英国剑桥大学（精选多篇）

发布时间：2022-05-30 06:08:02 来源：其他范文收藏本文下载本文手机版

推荐第1篇：英国剑桥大学ESOL考试院「全球英语教师徵文比赛」

英國劍橋大學ESOL考試院「全球英語教師徵文比賽」

徵選辦法

壹、目的：

英國劍橋大學ESOL考試院為提倡並促進全球英語語言教育水準之提升，並鼓勵專業並積極進修之學校英語教師，特舉辦全球英語教師徵文比賽，優勝者將可免費赴英國劍橋參加短期英語教學進修課程，回國後可對一己及校內英語教學產生鼓勵與刺激作用。

貳、參加資格(以下三項資格需全部符合):

 英語非母語之英語教師

 現任之公私立小學或國中教師

 英文程度達CEFR B2 級

參、前五名之獲獎項目包含有：

1.Cambridge Bell School為期兩周的進修課程學費

2.課程期間於劍橋大學漢默頓學院之住宿

3.課程期間早晚餐之提供

4.最高兩百英磅 (約台幣NT.11000) 之機票補助

肆、活動辦法:

1.參加比賽者須寫150字之英文短文，說明赴英國劍橋參加英語教

學進修課程將能如何幫助個人的專業發展以及其學生的英語學習。

2.欲報名者，可上填寫線上報

名表。

3.報名截止日為2010年1月15日星期五；獲獎名單將於2010年

1月29日星期五通知。

4.Cambridge Bell School 英語教學進修課程課程期間為2010年7

月18 ~ 31日。欲得知更多課程資訊，請上。

5.更完整之資格與條件請參閱線上報名表。

伍、英國劍橋大學ESOL考試院介紹：

Our miion:

\"To provide language learners and teachers in a wide variety of situationswithacce to arrange of high quality international exams, tests and

teaching awards, which will help them to achieve their life goals and havea positive impact on their learning and profeional developmentexperience.\"

劍橋大學ESOL考試院是世界著名的教育和語言能力測評機構劍橋大學考試委員會(Cambridge Aement)的直屬部門，也是舉世聞名的劍橋大學(University of Cambridge)的非教學部門。

英國劍橋大學是世界上歷史最悠久、最受尊敬的名校之一。它自西元1209年創校以來，始終以最傑出的學術成就享譽國際，並在2009年慶祝她的800週年校慶。劍橋大學考試委員會則成立於1858年，是世界上最享有盛名，也是英國歷史最悠久、考試業務規模最大的考試機構。每年有來自150多個國家的800萬考生參加Cambridge Aement的考試項目。

劍橋大學ESOL考試院為一非營利機構，自1913年首次舉辦專門為英語為外國語的學習者所設計的各類英語認證後，即開始為全球的英語學習者及英語教師服務，不但是全球最早的英語檢定考試，更居於語言能力檢測領域的權威領導地位。劍橋大學ESOL考試院在全球提供一系列國際認可的語言認證及檢定考試。每年，來自全世界135個國家，三百萬的考生，都以參加劍橋大學ESOL考試院的英語認證考試來向企業雇主或高等院校證明他們的英語能力。劍橋大學ESOL考試院的各類英語認證在全世界受到廣泛認可，2004年的雅典奥運會以及2008的北京奥運會也都採用劍橋ESOL英語認證。

劍橋大學ESOL考試院是「歐洲語言評測組織」的創始會員之一，長期在理論與實務上協助全球各地的檢測組織、學校及學術單位發展其語言檢測系統。

推荐第2篇：英国牛津剑桥大学文凭“溢价”相当于7600英镑

http://www.daodoc.com

英国牛津剑桥大学文凭“溢价”相当于7600英镑

英国顶尖大学牛津和剑桥一直都是很多打算英国留学童鞋的梦想，除了这两所大学的名气之外，还和它们的文凭价值脱不了干系。英国牛津剑桥大学文凭“溢价”，相当于7600英镑。

致力于促进社会阶层流动性的慈善机构萨顿信托基金(Sutton Trust)做了一项有关英国大学文凭的研究，数据显示，英国牛津和剑桥大学毕业生文凭大幅升值，“溢价”相当于7600英镑。

英国牛津和剑桥大学毕业文凭升值，溢价7600英镑只相当于一个牛津或剑桥毕业生和一个英国排名靠后学校的毕业生，刚参加工作时拿到的起薪之差。

萨顿信托基金最新数据显示，对于不同级别的英国大学而言，一名学习程度中等的牛津或剑桥学生，毕业工作6个月以后，可以拿到2.56万英镑的年薪。

一名学习程度中等的理工专科学院的学生，毕业工作半年后可以拿到1.8万英镑的年薪。

而对于英国同一级别的大学而言，牛剑文凭的“溢价”要比英国另外11所一流大学毕业生文凭高出3300英镑。在性别方面，男生大学文凭“溢价”28%，女生大学文凭“溢价”超过50%。

在专业方面，牛剑经济或商务专业毕业生的起薪平均是3.24万英镑，而新改成大学的院校的人文、社科专业毕业生起薪不到1.6万英镑。

如此客观的毕业生起薪，当然会吸引众多的学生，其中也包括想要留学英国的优秀中国学子们。

以上是百利天下留学为您介绍的英国牛津剑桥大学文凭“溢价”相当于7600英镑的相关介绍，希望对您有所帮助。如果想了解更多英国留学相关知识，可拨打百利天下留学免费咨询电话：400-890-6000，或者登陆百利天下留学英国站官网：http://uk.bailitop.com/ 进行了解咨询。

推荐第3篇：温家宝总理在英国剑桥大学发表演讲(中英文)

温家宝总理在英国剑桥大学发表演讲（中英文）

CAMBRIDGE, Britain, Feb.2 (Xinhua) --The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao\'s speech at the University of Cambridge on Monday. See China in the Light of Her Development Speech at the University of Cambridge Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People\'s Republic of China 2 February 2009

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen,

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The succeful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelely to promote friendly ties between our two countries. The title of my speech today is \"See China in the Light of Her Development\". My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.

She is young, because the People\'s Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China\'s national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.

The key element of China\'s reform and opening-up is to free people\'s mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law. The eence of China\'s reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity acro the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happine with ingenuity and hard work.

Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for. I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, \"From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.\" The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous viciitudes but never gave up. Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundle desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the \"hero tree\", because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new clarooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning \"A country will emerge stronger from adversities.\" I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witneed countle touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution; second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice; and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

I stre the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and oified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others; second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one\'s own interests at the expense of others; and third, addre both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, neceary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth. Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.

Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers\' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having acce to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and leen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people\'s livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China\'s development, but also bring enormous busine opportunities to other countries, Britain included.

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society\'s economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The lo of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have croed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every busineman should flow the blood of morality. Ladies and Gentlemen,

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambaadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progre hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations. Thank you!

新华网英国剑桥２月２日电国务院总理温家宝２日在英国剑桥大学具有５００年历史的“瑞德讲坛”发表了题为《用发展的眼光看中国》的演讲。全文如下：

用发展的眼光看中国

━━在剑桥大学的演讲

中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝

尊敬的理查德校长，

女士们，先生们：

来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校８００周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。

说她年轻，新中国成立才６０年，改革开放才３０年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。

中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。

改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

３０年来，中国贫困人口减少了２亿多，人均寿命提高了５岁，８３００万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。

我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。

我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。

千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，仅为英国的１／１６左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。

我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。

中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。 “和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

１５世纪，中国著名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。

不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有３亿人在学英语(Q吧)，有１００多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

进入２１世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

女士们，先生们！

我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是３０年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。

在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。

我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。

这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。

金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：

一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达４万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于２００７年中国ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约５０００亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。

二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等１６个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。

我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。

这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。

中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪９０年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。

有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。

女士们，先生们！

英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨著《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。

谢谢大家！

推荐第4篇：剑桥大学学术研究

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剑桥大学（英文：University of Cambridge；勋衔：Cantab）坐落于英国剑桥，是一所誉满全球的世界顶级研究型书院联邦制大学，与牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、帝国理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院同属“G5超级精英大学”。立思辰河南留学360邹思君老师介绍说，剑桥大学是英国本土历史最悠久的高等学府之一，学校前身是一个于公元1209年成立的学者协会，是英语世界中第二古老的大学。

在学校800多年的历史中，涌现出牛顿、达尔文等一批引领时代的科学巨匠；造就了培根、凯恩斯等贡献突出的文史学者；培养了弥尔顿、拜伦等开创纪元的艺术大师，从这里走出了8位英国首相，92位诺贝尔奖获得者，4位菲尔兹奖得主曾为此校的师生、校友或研究人员。这些都为剑桥大学奠定了世界近现代学术文化中心的地位。其在数学、物理、医学、法学、商学等多个领域拥有崇高的学术地位及广泛的影响力，被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育机构之一。

剑桥大学是多个学术联盟的成员之一，亦为英国“金三角名校”及剑桥大学医疗伙伴联盟的一部分，并与产业聚集地硅沼的发展息息相关。立思辰河南留学360邹思君老师介绍说，学校共设八间文艺及科学博物馆，并有馆藏逾1500万册的图书馆系统及全球最古老的剑桥大学出版社。

学术研究

科研平台

立思辰河南留学360邹思君老师介绍说，剑桥大学现有超过150所科系和研究机构，科系的成员通常也是一所或多所学院的成员，通常负责大学的学术和研究工作。大学的科系和研究机构被组合为六所主要的科系，每个主要科系由许多科系和研究机构组成，并拥有一个议会负责监督不同机构的教学和研究工作。剑桥大学六所主要的科系是：艺术和人文、生物科学（包括兽医医药）、临床医学、人文和社会科学、自

WWW.SLL.CN 剑桥大学出版社和剑桥大学图书馆。

然科学、技术。除此之外，剑桥大学的一些机构也负责大学的教学和研究，这包括剑桥大学考试委员会、

科研机构

艺术与人文研究委员会（AHRC）

生物科技与生物科学研究委员会（BBSRC）

工程与物理科学研究委员会（EPSR

C）

经济与社会研究委员会（ESRC）

医学研究委员会（MRC）

自然环境研究委员会（N

ERC）

科技设施委员会（STFC）

学术资源

在剑桥大学，图书馆与教室相比，剑桥大学图书馆更像是重要的课堂。学生们不一定每天都有课，有课也不过三四个小时，算下来，用在图书馆查阅资料、借书还书、复印打字的时间却占了一天中的大部分时间。学会用图书馆是一门大学问。剑桥大学的图书馆系统纷繁复杂，每个系或研究所都有自己专门的图书馆，31所自治学院也都各自建有或大或小的图书馆。最有名望的属藏书丰富的剑桥大学图书馆（University Library），该图书馆是英国境内为数不多的所谓“版权图书馆”（Copyright Library）之一，据说英国每出版一部新书，都会送一册到这里收藏。图书馆内更有不少罕见的珍本。

推荐第5篇：剑桥大学文化传统

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剑桥大学（英文：University of Cambridge；勋衔：Cantab）坐落于英国剑桥，是一所誉满全球的世界顶级研究型书院联邦制大学，与牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、帝国理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院同属“G5超级精英大学”。立思辰江苏留学360刘兆勍老师介绍说，剑桥大学是英国本土历史最悠久的高等学府之一，学校前身是一个于公元1209年成立的学者协会，是英语世界中第二古老的大学。

剑桥大学是多个学术联盟的成员之一，亦为英国“金三角名校”及剑桥大学医疗伙伴联盟的一部分，并与产业聚集地硅沼的发展息息相关。立思辰江苏留学360刘兆勍老师介绍说，学校共设八间文艺及科学博物馆，并有馆藏逾1500万册的图书馆系统及全球最古老的剑桥大学出版社。

文化传统

立思辰江苏留学360刘兆勍老师介绍说，剑桥大学的学生参与多种业余活动，其中划船是最流行的体育运动，剑桥大学各学院间经常比赛，而且剑桥大学每年都会与牛津大学举行划船比赛。各学院间还举行其他各种体育比赛，包括橄榄球、板球、国际象棋等。

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学生学者联谊会

剑桥中国学生学者联谊会（Chinese Students and Scholars Aociation in Cambridge）

机构或社团

剑桥大学出版社（Cambridge University Pre）

剑桥大学图书馆（Cambridge University Library）

剑桥联合会（The Cambridge Union Society）

剑桥大学学生联合会（The Cambridge University Students Union，CUSU）

剑桥大学研究生会（The Cambridge University Graduate Union, CUGU）

剑桥哲学学会（Cambridge Philosophical Society）

剑桥大学国际考试委员会（Cambridge International Examinations ）

其他由华人学生主导的社团

中英大学生会（Cambridge UniversityAociation of British And Chinese University Students）

剑桥研究学会（Aociation of Cambridge Studies）

剑桥中国联盟（The Cambridge China Union, CCU）

剑桥中国传统文化研习社（Cambridge Chinese Claics Society）

剑桥大学书法协会（Cambridge University Chinese Calligraphy Society）

剑桥大学中国文化促进协会（Cambridge University Chinese Cultural Society）

剑桥大学中国企业家俱乐部（Cambridge University Chinese Entrepreneurs Club）

剑桥大学中国创新创业俱乐部（Cambridge University Chinese Innovation & Entrepreneurship Club）

剑桥大学华乐团（Cambridge University Chinese Orchestra Society）

剑桥大学中国同学会（Cambridge University Chinese Society）

剑桥大学华新基金（Cambridge University CNY Trust）

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剑桥东方教育与发展协会（Cambridge Eastern Education and Development Society）

