自考英语范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：自考英语写作

Enquiries and Replies

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 2.2 Samples 例文Letter 1 General Enquiry and Reply一般询价和回复(Enquiry) Gentlemen: We learn from ABC & Co．Ltd., New York that you are a leading exporter in your country.We are, at present, very much interested in importing your goods and would appreciate your sending us catalogues, sample books or even samples if poible.

 Please give us detailed information on CIF Guangzhou prices, discounts, and terms of payment.

 We hope this will be a good start for a long and profitable busine relations. Truly yours，

 (Reply)

 Gentlemen：

 We welcome you for your enquiry of March 21 and thank you for your interest in our

export commodities.

We are enclosing some copies of our illustrated catalogues and a price list giving the

details you ask for．Also under separate cover, we are sending you some samples which will show you clearly the quality and craftsmanship.We trust that when you see them you will agree that our products appeal to the most selective buyer.We allow a proper discount according to the quantity ordered．

As to the terms of payment we usually require Letter of Credit payable by sight draft．  Thank you again for your interest in our products．We are looking forward to your order

and you may be aured that it will receive our prompt and careful attention．

 Truly yours,

 Note: allow (or；give, make, grant)…％discount off (on) the prices of goods

按货价给予……％的折扣

 If you order 5，000 sets, we would grant you 10％discount．

如果你方能订购5 000台，我们将给予10％的折扣。

We give 10％discount for cash payment．现金付款，我们予以九折优待。 at a discount低于正常价格；打折扣；(货物无销路)

The goods are selling at a discount．该货正以低价销售。

 appeal (to)vi．有吸引力，有感染力

appeal to the most selective buyer吸引最挑剔的买主

Letter of Credit payable by sight draft即期信用证，也可以说L／C available by sight

draft

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 Meanwhile please quote us your lowest price,C.I.F.Vancouver, inclusive of our 5%

commiion, stating the earliest date of shipment.

 请报你方CIF温哥华最低价，包括我方5%佣金，并说明你公司最早的发货日期。  Should your price be found competitive and delivery date acceptable, we intend to place a

large order with you.

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 We trust you will give us an early reply.

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 Yours faithfully,

 Enquiry for Digital Cameras

 Gentlemen:

 We are interested in buying large quantities of Digital Cameras in different brands.We

would be obliged if you would give us a favorable quotation CIF Shenzhen, China.

 It would also be appreciated if you could forward samples and your price list to us.

 We used to purchase these products from other sources.We may now prefer to buy from

your company because we understand that you are

 able to supply large quantities at more attractive prices.In addition, we have confidence

in the quality of your products.

 We look forward to hearing from you soon.

 Kindest regards.

 Yours truly,

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 Reply

 Gentlemen:

 We warmly welcome your enquiry of July 15 and thank you for your interest in our

digital cameras.

 We are enclosing our illustrated catalogue and pricelist giving the details you ask for.As

for the payment terms, we usually require confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit payable by draft at sight.

 We have already sold some of those cameras to China and are now represented there by

the XX Import & Export Ltd., Beijing.May we suggest that you contact the company directly? We think the firm may supply you with more details of our cameras.We feel confident that you will find the goods are both excellent in quality and very reasonable in price.

 With best regards.

 Yours sincerely,

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补充句子：

 1.We are interested in the mechanical toys demonstrated at the recent Guangzhou Trade

Fair and should be glad to have details of your export terms．

 我们对你们最近在广州交易会上展列的机械玩具感兴趣，请详告你们的出口条件。  2.We sell various kinds of furniture in the Philippines．Please quote best price CFR

Manila for your furniture and tell us the earliest poible date of delivery．

 我们在菲律宾销售各类家具。请报你方家具最优惠的成本加运费到马尼拉价，并告

知最早交货期。

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 3.We should appreciate it if you would let us know what discount you may grant us if we

place an order for 20,000 pieces．

 如蒙告知，倘若我方订购20 000件，你方能给予多少折扣，将不胜感激。 4.To enable you to have better understanding of our Hard-ware，we are sending you by

air parcel post a selection of their representative samples for your scrutiny．Your early comments will be highly appreciated．

 为使你方更好地了解我方的五金产品，今选出代表性的样品包裹航寄你方供你方细

阅。如能早日回复将不胜感5.Under separate cover, we are sending you one sample pad for the synthetic fabric dre materials we are exporting at present．We hope some of the designs and colours will prove to your liking.

