were filibustering, and I noticed in the back of the Senate a huge map, and on this map it showed the distribution of Negroes in America, and surprisingly the same Senators that were involved in the filibuster were from the states where there were the most Negroes.Why were they filibustering the civil rights legislation? Because the civil rights legislation is supposed to guarantee voting rights to Negroes in those states, and those senators from those states know that if the Negroes in those states can vote, those senators are down the drain.The Representatives of those states go down the drain.And in the Constitution of this country it has a stipulation wherein whenever the rights, the voting rights, of people in a certain district are violated, then the Representative who -- who‘s from that particular district, according to the Constitution, is supposed to be expelled from the Congre.Now, if this particular aspect of the Constitution was enforced, why you wouldn‘t have a cracker in Washington D.C.But what would happen when you expel the Dixiecrat, you‘re expelling the Democrat.When you destroy the power of the Dixiecrat, you‘re destroying the power -- power of the Democratic Party.So how in the world can the Democratic Party in the South actually side with you in sincerity, when all of its power is based in the -- in the South? These Northern Democrats are in cahoots with the Southern Democrats.They‘re playing a giant con game, a political con game.You know how it goes.One of them -- One of them comes to you and makes believe he\'s for you, and he‘s in cahoots with the other one that‘s not for you.Why? Because neither one of them is for you, but they got to make you go with one of them or the other.So this is a con game.And this is what they‘ve been doing with you and me all these years.

First thing Johnson got off the plane when he become President, he asked ―Where‘s Dicky?‖ You

know who ―Dicky‖ is? Dicky is old Southern cracker Richard -- Richard Ruell.Look here, yes.Lyndon B.Johnson‘s best friend is the one who is the head, who‘s heading the forces that are filibustering civil rights legislation.You tell me how in the hell is he going to be Johnson‘s best friend? How can Johnson be his friend and your friend too? No, that man is too tricky.Especially if his friend is still old Dicky.Whenever the Negroes keep the Democrats in power, they‘re keeping the Dixiecrats in power.Is this true? A vote for a Democrat is nothing but a vote for a Dixiecrat.I know you don‘t like me saying that, but I...I‘m not the kind of person who come here to say what you like.I‘m going to tell you the truth whether you like it or not.

Up here, in the North you have the same thing.The Democratic Party don‘t -- don\'t do it -- they don‘t do it that way.They got a thing that they call gerrymandering.They -- They maneuver you out of power.Even though you can vote, they fix it so you‘re voting for nobody; they got you going and coming.In the South, they‘re outright political wolves.In the North, they‘re political foxes.A fox and a wolf are both canine, both belong to the dog family.Now you take your choice.You going to choose a Northern dog or a Southern dog? Because either dog you choose I guarantee you you‘ll still be in the dog house.This is why I say it‘s the ballot or the bullet.It‘s liberty or it‘s death.It‘s freedom for everybody or freedom for nobody.America today finds herself in a unique situation.Historically, revolutions are bloody.Oh, yes, they are.They haven‘t never had a blood-le revolution, or a non-violent revolution.That don‘t happen even in Hollywood.You don‘t have a revolution in which you love your enemy, and you don‘t have a revolution in which you are begging the system of exploitation to integrate you into it.Revolutions overturn systems.Revolutions destroy systems.A revolution is bloody, but America is in a unique position.She‘s the only country in history in a position actually to become involved in a blood-le revolution.The -- The Ruian revolution was bloody; Chinese revolution was bloody; French revolution was bloody; Cuban revolution was bloody; and there was nothing more bloody then the American Revolution.But today this country can become involved in a revolution that won‘t take bloodshed.All she‘s got to do is give the black man in this country everything that‘s due him -- everything.I hope that the white man can see this, \'cause if he don‘t see it you‘re finished.If you don‘t see it you‘re going to be coming -- you‘re going to become involved in some action in which you don‘t have a chance.And we don‘t care anything about your atomic bomb; it\'s -- it‘s usele because other countries have atomic bombs.When two or three different countries have atomic bombs, nobody can use them, so it means that the white man today is without a weapon.If you‘re gonna -- If you want some action, you gotta come on down to Earth.And there\'s more black people on Earth than there are white people on Earth.I only got a couple more minutes.The white man can never win another war on the ground.His days of war, victory, his great -- his days of that ground victory are over.Can I prove it? Yes.Take all the action that‘s going on on this earth right now that he‘s involved in.Tell me where he‘s winning.Nowhere.Why some rice farmers -- some rice farmers -- some rice eaters ran him out of Korea.Yes, they ran him out of Korea.Rice eaters with nothing but gym shoes and a rifle and a bowl of rice took him and his tanks and his napalm and all that other action he‘s supposed to have and ran him acro the Yalu.Why? \'Cause the day that he can win on the ground has paed.Up in French Indo-China those little peasants, rice growers, took on the might of the French army and ran all the Frenchmen -- you remember Dien Bien Phu.No.The same thing happened in Algeria, in Africa.They didn‘t have anything but a rifle.The French had

all these highly mechanized instruments of warfare, but they put some guerilla action on, and a -- and a -- and a white man can‘t fight a guerilla warfare.Guerilla action takes heart, takes nerve, and he doesn‘t have that.He‘s brave when he‘s got tanks.He‘s brave when he‘s got planes.He‘s brave when he‘s got bombs.He‘s brave when he got a whole lot of company along with him, but you take that little man from Africa and Asia, turn him loose in the woods with a blade, with a blade -- that‘s all he needs, all he needs is a blade –- and when the sun comes down -- goes down and it‘s dark, it‘s even-steven.So it‘s the -- it\'s the ballot or the bullet.Today our people can see that we‘re faced with a government conspiracy.This government has failed us.The senators who are filibustering concerning your and my rights, that\'s the government.Don‘t say it‘s Southern senators.This is the government; this is a government filibuster.It‘s not a segregationist filibuster.It‘s a government filibuster.Any kind of activity that takes place on the floor of the Congre or the Senate, that\'s the government.Any kind of dilly-dallying, that‘s the government.Any kind of puy-footing, that‘s the government.Any kind of act that‘s designed to delay or deprive you and me right now of getting full rights, that‘s the government that\'s responsible.And any time you find the government involved in a conspiracy to violate the citizenship or the civil rights of a people, then you are wasting your time going to that government expecting redre.Instead, you have to take that government to the World Court and accuse it of genocide and all of the other crimes that it is guilty of today.So those of us whose political, and economic, and social philosophy is Black Nationalism have become involved in the civil rights struggle.We have injected ourselves into the civil rights struggle, and we intend to expand it from the level of civil rights to the level of human rights.As long as you\'re -- As long as you\'re fighting on the level of civil rights, you‘re under Uncle Sam‘s jurisdiction.You‘re going to his court expecting him to correct the problem.He created the problem.He‘s the criminal.You don‘t take your case to the criminal; you take your criminal to court.When the government of South Africa began to trample upon the human rights of the people of South Africa, they were taken to the U.N.When the government of Portugal began to trample upon the -- the rights of our brothers and sisters in Angola, it was taken before the U.N.Why even the white man took the Hungarian question to the U.N.And just this week Chief Justice Goldberg was crying over 3 million Jews in Ruia about their human rights, charging Ruia with violating the U.N.charter because of its mistreatment of the human rights of Jews in Ruia.Now you tell me how can the plight of everybody on this earth reach the halls of the United Nations, and you have 22 million Afro-Americans whose churches are being bombed, whose little girls are being murdered, whose -- whose leaders are being shot down in broad daylight.Now you tell me why the leaders of this struggle have never taken it before the United Nations.So our next move is to take the entire civil rights struggle problem into the United Nations and let the world see that Uncle Sam is guilty of violating the human rights of 22 million Afro-Americans....[short audio gap...content uncertain] [Uncle Sam...] and still has the audacity or the nerve to stand up and represent himself as the leader of the free world.Not only is he a crook, he‘s a hypocrite.There he is standing up in front of other people, Uncle Sam, with the blood of your and mine mothers and fathers on his hands, with the blood dripping down his jaws like a bloody-jawed wolf, and still got the nerve to point his finger at other countries.You can‘t even get civil rights legislation.And this man has got the nerve to stand up and talk about South Africa, or talk about Nazi Germany, or talk about [unclear].Nah, no more days like those.So, I say in my conclusion the only way we\'re going to solve it -- we gotta unite in unity and harmony, and Black Nationalism is the key.How we gonna overcome the tendency to be at each other\'s throats that always exists in our neighborhoods? And the reason this tendency exists, the strategy of the white

man has always been divide and conquer.He keeps us divided in order to conquer us.He tells you I‘m for separation and you\'re for integration to keep us fighting with each other.No, I‘m not for separation and you‘re not for integration.What you and I is for is freedom.Only you think that integration will get you freedom, I think separation will get me freedom.We both got the same objective.We just got different ways of getting at it.So I...studied this man, Billy Graham, who preaches White Nationalism.That‘s what he preaches.I say that‘s what he preaches.The whole church structure in this country is White Nationalism.You go inside a white church -- that‘s what they preaching: White Nationalism.They got Jesus white, Mary white, God white, everybody white -- that‘s White Nationalism.So what he does -- the way he -- the way he -- the way he circumvents the -- the jealousy and envy that he ordinarily would incur among the heads of the church, wherever he go into an area where the church already is you going into trouble, \'cause they got that thing -- what you call it -- syndicated, they got a syndicate just like the Racketeers have.I‘m going to say what‘s on my mind \'cause the churches are, the preachers already proved to you that they got a syndicate.And when you\'re out in the rackets, whenever you\'re getting in another man‘s territory, you know, they gang up on you.And that‘s the same way with you -- you ran into the same thing.So how Billy Graham gets around that, instead of going into somebody else‘s territory, like he going to start up a new church, he don\'t -- he doesn‘t try to start a church.He just goes in preaching Christ.And he says everybody who believe in Him, you go wherever -- you go wherever you find him.So this helps all the churches and so since it helps all the churches they don‘t fight him.

Well, we gonna do the same thing, only our gospel is Black Nationalism.His gospel is White Nationalism; our gospel is Black Nationalism.And the gospel of Black Nationalism, as I told you, means you should control your own -- the politics of your community, the economy of your community, and all of the society in which you live should be under your control.And...once you...feel that this philosophy will solve your problem, go join any church where that‘s preached.Don‘t join a church where White Nationalism is preached.Now you can go to a negro church and be exposed to White Nationalism, \'cause you are -- when you walk in a negro church and a white Mary and some white angels -- that Negro church is preaching White Nationalism.But when you go to a church and you see the pastor of that church with a philosophy and a program that‘s designed to bring black people together and elevate black people -- join that church.Join that church.If you see where the NAACP is preaching and practicing that which is designed to make Black Nationalism materialize -- join the NAACP.Join any kind of organization -- civic, religious, fraternal, political, or otherwise that‘s based on lifting the black man up and making him master of his own community.It‘ll be -- It‘ll be the -- the ballot or it‘ll be the bullet.It‘ll be liberty or it‘ll be death.And if you‘re not ready to pay that price don‘t use the word freedom in your vocabulary.One more thing: I was on a program in Illinois recently with Senator Paul Douglas, a so-called liberal, so-called Democrat, so-called white man, at...which time he told me that our African brothers were not interested in us in Africa.He said the Africans are not interested in the American Negro.I knew he was lying, but during the next two or three weeks it‘s my intention and plan to make a tour of our African homeland.And I hope that when I come back, I‘ll be able to come back and let you know how our African brothers and sisters feel toward us.And I know before I go there that they love us.We‘re one; we‘re the same; the same man who has colonized them all these years, colonized you and me too all these years.And all we have to do now is wake up and work in unity and harmony and the battle will be over.I want to thank the Freedom Now Party and the [unclear].I want to thank Milton and Richard Henley

for inviting me here this afternoon, and also Reverend Cleage.And I want them to know that anything that I can ever do, at any time, to work with anybody in any kind of program that is sincerely designed to eliminate the political, the economic, and the social evils that confront all of our people, in Detroit and elsewhere, all they got to do is give me a telephone call and I‘ll be on the next jet right on into the city.

八、Ronald Reagan The Space Shuttle \"Challenger\" Tragedy Addre Ladies and Gentlemen, I\'d planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans.Today is a day for mourning and remembering.Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger.We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country.This is truly a national lo.Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground.But we\'ve never lost an astronaut in flight.We\'ve never had a tragedy like this.And perhaps we\'ve forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle.But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly.We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe.We mourn their lo as a nation together.For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy.But we feel the lo, and we\'re thinking about you so very much.Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, \"Give me a challenge, and I\'ll meet it with joy.\" They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths.They wished to serve, and they did.They served all of us.We\'ve grown used to wonders in this century.It\'s hard to dazzle us.But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that.We\'ve grown used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that we\'ve only just begun.We\'re still pioneers.They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle\'s take-off.I know it\'s hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen.It\'s all part of the proce of exploration and discovery.It\'s all part of taking a chance and expanding man\'s horizons.The future doesn\'t belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave.The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we\'ll continue to follow them.I\'ve always had great faith in and respect for our space program.And what happened today does nothing to diminish it.We don\'t hide our space program.We don\'t keep secrets and cover things up.We do it all up front and in public.That\'s the way freedom is, and we wouldn\'t change it for a minute. We\'ll continue our quest in space.There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space.Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue.I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this miion and tell them: \"Your dedication and profeionalism have moved and impreed us for decades.And we know of your anguish.We share it.\" There\'s a coincidence today.On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama.In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, \"He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it.\" Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake\'s, complete.

The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives.We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and \"slipped the surly bonds of earth\" to \"touch the face of God.\" Thank you.

九、Lyndon Baines Johnson

Addre to a Joint Seion of Congre on Voting Legislation

\"We Shall Overcome\" Mr.Speaker, Mr.President, Members of the Congre: I speak tonight for the dignity of man and the destiny of democracy.I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colors, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause.At times history and fate meet at a single time in a single place to shape a turning point in man\'s unending search for freedom.So it was at Lexington and Concord.So it was a century ago at Appomattox.So it was last week in Selma, Alabama.There, long-suffering men and women peacefully protested the denial of their rights as Americans.Many were brutally aaulted.One good man, a man of God, was killed.There is no cause for pride in what has happened in Selma.There is no cause for self-satisfaction in the long denial of equal rights of millions of Americans.But there is cause for hope and for faith in our democracy in what is happening here tonight.For the cries of pain and the hymns and protests of oppreed people have summoned into convocation all the majesty of this great government -- the government of the greatest nation on earth.Our miion is at once the oldest and the most basic of this country: to right wrong, to do justice, to serve man.In our time we have come to live with the moments of great crisis.Our lives have been marked with debate about great iues -- iues of war and peace, iues of prosperity and depreion.But rarely in any time does an iue lay bare the secret heart of America itself.Rarely are we met with a challenge, not to our growth or abundance, or our welfare or our security, but rather to the values, and the purposes, and the meaning of our beloved nation.The iue of equal rights for American Negroes is such an iue.And should we defeat every enemy, and should we double our wealth and conquer the stars, and still be unequal to this iue, then we will have failed as a people and as a nation.For with a country as with a person, \"What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?\" There is no Negro problem.There is no Southern problem.There is no Northern problem.There is only an American problem.And we are met here tonight as Americans -- not as Democrats or Republicans.We are met here as Americans to solve that problem.This was the first nation in the history of the world to be founded with a purpose.The great phrases of that purpose still sound in every American heart, North and South: \"All men are created equal,\" \"government by consent of the governed,\" \"give me liberty or give me death.\" Well, those are not just clever words, or those are not just empty theories.In their name Americans have fought and died for two centuries, and tonight around the world they stand there as guardians of our liberty, risking their lives.Those words are a promise to every citizen that he shall share in the dignity of man.This dignity cannot be found in a man\'s poeions; it cannot be found in his power, or in his position.It really rests on his right to be treated as a man equal in opportunity to all others.It says that he shall share in

freedom, he shall choose his leaders, educate his children, provide for his family according to his ability and his merits as a human being.To apply any other test -- to deny a man his hopes because of his color, or race, or his religion, or the place of his birth is not only to do injustice, it is to deny America and to dishonor the dead who gave their lives for American freedom.Our fathers believed that if this noble view of the rights of man was to flourish, it must be rooted in democracy.The most basic right of all was the right to choose your own leaders.The history of this country, in large measure, is the history of the expansion of that right to all of our people.Many of the iues of civil rights are very complex and most difficult.But about this there can and should be no argument.Every American citizen must have an equal right to vote.There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right.There is no duty which weighs more heavily on us than the duty we have to ensure that right.Yet the harsh fact is that in many places in this country men and women are kept from voting simply because they are Negroes.Every device of which human ingenuity is capable has been used to deny this right.The Negro citizen may go to register only to be told that the day is wrong, or the hour is late, or the official in charge is absent.And if he persists, and if he manages to present himself to the registrar, he may be disqualified because he did not spell out his middle name or because he abbreviated a word on the application.And if he manages to fill out an application, he is given a test.The registrar is the sole judge of whether he paes this test.He may be asked to recite the entire Constitution, or explain the most complex provisions of State law.And even a college degree cannot be used to prove that he can read and write.For the fact is that the only way to pa these barriers is to show a white skin.Experience has clearly shown that the existing proce of law cannot overcome systematic and ingenious discrimination.No law that we now have on the books -- and I have helped to put three of them there -- can ensure the right to vote when local officials are determined to deny it.In such a case our duty must be clear to all of us.The Constitution says that no person shall be kept from voting because of his race or his color.We have all sworn an oath before God to support and to defend that Constitution.We must now act in obedience to that oath.Wednesday, I will send to Congre a law designed to eliminate illegal barriers to the right to vote.The broad principles of that bill will be in the hands of the Democratic and Republican leaders tomorrow.After they have reviewed it, it will come here formally as a bill.I am grateful for this opportunity to come here tonight at the invitation of the leadership to reason with my friends, to give them my views, and to visit with my former colleagues. I\'ve had prepared a more comprehensive analysis of the legislation which I had intended to transmit to the clerk tomorrow, but which I will submit to the clerks tonight.But I want to really discu with you now, briefly, the main proposals of this legislation.This bill will strike down restrictions to voting in all elections -- Federal, State, and local -- which have been used to deny Negroes the right to vote. This bill will establish a simple, uniform standard which cannot be used, however ingenious the effort, to flout our Constitution.It will provide for citizens to be registered by officials of the United States Government, if the State officials refuse to register them.It will eliminate tedious, unneceary lawsuits which delay the right to vote.Finally, this legislation will ensure that properly registered individuals are not prohibited from voting.I will welcome the suggestions from all of the Members of Congre -- I have no doubt that I will get some -- on ways and means to strengthen this law and to make it effective.But experience has plainly shown that this is the only path to carry out the command of the Constitution.To those who seek to avoid action by their National Government in their own communities, who want

to and who seek to maintain purely local control over elections, the answer is simple: open your polling places to all your people.Allow men and women to register and vote whatever the color of their skin.Extend the rights of citizenship to every citizen of this land.There is no constitutional iue here.The command of the Constitution is plain.There is no moral iue.It is wrong -- deadly wrong -- to deny any of your fellow Americans the right to vote in this country.There is no iue of States\' rights or national rights.There is only the struggle for human rights.I have not the slightest doubt what will be your answer.