剑桥大学香港及中国事务会（Cambridge University Hong Kong and China Affairs Society）

剑桥大学香港研究生学会（Cambridge University Hong Kong Postgraduates Group）

剑桥大学醒狮团（Cambridge University Lion Dance Troupe）

剑桥东方文化学会（Cambridge Oriental Culture Aociation）

剑桥东方舞社（Cambridge University Oriental Dance Aociation）

推荐第6篇：剑桥大学奖学金

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剑桥大学（University of Cambridge）位于英格兰的剑桥镇，是英国也是全世界最顶尖的大学之一。剑桥大学和牛津大学（University of Oxford）齐名为英国的两所最优秀的大学，被合称为“Oxbridge”，英国许多著名的科学家、作家、政治家都来自于这所大学。剑桥大学还是英国的名校联盟“罗素集团”（Ruell Group of Universities）和欧洲的大学联盟科英布拉集团（Coimbra Group）的成员。剑桥大学（University of Cambridge），经常被简称为剑桥，是一所位于英国英格兰剑桥市的研究型大学，被誉为英国以及全世界最顶尖的大学之一。立思辰留学360介绍，始创于1209年，亦是英语世界里第二古老的大学。剑桥大学也是诞生最多诺贝尔奖得主的高等学府，共有90名诺贝尔奖得主现在或曾经在剑桥大学学习或工作。

奖学金

奖学金类别(中文)：盖茨剑桥奖学金

发放人群：

1、杰出的学术能力;

2、具有领导潜能;

3、致力于帮助改善他人生活;

4、申请剑桥任何专业的硕士;

5、除了英国外，任何国家的学生都可申请

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

奖学金类别(中文)：桑坦德剑桥奖学金

WWW.SLL.CN 等一以上学位，雅思达到7.0以上

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：￡10,000

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：新鸿基地产——Kwoks”奖学金

发放人群：

1、申请者来自任何一个国家并申请剑桥研究生，但优先授予桑坦德大学的学生;

2、获得二

发放人群：1，学生来自中国和香港;

2、必须签订回国工作的协议，并且工作时间不少于3年

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：志奋领/剑桥奖学金

发放人群：

1、申请者需要具有领导才能;

2、证明在剑桥学习期间需要资金帮助

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：中国农业银行剑桥奖学金

发放人群：

1、申请者需要在被认可的大学获得2等1学位，并且在中国读本科阶段获国家经济资助;

2、除MBA和金融硕士以外

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：格罗夫纳剑桥奖学金

发放人群：

1、申请者需要经济资助;

2、对房地产行业感兴趣或者致力于该行业;

3、提供给中国公民，和持有香港、澳门特别行政区护照的人

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发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：￡20,000

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：剑桥评估奖学金

发放人群：

1、申请者获得1等学位;

2、来自除了欧盟和瑞士的学生

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：威廉姆斯特奖学金

发放人群：申请者来自青藏高原及其周边地区或国家

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

申请截止日期：NA

奖学金类别(中文)：伊普温剑桥奖学金

发放人群：申请人必须是北京大学或清华大学学习,而且应该选择丘吉尔学院作为他们的第一选择大学;只接受来自中国的学生

发放人数：无具体人数

发放金额：无具体数据

申请截止日期：NA

推荐第7篇：剑桥大学外国校友

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剑桥大学（英文：University of Cambridge；勋衔：Cantab）坐落于英国剑桥，是一所誉满全球的世界顶级研究型书院联邦制大学，与牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、帝国理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院同属“G5超级精英大学”。立思辰河北留学360张晶老师介绍说，剑桥大学是英国本土历史最悠久的高等学府之一，学校前身是一个于公元1209年成立的学者协会，是英语世界中第二古老的大学。

立思辰河北留学360张晶老师介绍说，剑桥大学是多个学术联盟的成员之一，亦为英国“金三角名校”及剑桥大学医疗伙伴联盟的一部分，并与产业聚集地硅沼的发展息息相关。学校共设八间文艺及科学博物馆，并有馆藏逾1500万册的图书馆系统及全球最古老的剑桥大学出版社。

外国校友

鲁珀特·布鲁克（国王学院）

拜伦（三一学院）

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亨利·卡文迪许（彼得学院）

格雷厄姆·查普曼（伊曼纽尔学院）

爱德华·柯克爵士（三一学院）

塞缪尔·柯立芝（耶稣学院）

托马斯·克兰默（耶稣学院）

奥利弗·克伦威尔（西德尼·苏塞克斯学院）

查尔斯·达尔文（基督学院）

小威廉·皮特（彭布罗克学院）

约翰·戴登（三一学院）

爱德华·摩根·福斯特（国王学院）

迈克·弗赖恩（伊曼纽尔学院）

乔治六世（三一学院）

珍·古道尔（达尔文学院）

托马斯·格雷（彼得学院）

约翰·哈佛（伊曼纽尔学院）

弗雷德·霍伊尔（伊曼纽尔学院）

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯（国王学院）

C·S·刘易斯（麦格达伦学院）

玛格丽特二世（格顿学院）

克里斯托弗·马洛（圣体学院）

托马斯·马尔萨斯（耶稣学院）

约翰·弥尔顿（基督学院）

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弗兰西斯·培根（三一学院）

艾迪梅尔·纳布可夫（三一学院）

伊萨克·牛顿（三一学院）

塞缪尔·佩皮斯（麦格达伦学院）

希尔维亚·普拉斯（纽纳姆学院）

尼古拉斯·雷德利（国王学院）

萨尔曼·拉什迪（国王学院）

伯兰特·罗素（三一学院）

恩内斯特·卢瑟福（三一学院）

阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生（三一学院）

埃玛·汤普森（纽纳姆学院）

艾伦·图灵（国王学院）

约翰·沃利斯（伊曼纽尔学院）

弗兰西斯·华兴汉（国王学院）

詹姆斯·沃森（卡莱尔学院）

安德鲁·维尔斯（卡莱尔学院）

维特根斯坦（三一学院）

威廉·沃兹沃斯（圣约翰学院）

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（三一学院）

恩内斯特·卢瑟福（三一学院）

阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生（三一学院）

汤姆·希德勒斯顿（彭布罗克学院）

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弗莱迪·海默（伊曼纽尔学院）

印度前总理拉吉夫·甘地（三一学院）

新加坡前总理李光耀

丹·史蒂文斯（伊曼纽尔学院）

埃迪·雷德梅尼（三一学院）

查尔斯王储（三一学院）

日本皇族高圆宫久子王妃（格顿学院）

推荐第8篇：剑桥大学数学桥

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数学桥，也称为牛顿桥，是剑桥大学皇后学院中横跨剑河的一个座木桥。牛顿数学桥是剑桥大学城里一大景观，全桥由大小不一的木头衔接而成，有10299个接口，如果以一个接口用一枚铁钉计算，那么至少要需要同样数量的铁钉，但牛顿没用一枚铁钉。

古老的木质桁架桥数学桥，曾陪伴剑河沿岸最古老的建筑剑桥大学女王学院院长官邸，走过了250多个春秋。数学桥的传说在剑桥无人不晓，相传是牛顿在剑桥教书时亲自设计并建造的。

剑桥数学系的高材生们都梦想破解数学桥的奥秘，但如愿者无一。有个冰岛人创造了有史以来的最好成绩，将铁钉数减少到561枚。

牛顿数学桥评审委员承诺，谁在此基数上再减少铁钉数量，就能直接荣获剑桥大学数学博士学位。中国的留学生容幼英设计的数学桥只用了388枚铁钉。

后来，女王学院的学生为探究这座桥的奥秘，把它拆开剖析，但却无法复原，于是只好用钉子重新固定成现在的样子。

据考证，牛顿是不可能建造这座桥的。数学桥建于1749年，而牛顿则于1727年辞世。只能归结于剑桥人对牛顿太过钟爱，把很多故事与他相联。

实际上，这座桥是由詹姆斯?小埃塞克斯建造，其桥身相邻桁架之间均构成11.25度的夹角，“以直代曲”的微积分原理构成了圆形的拱式结构，展示出现代钢梁桥的雏形，得名数学桥。

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剑桥大学留学条件

剑桥大学的入学分数要求非常高，接受的考试种类也非常多，具体如下：

1.A-level课程：A-level分AS-level（相当于国内高三）和A2-level（比国内高三更高一级）两个阶段，AS-level和A2-level共同组成A-level。剑桥大学要求学生申请时将所有学习过AS-level课程和A2-level课程都递交给学校。AS-level通常要求4-5门课程（4门或5门没有区别），要求至少有3门达到A以上；A-level通常要求3-4门课程，人文社科类专业要求达到A*AA以上，理科类专业要求达到A*A*A以上。

2.IB课程：要求总分40-41分以上，要求至少有3门高水准课程（Higher Level），且其中至少有两门达到满分7分，另一门6分以上，也即要求达到7-7-6以上，部分专业还可能要求特定的课程达到7分。

3.AP课程要求至少有5门课程的分数达到满分5分，此外，通过AP课程申请的学生，还要求递交额外递交SAT和SATⅡ成绩，SATⅡ要求不低于700分。

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4.高考：剑桥大学接受高考分数直接申请，但要求非常之高——要求排名各省前1%-2%。单有会考成

本科生申请需要选择自己理想的学院，必须通过UCAS申请。申请截止日期是每年的10月15日，到时UCAS申请表必须递到UCAS。你不得同时申请牛津和剑桥。在申请表递上去之后，需在填写一份额外补充问卷。此问卷的底线一般为10月22日。所收到Conditional Offer的条件取决于相应的专业，老师的预估分等等因素，从A*A*A-A*AA不等。

最新国际学生语言要求（2014年9月入学）：IELTS总分不低于7.5，单项得分不得低于7.0

剑桥大学简介

剑桥大学（University of Cambridge；勋衔：Cantab），坐落于英国剑桥，是一所世界著名的公立研究型大学，采用书院联邦制，与牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、帝国理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院同属“G5超级精英大学”。剑桥大学是英国本土历史最悠久的高等学府之一，学校前身是一个于公元1209年成立的学者协会，是英语世界中第二古老的大学。

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学校800多年的历史中，涌现出牛顿、达尔文等一批引领时代的科学巨匠；造就了培根、凯恩斯等贡献突出的文史学者；培养了弥尔顿、拜伦等开创纪元的艺术大师，走出了8位英国首相；而截止2017年，共有116位诺贝尔奖获得者（世界第二）、10位菲尔兹奖得主（世界第六）、6位图灵奖得主（世界第八）曾在此学习或工作。剑桥大学在数学、物理、医学、法学、商学等多个领域拥有崇高的学术地位及广泛的影响力，被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育机构之一。立思辰留学360了解到，剑桥大学是多个学术联盟的成员之一，亦为英国“金三角名校”及剑桥大学医疗伙伴联盟的一部分，并与产业聚集地硅沼的发展息息相关。学校共设八间文艺及科学博物馆，并有馆藏逾1500万册的图书馆系统及全球最古老的剑桥大学出版社。

2017-18年，剑桥大学在《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排名中位列第

2、在世界大学学术排名（ARWU）中位列第

3、在QS世界大学排名中位列第

5、在usnews世界大学排名中位列第7。2017年，泰晤士高等教育颁布的世界大学声誉排名中，剑桥大学排名世界第4。

推荐第9篇：剑桥大学中国校友

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剑桥大学（英文：University of Cambridge；勋衔：Cantab）坐落于英国剑桥，是一所誉满全球的世界顶级研究型书院联邦制大学，与牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、帝国理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院同属“G5超级精英大学”。立思辰河北留学360郝晓静老师介绍说，剑桥大学是英国本土历史最悠久的高等学府之一，学校前身是一个于公元1209年成立的学者协会，是英语世界中第二古老的大学。

立思辰河北留学360郝晓静老师介绍说，剑桥大学是多个学术联盟的成员之一，亦为英国“金三角名校”及剑桥大学医疗伙伴联盟的一部分，并与产业聚集地硅沼的发展息息相关。学校共设八间文艺及科学博物馆，并有馆藏逾1500万册的图书馆系统及全球最古老的剑桥大学出版社。

中国校友

从20世纪初就开始有中国的学生到剑桥大学留学，徐志摩的《再别康桥》更是把我们带入一个充满浪漫和诗意的地方，令我们仰慕，令我们遐想。他曾满怀深情地说：“我的眼是康桥教我睁的，我的求知欲是康桥给我拨动的，我的自我意识是康桥给我胚胎的。”浓浓的康桥情结挥之不去。

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剑桥大学为中华民族培养了许多有为之士。除中国著名作家徐志摩外，还有萧乾、叶君健、金庸等作家。除著名数学家华罗庚外，还有张文裕、蔡翘、陈立、王应睐、刘佛年、王鸿祯、朱既明、王竹溪、戴文赛、伍连德、丁文江、李林等科学家。此外，前世界乒乓球冠军邓亚萍也毕业于剑桥大学。2015年香港小姐双料冠军麦明诗，毕业于该校法律系。