 另行寄上我方目前出口的合成纤维衣料布样，希望某些花样及颜色使你方喜欢。 6.All quotations are subject to our final confirmation.Unle otherwise stated or agreed

upon, all prices are net without commiion．

 所有报价以我方最后确认为准。除非另有规定或经双方同意，所有价格都是不含佣

金的净价。

 激。

 7.We would also like to know the minimum export quantities per colour and per design． 我们还想了解各类商品的每种颜色和花样的最低出口起售量。

 8.We would like to mention that if your price is attractive and delivery date acceptable,

we shall place our order with you immediately.

 如果你方价格优惠，发货日期合理，我方将马上下订单。

推荐第2篇：自考 学位英语

学位英语范文：保护环境

英语作文 2010-04-01 13:53:24 阅读222 评论0 字号：大中小

例文1：

The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction.Bird flu and Sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our life.Besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather.Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it.First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of \"sustainable development\", and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our government has been doing.What\' s more, every citizen should realize the seriousne of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment.In addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment.

关于环境保护的

我们生活的世界正变得越来越难以忍受,因为对环境的破坏.禽流感和SARS的是两个典型的例子,对环境的破坏,可能危及自己的生命.此外,森林破坏,水和空气污染导致减少种植业土地及不愉快的天气.严重的问题,看来,我们可以得出一些措施来对付它.首先,当局应该采取的政策是\"可持续发展\" , 法律和有

关环保工作应该要付诸实施,执法不严,正如我国政府一直在做的事.

何况, 每个公民都应该明白问题的严重性,并共同努力,为保护我们的环境.此外,植树有利于改善和美化环

境.例文2

To everyone on our planet,

Over the past years, floods, droughts, landslides, and dust-storms have frequented our planet, the only habitat of human beings.Several days ago, tsunami(海啸) has swept the Southeast Asia, which has

caused enormous damage.All these have sounded an alarm to human beings.

The destruction which is caused by human beings has aroused people’s concern all over the world.If we pay no heed to the present destructive human activities, our planet will become of tomb instead of cozy home.What’s more, we should realize that only from our planet can we obtain our sheltering, food, cloth

and so forth.

Counter-measures must be taken to curb the destruction caused by human beings.Most importantly,

laws must be established to punish those who are involved in destructive conducts.

Sincerely Yours

例文3

The environmental protection is the most major problem which in the modern life the humanity faces.Must solve this problem must start from foundation.First must maively propagandize enhances people\'s consciousne with understanding strengthens the environmental protection consciousne.Next must carry on waste recovery use reduces to forest-tree\'s felling.Also must strengthen to white pollution proceing little uses the plastic product.Finally must make improvement to clean aspect.Causes the city\'s appearance to be neater.For Earth\'s tomorrow we must start from the now diligently will want the well local constable to protect the environment.To this us proposes as follows suggests: Implementation trash claification packed in bags.Like this not only can reduce the environmental sanitation worker\'s work load but also can even better basically arrive makes use of waste to reduce the

pollution saves the resources.

例文4

Protect environment(环境保护)

The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and complicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially.Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in

pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and

accumulated in environment.Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks.So we will develop and improve a

new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city

environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.

例文5

Protection of the Environment

Once man did not have to think about the protection of his environment.There were few people on the

earth, and natural resources seemed to be unlimited.

Today things are different.The world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural

resources,and polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this, human life

on earth will not survive.

We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left.Yet,with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are caught.We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will

disappear.Yet, we continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more trees.We see that if

rivers are polluted with waste products, we will die.Yet, waste products are still put into rivers.

We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years, there won\'t be enough

food.What can we do to solve these problems?

If we eat more vegetables and le meat, there will be more food available.Land for crops feeds five

times more people than land where animals are kept.

Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie them.

The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control.

Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a better and cleaner planet in the

future.