But the last time a President sent a civil rights bill to the Congre, it contained a provision to protect voting rights in Federal elections.That civil rights bill was paed after eight long months of debate.And when that bill came to my desk from the Congre for my signature, the heart of the voting provision had been eliminated.This time, on this iue, there must be no delay, or no hesitation, or no compromise with our purpose.We cannot, we must not, refuse to protect the right of every American to vote in every election that he may desire to participate in.And we ought not, and we cannot, and we must not wait another eight months before we get a bill.We have already waited a hundred years and more, and the time for waiting is gone.So I ask you to join me in working long hours -- nights and weekends, if neceary -- to pa this bill.And I don\'t make that request lightly.For from the window where I sit with the problems of our country, I recognize that from outside this chamber is the outraged conscience of a nation, the grave concern of many nations, and the harsh judgment of history on our acts.But even if we pa this bill, the battle will not be over.What happened in Selma is part of a far larger movement which reaches into every section and State of America.It is the effort of American Negroes to secure for themselves the full bleings of American life.Their cause must be our cause too.Because it\'s not just Negroes, but really it\'s all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice.And we shall overcome.As a man whose roots go deeply into Southern soil, I know how agonizing racial feelings are.I know how difficult it is to reshape the attitudes and the structure of our society.But a century has paed, more than a hundred years since the Negro was freed.And he is not fully free tonight.

It was more than a hundred years ago that Abraham Lincoln, a great President of another party, signed the Emancipation Proclamation; but emancipation is a proclamation, and not a fact.A century has paed, more than a hundred years, since equality was promised.And yet the Negro is not equal.A century has paed since the day of promise.And the promise is un-kept.The time of justice has now come.I tell you that I believe sincerely that no force can hold it back.It is right in the eyes of man and God that it should come.And when it does, I think that day will brighten the lives of every American.For Negroes are not the only victims.How many white children have gone uneducated? How many white families have lived in stark poverty? How many white lives have been scarred by fear, because we\'ve wasted our energy and our substance to maintain the barriers of hatred and terror? And so I say to all of you here, and to all in the nation tonight, that those who appeal to you to hold on to the past do so at the cost of denying you your future.This great, rich, restle country can offer opportunity and education and hope to all, all black and white, all North and South, sharecropper and city dweller.These are the enemies: poverty, ignorance, disease.They\'re our enemies, not our fellow man, not our neighbor.And these enemies too -- poverty, disease, and ignorance: we shall overcome.

Now let none of us in any section look with prideful righteousne on the troubles in another section, or the problems of our neighbors.There\'s really no part of America where the promise of equality has been fully kept.In Buffalo as well as in Birmingham, in Philadelphia as well as Selma, Americans are struggling for the fruits of freedom.This is one nation.What happens in Selma or in Cincinnati is a matter of legitimate concern to every American.But let each of us look within our own hearts and our own communities, and let each of us put our shoulder to the wheel to root out injustice wherever it exists.As we meet here in this peaceful, historic chamber tonight, men from the South, some of whom were at Iwo Jima, men from the North who have carried Old Glory to far corners of the world and brought it back without a stain on it, men from the East and from the West, are all fighting together without regard to religion, or color, or region, in Vietnam.Men from every region fought for us acro the world twenty years ago.And now in these common dangers and these common sacrifices, the South made its contribution of honor and gallantry no le than any other region in the Great Republic -- and in some instances, a great many of them, more.And I have not the slightest doubt that good men from everywhere in this country, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, from the Golden Gate to the harbors along the Atlantic, will rally now together in this cause to vindicate the freedom of all Americans.For all of us owe this duty; and I believe that all of us will respond to it.Your President makes that request of every American.The real hero of this struggle is the American Negro.His actions and protests, his courage to risk safety and even to risk his life, have awakened the conscience of this nation.His demonstrations have been designed to call attention to injustice, designed to provoke change, designed to stir reform.He has called upon us to make good the promise of America.And who among us can say that we would have made the same progre were it not for his persistent bravery, and his faith in American democracy.For at the real heart of battle for equality is a deep seated belief in the democratic proce.Equality depends not on the force of arms or tear gas but depends upon the force of moral right; not on recourse to violence but on respect for law and order.And there have been many preures upon your President and there will be others as the days come and go.But I pledge you tonight that we intend to fight this battle where it should be fought -- in the courts, and in the Congre, and in the hearts of men.We must preserve the right of free speech and the right of free aembly.But the right of free speech does not carry with it, as has been said, the right to holler fire in a crowded theater.We must preserve the right to free aembly.But free aembly does not carry with it the right to block public thoroughfares to traffic.We do have a right to protest, and a right to march under conditions that do not infringe the constitutional rights of our neighbors.And I intend to protect all those rights as long as I am permitted to serve in this office.We will guard against violence, knowing it strikes from our hands the very weapons which we seek: progre, obedience to law, and belief in American values.In Selma, as elsewhere, we seek and pray for peace.We seek order.We seek unity.But we will not accept the peace of stifled rights, or the order imposed by fear, or the unity that stifles protest.For peace cannot be purchased at the cost of liberty.In Selma tonight -- and we had a good day there -- as in every city, we are working for a just and peaceful settlement And we must all remember that after this speech I am making tonight, after the

police and the FBI and the Marshals have all gone, and after you have promptly paed this bill, the people of Selma and the other cities of the Nation must still live and work together.And when the attention of the nation has gone elsewhere, they must try to heal the wounds and to build a new community.This cannot be easily done on a battleground of violence, as the history of the South itself shows.It is in recognition of this that men of both races have shown such an outstandingly impreive responsibility in recent days -- last Tuesday, again today.The bill that I am presenting to you will be known as a civil rights bill.But, in a larger sense, most of the program I am recommending is a civil rights program.Its object is to open the city of hope to all people of all races.Because all Americans just must have the right to vote.And we are going to give them that right.All Americans must have the privileges of citizenship -- regardle of race.And they are going to have those privileges of citizenship -- regardle of race.But I would like to caution you and remind you that to exercise these privileges takes much more than just legal right.It requires a trained mind and a healthy body.It requires a decent home, and the chance to find a job, and the opportunity to escape from the clutches of poverty.Of course, people cannot contribute to the nation if they are never taught to read or write, if their bodies are stunted from hunger, if their sickne goes untended, if their life is spent in hopele poverty just drawing a welfare check.So we want to open the gates to opportunity.But we\'re also going to give all our people, black and white, the help that they need to walk through those gates. My first job after college was as a teacher in Cotulla, Texas, in a small Mexican-American school.Few of them could speak English, and I couldn\'t speak much Spanish.My students were poor and they often came to cla without breakfast, hungry.And they knew, even in their youth, the pain of prejudice.They never seemed to know why people disliked them.But they knew it was so, because I saw it in their eyes.I often walked home late in the afternoon, after the claes were finished, wishing there was more that I could do.But all I knew was to teach them the little that I knew, hoping that it might help them against the hardships that lay ahead.And somehow you never forget what poverty and hatred can do when you see its scars on the hopeful face of a young child.I never thought then, in 1928, that I would be standing here in 1965.It never even occurred to me in my fondest dreams that I might have the chance to help the sons and daughters of those students and to help people like them all over this country.But now I do have that chance -- and I\'ll let you in on a secret -- I mean to use it.And I hope that you will use it with me.

This is the richest and the most powerful country which ever occupied this globe.The might of past empires is little compared to ours.But I do not want to be the President who built empires, or sought grandeur, or extended dominion.

I want to be the President who educated young children to the wonders of their world.

I want to be the President who helped to feed the hungry and to prepare them to be tax-payers instead of tax-eaters.I want to be the President who helped the poor to find their own way and who protected the right of every citizen to vote in every election.I want to be the President who helped to end hatred among his fellow men, and who promoted love among the people of all races and all regions and all parties.I want to be the President who helped to end war among the brothers of this earth.And so, at the request of your beloved Speaker, and the Senator from Montana, the majority leader, the Senator from Illinois, the minority leader, Mr.McCulloch, and other Members of both parties, I came

here tonight -- not as President Roosevelt came down one time, in person, to veto a bonus bill, not as President Truman came down one time to urge the paage of a railroad bill -- but I came down here to ask you to share this task with me, and to share it with the people that we both work for.I want this to be the Congre, Republicans and Democrats alike, which did all these things for all these people.Beyond this great chamber, out yonder in fifty States, are the people that we serve.Who can tell what deep and unspoken hopes are in their hearts tonight as they sit there and listen.We all can gue, from our own lives, how difficult they often find their own pursuit of happine, how many problems each little family has.They look most of all to themselves for their futures.But I think that they also look to each of us.Above the pyramid on the great seal of the United States it says in Latin: \"God has favored our undertaking.\" God will not favor everything that we do.It is rather our duty to divine His will.

But I cannot help believing that He truly understands and that He really favors the undertaking that we begin here tonight.

十、Mario Matthew Cuomo

1984 Democratic National Convention Keynote Addre Thank you very much.On behalf of the great Empire State and the whole family of New York, let me thank you for the great privilege of being able to addre this convention.Please allow me to skip the stories and the poetry and the temptation to deal in nice but vague rhetoric.Let me instead use this valuable opportunity to deal immediately with the questions that should determine this election and that we all know are vital to the American people.Ten days ago, President Reagan admitted that although some people in this country seemed to be doing well nowadays, others were unhappy, even worried, about themselves, their families, and their futures.The President said that he didn\'t understand that fear.He said, \"Why, this country is a shining city on a hill.\" And the President is right.In many ways we are a shining city on a hill.But the hard truth is that not everyone is sharing in this city\'s splendor and glory.A shining city is perhaps all the President sees from the portico of the White House and the veranda of his ranch, where everyone seems to be doing well.But there\'s another city; there\'s another part to the shining the city; the part where some people can\'t pay their mortgages, and most young people can\'t afford one; where students can\'t afford the education they need, and middle-cla parents watch the dreams they hold for their children evaporate.In this part of the city there are more poor than ever, more families in trouble, more and more people who need help but can\'t find it.Even worse: There are elderly people who tremble in the basements of the houses there.And there are people who sleep in the city streets, in the gutter, where the glitter doesn\'t show.There are ghettos where thousands of young people, without a job or an education, give their lives away to drug dealers every day.There is despair, Mr.President, in the faces that you don\'t see, in the places that you don\'t visit in your shining city.In fact, Mr.President, this is a nation -- Mr.President you ought to know that this nation is more a \"Tale of Two Cities\" than it is just a \"Shining City on a Hill.\" Maybe, maybe, Mr.President, if you visited some more places; maybe if you went to Appalachia where some people still live in sheds; maybe if you went to Lackawanna where thousands of unemployed steel workers wonder why we subsidized foreign steel.Maybe -- Maybe, Mr.President, if you stopped in at a shelter in Chicago and spoke to the homele there; maybe, Mr.President, if you asked a woman who had been denied the help she needed to feed her children because you said you

needed the money for a tax break for a millionaire or for a miile we couldn\'t afford to use.Maybe -- Maybe, Mr.President.But I\'m afraid not.Because the truth is, ladies and gentlemen, that this is how we were warned it would be.President Reagan told us from the very beginning that he believed in a kind of social Darwinism.Survival of the fittest.\"Government can\'t do everything,\" we were told, so it should settle for taking care of the strong and hope that economic ambition and charity will do the rest.Make the rich richer, and what falls from the table will be enough for the middle cla and those who are trying desperately to work their way into the middle cla.You know, the Republicans called it \"trickle-down\" when Hoover tried it.Now they call it \"supply side.\" But it\'s the same shining city for those relative few who are lucky enough to live in its good neighborhoods.But for the people who are excluded, for the people who are locked out, all they can do is stare from a distance at that city\'s glimmering towers.It\'s an old story.It\'s as old as our history.The difference between Democrats and Republicans has always been measured in courage and confidence.The Republicans -- The Republicans believe that the wagon train will not make it to the frontier unle some of the old, some of the young, some of the weak are left behind by the side of the trail.\"The strong\" -- \"The strong,\" they tell us, \"will inherit the land.\" We Democrats believe in something else.We democrats believe that we can make it all the way with the whole family intact, and we have more than once.Ever since Franklin Roosevelt lifted himself from his wheelchair to lift this nation from its knees -- wagon train after wagon train -- to new frontiers of education, housing, peace; the whole family aboard, constantly reaching out to extend and enlarge that family; lifting them up into the wagon on the way; blacks and Hispanics, and people of every ethnic group, and native Americans -- all those struggling to build their families and claim some small share of America.For nearly 50 years we carried them all to new levels of comfort, and security, and dignity, even affluence.And remember this, some of us in this room today are here only because this nation had that kind of confidence.And it would be wrong to forget that.

So, here we are at this convention to remind ourselves where we come from and to claim the future for ourselves and for our children.Today our great Democratic Party, which has saved this nation from depreion, from fascism, from racism, from corruption, is called upon to do it again -- this time to save the nation from confusion and division, from the threat of eventual fiscal disaster, and most of all from the fear of a nuclear holocaust.

That\'s not going to be easy.Mo Udall is exactly right -- it won\'t be easy.And in order to succeed, we must answer our opponent\'s polished and appealing rhetoric with a more telling reasonablene and rationality.We must win this case on the merits.We must get the American public to look past the glitter, beyond the showmanship to the reality, the hard substance of things.And we\'ll do it not so much with speeches that sound good as with speeches that are good and sound; not so much with speeches that will bring people to their feet as with speeches that will bring people to their senses.We must make -- We must make the American people hear our \"Tale of Two Cities.\" We must convince them that we don\'t have to settle for two cities, that we can have one city, indivisible, shining for all of its people.Now, we will have no chance to do that if what comes out of this convention is a babel of arguing voices.If that\'s what\'s heard throughout the campaign, diident sounds from all sides, we will have no chance to tell our meage.To succeed we will have to surrender some small parts of our individual interests, to build a platform that we can all stand on, at once, and comfortably -- proudly singing out.We need -- We need a platform we can all agree to so that we can sing out the truth for the nation to hear, in chorus, its logic so clear and commanding that no slick Madison Avenue commercial, no amount of geniality, no martial music will be able to muffle the sound of the truth.