立思辰河北留学360郝晓静老师介绍说，剑桥大学原校长布鲁斯爵士是英国皇家工程院院长，也是剑桥建校近800年来第一位工程师出身的校长，同时他也是北京大学名誉博士。布鲁斯爵士为促进中英两国的科学文化交流做出了杰出的贡献。他不但促成李嘉诚基金会资助剑桥著名学者访问中国，建立了资助中国学生的专项奖学金“中国信用基金”，还成立了“中国问题研究中心”——东亚研究所，扩大了剑桥中国问题研究在世界的影响。

2005年9月30日，中国政府和英国剑桥大学签署了有关设立联合奖学金的协议，计划在3年内培养45名中国经济建设急需的高水平人才。此项奖学金计划从2006年开始实施，每年资助15名优秀中国学生，持续3年。中国国家留学基金管理委员会和剑桥大学海外基金会将各出资一半，提供学生的学费、生活费和往返英国的旅费。

剑桥大学校长艾利森·理查德在签字仪式后说：“剑桥大学与中国的教育合作将是中英整体合作中重要的一部分，也是剑桥在国际教育领域保持领先地位的保证。我们将为在剑桥学习的中国学生提供最好的教育，并希望与中国更多的学术机构建立联系。”

中国教育部部长周济演讲时说：“英国是欧洲地区中国留学生人数最多的国家。中国希望继续与剑桥这样的一流大学加强联合培训和联合研究项目，争取一种双赢的局面。”

推荐第10篇：温家宝剑桥大学演讲

2月2日，中国国务院总理温家宝在英国剑桥大学发表深情演讲，在向学生学者简要介绍中国改革开放历史的同时，敦促大家“用发展的眼光看中国”。

用发展的眼光看中国

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在剑桥大学的演讲

Speech at the University of Cambridge

尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen, 来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progre of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The succeful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelely to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

The title of my speech today is \"See China in the Light of Her Development\".我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progre of humanity.说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。 She is young, because the People\'s Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China\'s national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。 The key element of China\'s reform and opening-up is to free people\'s mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The eence of China\'s reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity acro the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happine with ingenuity and hard work.30年来，中国贫困人口减少了2亿多，人均寿命提高了5岁，8300万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。

Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, \"From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.\" The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous viciitudes but never gave up.我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundle desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the \"hero tree\", because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progre.此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年5月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔10 天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我7次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。 I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new clarooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning \"A country will emerge stronger from adversities.\" I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witneed countle touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progre.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China\'s per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。 The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient claic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世纪，中国着名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a meenger of love and friendship.国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。 The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China\'s cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China\'s development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other\'s culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China\'s television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others\' experience, we would not have enjoyed today\'s prosperity and progre.进入21世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

女士们，先生们！ Ladies and Gentlemen, 我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是30年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。 I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others; second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one\'s own interests at the expense of others; and third, addre both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, neceary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China\'s real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the preure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are: 一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国ＧＤＰ的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。 First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China\'s GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a maive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businees and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading acro the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emiions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。

Third, make energetic efforts for progre and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is poible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium- and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。 Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers\' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having acce to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and leen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people\'s livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China\'s development, but also bring enormous busine opportunities to other countries, Britain included.这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laiez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised maive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。 To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society\'s economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The lo of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have croed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every busineman should flow the blood of morality.女士们，先生们！ Ladies and Gentlemen, 英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding iues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨着《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。 The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambaadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progre hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.谢谢大家！ Thank you!

How to love our country? This is quite a comfusing question.When our country is in trouble or hurts, we may be very upset.It means we love our country and we won\'t hope anything wrong with it.However, sometimes we use the wrong way to protect our country.Fox example, we make some violence or something unsuitable.It won\'t do any good to our country.In my opinon.Doing our own things and make everything all right.That is helping our country and can represent our love to our nation.

i think we just need to be smart and reasonable.we have to distinguish that some actions are useful,but some are just making things worse.we all want to be a patriot, we only need to know how to be .

workers work hard .students study hard.make our country stronger than ever,that\'s the way we show our love

Well, this is a rather tricky topic these days.Since the ZD inccident during the Torch Relay overseas and Carrefour boycott.

And I\'ve seen so many news about many students parade on the street to block the entrance of the French supermarket.I even heared that some of them even throw water bottle on other people\'s faces just bcause they buy staff from Carrefour.Well, I think every thing we did has bottomline.If we cro the line, it may go to the contrary.Yes, we do love our country.And maybe boycott is one way to show our patriotism.But this dose not mean we have to fight against those who do not follow that way.Everyone has the freedom to choose their own way of expreing love for our country.You can parade, boycott, yell, preach, but remember you can never force others to join you unle they are convinced that it is the best way to do that.Patriotism dose not always mean radical actions, it\'s something that born within our heart.And many people expre it in small but mighty way by doing their own job well.So whether you are in favor of boycotting, I do not care.What I really care about is the chosing the reasonable way to expre our love for country.

As a student ,I kown that study is our duty nowadays, so do ourseves best to learn ,to read ,and rely on our kownlege to prove to the world that our chinese are great...

patriotic is a seriou topic,i love my motherland,and i am proud of being a chinese people,because chinese people is smart,brave and laborious,and out nation is all about it.out nation is powerful,i want to make our country more and more powerful,and i want to devote all my strength.

From the word \"Motherland\".we can see all the people have the same feeling to the country where he had born.I love my mother .and I love China .although nowadays China meet some difficulty .But i believe all chinese people will get together to coquer all the problems.and i hope my motherland became more and more flourishing.

It’s difficult to say what the real patriotism is; we have many ways to expre our emotion of loving country.From previous year to boycott Japanese product to recent time to reject the Careefour, we can see many people to show their patriotism through all kinds of methods.Many people will choose banner as a “weapon” on which some either humorous or severe words would be written to expre their feeling.And moreover some tender violent manner would be taken by some rage man like to burn their country’s flag,

In my prospective; violence is not a wise choice when we want to pretest our country’s benefit, or else our country was invaded by another country.So just adopt peaceful method to show our patriotism.

【今日Topic】相信中国制造（070824）

As Chinese we ought to trust Made in China, for China is our motherland, if we don’t trust it, who will? The foreigners? But only trust can’t solve the problem, why the world calls ‘Made in China’ into question? Whether the quality of the merchandise we made deserve our trust？I remember when I was in senior school, every Sunday noon my families would turn to the CCTV news channel to watch the ‘qualities checking reports every week’, I don’t know if you have seen this program, it is too awful to have lunch., but all of the merchandises exposed in the program are ‘Made in China’.Why they don’t question the merchandises made in US or made in other countries? Today, we are discuing whether we should trust ‘Made in China’, I think the problem is not the trust or distrust, it is how should we do to improve the quality of merchandises made in China, it need all of Chinese’s participate to build our credit standing to the world.

Man and Internet

Technology has greatly improved the way we get information.Students can now get more information, get it more quickly, and get it more conveniently. The Internet and the World Wide Web has opened every major library and database to students around the world.Information comes not only in print form, but also in multimedia.You can get audio and video data.You can get information about event in the past as well as events that unfold as you watch your computer monitor. Information comes at the speed of the Internet, which is to say in nanoseconds.You can type in a few key words in your search engine, and the engine will search the entire www to find information on your topic.You don’t have to spend hours pouring over card catalogs in the library and looking at the shelves.This research is done for you instantly on the Web. It is certainly more convenient to sit at home and do research on your computer.Your computer is open 24 hours a day, unlike a library or office, which has limited hours and limited resources.You can do research in your pajamas while you eat breakfast.What could be more convenient? Technology, especially the Internet, has certainly changed the quantity and quality of the information we get.The speed and convenience of a computer helps students learn more, more quickly.

第11篇：剑桥大学杰出校友

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剑桥大学（英文：University of Cambridge；勋衔：Cantab）坐落于英国剑桥，是一所誉满全球的世界顶级研究型书院联邦制大学，与牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、帝国理工学院、伦敦政治经济学院同属“G5超级精英大学”。立思辰山东留学360张琛老师介绍说，剑桥大学是英国本土历史最悠久的高等学府之一，学校前身是一个于公元1209年成立的学者协会，是英语世界中第二古老的大学。

剑桥大学是多个学术联盟的成员之一，亦为英国“金三角名校”及剑桥大学医疗伙伴联盟的一部分，并与产业聚集地硅沼的发展息息相关。立思辰山东留学360张琛老师介绍说，学校共设八间文艺及科学博物馆，并有馆藏逾1500万册的图书馆系统及全球最古老的剑桥大学出版社。

杰出校友

立思辰山东留学360张琛老师介绍说，学校800多年的历史中，涌现出牛顿、达尔文等一批引领时代的科学巨匠；造就了培根、凯恩斯等贡献突出的文史学者；培养了弥尔顿、拜伦等开创纪元的艺术大师，从这里走出了8位英国首相以及92位诺贝尔奖获得者，这些都为剑桥大学奠定了世界近现代学术文化中心的地位。

诺贝尔奖得主

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2016 Oliver Hart （King‘s College, 1966）Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖） for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter

2015 Angus Deaton, FitzwilliamCollege, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences（诺贝尔经济学奖） in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare

2013 Michael Levitt, Gonville and Caius/ Peterhouse Colleges, Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems

2012 John Gurdon, Churchill and Magdalene Colleges: Emeritus Profeor in Cell Biology: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent

2010 Robert G.Edwards, Churchill College: Emeritus Profeor of Human Reproduction: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the development of in vitro fertilization

2009 Venki Ramakrishnan, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome

2009 Elizabeth H.Blackburn, Darwin College, PhD 1975: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase

2008 Roger Y.Tsien, Churchill / Caius Colleges: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

2007 Martin Evans, Christ‘s College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells

2007 Eric Maskin, Jesus College: Prize in Economic Sciences（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

2005 Richard R.Schrock: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis

2002 Sydney Brenner, King’s College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

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2002 John Sulston, Pembroke College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

2001 Tim Hunt, Clare College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle

2001 Joseph Stiglitz, Caius College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for analyses of markets with asymmetric information

2000 Paul Greengard: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system

2000 Alan McDiarmid, Sidney Suex College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the discovery and development of conductive polymers

1998 John Pople, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the development of computational methods in quantum chemistry

1998 Amartya Sen, Trinity College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for his contributions to welfare economics

1997 John Walker, Sidney Suex College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for studying how a spinning enzyme creates the molecule that powers cells in muscles

1996 James Mirrlees, Trinity College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for studying behaviour in the absence of complete information

1989 Norman Ramsey, Clare College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for developing the separated field method

1986 Wole Soyinka, Churchill College: Nobel Prize in Literature（诺贝尔文学奖）

1984 Richard Stone, Caius College and fellow of King‘s College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for developing a national income accounting system

1984 Georges Kohler Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for developing a technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies

1984 Cesar Milstein, Fellow of Darwin and Fitzwilliam Colleges: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for developing a technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies

1983 William Fowler, Pembroke College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for the evolution and devolution of stars

WWW.SLL.CN for the evolution and devolution of stars

1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）,

1983 Gerard Debreu, Churchill College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for reforming the theory of general equilibrium

1982 Aaron Klug, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the structure of biologically active substances

1980 Walter Gilbert, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the theory of nucleotide links in nucleic acids

1980 Frederick Sanger, St John’s College and fellow of King‘s College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the theory of nucleotide links in nucleic acids

1979 Steven Weinberg: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for electromagnetic and weak particle interactions

1979 Allan Cormack, St John’s College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for developing CAT scans

1979 Abdus Salam, St John‘s College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for electromagnetic and weak particle interactions

1978 Pyotr Kapitsa, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for inventing the helium liquefier

1978 Peter Mitchell, Jesus College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the energy transfer procees in biological systems

1977 Philip Anderson, Churchill College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids

1977 Nevill Mott, Caius / St John’s Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids

1977 James Meade, Christ‘s/Trinity Colleges: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for contributions to the theory of international trade

1974 Patrick White, King’s College: Nobel Prize in Literature（诺贝尔文学奖）, for an epic and psychological narrative art

1974 Martin Ryle, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for the invention of aperture synthesis

WWW.SLL.CN for the discovery of pulsars

1974 Antony Hewish, Caius / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）,

1973 Brian Josephson, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for the tunnelling in superconductors and semiconductors

1972 Rodney Porter, Pembroke College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the chemical structure of antibodies

1972 Kenneth J Arrow, Churchill College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for the equilibrium theory

1972 John Hicks, Caius College: Prize in Economics（诺贝尔经济学奖）, for the equilibrium theory

1967 Ronald Norrish, Emmanuel College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the study of fast Chemical reactions

1967 George Porter, Emmanuel College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the study of fast Chemical reactions

1964 Dorothy Hodgkin, Newnham / Girton Colleges: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the structure of compounds used to fight anaemia

1963 Andrew Huxley, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the transmiion of impulses along a nerve fibre

1963 Alan Hodgkin, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the transmiion of impulses along a nerve fibre

1962 Max Perutz, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for determining the structure of haemoproteins

1962 Maurice Wilkins, St John‘s College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for determining the structure of DNA

1962 John Kendrew, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for determining the structure of haemoproteins

1962 James Watson, Clare College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for determining the structure of DNA

