人人范文网 其他范文

环境英文怎么读(精选多篇)

发布时间:2022-06-28 09:00:38 来源:其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

推荐第1篇:环境治理英文自荐信

Hello!!!!! First of all, sincerely thank you for taking time off from your busy taking time to see my cover material.

My name is XXX, is XX normal college graduates, major is environmental protection and pollution control, the main attack direction is water pollution control engineering.

I come from rural areas, tough conditions anneal I fought tenaciously, does not fear endures hardship the tenacity of individual character.I very ordinary, but I refuse to mediocrity.The future road full of opportunities and challenges, I am vehement lofty sentiments, full of fight prepared for.I firmly believe that: naturally my material will be useful, pay always returns!!!!!

The university period, pays special attention to the profeional course learning in at the same time, I am more attention is paid to the comprehensive quality improvement.During the period of school, I took of the Chinese revolution, public relations, leading science, writing course; Taught himself web pages and computer programming, the master to produce web skills, through the national computer level 2; And read the volume and * books on profeional.profeional, I do a solid to learn about water pollution control, * gas pollution treatment, solid waste treatment and related knowledge, and DuoCi won a scholarship.

practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.I deeply understand the importance of the practice, I served as a propaganda committee member, practice department director, deng research director, environmental protection aociation director position.During the summer vacation, I took an active part in school the depth of the organization of the community social practice, local residents by the consistent high praise.2000 year is evaluated the outstanding student cadres, 2001 year is evaluated the outstanding TuanGan and party activists.

I deeply understand: yesterday\'s result is history, in this competitive today, only their feet on the ground, unremitting efforts to get the brilliant tomorrow; Only by constantly cultivate ability, improve quality, mining inner potential, never-failed position.

In line with the test ourselves, exercise self, self-expreion purposes, I\'m coming.Maybe I\'m not perfect, but I am very confident: give me a chance, I will do my most * efforts to your satisfaction.I will with their own youth and wisdom to dedicated to the expensive unit without regret.\"Dare to innovation, to open up\" is my persistent pursuit.\"God\" is my faith in life.

Based on my major and intention, the direction of my application for: environmental protection kind of work or computer kind of work and related direction.

Finally, wish your career to a unit of floor!!!!! All the employees health progre!

this

salute

推荐第2篇:环境英文词汇翻译

IPCC:the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 政府间气候变化小组: three Working Groups reports: 三个工作小组报告 Synthesis report 综合报告 Glaciers 冰川

Precipitation 降雨

Abnormal weather tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean regions 热带、亚热带和地中海地区 cyclones 气旋,龙卷风

meteorological terms 气象词汇 submergence 淹没

coral reefs 珊瑚礁, tundra 永冻土,boreal forest 北部森林 inertia 惯性

mitigation 减缓

the Arctic region 北极地区 the Antarctic region 南极地区 ice cap 冰帽 ice sheet 冰原

ma-balance of glacier 冰川的物料平衡/量 ripple effect 波纹效应 chain effect 连锁反应 low-carbon economy 低碳经济 aement 评估

vulnerable areas concentration, carbon dioxide 二氧化碳浓度 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent 二氧化碳当量 North Hemisphere 北半球

water scarcity, food security, epidemic 缺水、缺食、流行病 scenario 情况,情景

social check & balance 社会制约与平衡

legislation , jurisdiction and executive 立法、司法和行政 mega-delta 大三角地区,巨型三角洲地区 adapt to, adaptation frequency and severity 频率和严重性 polar areas 北极地区

on the verge of extinction 灭绝 Immune: 免疫

Reduction of emiions 减排 Interim target 中期目标 Renewable energy: 可再生能源 Geothermal:地热能

Ratify 批准

KP Kyoto Protocol 京都议定书

Carbon emiions and Efficiency benchmark:碳排放能效对标 Deforestation:滥砍滥伐

Clean coal technology 清洁煤炭技术 National capacity 国力

Rigorous 严格的

Common but differentiated responsibility:共同但有差别的责任 Coal-fired Power Plants ( station) 火力发电厂 Bring that „.to fruition 取得成效 Inaction:不作为

Mandatory cap: 强制性的 Forest cover 森林覆盖率

Interconnected Carbon market Deploy low-emiion technology 利用低排放技术 Verifiable 可认证的 Ministerial-level 部长级 The Sign is clear 这一点很清楚 media friends 媒体的朋友: gloy paper 铜版纸 call upon 号召

water conservation benefits节水的好处

industrial water reuse and recycling工业中水利用 pollution fines 污染罚款

urban water conservation城市节水 water saving fixtures节水装置

regional economy 地区经济

diversification in port operation 港口经营多元化

perform our duties and fulfill our obligations 责任和义务 a well-known regional event of the industry 地区行业盛会 initiating ports 发起港 forest coverage森林覆盖率 global warming全球变暖 principal element主要因素 toxic emiion 废气排放

ignite the sparks of understanding 迸发出心灵的火花 建立合作桥梁build the bridge for cooperation 内容翔实substantial in content 能源大省major province of energy 日程紧凑tight in schedule 严重缺水城市a city of severe water shortage 有关单位units concerned 与„比有差距compared with ,there is still some way to go 预祝„圆满成功wish a complete succe 开源与节流并重broaden sources of income &reduce expenditure 对外贸易港口seaport for foreign trade 国内生产总值National Gro Products 欢聚一堂merrily gather 活跃的经济带vigorous economic region 基础雄厚solid foundation 留下最美好的印象may you have a most pleasant impreion 盛世the grand occasion 祝愿在停留愉快wish a pleasant stay 综合性商港comprehensive commercial seaport 春意盎然spring is very much in the air 把„列为重要内容place as the priority 不放松工作never neglect the work 节约用水 water conservation 对„表示衷心祝贺extend our sincere congratulations on 节约用水先进城市model city of water conservation 使„取得预期效果attain the results expected 授予„光荣称号 confer honorable awards on 为„而奋斗strive for 从大局出发proceed from the whole situation 财政政策financial policy 共同繁荣common prosperity 贸易投资自由化trade and investment liberalization 日新月异progre with each paing day 知识经济knowledge economy

环保:Environmental protection 1.保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and theecological environment 2.保护珍贵动植物 protect rare animals and plants 3.普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge 4.增强环境意识 enhance the awarene of the importance of (raise the consciousne about) environmental protection 5.改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment 6.加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction 7.防治污染 prevent and control pollution 8.加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil 9.加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city 10.提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level 11.享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-cla protection of the State 12.加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection 13.保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance 14.创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment 15.采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique 16.开展保护野生动物 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 17.开展绿色活动 advocate green activities 18.为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 19.为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings 20.非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest 21.产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects 22.引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems 23.帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 24.保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland  25.提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awarene 26.进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans 27.完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 28.促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city 29.符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games 30.扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network 31.淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 32.禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open 33.发展太阳能 develop solar energy 34.提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources 35.减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles 36.使用清洁能源 burn clean fuel 37.实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emiion standards 38.关闭化工厂 close chemical plants 39.减少浪费 reduce waste 40.加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control 41.治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 42.加强珍稀野生动植物的保护工作 protect rare wild animals and plants 43.崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life 44.使用再生纸 use recycle paper 45.参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities 46.坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area’ 47.参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city 48.注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources 49.采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods 50.削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants

biodegradable packaging 可降解包装

throwaway 可丢弃的

disposable 可丢弃的

discourage v.不鼓励

燃料的环保英语词汇:

non-renewable 不可再生的

foil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum

limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源

alternative energy替代能源

replace=substitute v.取代

(wind power, hydropower水电 solar (lunar) power太阳能 nuclear power核能

radioactivity n.辐射性

use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光,耗尽

conserve v.节省,节约

consume le v.少消耗

危害动物的环保英语词汇:

poaching非法打猎,盗猎

damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地

rare breed稀有物种

endangered species濒危物种

extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear动词)

animal rights activist动物权益保护者

natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区

protect wild life保护野生动物

disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏

have disastrous effect on„对„„有灾难性的影响

危害植物的环保英语词汇:

vegetation植被

deforestation森林消失

landslide山体滑坡

危害环境的环保英语词汇:

carbon dioxide二氧化碳

acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)

greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)

global warming全球变暖

ecological system=ecosystem生态系统

green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v.过滤)

arouse people's awarene/consciousne of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识

全球环保类热门话题英语词汇:

21世纪议程:Agenda 21 世界环境日(6月5日):World Environment Day (June 5th each year) 世界环境日主题:World Environment Day Themes 冰川消融,后果堪忧!(2007年)Melting Ice–a Hot Topic! 莫使旱地变荒漠!(2006年)Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands! 营造绿色城市,呵护地球家园!(2005年)Green Cities – Plan for the Planet! 海洋存亡,匹夫有责!(2004年)Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive! 水——二十亿人生命之所系!(2003年)WaterTime to Act! 拯救地球就是拯救未来!(1999年)Our EarthJust Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!(1998年) For Life on EarthDevelopment Without Destruction 为了儿童和未来--没有破坏的发展

1980 A New Challenge for the New Decade: Development Without Destruction 新的十年,新的挑战--没有破坏的发展

1981 Ground Water; Toxic Chemicals in Human Food Chains and Environmental Economics 保护地下水和人类的食物链,防治有毒化学品污染

1982 Ten Years After Stockholm (Renewal of Environmental Concerns) 斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议十周年--提高环境意识

1983 Managing and Disposing Hazardous Waste: Acid Rain and Energy 管理和处置有害废弃物,防治酸雨破坏和提高能源利用率 1984 Desertification 沙漠化

1985 Youth: Population and the Environment青年、人口、环境 1986 A Tree for Peace 环境与和平

1987 Environment and Shelter: More Than A Roof 环境与居住 1988 When People Put the Environment First, Development Will Last 保护环境、持续发展、公众参与

1989 Global Warming; Global Warning警惕全球变暖 1990 Children and the Environment儿童与环境

1991 Climate Change.Need for Global Partnership气候变化--需要全球合作 1992 Only One Earth, Care and Share只有一个地球--一齐关心,共同分享 1993 Poverty and the EnvironmentSave Our Seas 为了地球上的生命--拯救我们的海洋 1999 Our EarthJust Save It! 拯救地球就是拯救未来 2000 2000 The Environment Millennium行动起来吧!

2001 Connect with the World Wide Web of life世间万物 生命之网 2002 Give Earth a Chance 让地球充满生机

2003 WaterDead or Alive? 海洋存亡 匹夫有责 2005 Green Cities - Plan for the Planet! 营造绿色城市,呵护地球家园

中国主题:人人参与 创建绿色家园

联合国环境与发展大会(环发大会) United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 环发大会首脑会议 Summit Seion of UNCED 联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP) 国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日 World Water Day (22 March) 世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March) 世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June ) 人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO) 中国21世纪议程 China's Agenda 21 中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification 气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) 坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 污染者负担的政策 "the-polluters-pay" policy 强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region 国家级生态示范区(珠海) Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics) 可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物 organic pollutants 三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes(waste water, waste gas, solid waste)

城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator 防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 deforestation rate 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization 生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 造林工程 afforestation project 绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks 防沙林 sand breaks 速生林 fast-growing trees 降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve 野生动植物 wild fauna and flora 保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats 濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife 珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 环境恶化 environmental degradation 温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture 空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharge 烟尘排放 soot emiions 矿物燃料(煤、石油、天然气) foil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾气净化器 exhaust purifier 无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles 电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars 小排量汽车 small-displacement (engine) vehicles 温室效应 greenhouse effect 工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant

推荐第3篇:旅游环境英文求职信

Hello!

As the saying goes, downwards, everyone wants to own a larger platform for greater progre.Thank you for taking the time in his busy schedule to read this cover letter.perhaps you are facing a number of job seekers, perhaps you just rest in between a busy meeting, quiet in a noisy phone after switching on its cover, but I can feel the significance of this moment.For me, when you turn the page when you have opened the gateway to opportunity for me and the succe of the first gate.You will be opened a new chapter in my life, because your love and care, my life will now appear in a memorable turning point.

My name is ***, I Shaanxi XXX University School of Tourism and Environment 2010 seion of the project cost profeional graduates.21 years old this year, I cheerful, willing to accept new things, hobbies, dare to meet the challenge, is a person who is not throwing in the towel.In college who have participated in the school and the department organized sports activities, and awards.University studies so that I establish the correct outlook on life, values, and the formation of a warm, motivated, and indomitable character and honest, trustworthy, responsible, loving creed.College life, I have a unique way of thinking, not only learned the textbook knowledge, but also a social practice opportunity, not only on the knowledge of the consolidation and strengthening, but also improve their ability.

I just want to choose your leaders give me a display platform.With very sincere feeling of persistent hope to attend your organization\'s recruitment, I hope I can surprise you coming, gives me hope.I hope you give me the opportunity to hone their own.An ancient saying goes: Ten years of sword, ten years of school life as a grinding proce of the sword.Today finally it presents in front of you, please identify it\'s sharp, I believe it will not make you disappointed.Self determined, day three provinces, self-confidence has improved character; brave job, pragmatic innovation, self-confidence had been succeful.So, today I take the liberty of you volunteered, hoping to get a chance to test their own, also hope to contribute to the development of your company\'s modest.

At the same time, I also know that now I am just the start of school, your school is my real platform.Today\'s job, is also hoping to get a better learning environment, which can result in better jobs to repay your kindne.

Of course, as a fresh college students, the biggest weakne than lack of experience.But I will start everything from practice, I believe from childhood\'s sense of spirit will help me as soon as poible into work, work with an open mind to ask older employees to learn and correct their shortcomings, to make up for their lack of best ability to contribute to your company\'s modest.

Finally, Zhu Guigong Secretary of the flourishing! Wish you good health and smooth work, and wish things through and your company and prosperity!