And we Democrats must unite.We Democrats must unite so that the entire nation can unite, because surely the Republicans won\'t bring this country together.Their policies divide the nation into the lucky and the left-out, into the royalty and the rabble.The Republicans are willing to treat that division as victory.They would cut this nation in half, into those temporarily better off and those worse off than before, and they would call that division recovery.Now, we should not -- we should not be embarraed or dismayed or chagrined if the proce of unifying is difficult, even wrenching at times.Remember that, unlike any other Party, we embrace men and women of every color, every creed, every orientation, every economic cla.In our family are gathered everyone from the abject poor of Eex County in New York, to the enlightened affluent of the gold coasts at both ends of the nation.And in between is the heart of our constituency -- the middle cla, the people not rich enough to be worry-free, but not poor enough to be on welfare; the middle cla -- those people who work for a living because they have to, not because some psychiatrist told them it was a convenient way to fill the interval between birth and eternity.White collar and blue collar.Young profeionals.Men and women in small busine desperate for the capital and contracts that they need to prove their worth.We speak for the minorities who have not yet entered the mainstream.We speak for ethnics who want to add their culture to the magnificent mosaic that is America.We speak -- We speak for women who are indignant that this nation refuses to etch into its governmental commandments the simple rule \"thou shalt not sin against equality,\" a rule so simple --

I was going to say, and I perhaps dare not but I will.It\'s a commandment so simple it can be spelled in three letters: E.R.A.We speak -- We speak for young people demanding an education and a future.We speak for senior citizens.We speak for senior citizens who are terrorized by the idea that their only security, their Social Security, is being threatened.We speak for millions of reasoning people fighting to preserve our environment from greed and from stupidity.And we speak for reasonable people who are fighting to preserve our very existence from a macho intransigence that refuses to make intelligent attempts to discu the poibility of nuclear holocaust with our enemy.They refuse.They refuse, because they believe we can pile miiles so high that they will pierce the clouds and the sight of them will frighten our enemies into submiion.Now we\'re proud of this diversity as Democrats.We\'re grateful for it.We don\'t have to manufacture it the way the Republicans will next month in Dallas, by propping up mannequin delegates on the convention floor.But we, while we\'re proud of this diversity, we pay a price for it.The different people that we represent have different points of view.And sometimes they compete and even debate, and even argue.That\'s what our primaries were all about.But now the primaries are over and it is time, when we pick our candidates and our platform here, to lock arms and move into this campaign together.If you need any more inspiration to put some small part of your own difference aside to create this consensus, then all you need to do is to reflect on what the Republican policy of divide and cajole has done to this land since 1980.Now the President has asked the American people to judge him on whether or not he\'s fulfilled the promises he made four years ago.I believe, as Democrats, we ought to accept that challenge.And just for a moment let us consider what he has said and what he\'s done.Inflation -- Inflation is down since 1980, but not because of the supply-side miracle promised to us by the President.Inflation was reduced the old-fashioned way: with a receion, the worst since 1932.Now how did we -- We could have brought inflation down that way.How did he do it? 55,000 bankruptcies; two years of maive unemployment; 200,000 farmers and ranchers forced off the land; more homele -- more homele than at any time since the Great Depreion in 1932; more hungry, in

this world of enormous affluence, the United States of America, more hungry; more poor, most of them women.And -- And he paid one other thing, a nearly 200 billion dollar deficit threatening our future.Now, we must make the American people understand this deficit because they don\'t.The President\'s deficit is a direct and dramatic repudiation of his promise in 1980 to balance the budget by 1983.How large is it? The deficit is the largest in the history of the universe.It -- President Carter\'s last budget had a deficit le than one-third of this deficit.It is a deficit that, according to the President\'s own fiscal adviser, may grow to as much 300 billion dollars a year for \"as far as the eye can see.\" And, ladies and gentlemen, it is a debt so large -- that is almost one-half of the money we collect from the personal income tax each year goes just to pay the interest.It is a mortgage on our children\'s future that can be paid only in pain and that could bring this nation to its knees.Now don\'t take my word for it -- I\'m a Democrat.Ask the Republican investment bankers on Wall Street what they think the chances of this recovery being permanent are.You see, if they\'re not too embarraed to tell you the truth, they\'ll say that they\'re appalled and frightened by the President\'s deficit.Ask them what they think of our economy, now that it\'s been driven by the distorted value of the dollar back to its colonial condition.Now we\'re exporting agricultural products and importing manufactured ones.Ask those Republican investment bankers what they expect the rate of interest to be a year from now.And ask them -- if they dare tell you the truth -- you\'ll learn from them, what they predict for the inflation rate a year from now, because of the deficit.Now, how important is this question of the deficit.Think about it practically: What chance would the Republican candidate have had in 1980 if he had told the American people that he intended to pay for his so-called economic recovery with bankruptcies, unemployment, more homele, more hungry, and the largest government debt known to humankind? If he had told the voters in 1980 that truth, would American voters have signed the loan certificate for him on Election Day? Of course not! That was an election won under false pretenses.It was won with smoke and mirrors and illusions.And that\'s the kind of recovery we have now as well.But what about foreign policy? They said that they would make us and the whole world safer.They say they have.By creating the largest defense budget in history, one that even they now admit is exceive -- by escalating to a frenzy the nuclear arms race; by incendiary rhetoric; by refusing to discu peace with our enemies; by the lo of 279 young Americans in Lebanon in pursuit of a plan and a policy that no one can find or describe.We give money to Latin American governments that murder nuns, and then we lie about it.We have been le than zealous in support of our only real friend -- it seems to me, in the Middle East -- the one democracy there, our flesh and blood ally, the state of Israel.Our -- Our policy -- Our foreign policy drifts with no real direction, other than an hysterical commitment to an arms race that leads nowhere -- if we\'re lucky.And if we\'re not, it could lead us into bankruptcy or war.Of course we must have a strong defense! Of course Democrats are for a strong defense.Of course Democrats believe that there are times that we must stand and fight.And we have.Thousands of us have paid for freedom with our lives.But always -- when this country has been at its best -- our purposes were clear.Now they\'re not.Now our allies are as confused as our enemies.Now we have no real commitment to our friends or to our ideals -- not to human rights, not to the refuseniks, not to Sakharov, not to Bishop Tutu and the others struggling for freedom in South Africa.We -- We have in the last few years spent more than we can afford.We have pounded our chests and made bold speeches.But we lost 279 young Americans in Lebanon and we live behind sand bags in Washington.How can anyone say that we are safer, stronger, or better? That -- That is the Republican record.That its disastrous quality is not more fully understood by the

American people I can only attribute to the President\'s amiability and the failure by some to separate the salesman from the product.And, now -- now -- now it\'s up to us.Now it\'s up to you and to me to make the case to America.And to remind Americans that if they are not happy with all that the President has done so far, they should consider how much worse it will be if he is left to his radical proclivities for another four years unrestrained.Unrestrained.Now, if -- if July -- if July brings back Ann Gorsuch Burford -- what can we expect of December? Where would -- Where would another four years take us? Where would four years more take us? How much larger will the deficit be? How much deeper the cuts in programs for the struggling middle cla and the poor to limit that deficit? How high will the interest rates be? How much more acid rain killing our forests and fouling our lakes? And, ladies and gentlemen, please think of this -- the nation must think of this: What kind of Supreme Court will we have? Please.[beckons audience to settle down] We -- We must ask ourselves what kind of court and country will be fashioned by the man who believes in having government mandate people\'s religion and morality; the man who believes that trees pollute the environment; the man that believes that -- that the laws against discrimination against people go too far; a man who threatens Social Security and Medicaid and help for the disabled.How high will we pile the miiles? How much deeper will the gulf be between us and our enemies? And, ladies and gentlemen, will four years more make meaner the spirit of the American people? This election will measure the record of the past four years.But more than that, it will answer the question of what kind of people we want to be.We Democrats still have a dream.We still believe in this nation\'s future.And this is our answer to the question.This is our credo: We believe in only the government we need, but we insist on all the government we need.We believe in a government that is characterized by fairne and reasonablene, a reasonablene that goes beyond labels, that doesn\'t distort or promise to do things that we know we can\'t do.We believe in a government strong enough to use words like \"love\" and \"compaion\" and smart enough to convert our noblest aspirations into practical realities.We believe in encouraging the talented, but we believe that while survival of the fittest may be a good working description of the proce of evolution, a government of humans should elevate itself to a higher order.We -- Our -- Our government -- Our government should be able to rise to the level where it can fill the gaps that are left by chance or by a wisdom we don\'t fully understand.We would rather have laws written by the patron of this great city, the man called the \"world\'s most sincere Democrat,\" St.Francis of Aisi, than laws written by Darwin.We believe -- We believe as Democrats, that a society as bleed as ours, the most affluent democracy in the world\'s history, one that can spend trillions on instruments of destruction, ought to be able to help the middle cla in its struggle, ought to be able to find work for all who can do it, room at the table, shelter for the homele, care for the elderly and infirm, and hope for the destitute.And we proclaim as loudly as we can the utter insanity of nuclear proliferation and the need for a nuclear freeze, if only to affirm the simple truth that peace is better than war because life is better than death.We believe in firm -- We believe in firm but fair law and order. We believe proudly in the union movement.

We believe in a -- We believe -- We believe in privacy for people, openne by government. We believe in civil rights, and we believe in human rights.

We believe in a single -- We believe in a single fundamental idea that describes better than most textbooks and any speech that I could write what a proper government should be: the idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all, feeling one another\'s pain, sharing one another\'s bleings -- reasonably, honestly, fairly, without respect to race, or sex, or geography, or political affiliation.We believe we must be the family of America, recognizing that at the heart of the matter we are bound one to another, that the problems of a retired school teacher in Duluth are our problems; that the future of the child -- that the future of the child in Buffalo is our future; that the struggle of a disabled man in Boston to survive and live decently is our struggle; that the hunger of a woman in Little Rock is our hunger; that the failure anywhere to provide what reasonably we might, to avoid pain, is our failure.Now for 50 years -- for 50 years we Democrats created a better future for our children, using traditional Democratic principles as a fixed beacon, giving us direction and purpose, but constantly innovating, adapting to new realities: Roosevelt\'s alphabet programs; Truman\'s NATO and the GI Bill of Rights; Kennedy\'s intelligent tax incentives and the Alliance for Progre; Johnson\'s civil rights; Carter\'s human rights and the nearly miraculous Camp David Peace Accord.Democrats did it -- Democrats did it and Democrats can do it again.We can build a future that deals with our deficit.Remember this, that 50 years of progre under our principles never cost us what the last four years of stagnation have.And we can deal with the deficit intelligently, by shared sacrifice, with all parts of the nation\'s family contributing, building partnerships with the private sector, providing a sound defense without depriving ourselves of what we need to feed our children and care for our people.We can have a future that provides for all the young of the present, by marrying common sense and compaion.

We know we can, because we did it for nearly 50 years before 1980.And we can do it again, if we do not forget -- if we do not forget that this entire nation has profited by these progreive principles; that they helped lift up generations to the middle cla and higher; that they gave us a chance to work, to go to college, to raise a family, to own a house, to be secure in our old age and, before that, to reach heights that our own parents would not have dared dream of.That struggle to live with dignity is the real story of the shining city.And it\'s a story, ladies and gentlemen, that I didn\'t read in a book, or learn in a claroom.I saw it and lived it, like many of you.I watched a small man with thick calluses on both his hands work 15 and 16 hours a day.I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example.I learned about our kind of democracy from my father.And I learned about our obligation to each other from him and from my mother.They asked only for a chance to work and to make the world better for their children, and they -- they asked to be protected in those moments when they would not be able to protect themselves.This nation and this nation\'s government did that for them.And that they were able to build a family and live in dignity and see one of their children go from behind their little grocery store in South Jamaica on the other side of the tracks where he was born, to occupy the highest seat, in the greatest State, in the greatest nation, in the only world we would know, is an ineffably beautiful tribute to the democratic proce.And -- And ladies and gentlemen, on January 20, 1985, it will happen again -- only on a much, much grander scale.We will have a new President of the United States, a Democrat born not to the blood of kings but to the blood of pioneers and immigrants.And we will have America\'s first woman Vice President, the child of immigrants, and she -- she -- she will open with one magnificent stroke, a whole new frontier for the United States.

Now, it will happen.It will happen if we make it happen; if you and I make it happen.And I ask you now, ladies and gentlemen, brothers and sisters, for the good of all of us, for the love of this great nation, for the family of America, for the love of God: Please, make this nation remember how futures are built.Thank you and God ble you.

十一、Barbara Charline Jordan

Statement on the Articles of Impeachment Thank you, Mr.Chairman.

Mr.Chairman, I join my colleague Mr.Rangel in thanking you for giving the junior members of this committee the glorious opportunity of sharing the pain of this inquiry.Mr.Chairman, you are a strong man, and it has not been easy but we have tried as best we can to give you as much aistance as poible.Earlier today, we heard the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States: \"We, the people.\" It\'s a very eloquent beginning.But when that document was completed on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that \"We, the people.\" I felt somehow for many years that George Washington and Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake.But through the proce of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in \"We, the people.\" Today I am an inquisitor.An hyperbole would not be fictional and would not overstate the solemnne that I feel right now.My faith in the Constitution is whole; it is complete; it is total.And I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction, of the Constitution.\"Who can so properly be the inquisitors for the nation as the representatives of the nation themselves?\" \"The subjects of its jurisdiction are those offenses which proceed from the misconduct of public men.\"¹ And that\'s what we\'re talking about.In other words, [the jurisdiction comes] from the abuse or violation of some public trust.It is wrong, I suggest, it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to aert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office.The Constitution doesn\'t say that.The powers relating to impeachment are an eential check in the hands of the body of the legislature against and upon the encroachments of the executive.The division between the two branches of the legislature, the House and the Senate, aigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge, the framers of this Constitution were very astute.They did not make the accusers and the judgers -- and the judges the same person.We know the nature of impeachment.We\'ve been talking about it awhile now.It is chiefly designed for the President and his high ministers to somehow be called into account.It is designed to \"bridle\" the executive if he engages in excees.\"It is designed as a method of national inquest into the conduct of public men.\"² The framers confided in the Congre the power if need be, to remove the President in order to strike a delicate balance between a President swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the executive.The nature of impeachment: a narrowly channeled exception to the separation-of-powers maxim. The Federal Convention of 1787 said that.It limited impeachment to high crimes and misdemeanors and discounted and opposed the term \"maladministration.\" \"It is to be used only for great misdemeanors,\" so it was said in the North Carolina ratification convention.And in the Virginia

ratification convention: \"We do not trust our liberty to a particular branch.We need one branch to check the other.\" \"No one need be afraid\" -- the North Carolina ratification convention -- \"No one need be afraid that officers who commit oppreion will pa with immunity.\" \"Prosecutions of impeachments will seldom fail to agitate the paions of the whole community,\" said Hamilton in the Federalist Papers, number 65.\"We divide into parties more or le friendly or inimical to the accused.\"³ I do not mean political parties in that sense.The drawing of political lines goes to the motivation behind impeachment; but impeachment must proceed within the confines of the constitutional term \"high crime[s] and misdemeanors.\" Of the impeachment proce, it was Woodrow Wilson who said that \"Nothing short of the groest offenses against the plain law of the land will suffice to give them speed and effectivene.Indignation so great as to overgrow party interest may secure a conviction; but nothing else can.\" Common sense would be revolted if we engaged upon this proce for petty reasons.Congre has a lot to do: Appropriations, Tax Reform, Health Insurance, Campaign Finance Reform, Housing, Environmental Protection, Energy Sufficiency, Ma Transportation.Pettine cannot be allowed to stand in the face of such overwhelming problems.So today we are not being petty.We are trying to be big, because the task we have before us is a big one.This morning, in a discuion of the evidence, we were told that the evidence which purports to support the allegations of misuse of the CIA by the President is thin.We\'re told that that evidence is insufficient.What that recital of the evidence this morning did not include is what the President did know on June the 23rd, 1972.The President did know that it was Republican money, that it was money from the Committee for the Re-Election of the President, which was found in the poeion of one of the burglars arrested on June the 17th.What the President did know on the 23rd of June was the prior activities of E.Howard Hunt, which included his participation in the break-in of Daniel Ellsberg\'s psychiatrist, which included Howard Hunt\'s participation in the Dita Beard ITT affair, which included Howard Hunt\'s fabrication of cables designed to discredit the Kennedy Administration.We were further cautioned today that perhaps these proceedings ought to be delayed because certainly there would be new evidence forthcoming from the President of the United States.There has not even been an obfuscated indication that this committee would receive any additional materials from the President.The committee subpoena is outstanding, and if the President wants to supply that material, the committee sits here.The fact is that on yesterday, the American people waited with great anxiety for eight hours, not knowing whether their President would obey an order of the Supreme Court of the United States.At this point, I would like to juxtapose a few of the impeachment criteria with some of the actions the President has engaged in.Impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the Virginia ratification convention.\"If the President be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter him, he may be impeached.\" We have heard time and time again that the evidence reflects the payment to defendants money.The President had knowledge that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected for the 1972 presidential campaign.We know that the President met with Mr.Henry Petersen 27 times to discu matters related to Watergate, and immediately thereafter met with the very persons who were implicated in the information Mr.Petersen was receiving.The words are: \"If the President is connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter that person, he may be impeached.\" Justice Story: \"Impeachment\" is attended -- \"is intended for occasional and extraordinary cases where

a superior power acting for the whole people is put into operation to protect their rights and rescue their liberties from violations.\" We know about the Huston plan.We know about the break-in of the psychiatrist\'s office.We know that there was absolute complete direction on September 3rd when the President indicated that a surreptitious entry had been made in Dr.Fielding\'s office, after having met with Mr.Ehrlichman and Mr.Young.\"Protect their rights.\" \"Rescue their liberties from violation.\" The Carolina ratification convention impeachment criteria: those are impeachable \"who behave ami or betray their public trust.\"4 Beginning shortly after the Watergate break-in and continuing to the present time, the President has engaged in a series of public statements and actions designed to thwart the lawful investigation by government prosecutors.Moreover, the President has made public announcements and aertions bearing on the Watergate case, which the evidence will show he knew to be false.These aertions, false aertions, impeachable, those who misbehave.Those who \"behave ami or betray the public trust.\" James Madison again at the Constitutional Convention: \"A President is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution.\" The Constitution charges the President with the task of taking care that the laws be faithfully executed, and yet the President has counseled his aides to commit perjury, willfully disregard the secrecy of grand jury proceedings, conceal surreptitious entry, attempt to compromise a federal judge, while publicly displaying his cooperation with the procees of criminal justice.\"A President is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution.\" If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th-century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th-century paper shredder.Has the President committed offenses, and planned, and directed, and acquiesced in a course of conduct which the Constitution will not tolerate? That\'s the question.We know that.We know the question.We should now forthwith proceed to answer the question.It is reason, and not paion, which must guide our deliberations, guide our debate, and guide our decision.*I yield back the balance of my time, Mr.Chairman.*