保护环境

过去，人们不必担心保护环境的问题。因为那时地球上人口稀少，自然资源似乎取之不尽。

如今，一切都改变了。世界变得拥挤异常。我们正在耗尽我们的自然资源，有毒化学制品的使用也正污染

着环境。如果我们继续这样下去，地球上的生命将不复存在。

我们都知道如果从海里捕捉太多的鱼，海里就不会再有鱼了。但是，现代化的捕鱼技术使得捕鱼量越来越大。我们都知道如果砍伐太多的树木，森林就会消失。但是，我们仍旧使用强大的机械砍伐越来越多的树木。我们都知道如果河水被废弃物污染的话，我们只有死路一条。但是废弃物仍然源源不断地进入河里 我们知道，人口继续照现在这个速度增长的话，不出几年，就会发生食物短缺。我们该如何解决这些问题

呢?

如果我们多吃蔬菜，少吃肉类的话，我们就会有更多的食物。因为同样大小的土地如果种庄稼的话会比养

殖动物多养活五倍多的人。

如果我们学会再利用的话，自然资源就能持续更久。

如果人们使用现代化的生育控制方法，世界人口就不会增长如此迅猛。

最后，如果我们能够教育人们都意识到这些问题的话，未来我们就会有一个更好、更洁净的星球。

例文6

关于环境保护的话题

Our environment is very important for our lives .（我们的环境对我们的生活是很重要的） We need the fresh air, the clean water and so on .（我们需要清新的空气，清洁的水等等）In the past, there were many trees around us ,the air was fresh and the river was clean.（在过去，我们的周围有许多树木，空气是清新的，河流是干净的）But now,people cut down many trees and air pollution,water polloution is very serious .（但是现在，人们砍伐了很多树木，空气污染和水污染也是很严重的。） The environment around us becomes very terrible .（我们四周的空气变得很糟糕） We should protect our environment.（我们应该保护我们的环境） First, we should plant many trees to keep water.（第一，为了保持水份我们应该多种树）Second , we can ride a bike or walk to the school and work.（第二。我们要骑自行车或步行去上学或上班）Third , we shouldn’t throw the dirty water into the river .（第三，我样不应该把垃圾扔进河里） Fourth, we shouldn’t use the plastic bags.（第四，我们不应该使用塑料袋） Finally, we can ask more

people to join us.（最后，我们要让更多的人加入我们的行列）

Let’s protect our environment!（让我们来保护环境吧）

例文7

In modern society, we tend to become more and more aware of our living environment or physical environment, because we is not clean as before.So many people now choose their house as to its environm

ent but not its location and expenses to afford it.

As we all know, the environment pollution is more and more serious during these years, what we could d

o is to make great efforts in protecting environment gradually.

As to government pollution, as to common people.We also try to protect it and make it remain clean.Although we have managed to protect the environment to a certain extent.It is still a very long way to go

.

中文大意：）~~

在现代社会，我们越来越趋向于关注，我们的生活环境和自然环境，因为我们已认识到我们周围的环境已

不像以前那么干净了，现在许多人买房看的是它的环境而不是它的位置地点及负担费用。

众所周知，这些年环境污染越来越严重，我们所能做的是尽全力保护环境，作为政府，已分布了一些法律

禁止环境污染，而作为普通的人们，则是尽力保护它，让它保持清洁。

虽然我们已无法去保护环境，而环境已破坏到了一定程度，但是还是有一段长的路要走。

例文8

When the enviroment is mentioned,a beautiful view will arise in my mind:white clouds flying acro the blue sky,green graplot sprinkied with colorful flowers and small animals playing happily among the

trees...So amazing,but it is so far from us .Now the world has become crowded ,forests are

dispearing,rivers are polluting with dangerous chemical,lovely birds lo their warm houses...My dear friends ,we must wake up and do something to change it __in better ways ! Saving the recource ,the batteries,the aged newspapers ,the empty gla bottles,we will claify them,then put them in different trash bins ;when we shopping ,we will bring nylon bags instead of plastic bags ;making the best use of nature light and shut off the electrical light conveniently...All in all,we should start from every little thing around us .Come on ,my dear friends ,with this new start ,I firmly believe ,that we will live in a brand new age of green trees ,clean air ,crystal water ,blue sky and more promising world!Of course ,the fairy of

nature--- graceful swans will come back to us and live with us forever !