推荐第4篇:英文环境倡导书

1 “Be kind to the river.Be good to the trees.Smile at the sunshine, and bow to the breeze.Be friendly to nature, and nature will be friendly to you!”

2 Safety is in our hands .We must take park in more environmental protection activities, Plant more trees and flowers to make us live in a beautiful home with the blue sky ,blue water and green land forever.

Safety is in our hands .Please try your best to tell people around you to deal with the rubbish , and to make a contribution to building our safe hometome .

Finally would you please let me end this speech with a little poem, “Be kind to the river.Be good to the trees.Smile at the sunshine, and bow to the breeze.Be friendly to nature, and nature will be friendly to you!”

Everybody Can Help The Environment

We all know Tagore.This famous Indian poet once said, “Life is given to us, and we earn it by giving it.” As the saying goes, nature is given to us, and we earn it by contributing to it.However, most people nowadays just want to ask for more from the nature.In fact, they do very little contribution to the nature.Therefore, the environment around us is becoming worse and worse.

Do you often use batteries? Then do you know it takes 50 times more energy to make them than they produce? And just one simple battery can pollute as much water as a person can drink in his whole life.The facts and figures are amazing.So would you please try to use batteries only when it is neceary? If poible, give the used ones to the recycling companies so that they will be made into new ones and won’t be able to pollute the environment any more.Sometimes we become complacent when it comes to recycling, but when you speak in terms of actual facts and figures that everybody can understand, people become much clearer about the problem.

We, as school students, can also join in recycling activities to protect the environment.For example, our cla set up a recycling center beside the back door, it is very useful.It is used to collect the waste paper and plastic bottles.In the past, our clamates used to throw all of these into the trashcan.At the very beginning of this collecting activity, it was not so warm-welcomed.Later, more and more people were influenced by the others and joined this collecting activity.Gradually, all the students in our cla form a good habit to protect the environment.All of us will now put away the reusable things instead of throwing them into the trashcan.

We should always remember in our mind that protecting the environment is our duty that we can never neglect.Finally would you please let me end this speech with a little poem, “Be kind to the river.Be good to the trees.Smile at the sunshine, and bow to the breeze.Be friendly to nature, and nature will be friendly to you!”

In modern society, we tend to become more and more aware of our living environment or physical environment, because we is not clean as before.So many people now choose their house as to its environment but not its location and expenses to afford it.

As we all know, the environment pollution is more and more serious during these years, what we could do is to make great efforts in protecting environment gradually.

As to government pollution, as to common people.We also try to protect it and make it remain clean.

Although we have managed to protect the environment to a certain extent.It is still a very long way to go.

中文大意:)

在现代社会,我们越来越趋向于关注,我们的生活环境和自然环境,因为我们已认识到我们周围的环境已不像以前那么干净了,现在许多人买房看的是它的环境而不是它的位置地点及负担费用。

众所周知,这些年环境污染越来越严重,我们所能做的是尽全力保护环境,作为政府,已分布了一些法律禁止环境污染,而作为普通的人们,则是尽力保护它,让它保持清洁。

推荐第5篇:如何读英文文章

如何读英文文章

1.先找5篇跟自己论文最相关的外文文章,花一个月的时间认认真真的看,反复看,要求全部读懂,不懂的地方可以和同学和老师交流一下。一个月以后你已经上路了。

2.如何读标题:不要忽视一篇论文的标题,看完标题以后想想要是让你写你怎么用一句话来表达这个标题,根据标题推测一下作者论文可能是什么内容。有时候一句比较长的标题让你写,你可能还不会表达。下次你写的时候就可以借鉴了

3.如何读摘要:快速浏览一遍,这里主要介绍这篇文章做了些什么。也许初看起来不好理解,看不懂,这时候不要气馁,不管它往下看,等你看完这篇文章的时候也许你都明白了。因为摘要写的很简洁,省略了很多前提和条件,在你第一眼看到摘要而不明白作者意图的时候看不懂是正常的。

4.如何读引言(前言):当你了解了你的研究领域的一些情况,看引言应该是一件很容易的事情了,都是介绍性的东西,写的应该都差不多,所以看文献多了以后看这部分的内容就很快了,一扫而过。有些老外写得很经典得句子要记下了,下次你写就可以用了。

5.如何读材料及试验:当你文献看多了以后,这部分内容也很简单了,无非就是介绍试验方法,自己怎么做试验的。很快就能把它看完了吧

6.如何看试验结果:看结果这部分一定要结合结果中的图和表看,这样看的快。主要看懂试验的结果,体会作者的表达方法(例如作者用不同的句子结构描述一些数字的结果)。有时看完以后再想想:就这么一点结果,别人居然可以大篇幅的写这么多,要是我可能半页就说完了?

7.如何看分析与讨论:这是一篇文章的重点,也是最花时间的。我一般把前面部分看完以后不急于看分析讨论。我会想要是我做出来这些结果我会怎么来写这部分分析与讨论呢?然后慢慢看作者的分析与讨论,仔细体会作者观点,为我所用。当然有时候别人的观点比较新,分析比较深刻,偶尔看不懂也是情理之中。当你看的多了,你肯定会看的越来越懂,自己的idea越来越多

8.如何看结论:这个时候看结论就一目了然了,作后再反过去看看摘要,其实差不多

9.把下载的论文打印出来,根据与自己课题的相关性分三类,一类要精读,二类要泛读,三类要选择性的读。分别装订在一起

10.看完的文献千万不要丢在一边不管,3-4个月一定要温习一遍,可以根据需要,对比自己的试验结果来看

11.学会记笔记,重要的结论,经典的句子,精巧的试验方案一定要记下来,供参考和学习

12.有些试验方法相同,结论不同的文献,可以批判性的阅读。我想要是你自己做试验多的话,你应该有这个能力判断谁的更对一点。出现试验方法相同,结论不同的原因有下:试验方法描述不详细,可能方法有差别;试验条件不一样;某些作者夸大结果,瞎编数据

13.有时间还是多看点文献吧,最好定个目标:在学术上超过自己的老板。因为老板一般不看文献,他们都是凭经验做事,很多新东西他们都不知道,慢慢的你老板会觉得你很厉害。

推荐第6篇:怎样读英文原著

首先:为什么要读名著

[1] 名著是文学的经典:能够成为名著的作品首先得经过时间的检验,其深刻的内涵能够引起各代读者的共鸣,因此而成为名著。从这个角度看,琼瑶的作品不是名著,木子美的作品也不是名著。也就是,名著虽然看起来记述的是过去了的某个时代的事,但它所要表达的思想则不受时代的限制,对现代人同样具有深刻的指导意义。

[2] 名著是文化的结晶:我们谈人生,多半会源引孔子、老子、庄子等名著中的名言,因为中华的千古文化的根就扎在这些名著里;同样,英语名著自然是欧美国家的文化结晶,我们透过英语名著能够对欧美文化有更深的体会与理解,英语名著读得越多,对现代欧美人的为人处事观念认识得也就越深刻,在他们旁引博证时我们也就能泰然处之。

[3] 名著是历史的写照:名著得到各时代人的推崇,自然说明各时代的人都能读得懂。那么我们为什么读不懂呢?因为名著所记录的现实对我们而言多半已是很遥远的事了。我们不是作品问世时代的读者,因时空的限制而难于理解原作者想传达的内容及思想,而外语名著又加了一层词汇的限制,就更易让人望而却步了。但这并不是说名著根本就无法读得懂,只不过需要采用一些正确的阅读方法而已。

鲁迅式“硬读”

阅读原文原著的时候,第一遍,遇见生词先不管它,跳过去,先读后面的内容,将整本书读完后,再回过头读第二遍,这样,第一次遇到的不少生词就会明白,就这样,一遍一遍,直到全部读董(懂)为止。

这即所谓“硬读”,就是强调百分之百的阅读英文原版作品,遇到生词先跳过去,回过头再读,或者查字典,一个一个解决。实际上,只要你掌握了2000、3000个以上的英语单词,并初步掌握了基本英语语法,就可以阅读很多英文原版书。在阅读英文原版书时,如果一开始,你感到极其困难,一定要硬着头皮读下去。当然,你还是要尽量选择比较适合你的原版书,不要选择难词过多、不熟悉的、专业性强的原版书。碰到某些生词无法确切理解,你也不必精确理解,略过它们,继续读下去;碰到复杂的句子、难的句子也不必钻牛角尖,继续读下去。通读一遍后回过头继续读第二遍、第三遍„„例如,一本300多页的英文原版书,你每天读两到三个小时,可能开始的

三、五天内,只能读十多页,但只要硬头皮读下去,你的速度会越来越快。最终,你就可以在一个月内读完这本书,当然,可以从头开始再读。读完这本书后,你可以接着读第二本„„,读了

三、五本后,你英语的阅读速度就会提高了,“语感”就会增强了。以后,你可以一本一本地这样读下去。

正式开始阅读英语原著时应做的

第一件事情是进行整体阅读,即不看正文,而是看看全书的封面封底,书名与作者,然后是目录,作者序等等。

第二件事情则是解决时代隔阂问题,即找到作者的背景资料(最好是汉语的)及本书的创作背景、内容介绍、写作风格、故事主题等等。这两件事情是进行原著阅读必须做到的先期工作。

完成了这些先期工作,你便可以开始你的原文阅读了。

在整个阅读过程中,要随时临控自己的阅读进程,不能随心所欲;一方面要合理安排阅读时间及阅读量,另一方面要时时作阅读记录,反思自己在阅读中碰到的问题及汲取的经验。

别以为把一部小说重复看十次,英语就能进步,你要懂得方法,重点学习,学什么呢?学作者的遣词用字,想想他们为什么这么说,看看他们如何将语言灵活运用于情境之中,如果可以的话,最好还要学学他们展现在语言上的幽默和思维逻辑,这一点最为困难,即使是苦读英语十年的人也不一定学得来。照这么说来,利用小说学英语其实工程浩大,无法一蹴而就,这种自我学习是重质不重量,只要功夫下的扎实,就算你每次只花十五分钟或半小时来读一小片段,一年只读一两本小说也绰绰有余了。

挑选作品

1.浪漫喜剧小说

这类小说一般是写给青年人看的,语言通俗浅显,风格轻松活泼,题材软性轻松,每每受到读者喜爱;这类讨论男女关系、家庭生活的小说,时空背景又多设定于现代,书中人物的生活不至于与现实脱节太大,观众很容易就能产生共鸣。此外,有些对白场景与日常生活情境相关,值得学习者留意,比方说上餐馆点菜或与人辩论等等;甚至,透过故事还能了解英美等国的风土文化,比如说婚礼或节庆的习俗。

2.其他主题

除了上述类型的小说之外,一般故事的主题包罗万象,小自人生哲理,大至国家要事,同样可以拿来当作学习的教材,进一步训练批判性思考或口语简报讨论的能力。不过,其情节通常要比浪漫喜剧来的多,而且情节较为复杂,探讨的主题若是扯上国家社会问题,也会显得较为严肃,学习者可要有点耐性。由于各个作家的写作风格不同,文笔也不一,文字难度上会有很大的差异;即使是同一作家,不同作品也会风格迥异。因此,初学者在挑选上要特别谨慎,否则会挫伤积极性。一般来说,可以选一些已有中译本的小说,这并不是要鼓励大家完全依赖中文,而是有实在搞不懂的地方,可以参考一下译文。其次,小说中涉及的主题不应过于专业或文化底蕴不要太丰富,像迈克尔·克莱顿的作品由于涉及很多高科技,很多魔幻小说引用神话故事,这些并不适合初学者。第三,根据我个人的读书经验来看,小说每页的生词不宜超过3-5%(涉及的地名、人名、产品名等一般不影响阅读,故不算在内),否则就PASS。

3.阅读适合自己水平的作品

根据上面的阐述,古典作品难读现代作品易读这样的思想观念是不正确的。无论古典还是现代,言情还是神话,阅读的驱动力主要还是兴趣和成就感。前者依赖于个人的口味,而后者则与小说的正确选择有很大的关系。因为要保证良好的阅读效果,不同级别的英语学习者就需要阅读与自己水平相适应的文学作品。太难和太易都不能激发学习的动感。那么应该如何判断自己的水平和小说的水平是否一致呢?最简单的方法就是在不翻阅字典的情况下尝试阅读第一章,然后对照中译本检查自己理解的程度,70%-80%以上既可以说水平合适。如果没有中译本,也可以把看开头几段,把生词查完后对照查之前的理解程度来判断。有人也提出了以生词量的多少作为选择的标准,3%-5%的生词量是一般要求。然而有的作品即使有大量的词汇不认识也不会影响阅读(这类词汇主要包括专业领域的名词和部分形容词,还有少部分可以猜测意思的动词和动词短语),另外一些作品则正好相反。所以还是主张以理解程度来判断。平时阅读时只有多多尝试不要轻易放弃,就不会错过一些表面上很难但实际上能读懂的小说。我个人读过的较容易的作品是西德尼·谢尔顿 (Sydney Sheldon)的《天幕降临》(The Sky Is Falling),Dave Berry的Big Trouble,John Grisham的The Brethren。

读原著时的常用装备:

1.笔记本(是笔记的本子,也可以是电脑啦)或者小卡片N张,主要用来记录生词、词组、好句子,总结归纳同义表达、近反义词,记录难点。

2.英汉双解词典一部,要勤翻词典。

3.弄点吃的或喝的吧!(别光顾着吃喝了)

阅读时的心态也很重要,除了不要急功近利以外,还有一些要注意的:

刚开始阅读的阶段也是最容易放弃的阶段,因为从新闻英语考试英语转换到阅读小说所改变的不仅仅是阅读的形式,而且是整个英语体系的改变??小说的整个潜词造句都与平时新闻考试里遇到的文章有很大的差别。所以这样的心理准备一定要做好:刚开始不会很容易的。尤其是前两个月的阅读,主要目的是用来调整个语言体系和记忆新的词汇短语。绝大多数英语小说的阅读者都会遇到这个阶段,克服的方法也只有一个就是持续不断的阅读和记忆。只有在掌握了基本的小说词汇之后,欣赏才有可能。

阅读技巧和方法

如何避免复杂的句子和生词影响到阅读的进程?