十二、General Douglas MacArthur

Farewell Addre to Congre Mr.President, Mr.Speaker, and Distinguished Members of the Congre: I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride -- humility in the wake of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this forum of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised.Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race.I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the iues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan consideration.They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected.I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving that which I have to say as solely expreing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American.I addre you with neither rancor nor bitterne in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country.The iues are global and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector, oblivious to those of another, is but to court disaster for the whole.While Asia is commonly referred to as the Gateway to Europe, it is no le true that Europe is the Gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other.There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort.I can think

of no greater expreion of defeatism.If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his effort.The Communist threat is a global one.Its succeful advance in one sector threatens the destruction of every other sector.You can not appease or otherwise surrender to communism in Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe.Beyond pointing out these general truisms, I shall confine my discuion to the general areas of Asia.Before one may objectively ae the situation now existing there, he must comprehend something of Asia\'s past and the revolutionary changes which have marked her course up to the present.Long exploited by the so-called colonial powers, with little opportunity to achieve any degree of social justice, individual dignity, or a higher standard of life such as guided our own noble administration in the Philippines, the peoples of Asia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism and now see the dawn of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom. Mustering half of the earth\'s population, and 60 percent of its natural resources these peoples are rapidly consolidating a new force, both moral and material, with which to raise the living standard and erect adaptations of the design of modern progre to their own distinct cultural environments.Whether one adheres to the concept of colonization or not, this is the direction of Asian progre and it may not be stopped.It is a corollary to the shift of the world economic frontiers as the whole epicenter of world affairs rotates back toward the area whence it started.In this situation, it becomes vital that our own country orient its policies in consonance with this basic evolutionary condition rather than pursue a course blind to the reality that the colonial era is now past and the Asian peoples covet the right to shape their own free destiny.What they seek now is friendly guidance, understanding, and support -- not imperious direction -- the dignity of equality and not the shame of subjugation.Their pre-war standard of life, pitifully low, is infinitely lower now in the devastation left in war\'s wake.World ideologies play little part in Asian thinking and are little understood.What the peoples strive for is the opportunity for a little more food in their stomachs, a little better clothing on their backs, a little firmer roof over their heads, and the realization of the normal nationalist urge for political freedom.These political-social conditions have but an indirect bearing upon our own national security, but do form a backdrop to contemporary planning which must be thoughtfully considered if we are to avoid the pitfalls of unrealism.Of more direct and immediately bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean in the course of the past war.Prior thereto the western strategic frontier of the United States lay on the littoral line of the Americas, with an exposed island salient extending out through Hawaii, Midway, and Guam to the Philippines.That salient proved not an outpost of strength but an avenue of weakne along which the enemy could and did attack.The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force intent upon striking at the bordering land areas.All this was changed by our Pacific victory.Our strategic frontier then shifted to embrace the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat to protect us as long as we held it.Indeed, it acts as a protective shield for all of the Americas and all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area.We control it to the shores of Asia by a chain of islands extending in an arc from the Aleutians to the Mariannas held by us and our free allies.From this island chain we can dominate with sea and air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore -- and prevent any hostile movement into the Pacific.*Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious effort.* No amphibious force can be succeful without control of the sea lanes and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance.With naval and air supremacy and modest ground elements to defend bases, any major attack from continental Asia toward us or our friends in the Pacific would be doomed to failure.

Under such conditions, the Pacific no longer represents menacing avenues of approach for a prospective invader.It aumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake.Our line of defense is a natural one and can be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense.It envisions no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions eential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggreion.The holding of this littoral defense line in the western Pacific is entirely dependent upon holding all segments thereof; for any major breach of that line by an unfriendly power would render vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment.This is a military estimate as to which I have yet to find a military leader who will take exception.For that reason, I have strongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency, that under no circumstances must Formosa fall under Communist control.Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the lo of Japan and might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington.To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture over the past 50 years.China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous, being compartmented into groups divided against each other.The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets of the Confucian ideal of pacifist culture.At the turn of the century, under the regime of Chang Tso Lin, efforts toward greater homogeneity produced the start of a nationalist urge.This was further and more succefully developed under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek, but has been brought to its greatest fruition under the present regime to the point that it has now taken on the character of a united nationalism of increasingly dominant, aggreive tendencies.Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals.They now constitute excellent soldiers, with competent staffs and commanders.This has produced a new and dominant power in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Ruia but which in its own concepts and methods has become aggreively imperialistic, with a lust for expansion and increased power normal to this type of imperialism.There is little of the ideological concept either one way or another in the Chinese make-up.The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation has been so thoroughly diipated by war that the maes are desperate and eager to follow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies.I have from the beginning believed that the Chinese Communists\' support of the North Koreans was the dominant one.Their interests are, at present, parallel with those of the Soviet.But I believe that the aggreivene recently displayed not only in Korea but also in Indo-China and Tibet and pointing potentially toward the South reflects predominantly the same lust for the expansion of power which has animated every would-be conqueror since the beginning of time.The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history.With a commendable will, eagerne to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war\'s wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing proce there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice.

Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust.That it may be counted upon to wield a profoundly beneficial influence over the course of events in Asia is attested by the magnificent manner in which the Japanese people have met the recent challenge of war, unrest, and confusion surrounding them from the outside

and checked communism within their own frontiers without the slightest slackening in their forward progre.I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan.The results fully justified my faith.I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race.Of our former ward, the Philippines, we can look forward in confidence that the existing unrest will be corrected and a strong and healthy nation will grow in the longer aftermath of war\'s terrible destructivene.We must be patient and understanding and never fail them -- as in our hour of need, they did not fail us.A Christian nation, the Philippines stand as a mighty bulwark of Christianity in the Far East, and its capacity for high moral leadership in Asia is unlimited.

On Formosa, the government of the Republic of China has had the opportunity to refute by action much of the malicious goip which so undermined the strength of its leadership on the Chinese mainland.The Formosan people are receiving a just and enlightened administration with majority representation on the organs of government, and politically, economically, and socially they appear to be advancing along sound and constructive lines. With this brief insight into the surrounding areas, I now turn to the Korean conflict.While I was not consulted prior to the President\'s decision to intervene in support of the Republic of Korea, that decision from a military standpoint, proved a sound one, as we hurled back the invader and decimated his forces.Our victory was complete, and our objectives within reach, when Red China intervened with numerically superior ground forces.This created a new war and an entirely new situation, a situation not contemplated when our forces were committed against the North Korean invaders; a situation which called for new decisions in the diplomatic sphere to permit the realistic adjustment of military strategy.Such decisions have not been forthcoming.While no man in his right mind would advocate sending our ground forces into continental China, and such was never given a thought, the new situation did urgently demand a drastic revision of strategic planning if our political aim was to defeat this new enemy as we had defeated the old.Apart from the military need, as I saw It, to neutralize the sanctuary protection given the enemy north of the Yalu, I felt that military neceity in the conduct of the war made neceary: first the intensification of our economic blockade against China; two the imposition of a naval blockade against the China coast; three removal of restrictions on air reconnaiance of China\'s coastal areas and of Manchuria; four removal of restrictions on the forces of the Republic of China on Formosa, with logistical support to contribute to their effective operations against the common enemy.For entertaining these views, all profeionally designed to support our forces committed to Korea and bring hostilities to an end with the least poible delay and at a saving of countle American and allied lives, I have been severely criticized in lay circles, principally abroad, despite my understanding that from a military standpoint the above views have been fully shared in the past by practically every military leader concerned with the Korean campaign, including our own Joint Chiefs of Staff.

I called for reinforcements but was informed that reinforcements were not available.I made clear that if not permitted to destroy the enemy built-up bases north of the Yalu, if not permitted to utilize the friendly Chinese Force of some 600,000 men on Formosa, if not permitted to blockade the China coast to prevent the Chinese Reds from getting succor from without, and if there were to be no hope of major reinforcements, the position of the command from the military standpoint forbade victory.We could hold in Korea by constant maneuver and in an approximate area where our supply line advantages were in balance with the supply line disadvantages of the enemy, but we could hope at best for only an indecisive campaign with its terrible and constant attrition upon our forces if the enemy

utilized its full military potential.I have constantly called for the new political decisions eential to a solution.Efforts have been made to distort my position.It has been said, in effect, that I was a warmonger.Nothing could be further from the truth.I know war as few other men now living know it, and nothing to me is more revolting.I have long advocated its complete abolition, as its very destructivene on both friend and foe has rendered it usele as a means of settling international disputes.Indeed, on the second day of September, nineteen hundred and forty-five, just following the surrender of the Japanese nation on the Battleship Miouri, I formally cautioned as follows: Men since the beginning of time have sought peace.Various methods through the ages have been attempted to devise an international proce to prevent or settle disputes between nations.From the very start workable methods were found in so far as individual citizens were concerned, but the mechanics of an instrumentality of larger international scope have never been succeful.Military alliances, balances of power, Leagues of Nations, all in turn failed, leaving the only path to be by way of the crucible of war.The utter destructivene of war now blocks out this alternative.We have had our last chance.If we will not devise some greater and more equitable system, Armageddon will be at our door.The problem basically is theological and involves a spiritual recrudescence and improvement of human character that will synchronize with our almost matchle advances in science, art, literature, and all material and cultural developments of the past 2000 years.It must be of the spirit if we are to save the flesh.But once war is forced upon us, there is no other alternative than to apply every available means to bring it to a swift end.War\'s very object is victory, not prolonged indecision.In war there is no substitute for victory.There are some who, for varying reasons, would appease Red China.They are blind to history\'s clear leon, for history teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasement but begets new and bloodier war.It points to no single instance where this end has justified that means, where appeasement has led to more than a sham peace.Like blackmail, it lays the basis for new and succeively greater demands until, as in blackmail, violence becomes the only other alternative.\"Why,\" my soldiers asked of me, \"surrender military advantages to an enemy in the field?\" I could not answer.Some may say: to avoid spread of the conflict into an all-out war with China; others, to avoid Soviet intervention.Neither explanation seems valid, for China is already engaging with the maximum power it can commit, and the Soviet will not necearily mesh its actions with our moves.Like a cobra, any new enemy will more likely strike whenever it feels that the relativity in military or other potential is in its favor on a world-wide basis.The tragedy of Korea is further heightened by the fact that its military action is confined to its territorial limits.It condemns that nation, which it is our purpose to save, to suffer the devastating impact of full naval and air bombardment while the enemy\'s sanctuaries are fully protected from such attack and devastation.Of the nations of the world, Korea alone, up to now, is the sole one which has risked its all against communism.The magnificence of the courage and fortitude of the Korean people defies description. They have chosen to risk death rather than slavery.Their last words to me were: \"Don\'t scuttle the Pacific!\" I have just left your fighting sons in Korea.They have met all tests there, and I can report to you without reservation that they are splendid in every way.It was my constant effort to preserve them and end this savage conflict honorably and with the least

lo of time and a minimum sacrifice of life.Its growing bloodshed has caused me the deepest anguish and anxiety.

Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always.I am closing my 52 years of military service.When I joined the Army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all of my boyish hopes and dreams.The world has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and the hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain of one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that \"old soldiers never die; they just fade away.\" And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty.Good Bye.

十三、Jee Jackson

1984 Democratic National Convention Addre Thank you very much.Tonight we come together bound by our faith in a mighty God, with genuine respect and love for our country, and inheriting the legacy of a great Party, the Democratic Party, which is the best hope for redirecting our nation on a more humane, just, and peaceful course.This is not a perfect party.We are not a perfect people.Yet, we are called to a perfect miion.Our miion: to feed the hungry; to clothe the naked; to house the homele; to teach the illiterate; to provide jobs for the joble; and to choose the human race over the nuclear race.We are gathered here this week to nominate a candidate and adopt a platform which will expand, unify, direct, and inspire our Party and the nation to fulfill this miion.My constituency is the desperate, the damned, the disinherited, the disrespected, and the despised.They are restle and seek relief.They have voted in record numbers.They have invested the faith, hope, and trust that they have in us.The Democratic Party must send them a signal that we care.I pledge my best not to let them down.There is the call of conscience, redemption, expansion, healing, and unity.Leadership must heed the call of conscience, redemption, expansion, healing, and unity, for they are the key to achieving our miion.Time is neutral and does not change things.With courage and initiative, leaders change things.No generation can choose the age or circumstance in which it is born, but through leadership it can choose to make the age in which it is born an age of enlightenment, an age of jobs, and peace, and justice.Only leadership -- that intangible combination of gifts, the discipline, information, circumstance, courage, timing, will and divine inspiration -- can lead us out of the crisis in which we find ourselves.Leadership can mitigate the misery of our nation.Leadership can part the waters and lead our nation in the direction of the Promised Land.Leadership can lift the boats stuck at the bottom.I have had the rare opportunity to watch seven men, and then two, pour out their souls, offer their service, and heal and heed the call of duty to direct the course of our nation.There is a proper season for everything.There is a time to sow and a time to reap.There\'s a time to compete and a time to cooperate.I ask for your vote on the first ballot as a vote for a new direction for this Party and this nation -- a vote of conviction, a vote of conscience.But I will be proud to support the nominee of this convention for the Presidency of the United States of America.Thank you.I have watched the leadership of our party develop and grow.My respect for both Mr.Mondale and Mr.Hart is great.I have watched them struggle with the crowinds and crofires of being public servants, and I believe they will both continue to try to serve us faithfully.

第13篇：名人名校励志英语演讲稿

名人名校励志英语演讲稿：Dare to Compete, Dare to Care 敢于竞争，勇于关爱---美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿耶鲁大学演讲

Dare to compete.Dare to care.Dare to dream.Dare to love.Practice the art of making poible.And no matter what happens, even if you hear shouts behind, keep going.要敢于竞争，敢于关爱，敢于憧憬，大胆去爱！要努力创造奇迹！无论发生什么，即使有人在你背后大声喊叫，也要勇往直前。

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What I think most about when I think of Yale is not just the politically charged atmosphere and not even just the superb legal education that I received.It was at Yale that I began work that has been at the core of what I have cared about ever since.I began working with New Haven legal services representing children.And I studied child development, abuse and neglect at the Yale New Haven Hospital and the Child Study Center.I was lucky enough to receive a civil rights internship with Marian Wright Edelman at the Children’s Defense Fund, where I went to work after I graduated.Those experiences fueled in me a paion to work for the benefit of children, particularly the most vulnerable.

Now, looking back, there is no way that I could have predicted what path my life would have taken.I didn’t sit around the law school, saying, well, you know, I think I’ll graduate and then I’ll go to work at the Children’s Defense Fund, and then the impeachment inquiry, and Nixon retired or resigns, I’ll go to Arkansas.I didn’t think like that.I was taking each day at a time.

But, I’ve been very fortunate because I’ve always had an idea in my mind about what I thought was important and what gave my life meaning and purpose.A set of values and beliefs that have helped me navigate the shoals, the sometimes very treacherous sea, to illuminate my own true desires, despite that others say about what l should care about and believe in.A paion to succeed at what l thought was important and children have always provided that lone star, that guiding light.Because l have that absolute conviction that every child, especially in this, the most bleed of nations that has ever existed on the face of earth, that every child deserves the opportunity to live up to his or her God-given potential.

I was there because of Billy Jean King promoting an HBO special about women in sports called “Dare to compete.” It was about Title IX and how we finally, thanks to government action, provided opportunities to girls and women in sports.

And although I played not very well at intramural sports, I have always been a strong supporter of women in sports.And I was introduced by this young woman, and as I went to shake her hand she obviously had been reading the newspapers about people saying I should or shouldn’t run for the Senate.And I was congratulating her on the speech she had just made and she held onto my hand and she said, “Dare to compete, Mrs.Clinton.Dare to compete.”

I took that to heart because it is hard to compete sometimes, especially in public ways, when your failures are there for everyone to see and you don’t know what is going to happen from one day to the next.And yet so much of life, whether we like to accept it or not, is competing with ourselves to be the best we can be, being involved in claes or profeions or just life, where we know we are competing with others.

I took her advice and I did compete because I chose to do so.And the biggest choices that you’ll face in your life will be yours alone to make.I’m sure you’ll receive good advice.You’re got a great education to go back and reflect about what is right for you, but you eventually will have to choose and I hope that you will dare to compete.And by that I don’t mean the kind of cutthroat competition that is too often characterized by what is driving America today.I mean the small voice inside you that says to you, you can do it, you can take this risk, you can take this next step.

And it doesn’t mean that once having made that choice you will always succeed.In fact, you won’t.There are setbacks and you will experience difficult disappointments.You will be slowed down and sometimes the breath will just be knocked out of you.But if you carry with you the values and beliefs that you can make a difference in your own life, first and foremost, and then in the lives of others.You can get back up, you can keep going.