一说到环境，我的脑海中就会浮现一幅美丽的场景：湛蓝的天空中白云朵朵，嫩绿的草地上花儿缤纷，就连小动物们都在树丛间快乐的嬉戏玩耍，多么迷人的画面啊，而它却离我们好远。现在的世界变得拥挤不堪，森林不见了，小河被危险的化学物质污染了，可爱的小鸟也失去了那温暖的小窝。亲爱的朋友们，我们得觉醒了，让我们做些事情来使一切变得更好吧。让我们珍惜能源，将废电池，旧报纸，空的玻璃瓶，都一一归类，放到不同的垃圾桶里。当我们购物的时候，请自带尼龙袋而不是塑料袋。请利用自然之光吧，不用时自觉地关掉电灯。总之，让我们从身边的小事做起。来吧，亲爱的朋友们，从现在开始，我坚信，我们将迎来一个全新的时代：嫩绿的树木，新鲜的空气，清澈的河水，蔚蓝的天空，一个更加光明的未来。

当然，那大自然的精灵，那优雅的白天鹅将一定会回到我们身边，与我们同在。

例文9

The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past century due to the expanding scale of world commercial fishing.There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous number of fish swam freely; in contrast, in 1995 a large fleet of ships were

endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea.

The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the

detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by the greedine of mankind.The industry of

commercial fishing had undergone a booming expansion along with the growing public awarene of the merits of seafood, which made fishing unusually profitable.Lacking knowledge regarding the significance of ecological balance, businemen sent out ships that insatiably chased fishes and thus posed a severe threat to all life in the sea.However, this

trend may in turn endanger humankind.

To prevent the exhaustion of ocean resources, governments should unite to work out effective measures against commercial fishing.For instance, there should be limitations on fishing time and location so as to reduce the exploitation of the sea.Moreover, people also call for laws and regulations that are responsible for punishing exceive fishing.Last but not the least, the public attachment to the importance of balance preservation would play a decisive

role in saving ocean species from extinction.

译文：

该图显示出20世纪以来由于全球商业捕鱼业的大规模扩张而导致海洋生态系统的巨大变化。1900年的时候海上只有一艘船，而海里有许许多多鱼儿在自由地遨游；相反，到了1995年，海上有许多渔船，

它们都在努力寻找海里仅剩的一条鱼。

该图所显示出来的巨大反差使我们警醒地意识到人们的贪婪给海洋生态系统造成了巨大的破坏。随着公众意识到了海鲜食品的价值，商业捕鱼也在不断扩张，而且有着十分高的利润率。由于商人们缺少对于生态平衡的认识，他们的渔船无休止地捕鱼，给海洋生物的生存造成了巨大的威胁。但是，这个趋势可能

最终会反过来威胁到人类自己的生存。

为了防止海洋资源的枯竭，各个政府必须联合起来，对商业捕鱼采取有效的措施。例如，为了防止过度捕捞，可以限制捕鱼的时间和地点。此外，人们还呼吁制定更多的法律法规来惩罚过度捕捞。最后，公

众对于保持生态平衡重要性的认识对于拯救濒临灭绝的海洋生物起到了决定性的作用。

闪光词汇及词组：

expanding：adj.扩张的

scale：n.规模

enormous：adj.巨大的，庞大的

search for：寻找

detrimental：adj.有害的

deterioration：n.退化，变坏

along with：与……一起

profitable：adj.有利可图的

insatiably：adv.不知足地

pose a threat to：对……造成威胁

endanger：v.危及

exploitation：n.开发，开采

call for：要求

exceive：adj.过多的，过分的

万能句型：

The picture unveils a drastic change of…

The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us…

Lacking knowledge regarding…

推荐第3篇：自考英语经验

自考英语经验：计划大于一切

2011-10-18 10:36 网络 【大 中 小】【我要纠错】

我的英语自考自学方法归纳起来有四点：

一是尽早计划，二是见缝插针，三是及时复习，四是一鼓作气。

作为一名已经参加工作的自学考生，这种学习方法也是我在不断地总结，不断地调整的

基础上形成的，不会适合每个人，仅此作为一点建议。

在学习过程中，我发现有的课程由于自己没有安排好具体的计划，胸无成竹，或是由于生活琐事或是工作任务的原因，有时会虎头蛇尾，开始时对自己说要如何如何努力，要如何有效率的读书，最后却是草草收场。静下心来，细细想想才发现自学英语是一个需要韧性和耐力远远大于激情和速度改正了浮躁的毛病，我开始在每次考试结束后，就开始准备制订下