1.首先养成良好的阅读习惯。

2.学会猜测词语的含义。

a 大写的词语一般是专属的名词,可以表示特定的机构和人物,也可以表示现实地区名、河流、山脉某一类特殊的群体以及作者文章中虚构出来的地方和人物。

b 有些动词可以根据主语和宾语猜测出来。还有一些名词,如各种不同的生物,和医学物理学器具,是不需要知道中文的意思的,比如:bonito的意思是鲣,鱼类的一种,但是鲣到底是什么就是中文里也不知道;还有希腊的许多小神祗的名称,也是一样。只要能根据上下文的意思确定不认识的名词属于某个专业的范围,就连字典都不用查。读得多了见得多了自然而然就记住了。就像汉语里的专业词汇一样,有许多我们也看不懂;只是熟悉了就不在乎了。

c 形容词和动词词组。个人感觉这两个是英文小说阅读里最难的。除了多读多查多记,没有其他方法。

3.阅读速度。

如果刚开始阅读第一本小说,速度一定不快。但是应该强迫自己把速度提高上去。因为据心理学研究表明,高速度阅读不但有利于提高阅读的理解能力,还能在一定程度上改善阅读疲乏的症状;可以保证更长时间的持续阅读。那么如何提高阅读速度?第一是不要一遇到生词就查词典,第二适当掠过不影响剧情的生词,第三,参考专门的速读教程。

阅读时该留意哪些字词句呢?

1.留意小词的灵活用法

英语中象come,go等一类的小词用法特别灵活,一个词能表达好多意思。我们平时搜肠刮肚想了半天才找到个词表达的意思,一个小词往往就可以解决。 比如,要表达“他在我们公司说了算”,我们可以轻松地说 ‘In our company, what he says goes’。类似的例子还有The deal is off, I\'m right on it, It\'s been two hours into the movie.2.留意已学过的词的新用法

不要以为你学过某个单词就没事啦。阅读小说时,你会经常发现明明是已学过的单词,可意思怎么也对不上号。比如He was lifted high up in the air, legs whisking desperately as if they were trying to gain a purchase.这里的purchase 似乎怎么也跟购买扯不上关系,但从小学到大学,似乎也没哪位老师提过purchase还有别的意思。其实,这里是指A position, as of a lever or one\'s feet, affording means to move or secure a weight.支撑的位置:如杠杆上的位置或某人的双脚等用于移动或支撑重量的位置。

3.词组和习语见一个记一个

4.留意好句子

从学英语的角度说,好句子大致可分几种情况:

a.生活化口语(I heard a lot about you 久仰大名)

b.评论性话语(可以拿来套用在你的议论文写作上,比如Michael Crichton的侏罗纪公园的

引子里有大量评论现代科技发展的文字,非常值得借鉴)

c.一些中文耳熟能详的句子但地道英文不知咋说 (数量有限,欲购从速 limited availability, order soon)

d.一些中文耳熟能详的句子、地道英文也知道咋说,可小说中又有别的或补充表达(魔戒中表达良药苦口,忠言逆耳是并未用我们熟知的good medicine tastes bitter,good advice is harsh to the ear,而是用了Faithful heart may have forward tongue)。e.感动你的文(比如竞选演说)

5.留意文中的描写片段

我们中国学生最不会写的当是用英语描写人物、场景。学会一些常见的场景描述对写作绝对有好处。例如,在自传体小说Sounds of the River里,作者在登上火车进入车厢时,对车厢内那种气味,人群混杂作了一段精彩的描述。这种场景相信大家挤火车时都见过,但用英文恐怕还不是那么好说的。再比如,雨水拍打在窗户上,然后蜿蜒流下的场景大家都知道吧,但英文该怎么讲呢?我在一篇小说里就看到过这段文字 A light rain pattered tiny wet fingers on the windows and water beaded and ran down in meandering rivulets.

注意总结归纳

阅读不是被动吸收的过程,而是主动参与。不论你在阅读中学到什么,都不要学一个记一个,学两个,记一双。要善于对所学东西进行归类,发现规律,这样会大大提高学习效率。就单词而言,因为词汇在人脑中是以激活扩散的方式提取的,就象往河里扔石子,会产生涟漪一样,遇见一个单词,你往往还会激活其他相关的单词。我们要善于把学到的生词建立成网络状,要由一个词联想到其他词。这种联想可以是近反义词,也可以是某个特定的场合下的其他单词(比如你最喜爱的电影片段)。比如alien一词,你可以一下子联想到著名的电影《异形》,同时表达外星人的还有E.T.(extraterrestrial), 既然alien指异于其他,自然还可以指外国的,不同的,象医学上的“异物”可以说alien object。再例如围绕打电话我们可以总结一些常用语,有初高中就教的Can I take a meage? I will put you through on the office line.还有课本内没有的 Could you please put Mr.Smith on? (你能叫Smith先生听电话吗?)

如何读。过程。

1.一部著作的开头往往需要pay much more attention。因为一个作者的人物、故事交待、写作风格、用词习惯等一般都在前1/5-1/3分部体现,通常一开始看一部书时会觉得比较难。如果你能集中注意力,认真地反复看几遍,用心记一些单词(它们往往会在后面重复出现,前面记住了,后面就容易了),搞清人物特征、相互关系,则看后面部分就渐渐容易了,速度也会加快了。所以,一开始一定要耐心细致地慢慢查单词看起来,不要一觉得难就放弃。要相信:后面就容易了,会快起来的!(但有些著作以倒叙的形式开始,如果你觉得有

些摸不着头脑,可以跳过前面倒叙部分,直接从顺叙处开始看。最后再来看前面的倒叙部分。)

2.在阅读时,要尽量根据上、下文去猜测词意、句意;根据场景、人物性格、心理活动、当时的话题等猜测词意、句意,而不一定每个单词必查、必记。有些单词在几次反复遇到时,自己对它的意思已经有个猜测了,再查词义,这时,往往一下子就能记住它的词意或多重意思。

3.记英文单词就像交朋友,“一回生,两回熟,三回成为好朋友!”对一个词的词性、词意、用法,往往要经过多次反复的“见面”、“使用”(在写作、表达过程中),才会成为自己掌握的词,能灵活应用,用得恰到好处,用得巧妙!所以,英语的阅读要养成习惯,要成为自己生活的一部分,每天读一些。

4.阅读最好能结合“听、看”,多管齐下,视、听觉、多媒体共同作用,能达到几倍的效果。一部著作用它的简写版、原版、朗读版、改编电影片等来全方位地学习,阅读、听朗读、看电影结合一起来进行。往往有这样的情况:一些内容在第一遍阅读时不能理解其意思,但反复多次听朗读后,却豁然开朗,一下子明白了主人公此番话语的意思!同样,我们在听朗读、看电影时会有一些不明白的词语、场景意味,会激起心中的好奇心,很想去看看原著书中到底是什么词、什么意思,为什么会这样„„。常常我们在第一次看影片时只能看懂一半或多些,但多看几遍后,能理解的成分就提高了;通过仔细阅读其原著后,许多疑惑就迎刃而解了!这样,带着问题去钻、去学,让学习成为一种享受。

推荐第7篇:The Alchemist英文读读后感

The Alchemist The Alchemist: A Fable About Following Your Dream is also calledO Alquimista.It is a simple but unordinary story .The Alchemist, first published in 1988, is a modern claic that has been translated into sixty languages, read in over 150 counties and sold more than 30 million copies.The author Paulo Coelho was borned in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.His books were translated into many different kinds of languages and were popular around the world. The Alchemist begins at dusk.Santiago, a Shepard boy, is settling in for the night with his herd at an abandoned church with a half-destroyed roof and an enormous sycamore tree growing through it.That night, he has a dream about finding treasure near the Egyptian Pyramids.

His travels have brought him near a town where he hopes to reacquaint himself with a girl he met the previous year.He detours to Tarifa, a nearby village where he can shave, get a haircut, and meet with visit a gypsy who can interpret dreams.The gypsy and a mysterious old man claiming to be a king advise him to pursue the treasure.

To that end, Santiago sells his sheep and travels from Spain to Tangier.A thief steals his all of his money, forcing Santiago to take a job to survive.He finds works for a crystal merchant and after a year of succe helping him expand his busine, Santiago earns enough money to return home.On the way, he meets an Englishman on a quest to learn the secrets of alchemy and is inspired continue his search.Local wars strand Santiago and the Englishman in a desert oasis.However, thanks to this change in plans, he finds his true love, Fatima, and meets the Alchemist.Together with the Alchemist, Santiago continues his journey, facing life-threatening danger and more financial lo.He reaches the Pyramids of Egypt and ultimately finds his treasure––but not in Egypt.

Language of this book is very simple, but every word is philosophy.―At that point in their lives, everything is clear and everything is poible.They are not afraid to dream, and to yearn for everything they would like to see happen to them in their lives.But, as time paes, a mysterious force begins to convince them that it will be impoible for them to realize their destiny.‖

―when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.‖

They were said by Tthe king of Salem.This two sentences were the most impreive sentences to me.I got the central theme of the book——pursuing dream.We should believe our dreams, if we have the strong desire to achieve it ,it will be real.When I first read this sentence, I felt a bit ridiculous.It seems like a slogan.However, just like the book told us,‖ When the huge wealth is right in front of us, but we never notice.That is because people don\'t believe the

treasure is there.‖ We often reject it but never try, and it may be a big psychological obstacle for us to follow our dreams.In my opinion, maybe we should believe what the book told us——when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.Different people have different feelings about the book.As for me, the most impreion I got was the description of dream.Actually, everyone can got his own philosophy .

推荐第8篇:读《怦然心动)有感(英文)

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

摘 要

《怦然心动》是由文德琳·范·德拉安南2001所写,讲诉的是一个唯美而又风趣的爱 情故事,这个故事发生在一个小镇里面,朱莉对布莱斯一见钟情,朱莉喜欢上了布莱斯漂亮的蓝眼睛,但是布莱斯却在第一眼的时候就认为朱莉对于他来说就是一个麻烦,当时他们只有七岁,而对于朱莉的纠缠布莱斯从来都没有当做一回事来看,一直爱理不理的,可是在发生了梧桐树事件,鸡蛋事件,拍卖事件以后,布莱斯对于朱莉的某种感情正悄悄的发生着变化。小说中对于两个孩子的爱情描写得很细致,他们感情虽然很稚嫩,但确是实实在在的真感情,这是无法否认的。而本论文主要研究的是关于爱情和年龄之间的关系,在中国大多数家庭是不允许早恋的,认为他们不懂怎么去爱一个人,但是这样的想法真的是正确吗,本论文的重点就是爱情和年龄的关系。

关键词:关于爱情和年龄之间关系 一见钟情

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

ABSTRACT

was written by Wendelin Van Draanen at 2001.It tells us a funny and aesthetic love story.This story happened in a small town.Juli fell in love with Bryce at the first sight.And she loves his blue eyes.However Bryce thought that that girl Juli was a trouble when she came in.And they were 7 years old at that time.About the entanglement from the girl,Bryce shows he did not care.However,after the things of phoenix tree,egg and auction.The emotion of Bryce to Juli has soundlely changed.In this novel,the description of love and age between the two child is very careful.Though their emotion is very young,their emotion is very true.This thesis mainly studies the relationship between the love and age.In China,most families prohibit puppy love.They thinks that their child do not understand what is the love and how to love a person.But this thought is true or not?This thesis will study the relationship between love and age.And it will have a conclusion.

Key words:puppy love age and love

true love

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

1 引言....................................................................................................................5

2 关于年龄和爱情之间的理论简介....................................................................7 3 对《怦然心动》的简介....................................................................................8 4 本论文对于年龄与爱情之间关系的看法.......................................................11 结束语...................................................................................................................13 参考文献...............................................................................................................14

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

CONTENTS 1 Introduction .............................................................................................5 2 The Relationship Between Age and Love Theory ................................7 3 The Introduction Of The And The Estimate Of This Novel...........8 4 The View Of The Relationship Of Love And Age In This Thesis.......11 Conclusion .................................................................................................13 References .................................................................错误!未定义书签。

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

1 Introduction

This thesis will let us talk about the topic that is the relationship between age and love.Most of will think that age and love has a great relationship and the more little the child who can’t understand what is love and how to love people.However,this thesis will prove that between age and love,there is not so much relationship,just a little.You can not say that you are so young that you can not understand what is love and how to love people.It is not justice for them.Or they may know a lot than you.In China,puppy love is prohibited by people.They thinks that their child do not understand what is the love and how to love a person.But this thought is true or not?From this thesis perspective,I will tell you that there is not so much relationship between age and love.If a boy loves a girl and he will regard her like the gem.He will protect her from danger.This is love and this is the pure love we want to get.However,in some peoples’ eyes puppy love is wrong.They always say that they are to little that they can’t understand what is love.They also think puppy love will let their child go downhill and will make their child’s study terrible.If so,those are not the true love,and that is fake.The true love will make eath other better.Whatever the grade or the life,even the future.So wo should not discriminate little age child falls in love with someone.You only should do what is that straighten you attitude to their love.Do not mandatorily deleave them.It will give them psychological hurt.This thesis is based on the novel.was written by Wendelin Van Draanen at 2001.It tells us a funny and aesthetic love story.This story happened in a small town.Juli fell in love with Bryce at the first sight.And she loves his blue eyes.However Bryce thought that that girl Juli was a trouble when she came in.And they were 7 years old at that time.About the entanglement from the girl,Bryce shows he did not care.However,after the things of phoenix tree,egg and auction.The emotion of Bryce to Juli has soundlely changed.In this novel,the description of love and age between the two child is very careful.Though their emotion is very young,their emotion is very true.This thesis mainly studies the relationship between the love and age.In China,most families prohibit puppy love.They thinks that their child do not understand what is the love and how to love a person.But this thought is true or not?This thesis will study the relationship between love and age.And it will have a conclusion.