1962 Francis Crick, Caius / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for determining the structure of DNA

WWW.SLL.CN global disarmament

1959 Philip Noel-Baker, King’s College: Nobel Prize in Peace（诺贝尔和平奖）, for work towards

1958 Frederick Sanger, St John‘s College and fellow of King’s College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for the structure of the insulin molecule

1957 Alexander Todd, Christ‘s College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for work on nucleotides

1954 Max Born, CaiusCollege: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for fundamental research into quantum mechanics

1953 Hans Krebs: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discovering the citric acid cycle

1952 Richard Synge, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for developing partition chromatography

1952 Archer Martin, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for developing partition chromatography

1951 John Cockcroft, St John’s / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei

1951 Ernest Walton, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei

1950 Cecil Powell, Sidney Suex College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for photography of nuclear procees

1950 Bertrand Ruell, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Literature（诺贝尔文学奖）, for A History of Western Philosophy, 1946

1948 Patrick Blackett, Magdalene / Kings Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for nuclear physics and cosmic radiation

1947 Edward Appleton, St John‘s College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for discovering the Appleton Layer

1945 Howard Florey, Caius College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the discovery of penicillin

1945 Ernst Chain, Fitzwilliam College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the discovery of penicillin

WWW.SLL.CN interference in crystals irradiated by electrons

1937 George Thomson, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for

1937 Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, Fitzwilliam College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for combustion in biology

1936 Henry Dale, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for the chemical transmiion of nerve impulses

1935 James Chadwick, Caius College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for discovering the neutron

1933 Paul Dirac, St John’s College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for quantum mechanics

1932 Lord Adrian, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for work on the function of neurons

1932 Charles Sherrington, Caius College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for work on the function of neurons

1929 Frederick Hopkins, Trinity / Emmanuel Colleges: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for discovering growth stimulating vitamins

1928 Owen Richardson, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for creating Richardson‘s Law

1927 Charles Wilson, Sidney Suex College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for inventing the cloud chamber

1927 Arthur Holly Compton: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for discovering wavelength change in diffused X-rays

1925 Austen Chamberlain, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Peace（诺贝尔和平奖）, for work on the Locarno Pact, 1925

1922 Niels Bohr, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for investigating atomic structure and radiation

1922 Francis Aston, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for work on ma spectroscopy

1922 Archibald Hill, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Medicine（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）, for work on heat production in the muscles

WWW.SLL.CN the characteristics of X-radiation

1917 Charles Barkla, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for discovering

1915 William Bragg, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for analysing crystal structure using X-rays

1915 Lawrence Bragg, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for analysing crystal structure using X-rays

1908 Ernest Rutherford, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Chemistry（诺贝尔化学奖）, for atomic structure and radioactivity

1906 J.J.Thomson, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for investigating the electrical conductivity of gases

1904 Lord Rayleigh （John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh）, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics（诺贝尔物理学奖）, for discovering Argon

外国校友

鲁珀特·布鲁克（国王学院）

拜伦（三一学院）

亨利·卡文迪许（彼得学院）

格雷厄姆·查普曼（伊曼纽尔学院）

爱德华·柯克爵士（三一学院）

塞缪尔·柯立芝（耶稣学院）

托马斯·克兰默（耶稣学院）

奥利弗·克伦威尔（西德尼·苏塞克斯学院）

查尔斯·达尔文（基督学院）

小威廉·皮特（彭布罗克学院）

约翰·戴登（三一学院）

爱德华·摩根·福斯特（国王学院）

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迈克·弗赖恩（伊曼纽尔学院）

乔治六世（三一学院）

珍·古道尔（达尔文学院）

托马斯·格雷（彼得学院）

约翰·哈佛（伊曼纽尔学院）

弗雷德·霍伊尔（伊曼纽尔学院）

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯（国王学院）

C·S·刘易斯（麦格达伦学院）

玛格丽特二世（格顿学院）

克里斯托弗·马洛（圣体学院）

托马斯·马尔萨斯（耶稣学院）

约翰·弥尔顿（基督学院）

弗兰西斯·培根（三一学院）

艾迪梅尔·纳布可夫（三一学院）

伊萨克·牛顿（三一学院）

塞缪尔·佩皮斯（麦格达伦学院）

希尔维亚·普拉斯（纽纳姆学院）

尼古拉斯·雷德利（国王学院）

萨尔曼·拉什迪（国王学院）

伯兰特·罗素（三一学院）

恩内斯特·卢瑟福（三一学院）

阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生（三一学院）

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埃玛·汤普森（纽纳姆学院）

艾伦·图灵（国王学院）

约翰·沃利斯（伊曼纽尔学院）

弗兰西斯·华兴汉（国王学院）

詹姆斯·沃森（卡莱尔学院）

安德鲁·维尔斯（卡莱尔学院）

维特根斯坦（三一学院）

威廉·沃兹沃斯（圣约翰学院）

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（三一学院）

恩内斯特·卢瑟福（三一学院）

阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生（三一学院）

汤姆·希德勒斯顿（彭布罗克学院）

弗莱迪·海默（伊曼纽尔学院）

印度前总理拉吉夫·甘地（三一学院）

新加坡前总理李光耀

丹·史蒂文斯（伊曼纽尔学院）

埃迪·雷德梅尼（三一学院）

查尔斯王储（三一学院）

日本皇族高圆宫久子王妃（格顿学院）

中国校友

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剑桥大学原校长布鲁斯爵士是英国皇家工程院院长，也是剑桥建校近800年来第一位工程师出身的校长，同时他也是北京大学名誉博士。布鲁斯爵士为促进中英两国的科学文化交流做出了杰出的贡献。他不但促成李嘉诚基金会资助剑桥著名学者访问中国，建立了资助中国学生的专项奖学金“中国信用基金”，还成立了“中国问题研究中心”——东亚研究所，扩大了剑桥中国问题研究在世界的影响。

第12篇：申请剑桥大学研究生

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申请剑桥大学研究生

1、拥有认证大学的学士学位;平均分85-95或以上;

2、雅思不低于7.5分。

剑桥大学研究生专业

建筑和艺术史系;古希腊和罗马语言文学系;神学系;英语系;现代和中古语言学系;音乐系;东方系;经济系;教育系;历史系;法律系;哲学系;社会和政治科学系;地球科学地理系;工程系;数学系;物理化学系;考古和人类学系;医药医学系;计算机科学技术;土地经济系;管理系;生物系;心理学。

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剑桥大学读研要多久

去英国读研究生一般只需要一年时间就可以毕业。时间比较紧，一般分3个学期。英国硕士的学制虽然只有一年，但其实相当于把平常的两年期硕士浓缩为一年。课业相当紧张，安排得也很紧凑。国际学制学分评估系统曾经对比各国的教育体制评分，证实英国的一年硕士的所修学分完全等同甚至高于其他国家的硕士学分。

立思辰留学360介绍，剑桥大学读研一般读一年，具体请看以下的专业学制：

(化学工程学)学制：1年专业方向：工程技术学学位类型：高级化学工程哲学硕士

(生物学)学制：1年专业方向：自然科学学位类型：生物科学企业哲学硕士

(化学工程学)学制：1年专业方向：工程技术学学位类型：化学工程与生物技术哲学硕士

(计算机科学)学制：1年专业方向：信息技术学学位类型：高级计算机科学哲学硕士

(历史学)学制：1年专业方向：人文社会科学学位类型：早期现代历史哲学硕士

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(历史学)学制：1年专业方向：人文社会科学学位类型：历史研究哲学硕士

(历史学)学制：1年专业方向：人文社会科学学位类型：盎格鲁撒克逊、北欧和凯尔特哲学硕士

(人类学)学制：1年专业方向：人文社会科学学位类型：应用生物人类学哲学硕士

(犯罪学)学制：1年专业方向：人文社会科学学位类型：犯罪学哲学硕士

(犯罪学)学制：2年专业方向：人文社会科学学位类型：应用犯罪学与警务管理研究硕士

第13篇：剑桥大学开学典礼致辞

1 Experts estimate that by the end of the century, half of the 6,000 languages spoke on our planetwill have disappeared.In west Africa, academics in Togo are trying to protect the small country\'srich cultural and language heritage.

At the University of Lome, Profeor N\'bueke Adovi Goeh-Akue shows a visitor some video groupsof Gen cultural rituals.The Profeor is a cultural heritage specialist, he is also himself a Gen, one ofmany ethnic groups in Togo.

He is making films of Gen cultural customs with financial help from the United States.He says theGen have an important place in Togo\'s history and culture.Gen rituals show how its people seetheir world; the interaction between the living and the dead, the seen and the unseen.\"

The Gen believe in numerous voodoo deities.But today Profeor Goeh-Akue says fewer andfewer Gen children go through voodoo initiation ceremonies.He says that increasingly the newgeneration does not recognize the importance of these cultural traditions.

He says formal education and the spread of Christianity have reduced their influence.Many youngpeople think traditional practices are uncivilized.And while the Gen language is widely spoken in thecapital Lome, The Profeor says it is not taught in schools.

Gen is one of about 39 languages spoke in Togo.A specialist in the UNESCO endangered languageprogram says, by the end of the century, more than half of Africa\'s languages will be gone.

The specialist Anahit Minasyan says a language needs speakers, preferably people who speak it astheir mother-tongue or first language.But she says a language at least needs people who canspeak it as their second language.

If they are tiny, she says , a language is extinct.She says languages can die as a result of anincreasingly globalized world.

\"People switch to a language or they raise their children in a language which they think will providefor a better economic opportunity in the future.\"

Ms.Minasyan says in Africa, for example, people often switch to larger African languages — notnecearily to English or French, instead, people might switch to Hausa or Swahili or Wolof, theseare more speakers and provide more economic opportunities than their mother tongues.

Socio-linguist Komlan Eizewa says that today many young urban Togolese switch among severallanguages, these include the Mina language spoken in cities.

\"As a linguist, we have to be very worried about it.Because today, even when people move backto their village, they don\'t use the language of the village as it is.\" 2 China is strengthening its image as the most important market for the automobile industry.Chinese auto sales are up 13 percent from one year ago.Industry observers are predicting totalsales of over 20 million vehicles this year.

By comparison, a little more than 15 million vehicles are expected to be sold in the United States.The importance of the Chinese market could be seen last month at the Shanghai auto show.Industry representatives there were showing products design to meet China\'s growing demandfor luxury cars and larger vehicles.

Dave Schoch is with the Ford Motor Company.He welcomed the chance to meet with thousandsof poible car buyers.

\"So you\'ve got 30 million customers out there, all with different tastes and different affordabilitylevels.

And what Ford wants to do is bring the power and leverage of our global line-up, you know fromsmall to medium to large, into China.\"

However, competition can be fierce.Dieter Zetsche is the Chairman of the German automanufacturer Daimler AG.

\"We are increasing our local content here in this country.And next month we are opening the firstengine plant with the capacity of 250,000 units outside of Germany for Mercedes engines.\"

Many Chinese see cars as a sign of succe.Yale Zhang is with Automotive Foresight, an industrygroup.He says the rising demand for top quality automobiles is a sign of China\'s rise as aneconomic superpower.

\"This market is becoming more like European or American style.\"

Demand has been especially high for larger sport utility vehicles, SUVs.

Karsten Engel is head of the BMW Group in China.He says the spacious insides of SUVs appeal tothe newly rich, although some will probably never drive them.

\"The ultimate driving machine, you probably experience a lot from the rear seat with your driver,so you need more space, you want more space.

You want to have the poibility to work in the car.\"

That is something Stefan Brungs understands.He is the marketing director for the automakerBugatti\'s.

\"This is what the Chinese have learned and perceived as luxury -- to sit in the back and bechauffeured.\"

The demand for larger cars is strong, yet environmental iues and fuel concerns are leading toincreased interest in vehicles with better fuel economy.

Nian\'s Asia Vice President Andy Palmer:

\"Four years ago, when we introduced the concept of the electric car, most of our colleagues inthe industry thought that we had lost our minds.Now it doesn\'t look so stupid, you know?\"

For now, observers say new hybrid and electric technology is not a major force in the Chinesemarket.New information shows sales of SUV\'s are up nearly 50 percent from a year ago, andexperts says SUV sales are likely to double by 2015.

And that\'s the Economics Report.I\'m Christopher Cruise.

3 The University of Cambridge is a place, a community, and an institution.It is also a pervasive presence in the world.The Cambridge University community is preponderantly British: 75% of our academic staff are British, 85% of our undergraduates, and almost 50% of our postgraduates.Collegiate Cambridge remains deeply committed to the education of outstanding British students.

That aertion is fully consonant with a Cambridge fast becoming more international in many, many ways.A wealth of research collaborations between Cambridge academics and colleagues around the world are documented in the online International Directory to be launched by the University this year.Although teaching and learning are still overwhelmingly Cambridge-based activities and relatively few students study abroad, the number of international programmes for training and education is growing.Cambridge University’s global presence is such that already it has few if any equals.

What Cambridge does well, and must keep doing, is respond to change in the world and help shape and lead it.As more and more people live and work acro a range of cultures, our teaching must help prepare our students for that life.For graduate students, the potential transformation of Cambridge to a fully international University could be much closer if the decline continues in the number of British students studying for doctoral degrees, with dramatic shrinkage in certain fields.These students are not being kept out by international students: they are not applying, or not applying here.We must improve funding for UK postgraduate students as a matter of urgency.