一次考试的计划。

在了解大致的章节篇数之后，我会订出要在何时结束课程学习，何时开始复习，何时开始做题。这是一个总打算。除此之外，我还要制订出更详细更具体的计划，具体到一个章节需要多长时间，一天要看多少内容，各门课程在一个月之内如何安排，在一星期之内、一天之内如何安排，总之，尽量详细，尽量具体，把学习进度可行化，当然，一定要留有空隙，给一些自己估计不到的事留出时间，最后，要按照计划切实执行，认真对待，这样既能做到

心中有数，步步为营，也不致于耽误工作或被一些琐事扰乱了全局。

为了使工作学习互不影响，也为了不让计划之外的事情影响学习，我总是见缝插针，抓住一切有限时间学习。有时我会拿不到学习时间为借口偷懒，然而正想集中精神读书时却因为恰恰此时有事而不得不放下书本。所以尽可能提早完成任务而不是不得不拖后，不要等计划的时间，要在事情没到之前就已经完成了计划。还有就是要做学习卡片以便随身携带，能够充分利用零碎时间。这是许多人都建议采纳的一种学习方法，我试着把前一天所记的内容

都记在卡片上第二天在坐车、等车时看看能及时强化记忆。

做学习卡片是一种及时复习的好方法，除此外，每天晚上最好要做一个一天学习的总结，明确自己什么已经记住了，什么还需要第二轮复习，等等。如果没有时间，也要在脑子里把一天所学的知识进行回忆，使每道题从头到尾都有一个很连贯的思路，没有记住的一定要记下来，以便再次巩固。而以前的总结也要随时翻看，这样做看似比较费时，其实为以后的总

复习打下了一个很好的基础。

订计划容易，做起来难。一旦决定照此下去，一定要坚持不懈，一鼓作气，而一旦形成习惯，感觉不会太艰难了。每天早晨6点起床看书是我坚持了10多天而得的习惯，刚刚习惯成自然，可偏偏赶上了过年，几天的吃住在外使得我不得不重新再来。一鼓作气，再而衰，

三而竭。让我们共勉。

推荐第4篇：自考英语6

全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试

英语国家概况试题

课程代码：00522

PART ONE

Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given.Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(40 points, 1 point for each)

1.The Lake District, which is well-known for its beautiful scenery, is located in the _______.

A.South of Scotland

B.Northwest of England

C.North of Wales

D.East of England

2.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War Ⅱ.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and _______.

A.Indonesia

B.Singapore

C.Hong Kong

D.Pakistan

3.As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of _______ in England.

A.grain

B.farm tools

C.houses

D.labour

4.The first steam engine was devised by _______ at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design.

A.Robert Bakewell

B.Thomas Newcomen

C.Jethro Tull

D.Thomas Coke

5.The British Prime Minister\'s official residence is No.10 _______ Street in Landon.

A.Downing

B.Oxford

C.Regent

D.New Bond

6.In the United Kingdom, each member of Parliament represents a _______ , and holds his seat during the life of a parliament.

A.constituency

B.shire

C.borough

D.county

7.The British constitution is made up of the following laws except _______.

A.statute law

B.common law

C.commonwealth law

D.European Community law

8.Under Margaret Thatcher Britain adopted an economic policy of _______.

A.prices and incomes control

B.state intervention

C.high consumption and low investment

D.privatization, deregulation and market liberalization

9.The 1970s saw the growth of _______ in Wales and Scotland.

A.Marxism

B.liberalism

C.nationalism

D.chauvinism

10.Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the _______ of Christ, and is the great est of Christian festivals.

A.birth

B.dreath

C.Crucifixion

D.Resurrection

11.Shakespeare was born at _______ in Warwickshire, England, in 1564.

A.Stoke-on-Trent

B.Stratford-upon-Avon

C.Berwick-upon-Tweed

D.Bradford-on-Avon

12.The most important _______ magazines in Britain are The Economist, New Statesman an and Society, and Spectator.