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

We will according the’plot and prove that there is not so much relationship between age and love.And we also will quote some people’word to prove that this thesis’argument is right.This thesis will also talk about how to deal with the puppy and how to tell the child what is the true love.

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

2 The Relationship Between Age and Love Theory

This thesis uses exemplification to prove that this thesis’validity.We also will quote some people’words to prove that this thesis’argument is right.And we will combine the novel and the present to prove.This thesis mainly uses examples and someone’word.Like some folktales and other novels.There are some other novels and words has same plot with the .And use these common grounds to prove it.

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

3 The introduction of the and the estimate of this novel

Wendelin Van Draanen is a American writer who was born in 1965.She is a female writer and she have written a lot of novels,such as and and so on.Her novels’leading roles are most of child.So she is also a child’s writer.What’s more.She is also a scriptwriter and write a lot of plays.Her novels always describe the youth and their things.She do it very well.She can accurately describe the true emotion of the juvenile.So her works in USA is very popular among all kinds of people.Have you read her novels.If not,it is a pity.After you read her novels,you will find surprisedly that her novels fells funny.However ,you will find that it can give you a new view of the childhood which you can’t experience in China.And her words is very funny which can draw your attention to read it till this novel to end.The tells us a funny and aesthetic love story.

This story happened in a small town.Juli fell in love with Bryce at the first sight.And she loves his blue eyes.However Bryce thought that that girl Juli was a trouble when she came in.And they were 7 years old at that time.About the entanglement from the girl,Bryce shows he did not care.However,after the things of phoenix tree,egg and auction.The emotion of Bryce to Juli has soundlely changed.Most of people will say that they are only 7 years old.How could they know what is love and how to love people.But in this novel,they can have a love story which is belong theirselves.It is very sweet.You can fell it.And in their middle school,they start fall into the love.Others will say they can’t love in a puff.Because they are just student.It will influence their study.So you can’t see that kind movie in China.So if you have free time you can see this movie,it will give you a fresh felling you never fell.But do you know why Bryce fell in love with Juli and we will talk about why Brace fall in love with Juli.At first,we know that in fact,Brace disgusts Juli.Because he regarded Juli as a trouble.From my perspective,the reason why Bryce disgusts Juil is that Juli always tangled Bryce,and the sudden tangle makes him sick.So he confirmed that he do not like her.And how about Juli,she fell in love with Bryce at the first sight who has a big and blue eyes.But destiny always tends to the angel.They are clamate which makes Bryce sick and makes Juli exciting.From Bryce perspective,this is his hellish life’beginning.When they are clamate,for Juli it is a superb opportunity,but for Bryce it is a awful situation.Juli still continually fouls Bryce.Though Bryce doped out a lot of ways to

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

get rid of her,there is no way.At middle school,Bryce doped out a way that once he can aociate with a girl which Bryce want to Juli gives up him.However because his sworn followers,he had to give up her.And then this town happened a thing about a phoenix tree which is the Juli like best.She said the phoenix tree which can let her see the best scenery she had never seen.So every morning,Juli will get up very early and climb the phoenix tree,and tell her the people school bus is where.Bryce and his sworn followers thought Juli is a freak.So when they heard the sound of Juli,they will fell weary.However one day,when Juli on the tree,there are some people who want to cut the phoenix tree down.Juli can’t take it.So she decided stay at the phoenix tree and never come down from the phoenix tree.Juli turned to Bryce for help.However,Bryce disregarded Juli.Juli was very sad and cried on the phoenix tree till her father came and persuaded Juli come down from the phoenix tree.Later,her father give her a painting of the phoenix tree.Those days Juli was very sad.Then the school of town conducted a competition of science and technology.Juli’s topic is”a chicken’ born”which get the first place.And this news let Bryce did not want to eat her eggs.Every time Juli gave the eggs to Bryce.Bryce will threw it away.However,one day,when Juli gave Bryce the eggs and some words which makes Juli feel strange.After she went out from the a house,Juli saw Bryce carried a packet of eggs.Juli interrogated Bryce why he carried so many eggs.Bryce muttered and mumbled.Juli knew that Bryce want to threw these eggs away.She was very sad.And gave the reason why he can’t eat it is that their yard was so dirty that he can’t eat it which made Juli want to cry.Then Juli started to put in order the yard with Bryce’grandfather which made Bryce surprised.From now,Bryce felt uncertain whether he like Juli.He want to see and mi her everyday.However,because of the egg thing,Juli very was angry and she din not want to see Bryce’face.Some days later,their school held a auction which was to “sell” boys to raise money for school to build.Bryce thought Juli will “buy” him.Because he saw Juli prepared a lot of cash.However,Juil “bought a another boy.Bryce is very popular in their school.At last,he was bought by a girl who love him.But for Bryce,he is very sad because of Juli.How about Juli?Juli should have prepared to “buy” Bryce.However,when she saw a lot of girls want to “buy”Bryce.She gave up and “buy”another boy.After the auction,they had a date.However,They are not happy.After the psychological struggle,Bryce decided to tell Juli that he love Juli and give her his first.But Juli stayed away.All the people thought Bryce was mad.After this

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

thing,Juli did not want to see him.She did not know why he will ki her.Though Bryce called her and went her house to ask for pardon.But no way.So,Bryce planted a phoenix tree to her.At last,they lived a happy life.

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

4 The View Of The Relationship Of Love And Age In This Thesis

In the novel ,some dialogues moves me deeply.For example,when Juli met Bryce at the first sight,she said “The first day I met Bryce , I flipped.It was those eyes, something in those dazzling eyes.”Juli fell in love with Bryce at the first sight.And she loves his blue eyes.However Bryce thought that that girl Juli was a trouble when she came in.And they were 7 years old at that time.This is pure love.Juli loves Bryce’s big blue eyes.Juli thought his big blue eyes are very charming and lovely.Juli wanted to give Bryce her first kisare s.Of course,at last,they are together.Though this period is very difficult for Juli,Juli never give up and persist in Bryce.Also Juli suffered a lot of troubles.But Juli thought that is worth to do.

A Chinese writer said “As a parent,you can not censure your child that they are young and they do not know what is love and how to love people.Though they are young,it not shows that they do not understand what is love and how to love people.”This thesis mainly talk about the age and love.Most of people will say that child do not know what is love.So they prohibit puppy love.From their perspective,puppy love will influence their child’study and life.However,they do not know there is true love in child.And,the novel has proved that the relationship between age and love has a little relationship.

Roland said”When two person certainly falls in with each other,they will not care age,economy,facial features and stature like these external factors.If there are some problem in you,try to ask yourself”Is it the true love.”Nowadays,there is not so many blocks in your love road.Human beings are gradually not care so many factors when they fell in love with eath other.And people always find the people who he or she love and do not care age,economy,facial features and stature like these external factors.They think that it is difficult to two people fell in love with eath other.So they will ignore some other factors.However,do you know what is love?From the Bible we know.”Love,from Bible.Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude.It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth.It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.Love never ends.And now faith, hope and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love.” Of course,the definition of love are different from different people.But everyone treats true love are the one.People will sincerely treat the true love and never give in.But how to treat the true love?A writer

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

said”Giving someone all your love is never an aurance that they\'ll love you back! Don\'t expect love in return; just wait for it to grow in their heart but if it doesn\'t, be content it grew in yours.It takes only a minute to get a crush on someone, an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone, but it takes a lifetime to forget someone.”Though it is very difficult,if we can get the true love.That is enough.

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

Conclusion

This thesis is mainly talk about the relationship between age and love.From the above-mentioned words,there is no so much relationship between age and love.If you really love one people,you will not care anything,ge,economy,facial features and stature like these external factors.If there are some problem in you,try to ask yourself”Is it the true love.”So we can know from the thesis, there is not so many blocks in your love road.Human beings are gradually not care so many factors when they fell in love with eath other.True love is the most valuable thing if we have it.Major Findings

This thesis’conclusion is that there is not so much relation between age and love.When two person certainly falls in with each other,they will not care age,economy,facial features and stature like these external factors.If you are really love eath other,there is nothing can stem you.

Limitations

This thesis does not include the reason of puppy love.And do not tell the reason why people will fall in love with each other.

Recommendations

Next,this thesis will replenish the reason of puppy love.And do not tell the reason why people will fall in love with each other.

In a word,there is not so much relation between age and love.When two person certainly falls in with each other,they will not care age,economy,facial features and stature like these external factors.If you are really love eath other,there is nothing can stem you.

中国地质大学江城学院(论文)

References

1.Wendelin Van Draanen(2001).Flipped,8,22-23

2.Roland.(2002,Retrieved from http://www.daodoc.com/ 3.Bible,(AD 1500), 10,8-9 4.The Wall Street Journal.(2001),10,3-4 5.Los Angeles Times.(2001),11,3-4 6.Rob Reiner.(2010).Flipped.USA 7.The Hollywood Reporter.(2001),11,12-13 8.The New York Times.(2010),12,12-13 9.Draanen.(2002),10,13-14 10.Hanhan.(2011),Blog,7,10-11

推荐第9篇:如何读英文原著

如何读英文原著

读书人,想必为英文所苦。

如何学英文,有很多英文大师也提出了自己的意见,这些意见不乏真知灼见,但总觉得是盲人摸象,各执一端。你果真如实照做,恐怕会丧生在英文的汪洋大海之中,难达彼岸。

何故?其心不坚,其力不遂,其时不达,其乐不知,其效不显。

如此形成一个恶循环,尝不到甜头,终于坏了大事。实际上,学英文的方法也真的是各执一端,有无数方法能到彼岸。但学英文不偏执到底,得不到乐趣,只是苦学,无自我激励,难得成效和勇猛精进之喜悦。

我有一法,是野路子,并非科班,是读原著法,为那些喜欢读书的人所设。既然爱读书,就适合用此法。如不爱读书,怎么说也无用。坐不住者,不如去看美剧,听各种影视英语,总之不适合此法。

我读原著的经历

三四年前,我年纪已大,某一日决定攻克英文。

必先利其器。我首先研究了一下电子词典和手机市场,最后选择了全键盘手机,安装Mdict软件,以取代电子词典。电子词典如卡西欧者,当然字典质量更佳。但手机词典有一个好处,可以随时随地在任何场所查词。地铁、新华书店、家中、学校、车站,无一不可。而且可以遮羞,试想,前方广告牌有一单词不识,匆忙拿出一卡西欧,多失派头。而拿一手机,可堂而皇之查阅,神不知,鬼不觉也,心中窃喜有加。

但一定要选择全键盘智能手机,个中原因,仔细想想你就会有答案。

当年我从广州天河城以3800多元购回手机后,立即研究如何安装各种英文字典。这其实也是一个学习的过程。

我当时的单词量估计退化到2500词的水平。可是我一咬牙,从卓越网花了89块钱买了一本《Three men in a boat》正版书,这书我现在看来,当然决无问题。当时却看得七窍生烟。于是果断放弃。

后来我选择了我最喜欢看的一本科幻书《Calculating God》(《计算中的上帝》),我在杂志社把他们全部打印到A4纸上,花了10多天看完。虽云看完,其实是云里雾里,估计只懂得基本的情节。但这已足够让我继续学下去了。

因为这本书并非实体书,实际上不能算是我读的第一本,我读的第一本是从广州文津阁书店买的一本原版《蓝色海豚岛》,读了以上两本后,我又买了哈利波特之类的书狂看。初期看书,一定要求快,不管看懂了多少,迅速积累到十本绝对数量,以对自己形成正激励。

再后来,我在工作之余,读了约有一百多本原著,基本上解决了原著的阅读问题。此处就不详说了。甚至我在回家坐火车、坐飞机、上街和小蜜看电影之前,包里总带有一本原著。甚至当时我读的儒家的经典,我也总是找英文版的来读。一切和英文接触的机会,我都没有放过。如今,我读原著的习惯一直保留了下来,丢也丢不得,甩也甩不掉,虽然用掉了很多时间,但是也极大地开拓了我的视野,深入到西方人的精神世界中。所得应比所费多。

读原著的方法

我这里提供的方法是我日常学习时候所形成的标准化动作。可因人而异,供大家自己修改。

1.看原著的难度

这对于初读原著的人很重要。开始可以选择流行口水小说,如西德尼·谢尔顿等难度不大的通俗小说,或者比较现代版本的儿童童话(因为有些古老的英译童话有俚语和中古英语,虽然比较少),读了一些,可以挑战克里斯蒂的侦探小说,有80多种呢。

但是我不建议读简写读本。简写读本也是流利简明的英语,但是中国人的特点会觉得没有成就感。这是反对读它们主要原因。而且这东西读多了有依赖性,不愿意挑战难的。

读原著10本以上,10本之内保持难度的均衡,10之后要有意识地加强难度,我建议每10本一个台阶,有意识地将读物难度往上抬一点,但一定要注意不要太难。

在阅读的实践中,我把原著分成九品中正制。上上、上中、上下;中上,中中,中下;下上,下中,下下。举例来讲,如果《哈利波特1》是下下到下中,那么《哈利波特六》、《七》就是下上至中下。《简爱》是中中,那么一般的流行口水小说大多在中下至中中的水平,甚至有下中至下上的。难度自己要学会去感觉。

随着一个人水平的提高,对名著难度的感观也会变化,这里忽略不计。一般来讲,

18、19世纪的经典英文原著,都不适合一开始阅读;会强烈打击自信心;流行口水小说看起来没有营养,却是熟悉基本词汇最快的途径。看得进去故事,书自然就容易看了。当然,到了后期还是要看经典原著。

初学者还是要分出梯度,不要一口想吃成个胖子,这是很多人需要克服的极大的缺点。

但即使是读最低等的原著有困难,也要咬紧牙关。

2.单词

单词随着阅读自然而然增长。准备一个电子词典或者手机词典。每页原著一定要限定自己只查1-2个单词,哪怕这一页有15个单词不认识,也一定要忍住不去查其他单词。如果真的重要的单词,在后面还是会不断出现的。

有的人说他止不住想查清每个单词,这样就影响了看书的效率,日子一久,就不行了。其实你忍不住想查清每个单词,是人的一种缺点,只看得清芝麻,看不见长效努力后会得到西瓜。

人的特点是趋近避远,目光短视,这个弱点一定要克服。最终的结果,都是一点点小事积累而成的。

看原著速度一定要快,争取在10天之内解决一本原著。一开始可以有意识地挑100~370页内的原著,减轻自己压力。单纯地为了把自己的“累积量”提高到10本而奋斗;10本之后,自己会摸索出一个自己的方法。读完10本是成功的第一个标志。之后目标是20本,50本,80本,100本。

每页查1~2个单词,看起来最好是把这单词记到笔记本上复习——我强烈不建议这样做!!速度在初期是一切之本,应该加快速度,自然而然地让单词碰见你,而不是你想着单词。忘掉单词!去享受故事。每页不得不查1~2个的时候,你去查!