You compare my or your circumstances with those of the majority of people who’ve ever lived or who are living right now, they too often are born knowing too well what their futures will be.They lack the freedom to choose their life’s path.They’re imprisoned by circumstances of poverty and ignorance, bigotry, disease, hunger, oppreion and war.

You have been there trying to serve because you have believed both that it was the right thing to do and because it gave something back to you.You have dared to care.

And I’ll also add, dare enough to care about our political proce.You know, as I go and speak with students I’m impreed so much, not only in formal settings, on campuses, but with my daughter and her friends, about how much you care, about how willing you are to volunteer and serve.You may have mied the last wave of the dot.com revolution, but you’ve understood that the dot.community revolution is there for you every single day.And you’ve been willing to be part of remarking lives in our community.

Your generation, the first one born after the social upheavals of the 60’s and 70’s, in the midst of the technological advances of the 80’s and 90’s, are inheriting an economy, a society and a government that has yet to understand fully, or even come to grips with, our rapidly changing world.

And so bring your values and experiences and insights into politics.Dare to help make, not just a difference in politics, but create a different politics.Some have called you the generation of choice.You’ve been raised with multiple choice tests, multiple channels, multiple websites and multiple lifestyles.You’ve grown up choosing among alternatives that were either not imagined, created or available to people in prior generations.

You’ve been invested with far more personal power to customize your life, to make more free choices about how to live than was ever thought poible.And I think as I look at all the surveys and research that is done, your choices reflect not only freedom, but personal responsibility.

The social indicators, not the headlines, the social indicators tell a positive story: drug use and cheating and arrests being down, been pregnancy and suicides, drunk driving deaths being down.Community service and religious involvement being up.But if you look at the area of voting among 18 to 29 year olds, the numbers tell a far more troubling tale.Many of you I know believe that service and community volunteerism is a better way of solving the iues facing our country than political engagement, because you believe-choose one of the following multiples or choose them all-government either can’t understand or won’t make the right choices because of political preures, inefficiency, incompetence or big money influence.

Well, I admit there is enough truth in that critique to justify feeling disconnected and alienated.But at bottom, that’s a personal cop-out and a national peril.Political conditions maximize the conditions for individual opportunity and responsibility as well as community.Americorps and the Peace Corps exist because of political decisions.Our air, water, land and food will be clean and safe because of political choices.Our ability to cure disease or log onto the Internet have been advanced because of politically determined investments.Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo ended because of political leadership.Your parents and grandparents traveled here by means of government built and subsidized transportation systems.Many used GI Bills or government loans, as I did, to attend college.

Now, I could, as you might gue, go on and on, but the point is to remind us all that government is us and each generation has to stake its claim.And, as stakeholders, you will have to decide whether or not to make the choice to participate.It is hard and it is, bringing change in a democracy, particularly now.There’s so much about our modern times that conspire to lower our sights, to weaken our vision-as individuals and communities and even nations.

It is not the vast conspiracy you may have heard about; rather it’s a silent conspiracy of cynicism and indifference and alienation that we see every day, in our popular culture and in our prodigious consumerism.

But as many have said before and as Vaclav Havel has said to memorably, “It cannot suffice just to invent new machines, new regulations and new institutions.It is neceary to understand differently and more perfectly the true purpose of our existence on this Earth and of our deeds.” And I think we are called on to reject, in this time of bleings that we enjoy, those who will tear us apart and tear us down and instead to liberate our God-given spirit, by being willing to dare to dream of a better world.

During my campaign, when times were tough and days were long I used to think about the example of Harriet Tubman, a heroic New Yorker, a 19th century Moses, who risked her life to bring hundreds of slaves to freedom.She would say to those who she gathered up in the South where she kept going back year after year from the safety of Auburn, New York, that no matter what happens, they had to keep going.If they heard shouts behind them, they had to keep going.If they heard gunfire or dogs, they had to keep going to freedom.Well, those aren’t the risks we face.It is more the silence and apathy and indifference that dogs our heels.

For after all, our fate is to be free.To choose competition over apathy, caring over indifference, vision over myopia, and love over hate.

Just as this is a special time in your lives, it is for me as well because my daughter will be graduating in four weeks, graduating also from a wonderful place with a great education and beginning a new life.And as I think about all the parents and grandparents who are out there, I have a sense of what their feeling.Their hearts are leaping with joy, but it’s hard to keep tears in check because the presence of our children at a time and place such as this is really a fulfillment of our own American dreams.Well, I applaud you and all of your love, commitment and hard work, just as I applaud your daughters and sons for theirs.

Thank you and God ble you all.

第14篇：名人的英语演讲稿（定稿）

名人英语演讲稿 tribute to diana 致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞

在全世界，戴安娜是同情心、责任心、风度和美丽的化身，是无私和人道的象征，是维护真正被践踏的权益的旗手，是一个超越国界的英国女孩，是一个带有自然的高贵气质的人，是一个不分阶层的人。 this is the text of earl spencers tribute to his sister at her funeral.there is some very deep, powerful and heartfelt sentiment.would that those at whom it is aimed would take heed.the versions posted on several news services had minor errors.this is precisely as it was deliverd. i stand before you today the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock. we are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to diana but rather in our need to do so. for such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they, too, lost someone close to them in the early hours of sunday morning.it is a more remarkable tribute to diana than i can ever hope to offer her today. today is our chance to say thank you for the way you brightened our lives, even though god granted you but half a life.we will all feel cheated, always, that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. only now you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that life without you is very, very difficult. we have all despaired at our lo over the past week and only the strength of the meage you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward. there is a temptation to rush to canonize your memory.there is no need to do so.you stand tall enough as a human being of unique qualities not to need to be seen as a saint.indeed to sanctify your memory would be to mi out on the very core of your being, your wonderfully mischievous sense of humor with the laugh that bent you double, your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile, and the sparkle in those unforgettable eyes, your boundle energy which you could barely contain. but your greatest gift was your intuition, and it was a gift you used wisely.this is what underpinned all your wonderful attributes.and if we look to analyze what it was about you that had such a wide appeal, we find it in your instinctive feel for what was really important in all our lives. without your god-given sensitivity, we would be immersed in greater ignorance at the anguish of aids and hiv sufferers, the plight of the homele, the isolation of lepers, the random destruction of land mines.diana explained to me once that it was her innermost feelings of suffering that made it poible for her to connect with her constituency of the rejected. the world sensed this part of her character and cherished her for her vulnerability, whilst admiring her for her honesty.the last time i saw diana was on july the first, her birthday, in london, when typically she was not taking time to celebrate her special day with friends but was guest of honor at a fund-raising charity evening. she sparkled of course, but i would rather cherish the days i spent with her in march when she came to visit me and my children in our home in south africa.i am proud of the fact that apart from when she was on public display meeting president mandela, we managed to contrive to stop the ever-present paparazzi from getting a single picture of her. that meant a lot to her. these were days i will always treasure.it was as if wed been transported back to our childhood, when we spent such an enormous amount of time together, the two youngest in the family. fundamentally she hadnt changed at all from the big sister who mothered me as a baby, fought with me at school and endured those long train journeys between our parents homes with me at weekends.it is a tribute to her level-headedne and strength that despite the most bizarre life imaginable after her childhood, she remained intact, true to herself. there is no doubt that she was looking for a new direction in her life at this time.she talked endlely of getting away from england, mainly because of the treatment she received at the hands of the newspapers. i dont think she ever understood why her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent quest on their behalf to bring her down.it is baffling.my own, and only, explanation is that genuine goodne is threatening to those at the opposite end of the moral spectrum. it is a point to remember that of all the ironies about diana, perhaps the greatest was this; that a girl given the name of the ancient godde of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age. she would want us today to pledge ourselves to protecting her beloved boys william and harry from a similar fate.and i do this here, diana, on your behalf.we will not allow them to suffer the anguish that used regularly to drive you to tearful despair. beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, i pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative and loving way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men, so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned. we fully respect the heritage into which they have both been born, and will always respect and encourage them in their royal role.but we, like you, recognize the need for them to experience as many different aspects of life as poible, to arm them spiritually and emotionally for the years ahead.i know you would have expected nothing le from us. william and harry, we all care desperately for you today.we are all chewed up with sadne at the lo of a woman who wasnt even our mother.how great your suffering is we cannot even imagine. i would like to end by thanking god for the small mercies he has shown us at this dreadful time; for taking diana at her most beautiful and radiant and when she had joy in her private life. hello,every body !thank you .thank you ,every body!all right,every body go ahead and have a seat.how is everybody doing today?i am here with students at wakefield higt school.and we have students tuning in from all acro america,from kindergraten through 12th grade.and i am just so glad that all could join us today .and i want to thank wakefield for being such an outstanding host .give yourselves a big round of appluse. i know that for many of you ,today is the first day of school.and for thoses of you in kindengraten ,or starting middle or high school ,is you first day in a new school,so is understandable if you are a little nervous.i imagine there are some seniors out there who are felling pretty good right now,with just one more year to go .and no matter grade you are in,some of you are probably wishing it were still sumer and you could have stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning. i know that felling ,when i was young,my family lived oversea.i lived in indonesia for a few years.and my mothor,she didn’t have the money to send me where all the american kids went to school ,but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an american education,so she decided to teach me extra leons herself ,monday though firday ,but she had to go to work.the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning . mr.president, ladies and gentlemen,good afternoon! 主席先生，各位来宾，大家午安！ before i introduce our cultural programs, only tell you one thing first about 2008.youre going tohave a great time in beijing. 在我介绍我们的文化项目之前，首先我要告诉你们一件有关于2008的事情，那就是你们将在北京度过一段美好的时光。 many people are fascinated by chin sport legends in the history.for example, back to songdynasty, which was the 11th century, people in our country started to play a game called cuju,which is regarded as the origin of ancient football.the game was so popular that women were alsoparticipating.now, you would probably understand why our womens football team does so welltoday. 很多人都对中国历史上的体育传奇感兴趣。例如，早在宋代，大约11世纪，人们开始玩一个叫蹴鞠的游戏，这被看作是足球古老的起源。这个游戏很受欢迎，妇女也来参加。现在，你就会明白，为什么我们的女子足球队这么厉害了。 there are a lot more wonderful and exciting events waiting for you in the new beijing, a modernmetropolis with 3,000 years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry.along with theiconic imagery of the forbidden city, the temple of heaven and the great wall, the city also offersan endle mixture of theatres, museums, discos, all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls whichwill amaze and delight you. volve youngpeople from around the world.during the olympics, these activites will also be held in the olympicvillage and in the city for the benefit of the athletes. 基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力将有新的突破，从奥林匹亚开始，穿越一些最古老的国家文明古国——希腊、罗马、埃及、拜占庭、美索不达米亚、波斯、阿拉伯、印度和中国。携带的信息“分享和平，分享奥运”永恒的火焰将达到新的高峰，因为它将穿越喜马拉雅山在世界的最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在中国，圣火还将穿过西藏，穿越长江与黄河，游历长城，并拜访香港，澳门，台湾和56个民族的人们，在这一历程之中，圣火的观看人数将超越所有之前的传递，儿它也将被激励更多的人参与到奥林匹克的大家庭中。 i am afraid i can not give you the full picture of our cultural programs within such a short period oftime.before i end, let me share with you one story.seven hundred years ago, amazed by hisincredible description of a far away land of great beauty, people asked marco polo whether hitories about china were true.and marco answered: what i have told you was not even half ofwhat i saw.actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of the beijing thatawaits you. 在这么短的时间里，我恐怕不能介绍现在的中华全貌与我们的文化，在我结束前，让我跟大家分享这样一个故事，七百年前，马可波罗来到中国，马可波罗曾对中国的美丽有过惊奇的描述，人们对他描述感到十分惊讶，人们问马可波罗他的故事是不是真的，他回答道：我告诉你的连我看到的一半都没有达到。其实,我们已经介绍的只是一小部分，北京正在等待着你！

ladies and gentlemen，我相信北京将向你们所有人证明它是一片神奇的土地, 不论是运动员，观众，还是全世界的电视观众。来吧，和我们一起来吧！谢谢主席先生。谢谢大家。现在再次由请何振梁先生讲话。

第15篇：心灵英语：演讲稿世界名人演讲稿

心灵英语：世界名人演讲稿集萃演讲稿

经典的书契能够给人以美的享受，发人深省的演讲能够给人以力量，特整理了经典的名人英文演讲，但愿广大朋友能够在阅读的时候，不仅能够提高英语水平，还能在人生的认识中产生一些新的启示！为了

...

经典的书契能够给人以美的享受，发人深省的演讲能够给人以力量，特整理了经典的名人英文演讲，但愿广大朋友能够在阅读的时候，不仅能够提高英语水平，还能在人生的认识中产生一些新的启示！

为了易于各人学习和理解，我尽可能加上名人生平先容和历史违景先容。

罗斯福：国会珍珠港演讲(中英文对照)

Mr.Vice President,Mr.Speaker,Members of the Senate,and of the House of

Representatives：

Yesterday,December 7th,1941--a date which will live in infamy--the United

States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air

forces of the Empire of Japan.

The United States was at peace with that nation and,at the solicitation of

Japan,was still in conversation with its government and its emperor

looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.

以下是富兰克林·罗斯福国会珍珠港演讲英文原文：

Mr.Vice President,Mr.Speaker,Members of the Senate,and of the House of

Representatives：

Yesterday,December 7th,1941--a date which will live in infamy--the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.The United States was at peace with that nation and,at the solicitation of

Japan,was still in conversation with its government and its emperor

looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.

点这儿在线下载：罗斯福：国会珍珠港演讲音频

Indeed,one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the

American island of Oahu,the Japanese ambaador to the United States and

his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State aformal reply to arecent

American meage.And while this reply stated that it seemed usele to

continue the existing diplomatic negotiations,it contained no threat or

hint of war or of armed attack.

It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it

obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks

ago.During the intervening time,the Japanese government has deliberately

sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of

hope for continued peace.

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to

American naval and military forces.I regret to tell you that very many

American lives have been lost.In addition,American ships have been

reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francis co and

HonoluluYesterday,the Japanese government also launched an attack against

Malaya.

Last night,Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.Last night,Japanese forces attacked Guam.Last night,Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.Last night,the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

And thi--orning,the Japanese attacked Midway Island.

Japan has,therefore,undertaken asurprise offensive extending throughout

the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.The

people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well

understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

As commander in chief of the Army and Navy,I have directed that all

measures be taken for our defense.But always will our whole nation

remember the character of the onslaught against us.

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated

invasion,the American people in their righteou--ight will win through to

absolute victory.

I believe that Iinterpret the will of the Congre and of the people when

Iaert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost,but will

make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again

endanger us.

Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that our people,our

territory,and our interests are in grave danger.With confidence in our armed forces,with the unbounding determination of our people,we will gain the inevitable triumph--so help us God.I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly

attack by Japan on Sunday,December 7th,1941,a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.以下是富兰克林·罗斯福国会珍珠港演讲中文翻译：致美国国会：

昨天，1941年12月7日--一个遗臭万年的日期--美利坚合众国遭到了日本帝国海军和空军蓄谋已久的俄然袭击。

合众国当时同该国处于和平状态，并且，根据日本的请求，当时仍在同该国政府和该国天皇举行着会话，但愿维持承平洋地域的和平，实际上，就在日本空队伍中队已经起头轰炸美国瓦胡岛然后一钟头，日本驻合众国大使及其同事还向国务卿提交处理了对美国最近致日方的信函的正式答复。虽则复函声言继续现行交际谈判已一无用法，它并未包罗关于战争或武装进击的威胁或暗示。

应该记录在案的是：思量到夏威夷同日本的间隔，此次进击显然是很多天乃至若干礼拜之前就已蓄谋筹谋的。在筹谋的历程中，日本政府通过虚假的声明和表示但愿维护和平处心积虑地棍骗合众国。

昨天对夏威夷群岛的进击，给美国海陆军军队造成了紧张的损伤。我遗憾地告诉各位，很多美国人损失了生命。此外，据报告，美国商船在旧金山和火奴鲁鲁之间的公海上也遭到了鱼雷袭击。

昨天，日本政府已策动了对马来亚的进击。

昨夜，日本军队袭击了喷鼻港。

昨夜，日本军队攻击了关岛。

昨夜，日本军队攻击了菲律宾群岛。昨夜，日本人袭击了威克岛。今晨，日本人袭击了中途岛。因此，日本在整个承平洋地区范围承平洋地区范围策动了俄然攻势。发生在昨天和今天的事证实了这一点。美国人民很是明白，并且十分清楚这关系到我们国家的安全和保存的紧张事态。

作为三军总司令，我已申令，采取一切措施保卫我们的国家。

我们整个国家都将永远记住此次对我们的无耻进击。

不论要用多长的时间才气战胜此次蓄谋已久的入侵，美国人民以自己的公理力量必患上赢患上绝对的胜利。

我现在断言，我们不仅要作出最大的努力来保卫我们自己，我们还将确保这种形式的违信弃义永远不会再威胁到我们。我相信抒发了国会和人民的意志。

战争已经起头。我国人民，我国国土和我国利益都处于紧张危险之中，对此我们不必闪烁其辞。

相信我们的武装军队--依靠我国人民的坚定刻意--我们必将取患上最后的胜利--愿天主助我！

我要求国会宣布：自1941年12月7日--礼拜天日本举行无缘无故和鄙俚胆小的进击时起，合众国和日本帝国之间已处于战争状态。美国第32任总统富兰克林·D·罗斯福(Franklin

D.Roosevelt)(1933-1945)，一直被视为美国历史上最伟大的总统之一，是20世纪美国最孚人望和受爱戴的总统，也是美国历史上惟一蝉联4届总统的人，从1933年3月起，直至1945年4月去世时截止，担任职务长达12年。曾赢患上美国民众长达7周的高支持率，创下历史记录。

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福出生于纽约。父亲詹姆斯·罗斯福是一个百万财主。母亲萨拉·德拉诺比父亲小26岁。罗斯福曾就读于哈佛大学和哥伦比亚大学。1910年任纽约州参议员。1913年任海军部副部长。1921年因患脊髓灰质炎致残。1928年任纽约州长。1932年竞选总统获胜。执政后，以\"新政\"对付经济危机，颇有成效，故获患上1936年、1940年、1944年大选蝉联。第二次世界大战初，美国采取不参与政策，但对希特勒采取倔强手段，以\"租借法\"支持同盟国。1941年底，美国参战。罗斯福代表美国两次参加同盟国\"三巨头\"会议。罗斯福政府提出了轴心国必需无条件投降的原则并获患上了实施。罗斯福提出了建立联合国的构想，也获患上了实施。63岁时由于脑溢血去世。

很多网友相信都看过影戏《珍珠港》(Pearl

Harbor)，第二次世界大战在欧亚大陆打的如火如荼，而跨海相隔的美国却隔岸不雅火，仿佛事不关己。直至1941年12月7日早晨7点53分，日本奇袭美军在夏威夷的基地珍珠港。次日，美国总统罗斯福在国会愤然揭晓了这篇的演讲，至此，承平洋战争全面爆发。日本狙击珍珠港的历史违景：

日本从1941年中起头向东南亚的发展引起了这个地域主要强国的不安，为了给日本一点颜色，美国冻结了对日本的经济贸易，其中重要的是高辛烷石油，没有石油日本的飞机无法仙游，舰艇无法在海中行驶，日本就无法继续对外扩张。

加上日本的石油只能维持半年的时间，日本明白，要么从其中国撤军，停止对外扩张，交际上向美国挨近。要么自组旗帜，南下夺取战略资源，继续加强对外侵略。南洋有美国，英国，荷兰的半殖民地，进兵南洋就等于向美盎司国宣战。

承平洋上的珍珠港是交通的主要枢纽，夏威夷东距美国西海岸，西距日本，西南到诸岛群，北到阿拉斯加和白令海峡，都在2000海里到3000海里之间，跨越承平洋南来北往的飞机，都以夏威夷为中续站。日本认为先在承平洋上夺取制空制海权就意味着南下的道路没有阻碍畅通，必需先摧毁珍珠港，于是日本筹谋了珍珠港奇袭。

日本政府决定占领东南亚的资源作为对禁运的回答。他们不克不及假定，假如他们起头行动了，美国会在一旁袖手旁不雅?这是山本半百六思量事先覆灭美国在承平洋的力量的原因。日本联合舰队司令山本半百六袭击珍珠港的海军基地的计划是实现这个战略目的中的一个战术步骤。日本资料显示山本于1941年初起头思量袭击珍珠港。数月后，在做了一些预先考察后，他被批准起头准备这个行动。日本海军内部有强烈的阻挡这样一个行动的力量。山本威胁，假如这个行动被中止的话，他将引退。1941年夏，在一次由日本天皇亲自出席的御前会议上，这个行动正式被批准。11月，在另一次天皇亲自出席的御前会议上，出兵承平洋的决定被批准。在11月的会议上还决定，只有在美国完全同意日本主要要求的的环境下才放弃此次行动。

袭击珍珠港的目的是为了(至少暂时)覆灭美国海军在承平洋上的主力。袭击珍珠港计划的筹谋者山本半百六本人认为一次成功的袭击只能带来一年左右的战略上风。从1931年起头日本与中邦交战，此前天本占领了满洲。从1941年1月日本起头计划袭击珍珠港以取患上战略上风，颠末一些海军内部的讨论和争执后从年中起头日本海军起头为此次行动举行严格的训练。

日本计划的一部分是在袭击前(并且必需在袭击前)中止与美国的协商。到12月7日截止，日本驻华盛顿大使中的交际官一直在与美外洋交部举行很广泛的讨论，包括美国对日本在1941年夏入侵东南亚的反应。袭击前天本大使从日本交际部获患上了一封很长的电报，并受令在袭击前(华盛顿时间下午一时)将它递交国务卿科德尔·赫尔。但大使人员未能实时解码和打印这篇很长的国书。最后这篇宣战书在袭击后才递交给美国。这个延迟增长了美国对此次袭击的愤怒，它是罗斯福总统将这天称为\"一个无耻的日期\"的主要原因。山本上将似乎同意这个不雅点。在日美合拍的影戏《虎！虎！虎！》中他被援用说：\"我恐怕我们将一个甜睡的伟人叫醒了，现在他充满了愤怒。\"(这句话山本本人可能从未说过，即使如此他似乎的确如此觉患上)。

实际上这篇国书在日本递交美国前就已经被美国解码了。乔治·卡特利特·马歇尔在读过这篇国著作后面立刻向夏威夷送出了一张紧急警告，但由于美军内部传送系统的混乱这篇电报不患上不通过民用电信局来传达。在路上它落空了它的\"紧急\"标志。袭击数钟头后一个年轻的日裔美国邮递员将这张电保送到美军司令部。林肯(1809~1865)

Lincoln，Abraham

美国总统(1861~1865)。1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。自幼从事体力劳动，成年后当过雇农、船夫、小市肆伴计，也做过村落邮务员和土地测量员。

林肯没有受过系统的教诲，可是通过自学，涉猎了关于法律、文学、修辞学及历史等方面的书籍，尤其是专攻法律。1834~1840年4次被选入伊利诺伊州议会。1836年通过律师资格考试，开业当律师。1838年公开阻挡奴隶制，成为州议会辉格党的领袖。

1847年，当选为美国国会众议员。他的主张和活动代表北方资产阶层的利益。阻挡奴隶制度，但不是废奴主义者，阻挡立刻解放奴隶，更阻挡解放奴隶而不给奴隶主以赔偿。因此，在阻挡奴隶制问题上他归属温和派。1856年加入共和党。在1860年的总统选举中，共和党获胜，林肯当选为总统。不久，南方奴隶主策动叛乱，挑起南北战争。1862年五月林肯颁布《宅地法》，划定公民缴付10美元登记费，可在西部领取64.74公顷土地，耕种5年后归其所有。林肯为了早日恢复联邦的统一而积极筹谋和带领战争，但他最初不敢触动南方奴隶制度。1862年9月22日，由于战况不利和人--动的压力，揭晓预报性的《解放宣言》草案。这个宣言标志着林肯从阻挡奴隶制度改变为废奴主义者。1862年末，他不顾保守分子一再施加的压力，拒不收回关于解放奴隶的决定，并在1863年1月1日揭晓正式的《解放宣言》。厥后又竭尽全尽力促使使国会两院通过宪法第13条修正案。该修正案划定在合众国国土上永远禁绝奴隶制。为了把阻挡奴隶制的战争举行到底，1863年，他坚决征召黑人参加部队，使成千累万的黑人走上战场，为战争的胜利作出了伟大的贡献。1864年3月，他升引U.S.格兰特为联邦军总司令，这对于内战的最后胜利起了相当重要的作用。

1864年11月林肯再次当选为总统。1865年4月14日晚，林肯在华盛顿的福特剧院里被维护奴隶制的狂热分子J.W.布思开枪打伤，翌晨逝世。林肯：葛底斯堡演讲(中英文)

The Gettysburg Addre Gettysburg,Pennsylvania November 19,1863 Four score

and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent,a new

nation,conceived in Liberty,and dedicated to the proposition that all men

are created equal.

Now we are engaged in agreat civil war,testing whether that nation,or any

nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.We are met on agreat

battle-field of that war.We have come to dedicate aportion of that

field,as afinal resting place for those who here gave their lives that

that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should

do this.

But,in alarger sense,we can not dedicate--we can not consecrate--we can

not hallow--this ground.The brave men,living and dead,who struggled

here,have consecrated it,far above our poor power to add or detract.The

world will little note,nor long remember what we say here,but it can never

forget what they did here.It is for us the living,rather,to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased

devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of

devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died

in vain--that this nation,under God,shall have anew birth of freedom--and that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.主讲：亚伯拉罕林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年之前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且投身给一种理念，即所有人都是小时候起平等的。

时下，我们正在从事一次伟大的内战，我们在磨练，究竟这个国家，或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家，是否能长久存在。我们在那次战争的一个伟大的战场上集会。我们来到这里，奉献阿谁战场上的一部分土地，作为在此地为阿谁国家的保存而牺牲了自己生命的人的永世眠息之所。我们这样做，是十分合情合理的。

可是，就更深一层意义而言，我们是无从奉献这片土地的--无从使它成为圣地--也不克不及把它变为许多人景仰之所。那些在这里战斗的猛士，活着的和死去的，已使这块土地神圣化了，远非我们的菲薄能力所能左右。世人会半大注意，更不会长久想的起来我们在此地所说的话，然而他们将永远忘不了这些人在这里所做的事。相反，我们活着的人应该投身于那些曾在此作战的许多人所英勇推动而尚未完成的事情。我们应该在此投身于我们面前所留存的伟大事情--由于他们的庆幸牺牲，我们要更坚定地致力于他们曾作最后全数贡献的阿谁事业--我们在此立志宣誓，不克不及让他们白白死去--要使这个国家在天主的保佑之下，获患上新生的自由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。林肯的葛底斯堡演讲是美国文学中最漂亮、最富有诗意的文章之一。虽则这是一篇祝贺军事胜利的演讲，但它没有好战之气；相反地，这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞，赞美那些作出最后牺牲的人，以及他们为之投身的那些抱负。我们从其中可以看出林肯的思想，可以体会到林肯伟大的人格和强大的精超过常人的力量量。让我们记住世界上这样一个伟大的人物，并以他为人生的榜样！林肯第二次就职演讲

Second Inaugural Addre by Abraham Lincoln March 4,1865 Fellow-Countrymen：

At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there

is le occasion for an extended addre than there was at the first.Then

astatement somewhat in detail of acourse to be pursued seemed fitting and

proper.Now,at the expiration of four years,during which public

declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of

his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engroes the

energies of the nation,little that is new could be presented.The progre

of our arms,upon which all else chiefly depends,is as well known to the

public as to myself,and it is,I trust,reasonably satisfactory and

encouraging to all.With high hope for the future,no prediction in regard

to it is ventured.

On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were

anxiously directed to an impending civil war.All dreaded it；all sought to

avert it.While the inaugural addre was being delivered from this

place,devoted altogether to saving teing delivered from thisurgent agents

were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to diolve the

Union and divide effects by negotiation.Both parties deprecated war,but

one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive,and the

other would accept war rather than let it perish,and the war

came.One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves,not

distributed generally over the Union,but localized in the southern part of

it.Their slaves constituted apeculiar and powerful interest.

All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.To

strengthen,perpetuate,and extend this interest was the object for which

the insurgents would rend the Union even by war,while the Government

claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement

of it.Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the

duration,which it has alread yattained.Neither anticipated that the cause

of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should

cease.Each looked for an easier triumph,and aresult le fundamental and

astounding.Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God,and each

invokes His aid against the other.

It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask ajust God\'s aistance

in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men\'s faces,but let us

judge not,that we be not judged.That of neither has been answered

fully.The Almighty has His own purposes.\"Woe unto the world because of

offenses；for it must need be that offenses come,but woe to that man by

whom the offense comet.\"

If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses

which,in the providence of God,must needs come,but which,having continued

through His appointed time,He now wills to remove,and that He gives to

both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the

offense came,shall we discern there in any departure from those divine

attributes which the believers in aliving God always ascribe to Him?

Fondly do we hope,fervently do we pray that thi--ighty scourge of war may

speedily pa away?Yet,if God wills that it continue until all the wealth

piled by the bondsman\'s two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil

shall be sunk,and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be

paid by another drawn with the sword,as was said three thousand years ago

so still it must be said\"The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous

altogether.\"

With malice toward none,with charity for all,with firmne in the right as

God gives us to see the might,let us strive on to finish the work we are

in,to bind up the nation\'s wounds,to care for him who shall have borne the

battle and for his widow and his orphan,to do all which may achieve and

cherish ajust and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

林肯第二次就职演讲

(1865年3月4日)

一八88年当林肯又一次当选蝉联总统职位时，美国仍为内战所分裂。当时战争的结果仍不克不及确定，而林肯的又一次当选，成为北方人民刻意作战到底争夺最后胜利的一个使人振奋的表现。一八六五年三月四日当林肯宣誓就职时，局势清楚显示北方即将战胜，战争行将结束。在这篇就职演讲词中，林肯致力于讨论争后美国人民将面临的重大课题。林肯但愿制止一切过错与处罚的问题。当他准备实施这项政策时，一个杀手的枪弹葬送了他的高贵抱负。

各位同胞：

在这第二次的宣誓就职典礼中，不像首届就职的时候那样需要揭晓长篇演讲。在阿谁时候，对于当时所要举行的事业几多作一具体的说明，似乎是适当的。现在四年任期已满，在最近战时的每个重要时刻和阶段中--这个战争至今仍为举国所关怀，还且占用了国家大多力量--都时常发布文告，以是现在很少有什么新的发展可以奉告。我们的军事进展，是一切其他问题的要害所在，各界人士对此情形是跟我一样熟悉的，而我相信进展的环境，可使我们全体人民在理由感应满意和鼓舞。既然可以对未来寄予泼天的但愿，那末我们也就不待在这一方面作什么预言了。

四年前在与此同一场合里，所有的人都焦虑地注意一场即未来临的内战。各人害怕它，想尽了要领去制止它。当时我正在这里作就职演讲，全力以赴想不消战争要领而能保存联邦，然而本城的反叛分子的代理人却没法不消战争而破坏联邦--他们力求瓦解联邦，并以谈判的要领来支解联邦。双方都声称阻挡战争，可是有一方甘愿兵戈而不肯让国家保存，另一方则宁肯接受这场战争，而不肯国家死亡，于是战争就来临了。

我们全国人口的八分之一是黑奴，他们并不是遍布整个联邦，而是局部地漫衍于南方。这些奴隶构成了一种特殊而重大的权益。各人懂患上这种权益可说是这场战争的原因。为了加强、连结及扩展这种权益，反叛分子会不惜以战争来分裂联邦，而政府只不外要限制这种权益所在地域的扩张。当初，任何一方都没有想到这场战争会发展到今朝那末大的范围，连续那末长的时间。也没有料到冲突的原因会随冲突本身的终止而终止，甚至会在冲突本身终止之前而终止。双方都在追求一个较轻易的胜利，都没有期望获致带根本性的和使人吃惊的结果。双方念诵同样的圣经，祈祷于同一个天主，甚至于每方都求助同一天主的援助以阻挡另一方，许多人竟敢求助于天主，来夺取他人以血汗患上来的面包，这看来是很奇怪的。可是我们不要判断人家，免患上别人判断我们。

我们双方的祈祷都不克不及够如愿，并且断没全数如愿以偿。上苍自有他自己的目标。由于罪恶而世界受魔难，因为罪恶总是要来的；然而阿谁作恶的人，要受魔难」假使我们认为美国的奴隶制度是这种罪恶之一，而这些罪恶按天主的意志在所不免，但既经连续了他所指定的一段时间，他现在便要消除这些罪恶；假使我们认为天主把这场惨烈的战争加在南北双方的头上，作为对那些招致罪恶的人的责罚，难道我们可以认为这件事有悖于虔奉天主的信徒们所归诸天主的那些圣德吗?我们天真地但愿着，我们热忱地祈祷着，但愿这战争的重罚可以很快地已往。可是，假使天主要让战争再继续下去，直至二百半百年来奴隶无偿劳动所储蓄堆集的财富化为乌有，并像三千年前所说的那样，等到鞭挞所流的每滴血，被刀剑之下所流的每滴血所相互消除，那末我们仍然只能说，「主的裁判是完全正确并且公道的。」

我们对任何人都不怀恶意，我们对任何人都抱好感，天主让我们看到正确的事，我们就坚定地信那正确的事，让我们继续奋斗，以完成我们正在举行的事情，去治疗国家的创伤，去照顾艰苦作战的志士和他的孤儿遗孀，极力实现并维护在我们自己之间和我国与各国之间的公道和持久的和平。

第16篇：名人英语演讲稿：The Banking Crisis

My friends:

I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking -- to talk with the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking, but more particularly with the overwhelming majority of you who use banks for the making of deposits and the drawing of checks.

I want to tell you what has been done in the last few days, and why it was done, and what the next steps are going to be.I recognize that the many proclamations from State capitols and from Washington, the legislation, the Treasury regulations, and so forth, couched for the most part in banking and legal terms, out to be explained for the benefit of the average citizen.I owe this, in particular, because of the fortitude and the good temper with which everybody has accepted the inconvenience and hardships of the banking holiday.And I know that when you understand what we in Washington have been about, I shall continue to have your cooperation as fully as I have had your sympathy and your help during the past week.