A.weekly

B.fortnightly

C.monthly

D.quarterly

13._______ are also known as the Continental Divide.

A.The Rocky Mountains

B.The Appalachian Highlands

C.The Coast Mountains

D.The Blue Mountains

14.New Englanders were originally known as _______.

A.Yankees

B.English Puritans

C.German farmers

D.Fishermen from Scandinavia

15.The first English colony was founded at _______.

A.Plymouth

B.the Maachusetts Bay

C.Jamestown

D.New York

16.The United States is the world\'s biggest producer of _______.

A.cotton

B.rice

C.tobacco

D.milk

17.In American history, the Americans went to war against the British _______.

A.only once

B.on two occasions

C.for three times

D.for four times

18.The important decision made at the Second Continental Congre was_______.

A.the establishment of a continental army under the command of George Washington

B.the adoption of the Constitution

C.an appeal to the British king

D.A and B

19.The United States has, in its history, _______.

A.one constitution

B.two constitutions

C.three constitutions

D.one constitution with many amendments

20.The political theory underlining the Declaration of Independence came from _____.

A.Thomas Jefferson

B.George Washington

C.British philosopher John Locke

D.American philosopher John Locke

21.In the United States, the Muckrakers at the turn of the 20th century referred to a group of _______.

A.reform-minded middle-cla people

B.journalists who exposed the dark sides of the society

C.upper-cla profeionals

D.progreive women

22.Which of the following statements is true concerning the district court in the U.S.?

A.Each state has a district court.

B.There is a district court for each state plus one for District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico.

C.There are altogether 89 district courts.

D.There are altogether 91 district courts.

23.The“new basics” in the report“A Nation At Risk” iued in the U.S.refer to _______.

A.English and mathematics

B.science and social studies

C.computer

D.all of the above

24.Specialized institutions in the U.S.offer _______.

A.degrees up to the doctorate

B.only BA degrees

C.BA and MA degrees

D.no degrees

25.Mount Kosciusko, the highest point in Australia, is located in _______.

A.the Blue Mountains

B.the Australian Alps

C.the Snowy Mountains

D.Ayers Rock

26.Australia\'s most famous national park, which used to be known as Ayers Rock, is now called _______ in the Aboriginal language.

A.Uluru

B.Yolngu

C.Anangu

D.Nungga

27.During World War Ⅰ, a special corps of Australian and New Zealand troops called _______ won a reputation for outstanding bravery.

A.Anzacs

B.Anzus

C.Asus

D.Auies

28.The Australian Constitution deals with the following except _______.

A.the composition of the Australian federal government

B.the powers of the federal government

C.the relationship between the federal government and the governments of the States

D.the powers of the Prime Minister

29.In the Australian Federal Parliament _______ often form a coalition in opposition to _______.

A.the Labor Party and the National party/the Liberal Party

B.the Liberal Party and the Labor party/the National Party

C.the Liberal Party and the National party/the Labor Party

D.the Conservative Party and the Democrats/the Labor Party

30.In 1988, Australia celebrated its _______ anniversary of the founding of the first white settlement there.

A.100th

B.150th

C.200th

D.250th

31.The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and_______.

A.the Great lakes

B.the St.Lawrence

C.the Hudson River

D.the Saskatchewan River

32.From 1896 to 1911, Canada was ruled by _______ under Sir Wilfred Laurier.

A.the Liberal Party

B.the Conservative Party

C.the Labour Party

D.the Democratic Party

33.Canada ranks _______ in the world in the production of electricity form water power.

A.first

B.second

C.third

D.fourth

34.Canadian Federal Government was aigned powers in all of the following areas except _______.

A.defense

B.customs and border control

C.currency and coinage

D.education

35.What is the law-making aembly called in Canada\'s Quebec?

A.Legislative Aembly.

B.National Aembly.

C.House of Aembly.

D.House of Legislation.

36.Which of the following best describes the result of Canadian government’s long -held policy of aimilation?

A.It won a popular support acro the country.

B.It proved to be a great succe.

C.It failed in achieving the desired effect.

D.It brought disastrous effect to the Canadian society.

37.The creation of Northern Ireland dates from _______ when the Irish Free State was set up.

A.1916

B.1921

C.1937

D.1994

38.Throughout most of its history, _______ was a major problem that plagued Ireland.