哪个词应该查,哪个不应该查,你会在实践中知道的。

3.时间

我记得第一个半年,我读了大约25种左右的原著,第二年全年读了约53种,基本是每星期一本。一开始可以慢点,15天一本,慢慢地进化到10天一本,最后进化到7天一本。你还可以在合适的时候挑战极限,看自己2天、1天能不能看完一本。在后期这都是可以做到的。量要大,速度要快,单纯地为了积累数量而努力,英语自然就被涵养成了。比如我每读完一本,我都要这那本书的扉页上写下这样的标志:

A.数量:原著总第124本。

B.日期:共5天。

2011.6.5 130页。

2011.6.6 110页。

2011.6.7 117页。

2011.6.8 113页。

2011.6.9 120页。

C.难度:中中

D.感想:这本书含有大量的GRE单词,在学校图书馆读完,痛快痛快。。。。。。 有余力还可以读完马上写一篇这本书的读后感,加深印象,mark之。这之类记录是为了正面激励自己,让自己保持胜利的姿态。必要的时候,加加QQ群,和别人吹吹牛,建一个豆列,自我膨胀也是好办法。

吹牛的目的是为了让自己形成正迁移,正评价。在阅读中收获喜悦而不是痛苦。

所有的书建议落实到纸上,不管是原版名著、国内出版社引进的名著、还是自己打印出的名著(慎之,寻找好版本,因为错误会有些),当然如果你已经在

用kindle之类的电子阅读器读原著了,那也好。

推荐第10篇:清明节与环境英文演讲稿

The relation between tomb-sweeping day and the enviorment.Good morning boys and girls,

Today l want to talksomething about the relation betweentomb-sweeping day and the

enviorment.As we all know,the

tomb-sweeping day is a traditional festival in china,it\'s a time to remember the dead.and

during the festival,people from all over the world went home to sacrify their deceased ancestors,family members or friends.in

order to show their respect andfilial piety for their dearly departed,they often burn hell notes,set off firecrackers or burn incensethe

ideaof remembering the dead intheir minds is worthy to be carried forward,but the way to show it is not a smart one.it\'s known toall that environment pollution is becoming more and more serious.when we burn something, harmful gases will be released into atmosphere,andit will pollute the air.Everyone knows that none of us can benifit from the polluted air.so we should find a new way to sacrify the dead.for instance,offering some flowers instead.There are all kinds of flowers in market,and different flower have different meaning,we can ch

oose any of those flowers to expre our emotions to the dead.In my opinion,it\'s sure a smart way to sacrify the dead.don\'t you think so?

that\'s all thank you !

第11篇:关于环境类自我介绍、英文

在校期间我们学习了化工单元操作、环境监测、水污染控制技术、大气污染控制技术、环保设备设计与制造技术、化工制图与CAD等,在实验室课题研究期间,我掌握了很好的技能,可以熟练地完成各个课题实验的操作,利用UASB处理水中的有机物,进行了除磷剂的制备,还学习了离子色谱仪、气相色谱仪和总有机碳测定仪的使用与维护,以及大气自动监测站的管理与维护等,不畏艰难解决了一个又一个的问题,完成了老师的课题,并协助老师完成实验室的建设工作。

In school we have learntthe chemical unit operations, environmental monitoring, water pollution control technology, air pollution control technology, environmental protection equipment design and manufacturing technology, chemical mapping and CAD, etc.

During the research in the laboratory,I have learnt good skills ,I can skillfully complete the experiment, as use UASB to treat the organic in water , use Flotation to treat the Oily Wastewater and also studied how to use and maintain the ion chromatograph, gas chromatograph and total organic carbon analyzer,manage and maintain the automatic air monitoring station, and also brave to solve the problems one by one, complete the teacher\'s topic, and help teachers to complete the construction of the new laboratory。.

第12篇:环境类英文期刊列表

环境类英文期刊列表: A Acta Oecologica《生态学,国际生态学报》法国 ISSN:1146-609X,1980年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.143。刊载有关理论与实验生态学方面的研究论文。内容涉及自然环境和实验条件下的群体研究。

Advances in Environmental Research《环境研究进展》美国

ISSN:1093-0191,1997年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.626,2003年EI收录87篇。刊载研究环境科学方面的研究论文与述评。

Advances in Water Resources《水资源进展》英国

ISSN:0309-1708,1977年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.806,2003年EI收录98篇。刊载水资源研究论文与评论,侧重基础开发、模拟技术与实际应用。涉及数值模拟、系统分析与数学程序、地表水、水文学、水质、水电系统和废水循环等方面。

Atmospheric Environment《大气环境》英国

ISSN:1352-2310,1967年创刊,全年40期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子2.352,2003年EI收录543篇。刊载研究人与大气环境的相互影响,包括空气污染、微气候学和污染控制对策等方面的论文和简讯。EayStar.com

Atmospheric Environment.Part B.Urban Atmosphere《大气环境,B部分:城市大气》英国 ISSN:0957-1272,1989年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,刊载城市气候、能与湿度平衡、气象、水文、卫生、建筑、城市规划、大气污染及污染控制等方面的考察研究、数据分析和数学模拟等方面的论文和报告。

Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law《亚太环境法杂志》荷兰

ISSN:1385-2140,1996年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,刊载亚太地区环境法方面的研究,以促进该区域环境法律、法规的建设和研究。

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology《环境污染与毒物学文献》德国 ISSN:0090-4341,1973年创刊,全年8期,Springer-Verlag出版社,刊载有关环境污染和毒物学实验与理论研究方面的论文,包括对空气、水和土壤的污染研究。

Archives of Toxicology《毒理学文献》德国

ISSN:0340-5761,1930年创刊,全年12期,Springer-Verlag出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子1.852。刊载毒理学有关临床与实验的研究论文、评论与短讯,注重人与动物对药物反应的机理、新的分析方法、药品实验研究及法医毒理学等内容。

B Biological Conservation《生物保护》英国

ISSN:0006-3207,1969年创刊,全年18期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子1.783。刊载各国野生动、植物等自然资源的保护方面的重大发现报告、研究论文和书评。

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology《环境污染与毒物学通报》德国 ISSN:0007-4861,1966年创刊,全年12期,Springer-Verlag出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子0.556。报道空气、土壤、水和食品污染方面的发展与发现。载有方法、程序、技术介绍及新发现的简讯。

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology《行为生态学与社会生物学》德国

ISSN:0340-5443,1976年创刊,全年12期,Springer-Verlag出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子2.273。发表个体与群体动物行为的定量、理论研究与实验分析方面的原始论文和简讯。侧重于研究行为的生态适应的功能、机理和进化。

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment《工程地质学与环境通报》德国 ISSN:1435-9529,1970年创刊,全年4期,Springer-Verlag出版社,EI收录期刊,2003年EI收录38篇。国际工程地质学与环境协会官方杂志。

Busine Strategy and the Environment《工商战略与环境》美国

ISSN:0964-4733,1992年创刊,全年6期,John Wiley出版社,刊载工商业规划管理与环境关系方面的研究论文。

C Chemosphere《臭氧层》英国 ISSN: 0045-6535, 1972年创刊,全年40期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子1.461,2003年EI收录576篇。刊载臭氧层研究以及与环境有关的化学、生物学和毒理学等方面的研究报告和简讯。

Chemosphere - Global Change Science《臭氧层全球变化科学》英国

ISSN: 1465-9972, 1999年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,研究大气层组成的变化。针对全球变暖、臭氧损耗等全球及地区性环境问题,进行气候建模,评估交叉环境界面中主要化学要素的变化和交换机制。将环境科学与公共政策或新技术相结合。

Coastal Engineering《海岸工程》荷兰 ISSN: 0378-3839, 1976年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子1.011,2003年EI收录45篇。刊载海岸、港口和近海工程,包括波浪与潮流、海岸形态、港湾水力学、港口与近海工程设施以及相关的数学与物理模型、施工与环境问题等方面的基础与应用研究论文、学术会议消息及书评。

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy《清洁技术与环境政策》德国 ISSN:1618-954X,1999年创刊,全年4期,Springer-Verlag出版社。

E Environmental Science & Technology《环境科学与技术》

ISSN 0013-936X,1967年创刊,全年24期,American Chemical Society出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI2000年影响因子3.751,被引频次206

23、年载文量704。刊载环境化学与技术方面的研究报告和环境管理科学方面的评论,以及其它相关技术信息。是本学科的重要期刊。

Ecological Engineering《生态工程》荷兰

ISSN:0925-8574,1992年创刊,全年10期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.058,2003年EI收录54篇。刊载有关生态系统设计与建设,包括生态技术及其应用、综合生态学、生态系统保护、河流净化、干旱地区改造与建设,以及相关政策与经济问题的研究论文、简报和特邀评论等。

Ecological Modelling《生态模拟》荷兰

ISSN:0304-3800,1975年创刊,全年36期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.561。刊载运用数学模型、系统分析和计算机技术对生态系、环境污染控制和资源开发等问题进行定量研究方面的论文以及学术界动态报道,稿件来自各国。

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety《生态毒物学与环境安全》美国

ISSN:0147-6513,1977年创刊,全年9期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.983。研究天然或合成化学污染物质对动物、植物和微生物生态系统的生物效应和毒性效果。

Environment International《国际环境》英国

ISSN:0160-4120,1978年创刊,全年8期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.226,2003年EI收录128篇。刊载环境科学、技术、卫生、监测和政策等方面的研究论文。

Environmental and Experimental Botany《环境与实验植物学》英国

ISSN:0098-8472,1961年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.632。刊载环境植物学和实验植物学,包括细胞与遗传研究、辐照植物学、光植物学、生物物理研究、污染与毒物作用等方面的研究论文。

Environmental Forensics《环境论争》英国

ISSN:1523-1673,2000年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.483。。为有关环境污染问题提供科学论坛,涉及环境污染的立法、仲裁、辩论等方面的内容。

Environmental Impact Aement Review《环境影响评价辑要》美国

ISSN:0195-9255,1980年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SSCI、EI收录期刊,2003年EI收录34篇。刊载环境决策方面的最新分析技术和研究进展的文献摘要。

Environmental Modelling & Software《环境模拟与软件》英国

ISSN:1364-8152,1986年创刊,全年10期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.780,2003年EI收录95篇。1996年前刊名为Environmental Software,刊载环境科学与工程领域计算机软件应用的研究论文和札记。

Environmental Pollution《环境污染》英国 ISSN:0269-7491,1970年创刊,全年15期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子2.002,2003年EI收录283篇。刊载论文、研究报告和评论,内容包括环境污染的生态影响及其涉及的社会、政治、经济、医学、工程,以及环境污染的测量与控制等问题。

Environmental Research《环境研究》美国

ISSN:0013-9351,1967年创刊,全年9期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.452。环境医学和科学杂志。旨在研究环境因素的毒理作用,包括其导致疾病的病因和作用过程。涉及生化学、分子和细胞生物学、病理学、毒理学等。

Environmental Science & Policy《环境科学与政策》英国

ISSN:1462-9011,1998年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊。

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology《环境毒理学与药理学》荷兰

ISSN:1382-6689,1992年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.280。1996年前刊名为European Journal of Pharmacology: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,刊载药物与环境污染物对人类和脊椎动物的毒性效应方面的研究论文、快报及短评。

Engineering Geology《工程地质学》荷兰

ISSN:0013-7952,1965年创刊,全年16期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.687,2003年EI收录93篇。刊载工程地质包括与工程、环境及安全相关的地质学研究方面的研究论文、综论、快报、文献题录及书评。稿件来自各国,多用英文发表,间用德、法文。

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis《环境与分子诱变》美国

ISSN:0893-6692,1979年创刊,全年8期,John Wiley出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子2.000。刊载研究人体健康诱变的基理、诱变检测和环境诱变的本质方面的论文。

Environmental Law & Management《环境法与管理》英国

ISSN:1067-6058,1989年创刊,全年6期,John Wiley出版社,刊载土地管理与利用、环境保护和森林绿化、污染控制、废物和危险物品处理等法律和政策问题的文章与报告。

Environmental Progre《环境进展》美国

ISSN:0278-4491,1982年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.351,2003年EI收录46篇。侧重论述应用于化学工程中的污染治理技术进展。