First of all, let me state the simple fact that when you deposit money in a bank, the bank does not put the money into a safe deposit vault.It invests your money in many different forms of credit -- in bonds, in commercial paper, in mortgages and in many other kinds of loans.In other words, the bank puts your money to work to keep the wheels of industry and of agriculture turning around.A comparatively small part of the money that you put into the bank is kept in currency -- an amount which in normal times is wholly sufficient to cover the cash needs of the average citizen.In other words, the total amount of all the currency in the country is only a comparatively small proportion of the total deposits in all the banks of the country.

What, then, happened during the last few days of February and the first few days of March? Because of undermined confidence on the part of the public, there was a general rush by a large portion of our population to turn bank deposits into currency or gold -- a rush so great that the soundest banks couldn\'t get enough currency to meet the demand.The reason for this was that on the spur of the moment it was, of course, impoible to sell perfectly sound aets of a bank and convert them into cash, except at panic prices far below their real value.By the afternoon of March third, a week ago last Friday, scarcely a bank in the country was open to do busine.proclamations closing them, in whole or in part, had been iued by the Governors in almost all the states.It was then that I iued the proclamation providing for the national bank holiday, and this was the first step in the Government’s reconstruction of our financial and economic fabric.

The second step, last Thursday, was the legislation promptly and patriotically paed by the Congre confirming my proclamation and broadening my powers so that it became poible in view of the requirement of time to extend the holiday and lift the ban of that holiday gradually in the days to come.This law also gave authority to develop a program of rehabilitation of our banking facilities.And I want to tell our citizens in every part of the Nation that the national Congre -- Republicans and Democrats alike -- showed by this action a devotion to public welfare and a realization of the emergency and the neceity for speed that it is difficult to match in all our history.

The third stage has been the series of regulations permitting the banks to continue their functions to take care of the distribution of food and household neceities and the payment of payrolls.

This bank holiday, while resulting in many cases in great inconvenience, is affording us the opportunity to supply the currency neceary to meet the situation.Remember that no sound bank is a dollar worse off than it was when it closed its doors last week.Neither is any bank which may turn out not to be in a position for immediate opening.The new law allows the twelve Federal Reserve Banks to iue additional currency on good aets and thus the banks that reopen will be able to meet every legitimate call.The new currency is being sent out by the Bureau of Engraving and printing in large volume to every part of the country.It is sound currency because it is backed by actual, good aets.

Another question you will ask is this: Why are all the banks not to be reopened at the same time? The answer is simple and I know you will understand it: Your Government does not intend that the history of the past few years shall be repeated.We do not want and will not have another epidemic of bank failures.

As a result, we start tomorrow, Monday, with the opening of banks in the twelve Federal Reserve Bank cities -- those banks, which on first examination by the Treasury, have already been found to be all right.That will be followed on Tuesday by the resumption of all other functions by banks already found to be sound in cities where there are recognized clearing houses.That means about two hundred and fifty cities of the United States.In other words, we are moving as fast as the mechanics of the situation will allow us.

On Wednesday and succeeding days, banks in smaller places all through the country will resume busine, subject, of course, to the Government\'s physical ability to complete its survey It is neceary that the reopening of banks be extended over a period in order to permit the banks to make applications for the neceary loans, to obtain currency needed to meet their requirements, and to enable the Government to make common sense checkups.

please let me make it clear to you that if your bank does not open the first day you are by no means justified in believing that it will not open.A bank that opens on one of the subsequent days is in exactly the same status as the bank that opens tomorrow.

I know that many people are worrying about State banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System.There is no occasion for that worry.These banks can and will receive aistance from member banks and from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.And, of course, they are under the immediate control of the State banking authorities.These State banks are following the same course as the National banks except that they get their licenses to resume busine from the State authorities, and these authorities have been asked by the Secretary of the Treasury to permit their good banks to open up on the same schedule as the national banks.And so I am confident that the State Banking Departments will be as careful as the national Government in the policy relating to the opening of banks and will follow the same broad theory.

It is poible that when the banks resume a very few people who have not recovered from their fear may again begin withdrawals.Let me make it clear to you that the banks will take care of all needs, except, of course, the hysterical demands of hoarders, and it is my belief that hoarding during the past week has become an exceedingly unfashionable pastime in every part of our nation.It needs no prophet to tell you that when the people find that they can get their money -- that they can get it when they want it for all legitimate purposes -- the phantom of fear will soon be laid.people will again be glad to have their money where it will be safely taken care of and where they can use it conveniently at any time.I can aure you, my friends, that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than it is to keep it under the mattre.

The succe of our whole national program depends, of course, on the cooperation of the public -- on its intelligent support and its use of a reliable system.

Remember that the eential accomplishment of the new legislation is that it makes it poible for banks more readily to convert their aets into cash than was the case before.More liberal provision has been made for banks to borrow on these aets at the Reserve Banks and more liberal provision has also been made for iuing currency on the security of these good aets.This currency is not fiat currency.It is iued only on adequate security, and every good bank has an abundance of such security.

One more point before I close.There will be, of course, some banks unable to reopen without being reorganized.The new law allows the Government to aist in making these reorganizations quickly and effectively and even allows the Government to subscribe to at least a part of any new capital that may be required.

I hope you can see, my friends, from this eential recital of what your Government is doing that there is nothing complex, nothing radical in the proce.

We have had a bad banking situation.Some of our bankers had shown themselves either incompetent or dishonest in their handling of the people’s funds.They had used the money entrusted to them in speculations and unwise loans.This was, of course, not true in the vast majority of our banks, but it was true in enough of them to shock the people of the United States, for a time, into a sense of insecurity and to put them into a frame of mind where they did not differentiate, but seemed to aume that the acts of a comparative few had tainted them all.And so it became the Government’s job to straighten out this situation and do it as quickly as poible.And that job is being performed.

I do not promise you that every bank will be reopened or that individual loes will not be suffered, but there will be no loes that poibly could be avoided; and there would have been more and greater loes had we continued to drift.I can even promise you salvation for some, at least, of the sorely prees banks.We shall be engaged not merely in reopening sound banks but in the creation of more sound banks through reorganization.

It has been wonderful to me to catch the note of confidence from all over the country.I can never be sufficiently grateful to the people for the loyal support that they have given me in their acceptance of the judgment that has dictated our course, even though all our procees may not have seemed clear to them.

After all, there is an element in the readjustment of our financial system more important than currency, more important than gold, and that is the confidence of the people themselves.Confidence and courage are the eentials of succe in carrying out our plan.You people must have faith; you must not be stampeded by rumors or guees.Let us unite in banishing fear.We have provided the machinery to restore our financial system, and it is up to you to support and make it work.

It is your problem, my friends, your problem no le than it is mine.

Together we cannot fail.

第17篇：英语写作西方名人例子

Great Souls

Ø Nelson Mandela

Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppreion in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congre and head of South Africa\'s antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial

government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.(138)

Ø Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement.He was the pioneer of the resistance to tyranny through ma civil disobedience, firmly founded upon total non-violence—which led India to independence and has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom acro the world.He is officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation.After auming leadership of the Indian National Congre in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women\'s rights, build religious and ethnic amity, and increase economic self-reliance.Above all, he aimed to achieve the

independence of India from foreign domination.Later he campaigned against the British to Quit India.Gandhi spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.(128)

Additionally, Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements.Leaders of the civil rights movement in the United States, including Martin Luther King and James Lawson, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence.Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi.Prior to becoming President of the United States, then-Senator Barack Obama noted that: Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, because he embodies the kind of transformational change that can be made when ordinary people come together to do extraordinary things.That is why his portrait hangs in my Senate office: to remind me that real results will come not just from Washington – they will come from the people.(129)

Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King, Jr.was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the

African-American civil right movement.His main legacy was to secure progre on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today.

King led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president.King\'s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his \"I Have a Dream\" speech.There, he raised public

consciousne of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S.history.By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and opposing the VietnamWar, both from a religious perspective.

In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end

racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and Congreional Gold Medal in 2004; Martin Luther King, Jr.Day was established as a U.S.national

holiday in 1986.(192)

Ø Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Miionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India in 1950.For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Miionaries of Charity‗s expansion.

Mother Teresa\'s Miionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 miions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS,

leprosy and tuberculosis, children\'s and family counseling programs, and schools.

By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocated for the poor and helple.She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India\'s highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian work.(122)

Ø Susan B.Anthony

Although I am not a feminist, I admire Susan B.Anthony for her daring to hold on to her view even being mocked cruelly by her contemporaries.A tirele civil rights worker, Anthony devoted her life to the work which has guaranteed women‘s basic right, including suffrage and equal protections under law.She believed that men and women are created equal and persevered unremittingly in opening doors and expanding acceptable modes of behavior for women.In the patriarchy society of her time, people considered her unladylike and ridiculous.However, 19th Amendment to the Constitution gives women‘s rights to vote, which established Susan B.Anthony as a bold revolutionary feminist in history.(111)

Margaret Sanger

Margaret Sanger sparked the birth control movement with the publication of The Woman Rebel, in which she encourages women to view conception as a choice rather than an obligation.In 1923, her tirele efforts resulted in the establishment of America\'s first legal birth control clinic, which served as a contraceptive dispensary and research facility under the auspices of the American Birth Control League (one of the groups that eventually morphed into Planned Parenthood).The birth control movement has had far-reaching, worldwide implications, from women\'s rights to population control to the sexual revolution.(92)

l Bright Minds

Ø Newton

Newton‘s aim at Cambridge was a law degree.Instruction at Cambridge was dominated by the philosophy of Aristotle but some freedom of study was allowed in the third year of the course.Newton had a golden opportunity to study an abundance of great minds: the philosophy of Descartes, Gaendi, Hobbes, and in particular Boyle.The mechanics of the Copernican

astronomy of Galileo attracted him and he also studied Kepler‘s Optics.It is a fascinating account of how Newton‘s ideas were formed.He collected all these thoughts and developed his own system by which he succefully explained a wide range of previously unrelated phenomena: the eccentric orbits of comets, the proceion of the Earth‘s axis, and motion of the Moon as perturbed by the gravity of the Sun, as well as the three laws of motion that made him an international leader in scientific research and the greatest pilot in human‘s civilization.(157)

Ø Darwin’s Origin of Species

The theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history.Hundreds of years ago, people were confused with the complexity of different species of the world, and believed that species were created by the mysterious God.However, Darwin did not believe so.After several years\' study, he eventually demonstrated that species, however complex seemingly, all evolved by natural selection from simple and preliminary conditions.When Darwin published his famous research results on the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, the book encountered lots of controversies.Members of the religious community, as well as some

scientific peers, were outraged and protested.However, Darwin\'s idea of evolution eventually defeated the traditional belief and was accepted and acknowledged by some insightful scientists and finally by the society.It is now reverenced as one of the greatest intellectual revolutions of human history.(144)

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who proposed that the sun was stationary in the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it.Disturbed by the failure of Ptolemy\'s geocentric model of the universe to follow Aristotle\'s requirement for the uniform circular motion of all celestial bodies, Copernicus decided that he could achieve his goal only through a heliocentric model.He thereby created a concept of a universe in which the distances of the planets from the sun bore a direct relationship to the size of their orbits.At the time

Copernicus\'s heliocentric idea was very controversial; neverthele, it was the start of a change in the way the world was viewed, and Copernicus came to be seen as the initiator of the Scientific Revolution.(129)

Ø Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.His achievements include improvements to the

telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism.Galileo\'s observations about four satellites of Jupiter with his new telescope convinced him of the truth of Copernicus\'s sun-centered or heliocentric theory.Galileo has been called the \"father of modern observational astronomy,\" the \"father of modern physics,\" and \"the Father of Modern Science.\" Stephen Hawking says, \"Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science.\" (96)

Ø Christopher Columbus

In 1485, Columbus presented his plans to John II, King of Portugal.He requested he be made \"Great Admiral of the Ocean\", appointed governor of any and all lands he discovered, and given

one-tenth of all revenue from those lands.The king submitted the proposal to his experts and rejected it.In 1488 Columbus appealed to the court of Portugal once again, and once again it also proved unsucceful.Then, Columbus travelled from Portugal to both Genoa and Venice, but he received encouragement from neither.In1486, Columbus presented his plans to Queen Isabella.After the paing of much time, these savants of Spain, like their counterparts in Portugal, pronounced the idea impractical, and advised their Royal Highnees to pa on the proposed venture.But after endle attempts at establishing a settlement of Hispanism, Catholic Monarchs finally gave him an annual allowance of 12,000 maravedis and furnished him with a letter ordering all cities and towns under their domain to provide him food and lodging with which Columbus succefully initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans and carved out the cro-continental trade market.(183)

Ø John Nash

Before 1950, Adam Smith was respected as ―the father of Game Theory‖, he wrote a famous book named The Wealth of Nations and demonstrated ―perfect competition‖ which was

commonly accepted by people.There is a sentence from the book ―Individual ambition serious the common good‖ which means when each individual pursue his own interests, the benefits of the group will be improved most effectively.However, John Nash, a normal mathematician in Princeton University, created a theory ―Nash Equilibrium‖ which laid the foundation of Game Theory in 1950.He doubted the statement from Adam Smith, and he succeeded.John Nash wrote a 28 pages diertation to argue a new theory.Due to the fact that personal benefits

conflict each other, the interest of a group will be harmed.To ensure the interests of whole group, individuals should find equilibrium between the personal and group interests.Consequently, John Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics and fundamentally reformed the arena of economics.(160)

Alfred Bernhard Nobel-1

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite.To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator which could be ignited by lighting a fuse.The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and busineman.He later produced ballistite, one of the first smokele powders.At the time of his death, his will provide his enormous fortune of the major portion of $9 million estate to

institute the Nobel Prize, a yearly prize for merit in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, and world peace.The synthetic element nobelium was named after him.(119)

Ø Thomas Edison

In 19th century, people could only get light from candles, but it suffered from several

disadvantages, including exorbitantly high price and in adequate lightne.Thomas Edison, one of the most prominent inventors in the 20th century, overcame 1500 failure and suitable filament for electric light bulb which were affordable for all people to buy and use.He tried numerous

materials such as iron, copper, aluminum, silver, hair, even his colleague‘s brown beard, but he fails all times.Neverthele he did not give up and dedicated himself in finding the best material.The belief held by him was that ―we will make the electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn

candles.‖ He had the first succeful experiment in 1879, finding that carbon filament can last over 40 hours, but he and his team were not satisfied for that.Through hundreds of tough trying, they finally found carbonized bamboo filament which could last over 1200 hours.Furthermore, the light bulbs invented by Edison with the most suitable filament have not only lighted up the world, but influenced people‘s lives all over the world until now.(185)

第18篇：英语作文中名人例子

4008111111 英语作文中名人例子

1.成功 / 英雄 / 困难类（被写的经久不衰！） 2.大众观点类：（媒体 / 团体 / 主流）

3.谎言 / 现象本质 / 隐私（这个我也不懂） 4.动机类（这个说的优点玄乎） 5.改变 / 科技 / 创新类

6.了解自身类 7.选择类

下面就淘选了些经典例子！！

1.Bill Gates （比尔盖茨）

When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result.Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft.Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University.However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows.Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.

用于有放弃就会有所得、勇气、懂得把握机会类

2.Thomas Edison （托马斯爱迪生）

In 1879, after more than 1,000 trials and $40,000, Thomas Edison introduced an inexpensive alternative to candles and gaslight: the incandescent lamp.Using carbonized filaments from cotton thread, his light bulb burned for two days.These bulbs were first installed on the steamship Columbia and have been lighting up the world ever since.用于创造力/科技类、失败是成功之母、努力、成功 / 英雄 / 困难类

3.Mother Teresa （特雷莎修女）

Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name \"Saint of the Gutters.\" The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.She founded an order of nuns called the Miionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor.Almost 50 years later, the Miionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 miions throughout 100 countries worldwide.

用于大众观点类/善良、品性/

4.Diana Spencer（戴安娜王妃）

Lady Diana Spencer, Prince of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindne, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills.

不好意思了，戴安娜王妃，我还真不知怎么用你呢..

5.Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela （纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉）

Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppreion in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congre and head of South Africa‘s antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.

用于英雄、斗争/大众观点类（非暴力）/

6.Beethoven （贝多芬）

Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819.However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history.His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from claical to romantic composition.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困难类 7.George Bush（乔治布什）

On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of Operation Desert Storm, a maive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq in the Persian Gulf. In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S.troops into Somalia, a nation devastated by drought and civil war.The peacekeeping miion would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in 1993.

用于成功 / 英雄 / 困难类

8.Jimmy Carter（吉米卡特）

President Carter\'s policy of placing human rights records at the forefront of America\'s relationships with other nations contributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1970s.

In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out of Cuba by the country\'s citizens.The United States welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence suggested that Castro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons.

用于成功 / 英雄 / 困难类/斗争、

9.Neville Chamberlain（内维尔张伯伦）

In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, \"peace in our time.\"

Eleven months after the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the peace in Europe by invading Poland.A solemn Chamberlain had no choice but to declare war, and World War II began in Europe.不喜欢他，不说了...