Cambridge is among the most beautiful universities in the world, and experiencing that beauty is part of what it means to be at Cambridge.We are an integral part of a lively and interesting city.There was a time in the 1950s and 60s when things looked different, and the university was too dominant in the local economy for anyone’s health.That changed, happily.

第14篇：中英文剑桥大学江主席致辞

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Speech delivered by Chinese President Jiang Zemin at the University of Cambridge on October 22.1999

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Students and Faculty, Ladies and Gentlemen:¡¡

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I would like to thank you, Sir Alec Broers, Vice-Chancellor, for the invitation, which brings me to the famous Cambridge University.

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It gives me great pleasure to be together with young friends in a discuion on how mankind should rise up to the challenge in the new century and build a better future.

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Today, Cambridge University, which has produced more Nobel Prize winners than any other university, still takes a significant place among all the institutions of higher learning in the world.

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Over fifty years ago when I was a university student, many young Chinese students were longing for an opportunity to come and study in Cambridge.

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This university began its contacts with China as early as the beginning of the last century.

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A hundred years ago, Cambridge started the Chinese language course.

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The late Dr.Joseph Needham of Cambridge University enjoyed a high prestige in the Chinese academic circles.

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He devoted his entire life to the writing of Science and Civilization in China, a monumental work for study on ancient Chinese science and technology and cultural achievements.

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For 100 years, many Chinese scholars, best represented by Mr.Hua Luogeng, an outstanding Chinese mathematician, have traveled long distances to study in Cambridge.

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Today, the Chinese academic community still maintains good exchanges and cooperation with Cambridge.

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This has played a positive role in and exerted a sound influence on enhanced cultural exchanges and friendship between the Chinese and British people and progre in science and technology as well as in thinking.

20ÊÀ¼Í£¬ÈËÀà´´ÔìµÄÎïÖÊºÍ¾«Éñ²Æ¸»£¬³¬¹ýÁËÒÔÍùÈÎºÎÒ»¸öÊ±´ú¡£I

n the 20th century, mankind has created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other time in history.

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Regrettably, it is also in these 100 years that humanity has experienced unprecedented hardships, particularly the havoc of the two world wars.

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However, it is always the people of the world that make and write world history.In this sense, justice will inevitably prevail over evil, light over darkne and progre over backwardne.Mankind will undoubtedly keep on overcoming difficulties and obstacles, blaze new trails and steadily move forward to a better future.

21ÊÀ¼Í¾ÍÒªµ½À´£¬ÊÀ½çÈËÃñËäÈ»ÈÔÃæÁÙ×ÅºÜ¶àÑÏ¾þµÄÌôÕ½£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿Ï¶¨µØËµ£¬ÈËÀàÒ²ÃæÁÙ×Å¾Þ´óµÄ·¢Õ¹»úÓö¡£

The 21st century is approaching.The people of the world still face many tough challenges, but definitely they also see enormous opportunities for development.

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So long as the people of the world work in unison and form a strong force to tackle all challenges, mankind with its civilization will continue to march forward against all odds.like a ship braving the wind and the waves.People of different countries have traversed different roads of historical development.Each nation with its own cultural background, social system and value, will continue to lead a life in its own way.

ÊÀ½çÊÇ·á¸»¶à²ÊµÄ¡£

The world is colorful and diversified.

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People of different countries have traversed different roads of historical development.Each nation with its own cultural background, social system and value, will continue to lead a life in its own way.

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This diversity is the very reason why the world is full of competition, vigor and innovation.

¸÷¹úÖ®¼äÓ¦¸Ã¼ÓÇ¿½»Á÷ºÍÁË½â£¬ÔÚÏà»¥×ðÖØºÍÆ½µÈÏà´ýµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ¹²Í¬Ç°½ø£¬¶ø²»Ó¦ÈÃÕâÖÖ¶àÑùÐÔ³ÉÎª×è°-¸÷¹úÈËÃñÐ¯ÊÖ¹²½øµÄ¸ôºÒ£¬¸ü²»Ó¦ÈËÎªµØ´ÓÖÐÌôÆð¶ÔÁ¢ºÍ³åÍ»¡£

Countries should enhance exchanges and understanding, and move ahead together on the basis of mutual respect and equality.They should not allow the diversity to be a barrier to their forward march, still le should they deliberately provoke confrontation and conflict.

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To respect and develop the diversity of world civilization and identify therefrom common interests are a great driving force propelling human society forward.

Here, I want to share with you some of my thoughts on China\'s development, in the hope that it will give you a better understanding of my country.

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The People\'s Republic of China has just celebrated its 50th anniversary.

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Fifty years are but a brief moment for Chinese civilization that has been going on for more than 5,000 years.

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第15篇：中英文剑桥大学江主席致辞

中英文剑桥大学-江主席致辞.txt12思念是一首诗，让你在普通的日子里读出韵律来；思念是一阵雨，让你在枯燥的日子里湿润起来；思念是一片阳光，让你的阴郁的日子里明朗起来。剑桥大学访问-主席致辞中英对译

（1999．10．22）

Speech delivered by Chinese President Jiang Zemin at the University of Cambridge on October 22.1999

校长先生，同学们，老师们，女士们，先生们：

Students and Faculty, Ladies and Gentlemen:

我感谢布罗斯校长的邀请，使我有机会来到久负盛名的剑桥大学访问。

I would like to thank you, Sir Alec Broers, Vice-Chancellor, for the invitation, which brings me to the famous Cambridge University.能够与青年朋友们聚集一堂，共同讨论人类如何在新世纪里迎接挑战、创造更加美好的未来，我感到十分高兴。

It gives me great pleasure to be together with young friends in a discuion on how mankind should rise up to the challenge in the new century and build a better future.剑桥大学是具有700多年历史的世界著名学府，曾培养出牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文等对人类进步事业作出杰出贡献的伟大科学家、思想家和诗人。

Cambridge University is a world-renowned university with a history of more than 700 years.It has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progre of mankind.今天，剑桥大学作为获得诺贝尔奖学者最多的大学，在世界高等学府中依然居于显要的地位。

Today, Cambridge University, which has produced more Nobel Prize winners than any other university, still takes a significant place among all the institutions of higher learning in the world.

50多年前，在我上大学的那个年代，就有不少的中国年轻学子向往到剑桥负笈求学。

Over fifty years ago when I was a university student, many young Chinese students were longing for an opportunity to come and study in Cambridge.

剑桥大学与中国交往的历史，早在上个世纪之交就开始了。

This university began its contacts with China as early as the beginning of the last

century.

一百年前，剑桥大学开设了汉语课程。

A hundred years ago, Cambridge started the Chinese language course.

贵校已故的李约瑟博士在中国学术界享有很高的声名。

The late Dr.Joseph Needham of Cambridge University enjoyed a high prestige in the Chinese academic circles.

他倾注毕生心血撰写的《中国科学技术史》，是一部研究中国古代科学技术和文明成就的鸿篇巨制。

He devoted his entire life to the writing of Science and Civilization in China, a monumental work for study on ancient Chinese science and technology and cultural achievements.

100年来，许多中国学者不远万里到剑桥求学访问，中国杰出的数学家华罗庚就是其中最著名的代表。

For 100 years, many Chinese scholars, best represented by Mr.Hua Luogeng, an outstanding Chinese mathematician, have traveled long distances to study in Cambridge.

今天，中国学术界和剑桥大学继续保持着良好的交流与合作。

Today, the Chinese academic community still maintains good exchanges and cooperation with Cambridge.

这对加强中英人民的文化交流和友谊，推进科技和思想进步产生了积极的作用和影响。

20世纪，人类创造的物质和精神财富，超过了以往任何一个时代。I

n the 20th century, mankind has created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other time in history.

令人遗憾的是，人类在这100年中也经历了前所未有的苦难，特别是遭受了两次世界大战的浩劫。

Regrettably, it is also in these 100 years that humanity has experienced unprecedented hardships, particularly the havoc of the two world wars.

但是世界的历史从来是由世界人民创造和书写的，因而正义总会战胜邪恶，光明总会战胜黑暗，进步总会战胜落后，人类必然会不断地克服艰难险阻，向着美好的未来开拓前进。

21世纪就要到来，世界人民虽然仍面临着很多严峻的挑战，可以肯定地说，人类也面临着巨大的发展机遇。

The 21st century is approaching.The people of the world still face many tough challenges, but definitely they also see enormous opportunities for development.

只要世界人民同心协力，形成战胜一切挑战的巨大力量，人类文明进步的航船就必将乘风破浪地前进。

世界是丰富多彩的。

The world is colorful and diversified.

各国人民走过了不同的历史发展道路，有着不同的文化背景、社会制度和价值观念，延续着不同的生活方式。

This diversity is the very reason why the world is full of competition, vigor and innovation.

各国之间应该加强交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基础上共同前进，而不应让这种多

样性成为阻碍各国人民携手共进的隔阂，更不应人为地从中挑起对立和冲突。

尊重和发展世界文明的多样性，并在这种多样性中找到共同利益之所在，是人类社会向前发展的伟大动力。

To respect and develop the diversity of world civilization and identify therefrom common interests are a great driving force propelling human society forward.

这里，我想就中国的发展这个题目谈一些我的看法，希望有助于诸位对中国的了解。

Here, I want to share with you some of my thoughts on China\'s development, in the hope that it will give you a better understanding of my country.

中华人民共和国刚刚度过了50岁的生日。

The People\'s Republic of China has just celebrated its 50th anniversary.

对于绵延5000多年的中华文明而言，50年只是弹指一挥间。

Fifty years are but a brief moment for Chinese civilization that has been going on for more than 5,000 years.

然而，在这50年中，中国这个古老的国度发生了翻天覆地的变化，面貌焕然一新。

第16篇：温总理剑桥大学演讲1

用发展的眼光看中国━━在剑桥大学的演讲

中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝

Speech at the University of Cambridge

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People\'s Republic of China

2 February 2009

尊敬的校长，老师们，同学们：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen,

来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校８００周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！首先，我向剑桥大学赠送“中华数字书苑”，其中收录了中国出版的２０万种电子图书，涉及中国政治、经济、历史、文化等各个领域，大家可以从中更多地了解中国。 It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progre of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.

这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The succeful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelely to promote friendly ties between our two countries. 今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

The title of my speech today is \"See China in the Light of Her Development\".

我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.

说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。

我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous viciitudes but never gave up.

此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年５月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔１０天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我７次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。 I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new clarooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning \"A country will emerge stronger from adversities.\" I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witneed countle touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.

经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，仅为英国的十八分之一。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.

中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。

“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有３亿人在学英语，有１００多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

第17篇：温总理剑桥大学演讲(中英文)

用发展的眼光看中国

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在剑桥大学的演讲

Speech at the University of Cambridge 中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People\'s Republic of

China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen,

来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The succeful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute 贡品、颂词to all those who have been working tirelely to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

The title of my speech today is \"See China in the Light of Her Development\".我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

She is young, because the People\'s Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting 不懈的struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China\'s national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.使年轻，恢复活力

The key element of China\'s reform and opening-up is to free people\'s mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

温家宝在剑桥大学的演讲（中英文对照+视频）温家宝在世界经济论坛2009年年会上的讲话（双语）视频：温家宝剑桥大学发表深情演讲 (文本+翻译) 09.3.13温家宝答记者问全文（同传视频）中国总理温家宝在剑桥大学演讲侧记（中日）【超准】点击就知道你的职业前景

经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient claic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

15世纪，中国着名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China\'s cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China\'s development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others\' succeful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progre in a civilized and harmonious way. 女士们，先生们！ Ladies and Gentlemen, 我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是30年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。 I stre the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and oified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others; second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one\'s own interests at the expense of others; and third, addre both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, neceary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China\'s GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a maive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businees and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

第18篇：驻英国大使刘晓明在英国剑桥大学的演讲中英文对照

成功的道路，全面的发展

——驻英国大使刘晓明在英国剑桥大学的演讲英国剑桥大学嘉治商学院 2011年2月22日

The Road to Succe and Comprehensive Development --Speech by H.E.Ambaador Liu Xiaoming at the University of Cambridge Judge Busine School, University of Cambridge 22 February 2011

尊敬的剑桥大学校长博里塞维奇爵士，老师们，同学们：

Vice Chancellor Sir Leszek Borysiewicz, Faculty members, Students,

很高兴应博里塞维奇校长的邀请访问剑桥大学并作演讲。

It is my great pleasure and privilege to visit Cambridge at the invitation of the Vice Chancellor and to speak at the Judge Busine School.

这是我出使英国后第一次来到剑桥，但我对剑桥丝毫没有陌生感。

This is my first visit to Cambridge as Chinese Ambaador to the UK.Yet Cambridge is no stranger to me.

虽然我到英国后先去了牛津，但我知道“牛津出首相、剑桥出诺贝尔奖”这句佳话，知道剑桥大学校友获得了88个诺贝尔奖，相当于英国所获诺奖的总和，在世界所有大学中保持最高纪录。

I heard a saying: \"If you want to meet prime ministers, go to Oxford; but for Nobel Prize winners, go to Cambridge\".Cambridge alumni won 88 Nobel Prizes, as many as the prizes won by Britain as a country, ranking first in all the universities around the world.