Environmental Quality Management《环境质量管理》美国

ISSN:1088-1913,1991年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,刊载全面质量管理与环境管理一体化方面的专题文章和实例研究报告,以及最新法规和行业新闻报道。旨在促进工矿企业将全面质量与环境管理方法应用到生产与环保实践并将其转化为经济效益。

Environmental Toxicology《环境毒理学》美国 ISSN:1520-4081,1986年创刊,全年6期,John Wiley出版社,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.271,2003年EI收录42篇。1986-1998年刊名为Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality,刊载环境毒性与水质研究、监测、标准和政策方面的论文。

Environmetrics《环境计量学》英国

ISSN:1180-4009,1990年创刊,全年8期,John Wiley出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.598。研究环境科学领域的统计方法论及其应用,包括采样、模型建立、数据分析、统计质量控制、风险评估、时序法、多项分析等论题。

European Environment《欧洲环境》英国

ISSN:0961-0405,1991年创刊,全年6期,John Wiley出版社,对欧洲环境政策及实施进行深入分析。

Environment, Development and Sustainability《环境、发展与可持续性》荷兰

ISSN:1387-585X,1999年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,刊载论文,研讨社会经济开发与资源利用、环境保护在可持续发展的前提下的各种复杂的关系,涉及科学、技术和管理的各个层面。

Environmental and Ecological Statistics《环境和生态统计学》荷兰

ISSN:1352-8505,1994年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.310。

Environmental and Resource Economics《环境与资源经济学》荷兰

ISSN:0924-6460,1991年创刊,全年12期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SSCI、EI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子0.702,2003年EI收录84篇。论述以经济学理论和经济学方法为手段,解决温室效应、跨边界污染、滥伐、土壤侵蚀、废物管理和噪声等问题。

Environmental Biology of Fishes《鱼类环境生物学》荷兰

ISSN:0378-1909,1976年创刊,全年12期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.883。刊载与自然或变化了的内、外环境相关的鱼类学问题理论专论、研究论文和札记。偏重于从生态学角度研究鱼类生活史的形态学、生理学及行为问题,海洋和淡水鱼类生态学、种群和相关模式与过程渐成说,自然和养殖环境中的进化与演变等。

Environmental Fluid Mechanics《环境流体力学》荷兰

ISSN:1567-7419,2001年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,Environmental Geochemistry and Health《环境地球化学与健康》荷兰

ISSN:0269-4042,1979年创刊,全年4期,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.565。

Environmental Modeling and Aement《环境模式与评估》荷兰

ISSN:1420-2026,1996年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.679。刊载环境分析、评价方面的论文,旨在架起复杂环境下科学认知和决策之间的桥梁。包括地球、气候的变化,自然界的物理化学反应,环境风险的管理,空气、水的质量模拟,废物管理,稀有资源管理,环境对人类健康的影响,社会和人口动态等。

The Environmentalist《环境学家》荷兰 ISSN:0251-1088,1981年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,研究环境保护,包括有关的教育、培训和经验交流的国际性刊物。

European Environmental Law Review《欧洲环境法评论》荷兰

ISSN:0966-1646,1992年创刊,全年12期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,刊载欧洲各国有关环境法律的专题文章和评论,涉及土地、空气、水、海洋、噪声、废物和有害物质的管理以及自然保护法规等。

Environmental Chemistry Letters《环境化学快报》德国

ISSN:1610-3661,2003年创刊,全年4期,Springer-Verlag出版社。刊载环境化学方面的研究论文、报告和评论。

Environmental Engineering and Policy《环境工程与政策》德国 ISSN:1433-6618,1998年创刊,全年4期。Springer-Verlag出版社。

Ecosystems《生态系统》美国

ISSN:1432-9840,1998年创刊,全年6期,Springer-Verlag出版社。SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子2.694。刊载有关生态系统设计与建设,包括生态技术及其应用、综合生态学、生态系统保护、河流净化、干旱地区改造与建设,以及相关政策与经济问题的研究论文、简报和特邀评论等。

Environmental Geology《环境地质学》德国

ISSN:0943-0105,1975年创刊,全年8期,Springer-Verlag出版社,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子0.461,2003年EI收录218篇。综合性多学科刊物。刊载论文与报告,涉及人类与自然相互作用、影响人类生存的地质条件、地质资源管理、地质环境污染、矿区与油田环境地质、农业与矿业用水等方面的问题。

Environmental Management《环境管理》德国 ISSN:0364-152X,1977年创刊,全年12期,Springer-Verlag出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子0.845。刊载生态模拟、资源管理、能源、环境监测、危险物处理等与环境和生态研究有关的文章和评论。

F Federal Facilities Environmental Journal《联邦设施环境杂志》美国

ISSN:1048-4078,1990年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,刊载介绍美国各级立法、行政、政府机构处理环境问题的实例研究、未来问题防范建议,以及法规和政策分析等方面的文章和报道。

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology《基础与应用毒理学》美国

ISSN:0272-0590,1981年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,1999年前刊名为Toxicological Sciences,刊载毒理学方面的研究论文和报告,对毒剂、化学品、药物和天然产品进行危险评价和安全评估,并论述相关的方法、设备、政策和法规。

Food and Chemical Toxicology《食品与化学品毒理学》英国 ISSN:0278-6915,1963年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.898。刊载食品、化妆品和农产品的毒理学研究、法规和教育问题等方面的论文、评论、文摘和简讯。

G Geoforum《地球论坛》英国

ISSN:0016-7185,1970年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SSCI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子1.273。综合性人文地理刊物。刊载有关人类环境与资源管理、都市与区域规划、产业发展等方面的原始研究论文、报告和评论。

Global Environmental Change Part A《地球环境变化A辑》英国

ISSN:0959-3780,1990年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.708。刊载地球环境的变化(包括森林砍伐、土壤流失、海平面升高、酸雨、核爆炸、工业污染以及自然灾害)对人类及其他生物生存的影响和应采取的改善措施方面的文章、书评和会议报告。

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards《地球环境变化B辑:环境危险》英国

ISSN:1464-2867,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版。

Gesunde Pflanzen《作物保护》德国

ISSN:0367-4223,1949年创刊,全年8期,Springer-Verlag出版社。主要介绍植物保护、植物病虫害防治,包括化学防治法、生物防治法,以及农药使用等的技术知识和实践经验,兼及非寄生虫的植物病害、环境与自然保护。

H Hydrological Procees《水文研究》英国

ISSN:0885-6087,1987年创刊,全年18期,John Wiley出版社,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.242,2003年EI收录216篇。刊载水文环境研究论文、评论和简讯,侧重实地水文处理及其模型与预测。

I ICES Journal of Marine Science《海洋科学杂志》英国

ISSN:1054-3139,1926年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.063。国际海洋勘探理事会会刊,发表海洋和渔业科学的原始论文,涉及生物资源和环境、生态学、种群研究、浮游生物、海洋物理和化学等。

International Environmental Agreements《国际环境协定:政治、法律和经济》荷兰

ISSN:1567-9764,2001年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,该刊对国际环境问题的理论、方法和可行性进行多学科研究。

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health《国际职业卫生与环境卫生文献》德国

ISSN:0340-0131,1930年创刊,全年6期,Springer-Verlag出版社。SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子1.352。刊载工作环境与健康研究方面的信息与知识,促进劳动环境的改善,达到保护劳动者身体健康之目的。涉及领域:职业医学、环境医学、社会医学及有关科学。

J Journal of Environmental Engineering《环境工程杂志》美国

ISSN: 0733-9372,1956年创刊,每年12期,American Society of CivilEngineers,USA出版。刊载环境卫生方面的论文,侧重公共供水卫生,危险物质和其它废物的处理与管理,以及空气、水和土壤的污染控制等。SCI、EI收录期刊,2002年SCI影响因子0.8

58、被引频次19

17、即年指标0.20

2、年载文量1

29、被引半衰期6.8。EI 2002年收录128篇。

Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering《土工技术与地质环境工程杂志》美国

ISSN: 1090-0241,1956年创刊,每年12期,American Society of CivilEngineers,USA出版。刊载土壤力学与基础方面的研究论文,侧重地质环境与人工设施之间的关系,以及计算机在土木工程中的应用。SCI、EI收录期刊,2002年SCI影响因子0.6

36、被引频次50

2、即年指标0.10

8、年载文量10

2、被引半衰期3.9。EI 2002年收录102篇。

Journal of Urban Planning and Development《城市规划与发展杂志》美国

ISSN: 0733-9488,1956年创刊,每年4期,American Society of CivilEngineers,USA出版。 刊载土木工程在城市规划与发展方面应用的研究论文。涉及环境评价、土地利用、地下设施、基础设施管理、法规修订,以及市政规划的美学考虑等。SCI、EI收录期刊,2002年SCI影响因子0.2、被引频次

36、即年指标0.000、年载文量13。EI 2002年收录13篇。 Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management《水资源规划与管理杂志》美国

ISSN: 0733-9496,每年6期,American Society of Civil Engineers,USA出版。论述与水资源利用与保护相关的社会、经济环境及管理问题,鱼类与野生生物管理的社会与环境效益,以及计算机应用与系统分析等。SCI、EI收录期刊,2002年SCI影响因子0.6

44、被引频次

514、即年指标0.0

44、年载文量

45、被引半衰期7.5。EI 2002年收录45篇。

Journal of Arid Environments《干旱环境杂志》英国

ISSN:0140-1963,1978年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.692。刊载原始论文和评述文章,探究干旱沙漠环境中的气候学、地貌学、地质学、地理学、生物学、动物学、古人类学、人类生态学以及干旱地区土壤改良、水土流失控制、能源供应、城市发展等问题。

Journal of Cleaner Production《清洁器生产杂志》英国

ISSN:0959-6526,1993年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,EI收录期刊,2003年EI收录97篇。涉及防止污染、减少废物及清洁器产品的研究、工艺、观念和政策。

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management《环境经济学与环境管理杂志》美国 ISSN:0095-0696,1974年创刊,全年7期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SSCI、EI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子1.157,2003年EI收录59篇。刊载有关经济体系与环境和自然资源系统之间关系的理论与经验研究论文。

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology《污染物水文学杂志》荷兰 ISSN:0169-7722,1986年创刊,全年32期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.438,2003年EI收录145篇。刊载地下水污染问题的论文,偏重于在饱和(浸透)和非饱和(渗流)地区影响有机和无机污染物行为的物理、化学和生物过程的研究。

Journal of Environmental Management《环境管理杂志》英国

ISSN:0301-4797,1973年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.624。发表世界各地关于环境(包括自然的和人工的)管理问题的文章,涉及环境管理的直观与理论分析、现代技术应用、现代数学和计算技法的应用以及合理有效利用环境资源等问题。EayStar.com

Journal of Environmental Psychology《环境心理学杂志》英国

ISSN:0272-4944,1981年创刊,全年4期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SSCI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子0.767。研究人与社会自然环境之间的关系,以及这一领域与社会科学和生物科学间的关系,涉及人类活动场所的各种生态问题、建筑物与自然风景的评价、建筑格局、住宅设计、消闲旅游、环境心理等。

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity《环境辐射杂志》英国

ISSN:0265-931X,1984年创刊,全年21期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.837,2003年EI收录131篇。刊载研究天然辐射与人为辐射(核实验、核电站)对环境、人类及生物带来的危害与需要采取的保护措施等问题的原始论文、评论、调查报告、书评及会议消息等。

Journal of Hazardous Materials《危险物资杂志》荷兰

ISSN:0304-3894,1976年创刊,全年33期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.099,2003年EI收录205篇。主要内容为研究毒物、腐蚀、易燃、爆炸、放射性等危险物资的性质、制造、加工、运输、储存、处置当中的安全和危害,以及有关的法令、事故防止、标记等方面的问题。

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods《药理和毒理方法杂志》美国

ISSN:1056-8719,1978年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,刊载药理和毒理研究方法的论文和评论,包括药物和化学药品在生命系统的作用。

Journal of Applied Toxicology《应用毒物学杂志》英国

ISSN:0260-437X,1981年创刊,全年6期,John Wiley出版社,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.272。刊载应用毒物学领域的原始论文,涉及各种化合物和原料在畸形学、繁殖学、突变、致癌、环境、病理学、药物动力学、生化机制等方面的毒性作用。读者对象为毒物学家、环境科学家、职业卫生学家、临床药物学家。

Journal of Environmental Medicine《环境医学杂志》英国

ISSN:1095-1539,1998年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,为医生、公众保健专业人员和管理人员以及环境保护人员提供国际论坛。

Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning《环境政策与规划杂志》美国 ISSN:1523-908X,1999年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,旨在提供一个深刻分析环境政策与环境规划现状的论坛。

Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics《农业与环境道德杂志》荷兰

ISSN:1187-7863,1988年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI、SSCI收录期刊,SCI、SSCI2003年影响因子0.804。讨论技术发展引发的农业与环境道德的问题,涉及农业人口的变化、农田的利用、动物的生存、集约化农业、生态系统的改变和生物技术的应用等。

Journal of Polymers and the Environment《聚合物和环境杂志》荷兰

ISSN:1566-2543,1992年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.452,2003年EI收录22篇。刊载聚合物科学领域各种问题的研究论文、评论和简讯。

Journal of Environmental Aement Policy and Management《环境评估政策和管理》新加坡 ISSN:1464-3332,1999年创刊,全年4期,World Scientific出版社出版,环境评估政策和决策方面的文章和书评。

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management《物资循环与废品处理杂志》日本 ISSN:1438-4957,1999年创刊,全年2期,Springer-Verlag出版社。刊载相关论文与评论文章。

L Landscape and Urban Planning《园林与城市规划》荷兰

ISSN:0169-2046,1974年创刊,全年16期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、SSCI、EI收录期刊,SCI、SSCI 2003年影响因子0.925,2003年EI收录72篇。研究城市园林生态学,园林设计、保护与改良,土地利用与管理等方面问题的国际性刊物。