10.Raoul Wallenberg （瓦伦堡）

Raoul Wallenberg was a young Swedish aristocrat.In 1944 he left the safety of his country and entered Budapest.Over the next year he outwitted the Nazis and saved as many as 100,000 Jews (he was not himself Jewish) from the death camps.In 1945 he was arrested by the Ruians, charged with spying, and imprisoned in a Ruian labor camp.

用于道德类/英雄、自救（Conscience is a more powerful motivation than money,fame and power）

11.George Soros -- （乔治索斯洛）the financial crocodile Soros, who at one stage after the fall of the Berlin Wall was providing more aistance to Ruia than the US government, believes in practising what he preaches.His Open Society Institute has been pivotal in helping eastern European countries develop democratic societies and market economies.Soros has the advantage of an insider\'s knowledge of the workings of global capitalism, so his criticism is particularly pointed.Last year, the Soros foundation\'s network spent nearly half a billion dollars on projects in education, public health and promoting democracy, making it one of the world\'s largest private donors.用于大众观点类：（媒体 / 团体 / 主流）

12.Paul Revere（保罗）

Our perceptive towards Paul Revere just illustrates this point.According to the romantic legend, he, galloping along of the dark from one farm house to another, alerted the people to the coming British.And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history books.However, his heroism required a matrix of others

who were already well-prepared to mobilize against the oppreor and he was just one part of a pre-arrange plan.Heroes like Revere have no usefulne apart from a society primed to act.

用于英雄、斗争/勇敢/合作类Cooperation

13.Henry Ford（亨利福特）

Henry ford,one of the most influential inventors in the history, was always inattentive in school.Once ,he and a friend took a watch apart to probe the principle behind it.Angry and upset, the teacher punished him both to stay after school.their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch.but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius,in ten minutes,this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home.It is imagination that invigorated Ford to make a through inquiry about things he did not know.He once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire.then he waited to see what would happen.the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam.since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded.the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window.Ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off,when he built his imagination of horsele carriage into reality, the history of transportation was changed forever

用于creativity/curiosity/科技类

15.Alexander Graham Bell （亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔）

Not realizing the full impact it would have on society, Alexander Graham Bell introduced the first telephone to an amazed audience at America\'s Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876.Within a year, Bell had installed 230 phones and established the Bell Telephone Company, which was later transformed into AT&T.In 1997, 643,000,000,000 calls were made by people in the United States alone.用于英雄/创造、科技/影响力类

考研政治大题答题技巧

普遍适用规则：

在掌握知识量基本相同的情况下，答题技巧的不同可能使总分相差10到20分。政治的考研试卷中大题的分值占百分之六十，而实际上大题也是技巧性最强的题型。下面向大家介绍大题答题四步曲：第一步：仔细审题。找出本题目是关于哪个学科的哪个章节，在草稿纸上写下此章节内所有可能与本题有联系的基本概念及原理。大多数题目是跨章节，甚至跨学科的，要注意思维的发散性。

第二步：解释每一个概念并写出原理的基本内容。如果自己写出的相关概念太多，则视试卷留出的空白捡重要的写，解释概念和原理一般不要超过本题答题空间的二分之一。什么？

太多了？不要怕，答多不扣分。但要注意答题时每个概念和原理要作为一段，字迹要工整清晰。好了，本题目分数的一半你已经拿到了，下面进行第三步。

第三步：联系实际。如果本题是论述题，则根据本题联系实际中的一些现象，给出评价；如果本题是材料题，则材料就是实际，指出材料中的一些问题，也就是将材料用你学过的关于政治的术语再复述一遍。这部分一定要有，而且要作为一个段落，如果字迹工整的话，即使这一段答得驴头不对马嘴，至少也有两分。第四步：总结。这一部分是绝对送分的，但也要有技巧。要将其作为一个段落，如果此题是论述题，则将整个题目再复述一遍，不要忘了在前面加上一个所以；如果此题是材料题，则提倡材料中好的做法，批评材料中坏的做法。

如果答大题时你能熟练地按上面的四步做，大题方面你至少可以比相同水平的其他人多得n分，不信？试用历史唯物主义的有关原理说明\"以德治国\"与\"以法治国\"的关系及其重要意义(2002年政治重中之重)。首先仔细读题目，题目中已经告诉我们是用马哲中的历史唯物主义的几章的原理，而以法治国和以德治国是邓论中的内容，因此要考虑将两个学科结合起来答题。表面上看题目中有两个基本概念以法治国和以德治国，联系到马哲，以德治国便是是道德问题，是上层建筑；以法治国便是法制问题。如此以来，此题需要答的基本概念和原理有：道德，法制，以德治国，以法治国，上层建筑，道德与法制的关系，以法治国和以德治国的关系。然后联系实际，这一步没关系，只要稍微写两句而且字迹工整便不失大格。最后总结，好像这里把题目重抄一遍不顺口，其实只要稍微一改便行：要把以法治国和以德治国相结合。

下面我们看一下标准答案：

1)历史唯物主义认为道德与法制既有联系又有区别，二者的区别表现在：道德的概念；法制的概念；道德与法制的关系。

2)历史唯物主义又认为，社会的经济基础决定上层建筑的产生、性质和变化；上层建筑反作用于经济基础。社会主义的法律和道德是社会主义上层建筑的重要组成部分，它对经济基础的发展有重大意义。

3)以法治国和以德治国又是相辅相成，不可分割的。以法治国的概念；以德治国的概念；以法治国和以德治国的关系。

4)把以德治国和以法治国紧密的结合起来，是建设有中国特色的社会主义的要求，也是社会主义市场经济的要求。怎么样，是不是感到大题的简单了？上面是我总结的几条关于政治考研的技巧，如果你能真正掌握它，不好意思，你的政治考研分数再也没有希望低于70分了。论述题：

第一步：仔细审题。

建议考生找出本题目是关于哪个科学的哪个章节，在草稿纸上写下此章节内所有可能与本题有联系的基本概念及原理。大多数题目是跨章节，甚至跨学科的，要注意思维的发散性。第二步：解释每一个概念并写出原理的基本内容。如果自己写出的相关概念太多，建议视试卷留出的空白捡重要的写，解释概念和原理一般不要超过本题答题空间的二分之一。什么？太多了？不要怕，答多了不扣分。但考生要注意答题时每个概念和原理要作为一段，字迹要工整清晰。好了，本题目分数的一半你已经拿到了，下面进行第三步。

第三步：联系实际。

如果本题是论述题，建议考生根据本题联系实际中的一些现象，给出评价，如果本题是材料题，则材料就是实际，指出材料中的一些问题，也就是将材料用你学过的关于政治的术语再复述一遍。这部分一定有要有，而且要作为一个段落，字迹工整。

第四步；总结。

这一部分是绝对送分的，但也要有技巧。将其作为一个段落，如果此题是论述题，则将整个题目再复述一遍，不要忘了在前面加上一个所以；如果此题是材料题，则提倡材料中好的做法，批评材料中坏的做法。

上面的四步中好像没有提过辨析题，辨析题就是一个分值较少而且需要判断的论述题，除了判断以外，上面的四步同样适用。但要求考生特别注意的是辨析题的判断，千万不要盲目的说其对错，例如一些题目的前半部分是对的而后半部分产错的，有的题目说的不会面，这些都要指出。材料题：

如何回答政治材料题

一、政治材料分析题的基本特点：

1、提供情境，包含手段和结果，要求从结果的好与坏来判断所运用手段是否合理，并要求提出相应的解决办法。

2、要求规范的答题步骤：先答基本原理，引出配套的方法，进而用方法来分析材料。

3、要求多角度分析所蕴涵的知识。

二、解题的基本思路：

1、从方法入手：先判断材料所持方法（手段）——根据知识体系中原理和方法（手段）的固定搭配得出基本原理。

2、判断方法最主要的依据是材料中的重点语句，对重点语句进行范畴归属判断，进而了解所持手段（方法）。

3、审题时应注意题目的限制性要求，并由此得出知识体系的大范围。

4、应注意材料中的效果，如果效果是积极的，说明所持方法（手段）是正确的；如果效果是消极的，说明所持方法（手段）是错误的。

错误的情况有很多种，最主要有以下几种：（1）与正确方法（手段）相对立；（2）主次颠倒；（3）主次不分；（4）割裂本来存在的联系。

5、应对材料进行层次分析，以便与方法（手段）相对应。找出所包含条件（重点语句），回答时决不能漏掉材料中所包含条件。

三、答题的基本步骤：

1、先回答基本原理

2、其次回答方法（手段）要求

3、把方法细化成几个方面，与材料层次对接，用材料替代原理，一一对应。

四、检查阶段：

1、应注意材料中所包含的条件是否全部用完，如果没有用完，说明前面所述知识点还有缺漏，应补齐。

2、检查重点语句范畴判断是否正确。

3、检查步骤是否完整、规范。是否按照：原理———方法———实践分析的步骤。

五、复习的基本要求：

1、应分层对知识进行整理，分为“是什么”、“为什么”、“怎么办”三部分，其中，“是什么”和“为什么”属于基本原理：“怎么办”属于方法（手段）。

2、“是什么”主要用与范畴判断，用以审题中的思路引入，即材料中重点语句范畴判断，借以得出原理。

3、“为什么”主要指关系、地位和作用、意义等，它是方法（手段）的理论出发点。

4、“怎么办”是掌握知识点的落脚点，也是材料引入的关键。“怎么办”不能停留在课本的水平上，还应与重大时事、党的路线、方针、

政策相联系，把党的路线、方针、政策细化、归并入课本的基本点。

5、应对所有知识进行规范化整理，一方面，把所有知识分解为基本原理和基本要求（方法或手段）两大块；另一方面，按大、中、小三个

角度进行整理，“大”指最基本的原理，“中”指课本的具体要求，“小”指党的路线、方针、政策（它是课本具体要求的细化）；第

三、应注意知识之间的内在联系，进行横向整理，以便多角度地思考问题

分析题答题技巧材料分析题在近几年考研政治试卷中所占的分值比较重，需要考生加强训练。

（一）分析题

解答分析题的基本思路和步骤是：

1．仔细审题并抓关键词。大多数分析题是跨章节，甚至跨学科的。答题之前要仔细阅读题干、材料及问题，答题之前要仔细阅读题干、材料及问题，了解题目需要回答什么，为什么要这样回答，怎么回答。要注意思维的发散性。这是做好分析体的第一步，也是最关键的一步。找出本题目是关于哪个学科的哪个章节，在草稿纸上写下此章节内所有可能与本题有联系的基本概念及原理。对跨章节，甚至跨学科的题目，要注意思维的发散性。审题可以运用以下几种方法：

（1）逆向审题法：先搞清楚题目问什么？有几问？然后带着问题阅读材料。这样做可以不必要地重复审题，节省宝贵的考试时间。

（2）寻找关键词：抓关键词语，力求搞清每段材料的中心含义，努力回忆与此相关的课文理论，并注意筛选。

（3）分析层次法：对一大段材料的要分层并弄清每层意思，这种层次性既体现在题干的表述或材料中，也会明确出现在题后的设问中。通过分析，抓住试题的主旨，再按其要求分别回答，这样可以避免遗漏。

2．阅读材料并组织答案。在审清题意的基础上，仔细阅读题干或者材料。阅读时可边阅读边划出材料中带有结论性或倾向性的话语，或者在草稿纸上写下相关信息（注意不要沉溺于细节、事例或者数字），同时搜索、提取大脑中平时储存的相关知识，然后理清思路，组织答案。

3．答题时注意：

（1）凡问现象的问题，首先回答表象，即看到什么，就回答什么，不需太展开，简要回答即可。随后，必须回答现象之后隐含的实质（本质），这才是重点。

（2）凡是\"分析\"、\"评述\"的，就需要用原理紧扣材料进行分析。一般的思路是先表述相关原理，然后再联系材料中的现象进行分析、评述，可按是什么、为什么、怎么样的思路组织答案。

（3）回答问题注意层次性，要行文规范，简洁干练，表述准确，答案能紧扣要点，切忌东拉西扯、繁琐冗长。

（二）材料分析题

材料分析在2006年统一归进了分析题中，其形式独特，分值比例大，难度也不小，是考生考研中的一大难点，这里就单独列出再讲述一下其答题技巧。考生在解答材料分析题时要注意两点：一要注重联系实际，材料归纳出来后，用相关的事实理论做依据进行分析。二是结合理论分析问题时，要尽可能全面。材料涉及几个点，答题时就要将这几个点答全，每个点不需要展开太多，但要把基本要点说到。解答材料题时，尤其要注意层次和逻辑，不要自相矛盾，在答案中最好把观点一一罗列出来，便于阅卷教师找到要点。

解答材料式分析题的基本要求：在理论部分，要求准确选择与解题有关的基础知识。这是解

题的主导部分，是命题的出发点、立足点和依据。要准确、简洁地回答出有关理论知识内容。这一部分答好了，就能为下一步解题做好铺垫，使后面的分析论述有理有据。

首先，\"掐头取尾\"，看题干提示句和题后要求回答的问题。一般的材料题开题就有一句：\"下面是一组关于......的材料\"，这就给考生在阅读时获取什么样的信息界定了范围，使阅读不再盲目，以获取相关信息为重；然后，再迅速浏览题后问题，问题的要求又进一步缩小了信息取舍的范围，什么是\"的\"，在这里就确定了。最后，带着问题阅读材料。

其次，仔细而快速地阅读材料。认真研读试题材料，准确把握材料内容，深挖材料内涵。材料分析题的材料灵活多变，无一固定模式。有文字型的、图表型的：文字型的可分为摘自报刊、古籍、文件、人物讲话，也有命题者描述某种现象，提出几种观点的；图表型的有漫画、表格、地图、历史文物图片、函数图等。材料可能是一则，也可能有多则；既有单一类型的，也有文字型、图表型混合的；材料长短也各异，有的十分简短，有的篇幅冗长。不管材料以何种形式出现，认真阅读材料是基础，掌握其中信息是关键。

一般的材料提供信息很多，有主有次，还有重复的，这就提醒考生在做这类试题、阅读材料时，边读边用铅笔将含义相同的归类，并用

1、

2、

3、......标注，对重要的核心句或者关键词，在下面画线，以备答题时直接应用，避免大量的重复阅读，造成无为的浪费。第三，利用获取的信息回答问题。在答题论述时，要求做到观点和材料的统一。这是解题的主体部分，要求考生用选定的基础理论知识，联系题中的材料进行分析论述，把理论与实际、观点与事实结合起来，即做到事理交融，观点统帅材料。要紧扣材料分析，或从材料中提炼出观点，或用观点分析材料，或用材料论证观点。防止就事论事，或就理论谈理论。第四，简短有力地做好小结。在小结部分，要牢牢抓住题意，适可而止。这是答题的结尾部分，是解题的落脚点。在结尾时，或针砭时弊，或点明意义，或联系自身，这些都要从题意出发，恰到好处，总的要求是思路清晰、表述简练、视角丰富，达到用画龙点睛、升华主题的目的就可。

第19篇：名人经典语句英语九十五

名人经典语句英语九十五

The object of a new year is not that we should have a new year.It is that we should have a new soul.新年的目的并非是拥有新的一年，而是拥有一个新的灵魂。

G.K.Chesterton

The meaning of life is to find your gift.The purpose of life is to give it away. 生命的意义在于找到属于你的恩赐，而生活的目的却是要把它抛弃。

We\'re born alone, we live alone, we die alone.Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that we\'re not alone. 我们出生时是孤单的，也孤单的活着，最后孤单的离开人士，只有爱和友谊能创造不再孤单的幻想。- Orson Welles

If you have to lose something, the best way to keep it is in your memory. 当你不可以再拥有的时候,你唯一可以做的，就是令自己不要忘记.- 张国荣

Beautiful things don\'t ask for attention.美的东西不会刻意寻求关注。

If we magnified our succees as much as we magnify our disappointments, we\'d all be much happier.如果我们像放大失望一样放大我们的成功，那我们就开心得多了。

The reason why girls have so many tears, it is because she will be all the grievances, are overtaken by tears, and all the tenderne is for you.——女生之所以会有那么多的眼泪，那是因为她将所有的委屈，都化做泪水，而把所有的温柔都留给你。

第20篇：名人经典语句英语一九八

名人经典语句英语一九八

1、While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.当我们试图教会孩子一切与生活有关的事时，孩子们却教会我们究竟什么才是生活。

安吉拉·施温特

2、Our destiny offers not the cup of despair， but the chalice of opportunity. 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。 -－Richard Nixon（美国总统尼克松）

3、A contented mind is the greatest bleing a man can enjoy in this world ——知足是人生在世最大的幸事。

4、You cannot control what happens to you, but you can control your attitude toward what happens to you, and in that, you will be mastering change rather than allowing it to master you.－Brian Tracy

你不能控制所发生的事，但你能够控制你的态度，这样，你就可以控制变化而非受制于变化。

5、No matter how painful thing， you go through in the end will be gradually forgotten deserted.Nothing is matched.不管你经历多痛的事情，到最后都会渐渐遗忘荒芜。没有什么能敌得过时光。

6、Too many people spend money they haven’t earned，to buy things they don’t want， to impre people they don’t like.-will smith

太多人，用还没有挣到的钱，买不需要的东西，去刺激无关紧要的人。-威尔斯密斯