我最早相识剑桥，是因为徐志摩先生在这里留下了《再别康桥》这样的千古绝唱，也是因为李约瑟博士在这里写就了鸿篇巨著《中国科学技术史》。

I first got to know Cambridge from Chinese poet Xu Zhimo who wrote his best-known poem Farewell to Cambridge, and later from Dr Joseph Needham who wrote and edited the epic series Science and Civilisation in China.

我第一次走进“剑桥”，是29年前我在美国塔夫茨大学弗莱彻学院读书的时候。当时弗莱彻学院由塔夫茨大学和哈佛大学共同管理，两院校图书馆使用统一索引，我经常去位于“剑桥”的哈佛大学图书馆查阅资料。

My first visit to a place called Cambridge was 29 years ago when I was a student at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, which was then jointly administered by Tufts and Harvard.As Fletcher and Harvard shared the same library call number, I went to the Harvard Cambridge Library quite often.

今天，我走进“正宗”的剑桥，这既是一次工作性质的访问，推动剑桥大学与中国的教育合作，也是一次个人的精神寻旅，品味剑桥800年的文化积淀。当然，我也愿就大家关心的中国话题，与你们交流讨论。

Today I have finally come to the real Cambridge, both on a personal journey to fulfil a long-cherished dream of seeing Cambridge and experiencing its 800-year heritage and on an official visit to discu educational cooperation and to talk about China.

上周，根据中日两国的最新GDP统计数字，中国正式超过日本成为了世界第二大经济体。世界上各大媒体都将此作为热点新闻进行报道。世界再次聚焦中国，围绕中国问题的讨论一直方兴未艾，现在再次升温。我总结了一下人们热议的几个问题：一是中国成为世界第二说明了什么？二是中国是否很快会成为世界第一？三是中国能否持续高速发展？四是中国发展对世界意味什么？今天，我想就这些问题谈谈我的看法。

Last week one of the headline news was that China has officially overtaken Japan as the world\'s second largest economy.This has put China in the limelight once again and stoked an ongoing discuion about China.Many questions were asked: What does China being the second largest economy tell us? How soon is China going to be number one? Will China be able to sustain such rapid growth? What does China\'s development mean to the world? The list can go on and on.But these are the most asked questions.Let me share my thoughts about these questions.

首先，中国成为世界第二大经济体说明什么？我认为，它说明了中国发展道路的成功。

First question: What does it tell us that China rolls in at number two? I think it tells the succeful story of China\'s development.

中国为什么会取得如此成功？中国成功的经验是什么？中国成功靠走适合自己国情的道路。一个十三亿人口的大国，一个有五千年文明历史的古国，该走什么样的道路才能发展，教科书上没有现成的答案，历史上也没有可以参考的先例。但中国人“摸着石头过河”，牢牢把握自己的国情，不断探索实践，开拓创新，借鉴吸取世界各国有益经验，实现了天翻地覆的变化。

The secret of China\'s succe is simple and open.That is China has found a development model well suited to its national conditions.How should we go about developing a country with 1.3 billion people and a history of 5 thousand years? Neither textbooks nor history has given us the ready answer.As Mr Deng Xiaoping termed it, we managed to \"cro the river by feeling for the stones\".We explored our way forward in a pioneering spirit by combining the useful experiences of other countries with the unique circumstances of China.

中国成功靠“改革开放”。开放，不仅是经济上的对外开放，从封闭半封闭到全方位、多层次、宽领域对外开放，更是思想头脑的解放，社会的自由宽松，政府的公开透明。改革，不仅是改革经济制度，将高度集中的计划经济体制改革为充满生机和活力的社会主义市场经济体制，也是政治、社会、文化的全面改革和建设。

China\'s succe also lies in its commitment to reform and opening-up.Opening-up means embracing the global economy at every level and in every area.But it is much more than that.It also means freeing your mind, fostering a more open and diverse society.It means nurturing a culture of open and transparent government.Reform is about transforming the planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy.It is also about making comprehensive progre in political, social and cultural spheres.

西方有些人认为，中国只搞经济改革，不搞政治改革。这是对中国全面改革的一种误解。事实上，30多年来，中国的经济体制改革每推进一步，政治体制改革也深化一步。人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，在中国政治生活中的地位和作用越来越大。30多年来，中国民主法制建设不断加强，坚持依法治国，几千年形成的人治社会正在向法治社会转变。30多年来，中国人权事业有了大发展，我们将尊重和保障人权写入了宪法，依法保障全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利，同时加强国际人权合作。

Some people in the West believe China has carried out reform only in economic sector, not in political system.This is a misunderstanding of China\'s comprehensive reform.During the past 3 decades, political reform has come with economic reform every step of the way, and political progre has been achieved hand in hand with economic growth.We have seen a growing role of the National People\'s Congre and multi-party political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party.Democratic decision making and the legal system has been strengthened.The millennium-old pattern of \"rule by man\" is giving way to the rule of law.We have also seen significant progre in human rights.The promotion and protection of human rights has been written into the Chinese Constitution.All citizens enjoy the rights protected by law to equal participation and development.We have also strengthened international cooperation on human rights.

历史上，中国并非没有尝试过西方式的民主，但都并未给中国带来繁荣和富强。今天，我们找到了一条适合自己发展的道路，建立了有中国特色的民主制度，我们有什么理由动摇？有什么理由折腾？

It was not for lack of trying that Western-style democracy did not bring China the prosperity and strength it had wanted so badly in its modern history.Now that we have found our own road to succe and Chinese style democracy, why should we waver or give it up?

第二个问题，中国是否已在坐二望一，很快超过美国？回答这个问题前，我们不妨看以下几对关键词：

Second question, how soon is China going to overtake the US? Before we answer this question, let\'s look at some key words:

一是“总量”和“人均”。尽管中国经济总量成了世界第二，去年达到5.8万亿美元，但人均GDP只有4300美元，仍排在世界百位左右，离中等发达国家相距甚远，仅占英国的1/9，美国的1/10。

\"Aggregates\" and \"per capita\".China\'s economic aggregates stood at 5.8 trillion US dollars in 2010, ranking second in the world.But its per capita GDP was merely 4,300 US dollars, lower than about 100 other countries, only one ninth of the UK, and one tenth of the US.

二是“沿海”与“内地”及“城市”与“农村”。中国的沿海很发达，城市很繁荣，但是中国西部经济仍很落后，而且中国的城镇化率仅有46%，城乡居民收入比高达3.23：1。我曾在中国最贫困的省份之一甘肃担任两年省长助理，对此深有感受。甘肃地处大西北，自然条件恶劣，沙漠化对当地人民的生存构成了严峻挑战，经济发展困难很大。许多农村的孩子们没有电脑，更从来没有上过互联网。很多孩子在完成国家9年义务阶段教育后，由于经济原因不得不中止学业。

\"Coastal\" and \"inland\", \"urban\" and \"rural\".We have in China both rich cities in the coastal regions and under developed poor regions in the west of the country.The urbanisation rate is only 46%, and the urban/rural income ratio is as high as 3.23 to 1.I served for two years as Aistant Governor in one of the poorest provinces in northwest China – Gansu.Gansu suffers from tough natural conditions.Desertification threatens the livelihood of the local people and economic development is a huge challenge.Many of the children in the countryside do not have acce to computers or the internet.Many boys and girls have to drop out of school because their families cannot afford their continued education.

三是“制造”与“创造”。中国是制造业大国，但很多产品只有加工、封装等劳动力密集型环节在中国完成，研发设计、关键部件和市场营销都在国外，中国处在国际产业链的末端。中国出口商品中90%是贴牌生产，每部手机售价的20%、计算机售价的30%、数控机床售价的20%到40%，都要支付给国外专利持有者。从“中国制造”到“中国创造”还有很长的路要走。

\"Made in China\" and \"created in China\".For all its manufacturing strength, China is still at the lower end of the value chain.In many cases only the labour-intensive parts of production such as proceing and packaging are done in China.R&D, design, key components and marketing are done elsewhere.90% of China\'s export commodities are OEM products.20% of the retail value of every mobile phone, 30% that of computers and 20-40% that of Computer Numerical Control machine tools go to foreign patent owners.There is still a long way to go from \"Made in China\" to \"created in China\".

四是“粗放”与“集约”。有数据显示，中国单位GDP的能耗是国际水平的三至四倍，是英国的八倍。中国消耗了全球46％的钢铁、16％的能源、52％的水泥，但仅创造了全球8％左右的GDP。中国经济发展效率还有待大幅提升，需要从“粗放型”向“集约型”发展。

\"Energy-intensive\" and \"energy-efficient\".Statistics show that China\'s energy intensity is 3 to 4 times that of the international average and 8 times that of the UK.China consumes 46% of the world\'s iron and steel, 16% of energy, 52% of cement, and only produces 8% of the world\'s GDP.China still has a lot to do to raise the quality and efficiency of its economic growth.

因此，中国经济总量虽然已居世界第二，但人均水平和GDP质量还远没有达到发达国家的水平。我们不是“谦虚”，也不是“虚伪”，更不是想逃避“责任”，而是中国仍然是一个不折不扣的发展中国家。集中精力搞建设，一心一意谋发展，是我们长期的优先任务。我们不追求“虚名”，要的是实实在在的国强和民富。

Although China is now number 2 economy in the world, we still lag far behind developed countries in per capita income and quality of GDP.China is still a developing country, not because we are modest or hypocritical, or we wish to escape from our responsibilities.Development will remain a top priority for China for a long time to come.

第三个问题，中国已经高速行进了30多年，今后还能持续快速发展吗？

Third question: Can China sustain its fast growth after 3 decades?

回答是肯定的。中国还处在工业化中期阶段和城镇化加速上升阶段，中国仍需要大量的基础设施投资，需要在未来20年安置3亿多人口从农村迁移到城市，需要满足人民消费结构从温饱向小康升级换代的需求，需要实现西部地区向东部地区的发展水平看齐，因此中国经济并不缺乏动力，仍有很大的发展空间，我们有充分理由保持乐观。

The answer is positve.China is still in the course of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.This is a phase when maive infrastructure investment is needed.300 million people are expected to move from the countryside to the cities in the next 20 years.The Chinese people need to upgrade their consumption pattern, and the western regions need to catch up with their eastern counterparts.So driving force is never lacking for the Chinese economy, and there is plenty of potential to be tapped.We have reasons to be optimistic about the future.

中国去年底制定了“十二五”规划，即将在下月交由全国人民代表大会审议，这将是未来5年中国发展的重要蓝图。

The National People\'s Congre will review China\'s 12th Five-Year Plan at its annual seion next month.This is an important blueprint for China\'s development in the next 5 years.

我们要对中国经济结构进行战略性调整。我们将努力扩大内需，促进经济增长向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。我们将加强农业，提升制造业核心竞争力，发展战略性新兴产业，加快发展服务业，促进经济增长向依靠第

一、第

二、第三产业协同带动转变。我们将统筹城乡发展，促进区域良性互动、协调发展。

We will carry out strategic economic restructuring to expand domestic demand and promote balanced growth driven by consumption, investment and exports.We will strengthen agriculture, increase the competitivene of manufacturing, and give priority to emerging industries and the services sector.The aim is to seek a balanced and coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between east and west.

我们要积极推进科技进步和创新，加快建设创新型国家。正如邓小平先生曾经指出的，科技是第一生产力。中国今后的发展必须向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。

We will promote scientific and technological progre and innovation.We will speed up efforts to turn China into an innovation-driven country.As Mr Deng Xiaoping pointed out, \"There is no other productive force more important than science and technology\".Our future development must rely on scientific and technological progre, a higher quality labour force and innovative management.

我们要更好地保障和改善民生。发展经济，归根结底是为了人民的幸福。我们将完善保障和改善民生的制度安排，把促进就业放在优先位置，推进基本公共服务均等化，加大收入分配调节力度，使发展成果惠及全体人民。

We will continue to improve the lives of our people.Economic development is aimed at serving people\'s interests.We will improve social security, increase job creation, promote equal acce to public services and balance income distribution.This will ensure that the benefits of development will be shared by all.

我们要建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。中国人均GDP要向西方国家看齐，但人均能源消费绝不能赶超发达国家，因为我们生活的地球实在承受不起。我们不能走西方国家工业化的老路。我们要节约能源，降低温室气体排放强度，发展循环经济，推广低碳技术，积极应对气候变化，促进经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调，走可持续发展之路。

We will build an energy-efficient and environment-friendly society.We need to catch up with developed countries in terms of per capita GDP, but not per capita energy consumption, as this would be unsustainable for our planet.China cannot follow the traditional Western way of industrialisation.We must raise energy efficiency, reduce emiion intensity, develop a circular economy, extensively apply low-carbon technologies and actively addre climate change.We must promote sustainable development, achieving an appropriate balance between economic, social progre and population, resources and the environment.