Learning Environments Research《学习环境研究》荷兰

ISSN:1387-1579,1998年创刊,全年3期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,刊载学习环境研究领域的原始论文,包括理论、定性定量研究、评论、方法问题讨论、评估手段的开发与确定、书评等,涵盖学前教育、小学、中学、大学和在职教育,以及家庭、科教中心和电视等教育环境的评述。

M Marine Environmental Research《海洋环境研究》英国

ISSN:0141-1136,1978年创刊,全年10期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.487,2003年EI收录56篇。刊载海洋环境研究论文,涉及生物学、化学、物理学、海洋探测、海洋污染等问题。

Marine Pollution Bulletin《海洋污染通报》英国

ISSN:0025-326X,1970年创刊,全年24期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.575,2003年EI收录267篇。刊载湖泊、港湾、内海和海洋污染方面的简报,涉及海洋毒物、海洋环境管理、海产以及渔业等方面的问题。

Mine Water and the Environment《矿泉水与环境》德国 ISSN:1025-9112,1982年创刊,全年4期,Springer-Verlag出版社。刊载矿泉水开发与环境问题、矿泉水分析与利用等方面的论文。

N Natural Hazards Review《自然公害评论》美国

ISSN: 1527-6988,2000年创刊,每年4期,American Society of CivilEngineers,USA出版。刊载由于客观物质世界、环境、社会与人之间的相互作用而导致的自然灾害损失。旨在将物质、社会和行为科学;工程;规范和政策环境统一起来以减少自然灾害损失和成本提供方法。

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems《农业生态体系的营养循环》荷兰

ISSN:1385-1314,1980年创刊,全年9期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.671。刊载有关农业生态体系中营养的循环,包括土壤与土壤肥力、土壤化学、作物与畜牧业生产、作物质量与环境等方面问题的研究论文。

Natural Toxins《天然毒素》美国

ISSN:1056-9014,1992年创刊,全年6期,John Wiley出版社,刊载研究有毒天然产物的发现、离析、鉴别和特性的原始论文,并论述这些毒物对人类健康、环境以及经济和社会问题的影响。涉及与天然毒物相关的生物化学、生物合成、化学、流行病学、免疫学、新陈代谢、营养学、药理学和病理生理学。

O Ocean & Coastal Management《海洋与海岸管理》英国

ISSN:0964-5691,1988年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.337,2003年EI收录58篇。刊载海洋与海岸线管理的理论探讨、分析与实用研究文章,涉及海洋与海岸自然环境、资源开发与利用、资源管理与保护法规等。

P Population and Environment《人口与环境》荷兰

ISSN:0199-0039,1978年创刊,全年6期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SSCI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子0.308。探讨人口与社会环境、文化环境和自然环境之间的关系,涉及生活方式、法律、卫生、商业、经济和国际关系等。

Paddy and Water Environment《水环境》德国

ISSN: 1611-2490,2003年创刊,全年4期,Springer-Verlag出版社。

R Remote Sensing of Environment《环境遥感》美国

ISSN:0034-4257,1969年创刊,全年20期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子2.641,2003年EI收录192篇。刊载遥感科学与技术在地球资源勘探和环境监测领域应用的理论与实践成果。读者为地质、地理、制图、农林、海洋、水源和环境的科研专家。 Resources, Conservation and Recycling《资源、保护与重复利用》荷兰

ISSN:0921-3449,1987年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.618,2003年EI收录64篇。内容涉及从各种废料回收物资与能,自然资源管理,节能材料的产品设计与制造,有关的研究方法与工艺技术,有关的政策、法律与社会问题等。刊载研究论文、评论及研究简讯,兼载书评、会议论文提要等。

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology《管制毒理学与药理学》美国

ISSN:0273-2300,1981年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.440。在社会对人类健康和环境保护日益关注的情况下,本刊将通过反映公众舆论、科学数据和研究进展来为毒理和药理研究规章的科学方面与法律方面搭一桥梁。论述法规的制定及其科学依据。

Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology《环境科学与生物工艺学评论》荷兰 ISSN:1569-1705,2002年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版。

Ruian Journal of Ecology《俄罗斯生态学杂志》荷兰

ISSN:1067-4136,1970年创刊,全年6期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版, SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.148。俄罗斯与拉脱维亚合办期刊《生态学》Эκология的英文翻译版。

Regional Environmental Change《地区性环境变化》德国

ISSN:1436-3798,1999年创刊,全年4期,Springer-Verlag出版社。从自然与社会方面反映在全球性变化背景下不同的区域范围内人和自然系统的相互影响。

S Science of The Total Environment《整体环境科学》荷兰

ISSN:0048-9697,1972年创刊,全年52期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.455,2003年EI收录344篇。刊载环境规划与政策,化学和其它科学技术在治理环境中的应用,空气、水、土壤污染及其控制等方面的研究论文。

Sealing Technology《密封技术》英国

ISSN:1350-4789,1994年创刊,全年12期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,涉及密封技术的各个方面,包括创新设计、新材料、工业应用、环境保护及标准等问题。

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin《泄漏科技通报》英国

ISSN:1353-2561,1994年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.641。刊载石油、化学制品和其他危险物质在海上和陆地泄漏控制的科学技术,以及与之相关的政策与管理方面的研究论文、评论、技术札记和简讯等。

Social Indicators Research《社会水准研究》荷兰

ISSN:0303-8300,1974年创刊,全年14期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SSCI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子0.398。刊载研究人类生活水平与环境卫生、住房、精神与物质生活、社会道德、政治、经济、教育、宗教、科学、技术、文化、艺术和社会福利等方面关系问题的文章和考察报告。

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Aement (SERRA)《随机环境研究与风险评估》德国,

ISSN:1436-3240,1987年创刊,全年6期,Springer-Verlag出版社。SCI收录期刊,SCI 2002年影响因子 0.519。刊载水文学与水力学中的随机过程理论及其应用方面的研究论文、评论和简讯,涉及水文学和水利学中的随机微分方程、参数估计和识别法、实时水文预测、随机控制和规划、随机环境下污染迁移、波动问题、随机扰动模型、随机边界层问题等。

System Dynamics Review《系统动力学:系统动力学会志》英国

ISSN:0883-7066,1985年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,SSCI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子0.500。探讨在社会、技术、管理和环境方面应用动态系统的展望与方法,涉及动态反馈系统的数学模型和计算机摸拟、信息反馈和因果研究的政策分析方法、动态系统在社会和自然科学理论建设中的贡献等。

Sustainable Development《可持续发展》英国

ISSN:0968-0802,1993年创刊,全年4期,John Wiley出版社,SSCI收录期刊,SSCI 2003年影响因子0.262。有关全球、国家、地区可持续发展战略研究的跨学科期刊,涉及环境管理、公平发展等问题。EayStar.com

T Toxicology《毒理学》爱尔兰

ISSN:0300-483X,1973年创刊,全年33期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子2.061。发表研究论文与评论,探讨化合物(如食品添加剂、药物、农药、饲料添加剂)应用对人和动物机体组织的影响,以及与毒物有关的流行病学等方面的问题。

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology《毒理学与应用药理学》美国

ISSN:0041-008X,1959年创刊,全年24期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子2.851。研究化学品、药物和天然产物对人和动物的组织、结构或机能的影响。对毒理和病理损害进行生理、生化、细胞和分子分析,并提出解决方法。

Toxicology in Vitro《体外毒理学》英国

ISSN:0887-2333,1987年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.642。刊载利用体外技术测定化学药物的毒性和解释其活动的机理方面的研究论文与评论。偏重于对人与动物具有危害性的化学药物的研究。

Toxicology Letters《毒理学快报》爱尔兰

ISSN:0378-4274,1994年创刊,全年24期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子2.224。刊载哺乳动物毒理学领域研究成果的简报和短评。

U Urban Ecosystems《都市生态系统》荷兰 ISSN:1083-8155,1997年创刊,全年4期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,刊载都市生态体系、环境保护以及与此有关的城市规划等方面的专题文章。

W Waste Management《废物管理》英国

ISSN:0956-053X,1979年创刊,全年8期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子1.088,2003年EI收录105篇。刊载核、化学、生物和城市废物,包括放射性废物和废铀的处理,对环境的影响以及经济和法律等方面的论文和简报。

Waste Management & Research《废物处理与研究》英国

ISSN:0734-242X,1983年创刊,全年6期,Elsevier Science出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.462,2003年EI收录62篇。对城市和工业固体废物的清除、收集、处理进行综合研究。包括基础理论、工程技术、管理、财政、规划等方面,注重实际问题的解决。

Water, Air, and Soil Pollution《水、空气与土壤污染》荷兰

ISSN:0049-6979,1971年创刊,全年36期,KluwerAcdemic出版社出版,SCI、EI收录期刊,SCI 2003年影响因子0.883,2003年EI收录218篇。刊载物理和生物过程对植物、空气、水和土壤的影响等环境污染方面的理论与实验研究论文,涉及水源、输送、沉积、蓄水器、控制、减轻酸雨、大气污染、重金属、水污染、废水、污水、农药、土壤污染、污水沉淀等,兼载会议录。

第13篇:读《鲁滨孙漂流记》英文有感

读《鲁滨孙漂流记》有感

In retrospect this is the second time I have read the book of Robinson Crusoe, but this time I was on the book had a deeper understanding.

Once again after I read Robinson Crusoe comprehension to the road of the life cannot meet difficulty is a sigh, should face difficulties partys more optimistic, don\'t take anything so absolutely, want to look for something to solve problems, like Robinson as though scandal-ridden island that don\'t sit sigh risk ang, but make full use of their own minds and hands, build the domicile, planting crops, domestication and livestock, manufacturing utensils, sewing clothes and put on a desert island transformed into sleek, flourishing home.Just like in the found a savage of the time just start hurry-scurry, but finally he composure to his courage and wisdom and Friday fought together, and beat back wildmen, it also reflects one meets as hard as calm to deal with will be a solution, for people like a seed he will try to break through mud to feel the warmth of the sun, when he undergoes late hardship looking back, he is already flourishing trees, dame in our journey should not stay in situ, want time thinking about tomorrow will be better if I work hard, so it does not satisfy the present situation and since due to lose.

Crusoe and is considered \"agent\".He is keen on sailing, not because of any romantic pursuit, but completely to economic interests.He was sent on the island, a few words of money usele regrets, but said after the coin and immediately see one another, and finally collected money does not fall back England.

In his view, the non-economic social relations and the activity is secondary, he was pirates captured was agitating for pirates slaves with the little boy carrizo made fled together, and promised to make him a \"great\".However, once the runaway succe again someone out a good price, he only slightly by hesitation, slightly bargain took the children sold.He later in the desolate island saved one native, give him the name \"Friday\", then logical to take him as a servant.From these seems a person to also want to exist some interests concept also requires some economic mind, can tell what favorable for yourself what harmful cannot be complacent have something to do some long-term plans to some more insurance.

The most exciting, encyclopedia of the most unforgettable is Crusoe on a desert island experiences, the author USES the first person and vividly lifelike details the fictional scene writes makes people like personally commonly, make the story has a strong sense of reality.In addition, the language of the novel natural and smooth, text easy-to-read, this also reflects Defoe novel a feature of a full-length works seem to in to the readers about a wonderful story, this is what this novel charm.

第14篇:读秘密花园英文读后感

《秘密花园》差不多是疗伤童话,它可以把那脾气暴躁的小女孩改变成活泼可爱的小女孩。 本文为大家整理了读秘密花园英文读后感,仅供参考!

篇1:读秘密花园英文读后感

\"Secret garden\" is a novel.The author is Ron Sis, the most famous American writer of literature in the late nineteenth Century.Hodgson? Burnett.Burnett was born in Manchester, England in 1849, and the family immigrated to the United States in 1865.

Burnett loved gardening since she was a child, and the garden is a place she often writes.In 1909, it was her garden in Long Island, New York, which inspired her to create the most succeful work in her life, the secret garden.The story tells of Marie, a British little girl who lost his parents.Len Nakos, in her adopted uncle manor house, heard that a ten years nobody in the secret garden.Later, she met a gardener named this? West J, and a mockingbird.The mockingbird directed the keys and doors of the secret garden to Marie, which led to a series of twists and turns of wonderful stories.The contact with nature makes the selfish and irascible Marie become a lively and cheerful girl, and together with the farm boy Dikn, the long lost secret garden has turned into a beautiful garden.Help the sick manor withdrawn Colin master back to health and self-confidence.In the end, the children reaped the precious friendship and made the garden and its owners reborn.

\"Secret garden\" is almost a fairy tale, and it can change the hot - Grumpy little girl into a lively, lovely little girl.Before I finished reading this book, I didn\'t write it until Marie found the secret garden.I thought the book was boring! I can see it in the back and I can\'t get it off.This book also proves the fact that nature and a beautiful mind are precious to each of us.We also want to protect the environment and make the gra carpets full of flowers.

篇2:读秘密花园英文读后感

Have you ever heard of the book \"secret garden\"? It is a very famous book on the list of famous Chinese and foreign books.The author of this book is the American writer Burnett.

This book is mainly about Marie was born in India, Marie is a very strange temper girl, her parents died of the plague, she was sent to Uncle Craven home, living there.That night, he heard the cries from the other room, she was very curious, in second days, the room came a cry, Marie mother went and found Colin, they both have strange temper, they became friends.Marie ran to the garden and found Ben Witherstav, and a red candied thrush.The red candied thrush gave directions to Marie, and let her find the key of the secret garden and enter the secret garden.He also came to help Marie things, Colin can not help but want to go to the secret garden, in the secret garden, playing Marie and Dickon and Colin every day in the secret garden, is considered the lame Colin strong, stood up, and can go very well.

What is most memorable to me in this book is that Susan Sowerby said, \"the earth is like an orange, the orange does not belong to anyone.\" Everyone can have a corner that belongs to him.If you want to have the whole orange, even the belt flesh is ridiculous --.If you do, it may not even have no seeds, and the seeds are bitter, not eat.\" The meaning of this sentence is to think of the earth as an orange, and the oranges do not belong to you, me, and any of him.Everyone will own their own land.If you want to get the whole oranges, it\'s ridiculous.If you fight for the whole oranges, it will probably lead you to a usele land.This is a philosophy of life, and the power of one is no longer the whole of the orange.We tell people not proud, do not think that their own money on the self, the heart not thinking of others, engage in individualism.

Magic is hidden in your heart.If you have a solid belief in your heart, the magic hidden in your heart will appear.This is what the idea is coming from mind, and your mind will become a reality.

篇3:读秘密花园英文读后感

Recently, I read the book \"secret garden\", the plot and content of the book deeply attracted me.

There is no gorgeous statements, no excitement, with great eloquence of the plot, only those simple and understandable language, ordinary yet touching story.But after reading this book, I seem to have gone through life again, a deeper understanding of the value and significance of life.

The book tells of a spoiled India girl, Marie, who came to a mysterious manor in England for some unexpected changes.There, she spent many interesting, new, exciting days, and experienced a lot of strange and mysterious things.A lot of personalities have been made...Finally, she opened was not only has long been the \"secret garden\", and cure the owner of the estate of Mr.Craven, master Colin serious heart disease, while Marie himself was the experience of cure their bad habits, arrogant, arrogant, egoistic, not any human heart.

The book takes Marie and the \"secret garden\" as the center to fully explain what human nature is and what life is.Life, its meaning and value is alive; after all, a person\'s succe again, cause in the large, do not know the real value of life, everything is futile; on the contrary, a person can see through life, see the true meaning of life, open heart, no worries, so succe large or small property or failure, what are the clouds.Just like Craven and Colin in books, they can only immerse themselves in the past, unable to, or dare not to face reality.Is that the meaning of life?

But at the end of the book, an old garden, full of dust, solved everything.Why? The \"magic\", \"magic\" can, in fact, the \"secret garden\" is the key that unlocks the lock key people.

第15篇:英文求职自我介绍【荐读】

去面试外企的时候一定需要用英文来进行自我介绍,下面一起去看看小编为你整理的英文求职自我介绍模板,希望大家喜欢!

英文求职自我介绍模板1

good morning.i am glad to be here for this interview.first let me introduce myself.my name is ***, 24.i come from ******,the capital of *******province.i graduated from the ****** department of *****university in july ,XX.in the past two years i have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while i have been teaching *****in no.****middle school and i was a head-teacher of a cla in junior grade two.now all my hard work has got a result since i have a chance to be interview by you.

i am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.in my spare time,i have broad interests like many other youngers.i like reading books, especially those about ****.frequently i exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.in addition ,during my college years,i was once a net-bar technician.so, i have a comparative good command of network application.i am able to operate the computer well.i am skillful in searching for information in internet.i am a football fan for years.italian team is my favorite.anyway,i feel great pity for our country\'s team.

i always believe that one will easily lag behind unle he keeps on learning .of course, if i am given a chance to study ****** in this famous university,i will stare no effort to master a good command of advance.

英文求职自我介绍模板2

hello!i was a senior at jilin university, students going into the community, i was full of expectation for the future.i believe, \"well begun is half done\" (good beginning is half the succe).i hope your company is the starting point for my succe that i can, together with your company to create a brilliant tomorrow.

i was born in the border town of scenic rivers -- riverside.outstanding performances in 1997, i admitted to the jilin university school of economics and management, and thus opened a new chapter in my life.school claes since i have been secretary of the corporation, not only the heavy workload of my job training and tempering,i have the ability to solve problems more tempered, i can calmly analyze the problems faced and thoughtful.and all of this to my profeional choice will have a profound impact.i do our own work, the school also took an active part in the various activities, and to encourage students to participate,for their advice; in daily life, i was able to closely unite students, i believe that a collective effort is a powerful,only when we engage in, we can all work.the socialist modernization drive is comprehensive quality management talento i learn profeional knowledge, the main english and computers, in english, i cultivation my hearing, said,reading, writing ability; in the computer, i start from the basic knowledge, and further understand the function of the office,internet also studied the basic knowledge can be used flexibly.end profeional after the election, in order to broaden their knowledge, i also participated in the study and computerized accounting.mastered the basic application and excel and other accounting software applications.to make their profeional knowledge to mastery learning, i read a textbook case of the mba,such as strategic management, corporate governance, financial management and capital operation, and to use their training to work.\"with love width of the sea, the days of his career,\" i hope that your company can give me a chance to display his talent.i will work hard, study hard expertise to the company to live up to my expectations.

英文求职自我介绍模板3

Good morning.It\'s a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself.My name is Jennifer Wong, and I am a candidate for the position of Overseas Sales Representative.

My background and work experience are tailor-made for this position.I studied marketing as an undergrad here in Taiwan, and in 1985, I received my MBA from the University of Texas School of Busine.For five years now, I have utilized my skills and knowledge as the Aistant Director of Exports for Magic Kitchen Supplies.

Action Appliances is a forward-looking company.I am aware that you are expanding into new markets, particularly in the U.S.Thus you are going to need aggreive, take-charge sales representatives.At Magic Kitchen, during my five years there, we expanded our U.S.market share by 25%.This is just one example of my ability to go out there and sell products.

A position with your company would be both a learning experience and a great opportunity.I look forward to becoming part of the Action team.Thank you.

英文求职自我介绍模板4

good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.

now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have paed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progre since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, me, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.

i gue you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i wont give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my clamates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride.

第16篇:Environmental problems(环境问题)英文作文

Environmental problems

Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.There are so many pollutions and natural disasters in the world.Pollution is, in fact, threatening our existence.

The city is our home.Air and water affect everyone.So we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.First,more and more people should concern about the environmental problems,such as teachers, students and city builders.Then,the giving off of the poisonous gas should be limited by factories.Finally, in order to seek benefits,some businemen pollute the environment.Measures should been taken to cope with these problems by the government.So laws should been paed to stop pollution.I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.

环艺四班 张婧

41106022221

第17篇:环境科学专业求职英文自荐信

Environmental Science job written submiions template for reference only.

Dear leaders:

Hello!

Your trust is my motivation!

My name is xxx, graduated from the Heilongjiang University, Environmental Science.Common institutions, common but I hate to have an ordinary heart.

I, self-confidence, optimism, courage to meet all challenges.Although this is only an ordinary graduates, but the young is my capital, fighting is my nature, and strive to be my responsibility, I firmly believe that succe will be inevitable.

After a four-year temper in the face of future career choices, I have a clearer understanding of their own, since I am in college in the fore a good learning ability, coupled with \"efforts to achieve the best\" in nature Shiran.Four years, I test in both the top cla in the cla of 40 students, I have always maintained good results in the top five, in the year 230, I have always ranked 30 in the school year, indioluble bond with the school has a third-cla scholarship.In the university four years, I also gain a good experiment, I do gymnastics skills, be able to speak to do an independent UV-Vis spectrophotometer, NMR, high performance liquid chromatographs, gas chromatographs, gas chromatography and ma spectrometry and other equipment.But I was not satisfied, because I know that in the university is learning and the accumulation proce, in order to better adapt to future work, but also continue to enrich themselves, participated in the CET, and paed.In the senior year, when better results because of specialized courses have been included in the cla send a list of graduate students, unfortunately, in the cla only four places in the case of security research, I mied with only one-point.

But I know that all the glory and failure has become the past, I will have to face the more challenging future.Heard about your school recruiting profeional environmental science teacher, I take the liberty to vote their own job resume, Han Chuang studying so hard for four years gave me a solid theoretical knowledge, experimental skills and communication skills to do gymnastics, although I am just an ordinary bachelor\'s degree health, but four years of college taught me what \"life-long learning\", I believe, in my ongoing efforts to study hard, I will certainly capable of this noble profeion, through my words and deeds, for the motherland will foster environmental area profeionals.

Have always been convinced, \"Inf\" My life motto is \"Life in the ground does not claim what was.\" Give me a chance, I will fulfill their duties.

Only one person to have good input into the society in order to enable self-worth can be achieved.Others do not want to do, I will be duty-bound to do a good job; someone else can do, I will make every effort to do even better! play to their advantages, I would like to work together with colleagues in your organization to create brilliant!

Thank you for your busy schedule to finish my job personal statement, sincere wish flourishing!

Sincerely

Salute

Zijian by: ***

*** Year *** *** On Day

第18篇:英文求职简历环境科学专业

Dear Sir or Madame,

I have had the distinct pleasure of having Yan Zheng as a student in my claes in the *** University.It is with great pleasure that I write to recommend Yan Zheng to you.I have known Yan Zheng for the past four years and have had the pleasure of having him in my Environmental Quality Accement cla as an undergraduate.In the cla he was one of the most outstanding students.I also found him good at other studies, such as Environment management, Environmental Information System and Environmental Monitoring.After claes, he had personal talks with me many times.He indicated a great interest in environmental management.During that time I found him to be a bright, diligent, friendly young boy.Besides, Yan Zheng is a team player.His ability to work with his clmates is a special quality that will benefit him as he moves on to the next level.Throughout the year, he worked cooperatively with those seated around him in reviewing notes, going over poible examination materials, and working through some of the more difficult concepts.Through his contributions to my cla, the promiing young boy helped not only himself, but also others around him who were not progreing and improving as quickly as he could.Yan Zheng is undoubtedly a student with the potential for great succe at the next level.

what imprees me most is his good performation during the Pollution Source Research in countryside, Changtai county.I find he is not afraid of hard work.

In my opinion, Yan Zheng is positive, optimistic and has a good thought in mind,which can be helpful to his further study and he is sure to make rapid progre in the next level study.so I enthusistically recommend him for admiion to your university.

If you have any questions or concerns in regards to Yan Zheng, please feel free to contact me.Thank you for your time.

Sincerely,

***

Chemistry and Environment Science Department

第19篇:环境科学专业求职英文自荐信

环境科学专业求职英文自荐信

Environmental Science job written submiions template for reference only.

Dear leaders:

Hello!

Your trust is my motivation!

My name is xxx, graduated from the Heilongjiang University,

Environmental Science.Common institutions, common but I hate to have an ordinary heart.

I, self-confidence, optimism, courage to meet all challenges.Although this is only an ordinary graduates, but the young is my

capital, fighting is my nature, and strive to be my responsibility, I firmly believe that succe will be inevitable.

After a four-year temper in the face of future career choices, I have a clearer understanding of their own, since I am in college in the fore a good learning ability, coupled with \"efforts to achieve the best\" in nature Shiran.Four years, I test in both the top cla in the cla of 40 students, I have always maintained good results in the top five, in the year 230, I have always ranked 30 in the school year, indioluble bond with the school has a third-cla scholarship.In the university four years, I also gain a good experiment, I do gymnastics skills, be able to speak to do an independent UV-Vis spectrophotometer, NMR, high performance liquid chromatographs, gas chromatographs, gas chromatography and ma spectrometry and other equipment.But I was not satisfied, because I know that in the university is learning and the accumulation proce, in order to

better adapt to future work, but also continue to enrich themselves, participated in the CET, and paed.In the senior year, when better results because of specialized courses have been included in the cla send a list of graduate students, unfortunately, in the cla only four places in the case of security research, I mied with only one-point.

But I know that all the glory and failure has become the past, I will have to face the more challenging future.Heard about your

school recruiting profeional environmental science teacher, I take the liberty to vote their own job resume, Han Chuang studying so hard for four years gave me a solid theoretical knowledge, experimental skills and communication skills to do gymnastics, although I am just an ordinary bachelor\'s degree health, but four years of college

taught me what \"life-long learning\", I believe, in my ongoing efforts to study hard, I will certainly capable of this noble profeion, through my words and deeds, for the motherland will foster

environmental area profeionals.

Have always been convinced, \"Inf\" My life motto is \"Life in the ground does not claim what was.\" Give me a chance, I will fulfill their duties.

Only one person to have good input into the society in order to enable self-worth can be achieved.Others do not want to do, I will be duty-bound to do a good job; someone else can do, I will make every effort to do even better! Play to their advantages, I would like to work together with colleagues in your organization to create brilliant!

Thank you for your busy schedule to finish my job personal statement, sincere wish flourishing!

Sincerely

Salute

Zijian by: ***

*** Year *** *** On Day

第20篇:经济与环境英文小论文

The thesis is about the conflict between economy and the environment.Nowadays, the flourish of economy brings great impacts on the environment, and that is a complicated problem which needs to be solved.Since the first industrial revolution, some countries have achieved their economic goals at the expense of destroying the environment.Unfortunately, developing countries are eager to follow the same old disastrous road in order to improve the life standard of their citizens.In 2009, the United Nations Climate Change Conference tried to mediate this problem between developed countries and developing countries.This conference put forward that the developed countries and developing countries shall share the responsibility for damaging the environment.There will be le natural resources for the future generations because they are consumed at a large amount.According to Chinanews, the annual consumption of natural resources will amount to 140 billion tons by the year 2050 which is out of the earth’s bearable load.In that situation, human will be a kind of smug and use the mighty high technology to synthetize different things instead of the natural ones.So it is poible that people in future will have to live in a boring world which is constructed by high technology materials.The conflict between economy and environment has remained for many years, but people can try to establish a harmony relationship between them.It is for human’s benefit to protect the environment while developing the economy.

Esther

环境英文怎么读
《环境英文怎么读.doc》
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑,方便编辑。
推荐度:
点击下载文档
相关专题
点击下载本文文档