第四个问题，中国发展了，对世界意味着什么？是福还是祸？是机遇还是威胁？我们不妨看三点：

The fourth and last question: What does China\'s development mean to the world, a bleing or catastrophe, opportunities or threats? This question can be answered in 3 aspects:

一是中国给世界和平带来威胁了吗？中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，庄严地向世界承诺永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张；主张不干涉别国内部事务和谈判解决国际争端；倡导互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观。中国是联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家，累计参与24项联合国维和行动，派出上万名维和人员；中国向索马里海域派出护航舰队，与多国舰队一道打击海盗，维护国际水域的安全；中国大力倡导朝核问题六方会谈，努力维护半岛和地区的和平稳定。无论从中国的外交思想，还是外交行动来看，中国都是世界和平的维护者、稳定的促进者。

Is China a threat to world peace? China follows an independent foreign policy of peace.We solemnly pledged to the world that hegemony or expansion is never an option for China; China stands for non-interference in others\' internal affairs and negotiated solutions to international disputes.China believes that security should be based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination.China is the largest contributor of peacekeepers amongst the UN Permanent 5, having sent 10 thousand peacekeepers on 24 UN miions.It has sent escort ships to the waters off the Somali coast and worked with the navies of other countries to combat piracy and improve safety in international waters.It has actively worked to facilitate the Six-Party Talks to uphold peace and the stability of the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia.China is in every way an upholder of peace and a facilitator of stability.

二是中国给世界经济带来威胁了吗？金融危机以来，中国为全球经济增长提供了重要支撑。2010年发达国家经济仍步履维艰，在全球有效需求不足的情况下，中国扮演着向全球输出总需求的重要角色。欧盟去年对华出口增长31.9%，英国则增长42%。去年中国经济继续保持两位数增长，对世界经济增长贡献率达到20%。今后10年，中国将继续奉行互利共赢的开放战略，市场对外开放程度将进一步提高，在国际贸易中的比重会不断上升，从国际市场的进口仍会迅速增加。这些对世界各国来说，只会是巨大的发展机遇。

Is China a threat to the world economy? China has been a crucial support for global growth since the start of the financial crisis.It drove global demand at a time when developed countries were in economic difficulties.This was reflected in the 31.9% increase of EU exports and the 42% increase of UK exports to China last year.China maintained a double-digit growth last year, and contributed 20% of global economic growth.China will continue to pursue a strategy of win-win opening-up over the next decade.Its market will open wider, its share in international trade will increase, and its imports will rise.These will no doubt create enormous opportunities for countries around the world.

三是中国对现行国际体系构成威胁了吗？中国作为一个负责任的大国，是国际体系的参与者、建设者和贡献者。我们与发达国家和新兴经济体就促进世界经济金融治理广泛开展合作，共同倡导加强G20机制；我们加强与发展中国家的传统友谊，帮助经济开发和实现减贫，过去两年里中国向其他发展中国家的贷款已经超过了世界银行；我们支持、倡导并践行多边主义，推动国际关系民主化，积极参与区域合作进程，努力促进国际体系更加有效地应对气候变化、能源和资源、粮食安全、恐怖主义等全球性挑战。

Is China a threat to the international system? China has been participating in and contributing to the current international system as a responsible major player.It has entered into extensive cooperation with its partners in developed and emerging economies on the reform of global economic and financial governance, and jointly advocated a greater role of the G20.It has strengthened traditional friendships with other developing countries and helped them develop their economies and reduce poverty.The loans it has provided to other developing countries in the past two years have surpaed those of the World Bank.It supports and practices multilateralism, and stands for greater democracy in international relations.This can be seen by its active participation in regional cooperation, along with the support it gives to tackling global challenges such as climate change, energy, resources, food security and terrorism.

总之，中国的发展对世界是福不是祸，是机遇不是威胁。世界对中国不应感到担忧，更不应感到恐惧。美国前总统弗兰克林·罗斯福说的好：“我们唯一恐惧的就是恐惧本身。”

China\'s development is a bleing, not a catastrophe to the world.It means opportunities, not threats.It is not to be worried about, still le feared.As Franklin Roosevelt put it, \"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself\".

老师们、同学们，

Faculty members and students,

800多年来，剑桥大学秉承“此地乃启蒙之所和智慧之源”（拉丁语：Hinc lucem et pocula sacra）的校训，努力探索世界，不断追求真理。半个多世纪前，李约瑟博士以其睿智打开了中国古代科技的历史宝库，重拾了伟大的中华文明。今天，当你们放眼中国，你们会发现中国正在走一条前人没有走过的道路，中国的实践可能超出了以往人们的知识积累。面对今天的中国这一丰富的宝藏，我衷心地期望剑桥大学的学子们遵循你们的校训，不断探索，大力挖掘，成为英国乃至世界范围内研究当代中国的领军者。

Over the past 8 centuries, the University of Cambridge has stayed true to its motto \"From here, light and sacred draughts\" (Hinc lucem et pocula sacra) in its tirele pursuit of the world\'s truth and knowledge.More than half a century ago, Dr Joseph Needham uncovered the treasures of China\'s ancient science and civilisation.Today when you look at China, you will realise that it is embarking on a journey no country has ever made.This goes beyond the knowledge of human beings and offers enormous opportunities.I therefore encourage you to follow Cambridge\'s motto to renew your efforts in tapping the rich resources China has to offer and lead the UK and the world in studying and understanding today\'s China.

原文链接：http://www.daodoc.com/

第19篇：剑桥大学生物医学科研管理探讨

剑桥大学生物医学科研管理探讨

陈琦

黎润红

基金项目：国家留学基金（CSC NO.201406015022）；国家社科基金项目“青蒿素研发中的管理模式与科研评价研究”（12BGL114）

作者单位：100191 北京，北京大学医学人文研究院通信作者：黎润红，Email:lirunhong@bjmu.edu.cn

【摘要】中国科学家因在特殊年代研发的青蒿素而获得诺贝尔奖，引发了对我国新时代生物医学科研管理策略的探讨。科学研究已进入大科学时代，对传统的科研管理模式提出了挑战。剑桥大学的生物医学成果显著，其科研管理体系较为完善，本文在介绍其科研管理经验的基础上，结合我国现状提出了相关建议。

【关键词】剑桥大学；生物医学；科研管理

Management of Biomedical Research at the University of Cambridge: Implications for China CHEN Qi, LI Runhong.Peking University Institute for Medical Humanities, Beijing 100191, P.R.China Corresponding author: Li Runhong, Email: lirunhong@bjmu.edu.cn 【Abstract】In China, the winning of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine by the Chinese scientist TU Youyou for artemisinin that was discovered during the 1970s triggered a discuion about developing a biomedical research management strategy in the new era.Traditional management has faced many challenges in the era of Big Science.The University of Cambridge has attained remarkable achievements in biomedical research and has an effective management system.By referencing observations from Cambridge, and considering the research climate in China, this article proposes strategies for advancing research management in Chinese universities.【Key Words】University of Cambridge; Biomedicine; Research Management

良好的科研管理要根据新时期的科研特点进行调整，促进优秀科研成果的涌现。国务院办公厅《关于优化学术环境的指导意见》指出，要“着力构建符合学术发展规律的科研管理”。[1]在科学史上，早期的自然科学研究主要是个人业余爱好，可凭借个人能力独立进行。19世纪始，科学研究呈现出职业化和结构化的特征。20 世纪以来，学科既高度分化又相互渗透，科研活动日趋全球化，进入了大科学时代。大科学是相对小科学而言，指科研难度大，即高度分化又高度综合的大规模科研活动[2]。虽然小科学研究仍将广泛存在，但大科学研究的趋势已很明显。现代生物医学研究也已突破学科界限，朝着整体化、综合化、多元化方向[3]发展。人类基因组计划的完成，标志着生物医学研究由“小科学时代”迈入“大科学时代”。

大科学时代对传统的科研管理模式提出了挑战。2015年，屠呦呦因青蒿素研究荣获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，青蒿素的研发是中国科学界集体大协作的结果，这其中离不开特殊年代科研管理体系的支持。在全球化时代，我们除了总结本土经验外，也要放眼世界寻求先进的管理策略。英国剑桥大学（简称剑桥）在生物医学科研领域取得了令人瞩目的成就，其管理经验值得学习。

1 剑桥大学的科研概况

剑桥曾经产生过一批极具影响力的科学家、思想家或医学家，如培根、牛顿、达尔文，以及提出了血液循环的哈维等等。20世纪以来，获诺贝尔奖（简称诺奖）数量成为衡量大学学术声誉的重要指标之一。截止到2016年，剑桥共产生过95位诺奖得主，其中生理学或医学奖26位，是造就诺奖得主最多的大学。[4]首位获得诺贝尔医学奖提名的华裔学者伍连德亦毕业于该校。在人类基因组计划中，中国承担了其中1%的测序工作，剑桥的桑格研究所（Sanger Institute）则承担了近1/3，为承担任务最多的单个机构。在大科学时代，剑桥仍能取得如此多的科学成就，除了拥有优秀人才和悠久的学术传统外，其科研管理策略也至关重要。

2 剑桥大学的生物医学科研管理

2.1 促进跨学科交流合作

一个相互合作的科学家群体可以扬长避短，造成智力的“叠加”或“重组”，产生相互促进成长的作用力，形成“科学家智力集团效应”。[5] 为了充分发挥协作优势，剑桥采取了多种措施以促进交流合作，使跨学科合作常态化。比如科研策略办公室创建了战略研究创意网络（Strategic Research Initiatives and Networks）。[6]其主要目的是整合剑桥现有研究力量，优化科技资源配置，应对大规模的多学科研究挑战；提高对国内国际研究、政策及经费配置的影响力；加强内部跨学科研究合作；为大型经费申请、招聘及国际研究合作提供平台。[7]与生物医学相关的包括跨学科跨地域的大数据研究、癌症合作研究、心血管疾病研究、传染病研究、神经科学研究等。[7]剑桥网络（Cambridge Network）有限公司，给学术及商业精英提供各种交流机会，既有轻松的早餐会，又有工作坊、讲座等，在思想碰撞的同时建立合作伙伴关系。[8]

剑桥极力创造自由交流的环境和氛围，在图书馆、学院系所、实验室、医院等工作学习场所都设有休息区。这些区域往往成为轻松的非正式会议场所，可以享用茶水点心，浏览各类信息，畅谈交流，很多研究思想就是这样激发出来的。

2.2 完善的科研服务支持系统

研究项目从申请到开展，是一个复杂的系统工程，很多环节会耗散科研人员有限的精力。剑桥设有专门部门和平台提供专业支持。比如研究运筹办公室（Research Operations Office）帮助了解项目及合同的程序和要求，从经费计算、项目申请流程、利益冲突到风险评估等方面提供咨询指导。[9]科研信息网络提供科研各阶段工具和资源，帮助寻找潜在的合作者、资助等。[10]科研一旦开展，就会产生大量数据。剑桥科研数据管理网络提供数据管理方面的支持，从数据创建到维护、分享，甚至细到文件夹命名，都有详细指导，同时搭建了数据、软件等信息分享平台。[11]其他部门诸如社会科学研究方法中心、图书馆、人事部门、项目发展部等也会提供专业帮助，开展科研培训、工作坊及面对面指导。全面细致的服务，节约了科研人员的时间和精力，提高了科研效率，还可帮助年轻学者快速入门，促进人才培养和梯队建设。

2.3 多渠道的科研经费来源

良好的科研条件是取得科学成果的重要前提，无论是人才培养、学科建设、平台搭建，还是实验设备，都需要科研经费的支持。因而，争取充足的科研经费已成为现代大学面临的重要任务。

剑桥的生物医学科研经费来自多渠道，既有政府部门资助，如医学研究理事会(Medical Research Council，MRC)，也有各类慈善机构、基金会、企业伙伴等，如惠康基金会(Wellcome Trust)。剑桥专门设置了科研策略办公室（Research Strategy Office），制定并执行战略方针，以帮助学校获得更多资助。[12]还建有科研基金数据库，提供关于各学科的国内外基金资助[13]信息。在全球化背景下，重大资助越来越关注大科学研究。剑桥科研政策委员会（Research Policy Committee）建立专项执行基金为项目提供前期支持，以助其在全球竞争中脱颖而出。[14]

2.4 独特的精英管理模式

有了充足的科研经费，还需有效发挥科研人员的智力优势。这方面，剑桥的分子生物学实验室（Laboratory of Molecular Biology，LMB）成绩卓越，堪称精英管理模式的经典。[15]

LMB脱胎于著名的物理研究机构卡文迪许实验室。1947年，该实验室获得医学研究理事会（MRC）的支持，成立了“分子生物学研究小组”。MRC支持扎扎实实做有长期深远或重大意义的研究，充分信任研究人员，把帮助他们完成研究作为首要职责。研究人员不受填写申请表、工作进度等烦琐文件的干扰，也不用担心论文发表，可将全部精力集中于研究。在开拓阶段，除了微弱的增进医学发展的希望外，小组几乎拿不出任何东西来证明工作的价值，但是MRC从不催促成果。1962年，MRC进一步资助建立了分子生物学实验室（LMB），英国女王亲往揭牌。同年，实验室有4人获诺奖，其中沃森（J.Watson）和克里克（F.Crick）因提出DNA双螺旋结构模型同获医学奖，佩鲁茨(M.Perutz)和肯德鲁（J.Kendrew）因确定血红蛋白和肌球蛋白的分子结构同获化学奖。这也奠定了LMB在科学领域的国际声望。

LMB创始人佩鲁茨认为实验室的成就要归功于MRC的开明政策。佩鲁茨、克里克、肯德鲁及两度获得诺贝尔化学奖的桑格（F.Sanger）组成了实验室管理委员会。委员会从不直接干预实验室工作，而是确保研究人员去完成研究，并努力吸引有天分的年轻人加入。委员会很少召开会议，仅当有重大决定时才召开。这一管理机制运行平稳，从而使委员们也有时间专心从事自己的研究。

[16][16]

截止到2015年，LMB共有14位研究人员获过诺奖，进修人员后来也有11位获诺奖，LMB也因此被称为“诺贝尔奖工厂”。[17]

2.5 良好的科研成果转化服务——“剑桥现象”

剑桥允许教员业余兼职研究，将科研成果向应用开发转移，实现产业化。依托大学的科研实力，剑桥及周边地区形成了欧洲最有影响力的高新技术产业集群，产生了产学研高度结合、科研成果高效转化的“剑桥现象”（the Cambridge Phenomenon）[18]。

为促进科研成果转化，剑桥建立了一套行之有效的体系，包括利益分配机制、创业教育、创业服务及与产业界互动机制等，降低了成果转化的“门槛”和风险。设立了推进科研成果转化的机构，如剑桥企业有限公司（Cambridge Enterprise Limited）在技术授权和科技创业方面提供服务。[19]知识转移促进网络（Knowledge Transfer Facilitators）促进与潜在企业伙伴的交流及沟通。[20]这些服务培育了剑桥良好的创新创业氛围，激励了科研人员对应用性研究的热情，从各院系衍生出了许多高技术公司。[21] 在教研领域，剑桥同产业界也保持着广泛联系，如联合授课、培养学生、咨询服务，学生实习兼职，设立产业资助的科研岗位等。[22]

在生物医学园区还有帮助进行转化医学研究的专门机构。如剑桥大学医学联盟下设转化研究办公室，帮助将生物医学研究成果转化为可实际应用的健康技术，如新疗法、仪器、诊断方法等。[23]剑桥大学医院国家医疗服务基金信托（Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust）负责审查涉及人体的生物医学研究，并给予全面的专业支持。[24]非营利组织东部医疗企业有限公司（Health Enterprise East Limited）提供知识产权服务，对于那些有益于改善健康或节省开支的创新，即使缺乏商业价值，也会被评估并推广。[25]

2.6 临床与科研

在英国，大部分临床医生无需进行科研工作。根据与科研的关系，医生可分为三类。第一类是提供基础医疗服务的全科医生，是医生的主体，无需做科研。第二类是国民保健服务（National Health Service，NHS）医院的医生，主要工作是临床但保持科研兴趣，也称研究活跃型医生（research-active doctors）。第三类是少数临床科研型医生（clinical research physicians），主要工作是科研。全英医学总会（General Medical Council，GMC）规定所有医生每5年都要接受医学评估进行再认证，不通过会丧失行医资格。[26][27]评估主要强调临床水平和与同事、患者之间的关系。对科研医生，GMC从法律法规、伦理等方面制定了规范，如有违背也将危及行医资格。[28]由于没有论文压力，加之科研造假惩罚严重，一定程度上阻止了低水平论文或论文造假现象的发生。

尽管从事科研的医生比例不大，但剑桥仍然在临床医学研究领域处于世界领先地位。在剑桥生物医学园区，已形成生物医学集群。剑桥医学研究所、阿登布鲁克临床研究中心、英国癌症研究所、剑桥大学医学联盟、生物制药公司全球研发中心、英国精准医疗弹射中心（Precision Medicine Catapult）网络项目总部等纷纷在园区建立。[29][30] [29]在物理空间拓展的同时，各机构间的合作也在延伸。英国定期会系统评估全国高校科研水平——科研卓越框架（Research Excellence Framework），从科研产出、影响力及学术环境等方面衡量大学的科研实力，并以此作为下拨经费的重要依据。评估结果分4个等级，最高等级（四星级）代表该研究达到了世界领先水平。在最近的2014年度评估中，剑桥的临床医学研究有58%达到四星级，高居首位。[31]这得益于临床医生、科学家、生物公司之间的广泛合作。

3 对我国生物医学科研管理的建议

相较于青蒿素的研发年代，我国的生物医学科研条件已大为改善，科研水平也在逐步提升，如能有更完善的科研管理体系，将有助于科研的更大发展。面对全球卫生和大科学时代的挑战，结合剑桥大学的管理经验和我国的实际情况，提出以下建议。

我国传统的科研管理体系往往很重视管理职能，却忽视了服务功能，而后者正是剑桥科研管理体系的核心特点。在大科学时代，生物医学科研是一个系统工程，要想深入挖掘科研人员的潜力，使其专心研究，离不开完善的支持体系。因此，在科研管理中应树立服务观念，为科研人员在研究各阶段提供全面专业的服务支持。在科研基金、学术工具、大数据管理方面，都需要搭建数据库平台，及时更新国内外信息，为研究提供方便。在成果转化方面，由技术转化办公室、转化医学研究中心等机构提供技术评估、法律顾问、商业运作等多方面的专业支持，充分实现技术价值。

我国综合性大学拥有教学院系、科研中心、医学院和附属医院，与剑桥大学类似。如能很好地整合这些研究力量，将能极大地促进生物医学研究。这一方面需要搭建科研合作平台，促进多领域的跨学科合作研究。另一方面，需要创造促进自由交流的环境，营造鼓励分享、创新的氛围。剑桥分子生物学实验室的精英管理模式比较特殊，研究人员得到充分信任，无需操心经费和论文，只管专心研究。这种模式不适用于短期考评，但是从长远来看可能取得引领世界的重大成果，可供有实力的研究机构借鉴。

临床与科研有相互促进作用，剑桥经验显示生物医学研究成果的取得并不在于从事科研的医生数量，关键是整合学科优势促进临床与科研的合作。我国医生职称评聘制度主要以课题、论文为导向，临床医生付出大量精力应付科研，虽然论文数量可观，但也催生了学术造假、论文代写等学术不端现象。卫计委、人社部在2015年11月出台了《关于进一步改革完善基层卫生专业技术人员职称评审工作的指导意见》，指出对基层医疗人员评审不再对论文、科研要求做硬性规定。[32]这打破了以往单一的以科研为导向的评价制度，是遵循医疗规律和基层医疗工作实际的举措。接下来，可以借鉴他国较成熟的做法，进一步将医生分为临床型和科研型，根据不同医疗机构的实际情况决定临床与科研的比重。除了基层医生外，临床型医生考核也以临床业务水平为主，对于科研型医生则需保证其科研条件和时间。同时，加强临床与科研人员之间的联系合作，促进转化医学的发展。[33]

在我国重视科学发展的良好环境下，完善生物医学科研管理策略，将有利于调动科研人员的积极性，促进生物医学科研在大科学时代的发展。

致谢

感谢剑桥医学院滕忠照及Elizabeth Fistein老师对本文的启发，感谢中科院科技政策与管理科学研究所樊春良研究员、北大医学人文研究院张大庆教授及口腔医学院科研处单艳华的指导。

参考文献

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[2] 孙华.论大科学时代的大学科研图景[J].高教探索, 2010(1):19-23.

[3] 周来新.转化医学科研组织模式构建的研究[D].第三军医大学, 2012:45.

[4] University of

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[33] 夏青, 郭超, 沈如群.科研管理促进转化医学的发展[J].中华医学科研管理杂志, 2011,24(1):2-4, 7.

第20篇：剑桥大学教育理念及启示

剑桥大学教育理念及启示

纵观剑桥大学800年的发展历史，可见其自身独特的教育理念在其成长为世界一流大学的进程中发挥了至关重要的作用。剑桥大学是一所传统的大学，但它能审时度势，根据社会政治经济发展的需要，在继承传统的同时，不断创新。与剑桥大学相比，我国现代大学是年轻的，不论是其传统还是创新，剑桥大学的发展对于我国大学教育都有着重要的启示意义。

大学教育应注重学生品德修养教育

剑桥大学坚持“造就绅士”的教育理念，强调对人的理性训练和人格的塑造，认为教育的唯一和最高目的是获取知识和发展智慧；倡导原创性研究，提倡厚积而薄发，反对急功近利的教育功利主义。

改革开放以来，市场经济的浪潮日益侵入我国高教界，在各种量化标准和经济利益压力的驱动下，我国大学教育出现了急功近利、不重道德教育的倾向。我国大学应当反思市场经济冲击下教育的价值与功能，将大学生当做人来培养，将大学生培养成为有教养的人。在关注学生专业发展、知识学习和市场适应能力的同时，大学更应该重视对学生进行品德修养教育，在课程设置、教学活动和生活指导中，更多地融入价值观教育、理想教育、信念教育、德行修养教育，使大学生成为社会的道德楷模，从而引领社会的文明进步。

当然，对大学生的道德教育应当建立在大学自身的道德建设上，如果大学自审缺乏道德，缺乏社会责任感，大学领导以做官的姿态对待办学，教师不以学术为上，没有潜心学问、献身真理的精神气质，那么，大学生的道德教育是不可能开展起来的，即便在形式上开展了，实际上也是不可能有好的效果的。大学应当成为社会的良心，大学的文化环境和氛围应当是高尚社会文化的典范，大学应当以优良的文化塑造大学生的精神世界，应当以优良的文化领导社会进步的方向。

坚持以学生为本

剑桥大学奉行“大学因培养学生而存在”，鼓励学生主动探求未知的领域，对学生关怀备至，给予学生足够的学习自由和学习空间，为学生成长营造优良的学习环境。

我国大学曾经以人才培养为其唯一职能，但改革开放以来，随着社会经济发展对大学的需求越来越多样化，很多大学迷失了自我，对大学的根本职能在意识上淡薄了，在行为上忽视了，在结果上轻视了，使人才培养工作说起来重要，实际上不重要，教学工作名义上是中心工作，实际上成为增加学费收入的手段。

由于传统文化和大学领导管理体制的影响，大学存在浓厚的官本位意识，大学并不因培养学生而存在，培养学生只是大学存在的手段而已。所以，尽管我国大学存在以学生为本的口号，但大多都只是停留在口头上，并没有在大学体制、规章制度、工作常规、教学活动中得到实际的体现。在教学上，不是引导学生主动学习和主动思考，而是一味地满堂灌，学生只是被动地接受灌输的知识，很少独立思考。如此，要培养出一流的学生，是完全不可能的。

我国大学应当牢固地树立以学生为本，大学因学生而存在的教育理念，重建大学文化，一切工作围绕学生的培养而展开，行政工作应当发挥服务职能，以学生服务工作的内容和质量作为评价标准；应当通过规章制度

将服务学生的工作常规化、日常化，使行政干部自觉在学生服务工作中实现自己的人生价值，使教师将教学作为自己第一位的工作，以培养学生理性思维能力和主动创新能力为目的，积极投身教学改革，建立以学生发展为本的教学工作体系。

培养服务社会经济发展的精英人才

剑桥大学前校长布罗厄斯曾指出：“剑桥在艺术和人文方面的成就绝不逊于科技方面的成就。”剑桥大学曾经是古典人文教育的中心之一，现代的剑桥大学在重视发展自然科学，实施科技教育的同时，也注重人文社会科学建设，进一步加强人文社会科学教育，其根本目的就是要培养服务社会经济发展的精英人才。剑桥大学人文和科技相结合的教育理念使其在人文教育和科技教育方面都取得了卓越的成就。

我国大学曾经实施高度专门化的专业教育，大学学科专业结构欠合理，课程和教学过分专业化，改革开放以来，虽然很多大学进行了学科专业结构调整，并对旧的专业教育模式进行了改革，但成效还不很明显，学科专业结构的综合化或多科化发展不协调现象严重，难以组织高水平的人文与科技并重的教育，所以，难以培养出精英人才。

我国大学，尤其是有志于建成世界一流的大学，应当进一步加强学科专业均衡发展，尤其应当对弱势学科专业、新建学科专业采取强力扶持措施，促使其学术水平迅速提高，加速综合化或多科化发展步伐。同时，大力推动教学模式改革，大胆实施文理工交叉融合的综合教育，培养基础宽厚、学养扎实、综合素质高、发展潜力大的精英人才。

继承传统坚持特色不断创新

剑桥大学既是一所古老的传统大学，又是一所现代化的大学。在继承其800年的历史传统的基础上，剑桥大学坚持其特色并不断创新，长期保持其世界领先地位而不动摇。剑桥大学副校长安妮·罗丝黛尔曾说过：“剑桥的传统没有拖我们的后腿，我们为剑桥的传统和特色感到自豪。”

剑桥大学是一所将古老与现代完美结合的典范大学，在人才培养工作的方面，它也实现了传统与现代的有机结合。与剑桥大学相比，我国大学发展的历史不长，但一所大学不论历史长短，都需要在传统、特色和创新之间取得平衡。我国大学应当主动研究自己，从自己的发展历程中清理出需要继承的传统，在办学中给予尊重，保持其应有的地位；从教育模式中分离出教育特色，在教育实践中继续发扬；从自身的经验教训和社会变革中看到面临的机遇和挑战，不断创新，增强适应社会变革的能力。只有这样，我国大学才能不断积累实力，提高办学水平，在竞争日益激烈的世界高等教育中脱颖而出，成为世界一流大学之翘楚。

《英国剑桥大学.doc》

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