A.emigration

B.population distribution

C.ethnic conflict

D.birth control

39.A New Zealander of European descent is known as a _______.

A.Pakeha

B.Kiwi

C.Pukeko

D.Maori

40.In New Zealand, the seasons are opposite those of the Northern Hemisphere because it lies _______.

A.south of the equator

B.north of the equator

C.east of the equator

D.west of the equator

PART TWO

Ⅱ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points, 3 points for each)

41.Which area in Britain is called the “Silicon Glen”?

42.Which sport is the most typically English?

43.What was Puritanism noted for?

44.What is Hawaii\'s most important industry?

45.How serious was child labor when the Progreive Movement demanded the banning of it?

46.Who was Bob Dylan?

47.When and where did Australia\'s Eureka Stockade take place?

48.What were Canada\'s early industries?

49.What is the head of government in Ireland called?

50.What caused the land disputes between the Maoris and the settlers in New Zealand?

Ⅲ.Explain each of the following terms in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each)

51.The National Health Service

52.Black Thursday of 1929

53.The Flying Doctors

54.The Quebec Act of 1774

Ⅳ.Write between 100-120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)

55.Why was Britain the first country to industrialize

推荐第5篇：自考英语学习心得

付出总有收获

因为家境贫寒，尽管我成绩很好，但还是选择上了一所省城的中专。毕业后，为了圆自己的大学梦，我走进了没有围墙的大学，开始了我的自考之路。

因为英语基础较好，加上对英语有着浓厚的兴趣，我选择了英语专业。周围的同事有的热衷于漂亮的衣服、发型，有的流连在琳琅满目的化妆品中，而我则节衣缩食，将节省下来的钱用来买书，买英语磁带，刻苦学习。也有人曾泼冷水说，又不出国学了也没用，有好几个认识的人学英语，中途都放弃了，太难了。可是我并没有被吓倒，相反我更是不屈不挠的坚持了下来，我想英语是一门国际型语言，一扇窗口，它向我们展示的将是一片广阔的天地，一派新奇的景象，学好它是大有益处的。记得那是很冷的冬天，我提前几天就去熟悉了一下考点位置，可临考前晚却下了厚厚的一场大雪，第二天我早早就起了床，周末的街道冷冷清清，我几经辗转，又冒着凛冽的寒风在雪地里步行了半个多小时后，终于来到了考点，那次缺考的同学很多，我不禁在心里为自己竖起了大拇指。焦急的一个多月后，我迫不及待的查询分数，52分，我的心一下子跌到了谷底，委屈的泪水夺眶而出，考试的严格，读书的枯燥，学习的疲惫，心里的压力，别人异样的眼光，孤军奋战的无助，犹如自考路上的“拦路虎”， 一瞬间象潮水般涌向我。痛定思痛之后，我反省自责，分析原因找不足，我在心里暗暗下定决心，下次一定要考过，这次的失败让我越挫越勇，重新整装待发。我狠下功夫，每天坚持背记单词，增加阅读量，听录音磁带，查询各种学习资料，弥补自己的不足，在实践中积累学习英语的经验和方法，终于在下一次的考试中通过了这门。我在心里对自己说：再苦再累,不要放弃.有付出必有收获! 寒来暑往，朝朝暮暮，时光荏苒。当年青春年少的我，如今已嫁作他人妇，但是唯一没有改变的是我从未想放弃过我的自考，自考已成为我生活中不可缺少的部分。工作的辛苦，持家的劳碌，读书的枯燥，临考复习时的紧张和彷徨，考试时的紧张、兴奋与刺激，上网查询分数时的忐忑与不安，屡次失败的悔恨，一次通过仅剩下两门课程的狂喜……一幕幕在我的脑海里回放。记得那时候孩子很小，又很吵闹，家里有很多的事情要做，因此家人之间也难免会产生矛盾。一天的忙碌过后下班回到家里，我还得操劳家务，还得哄小孩，只能一个人在静静的夜晚，挑灯夜战，第二天又拖着疲惫的身躯赶去上班。有时候没有考过，自己觉得很无奈，特别是差几分而没有通过好懊悔，家人却还唠叨，得不到理解和支持，得不到精神上的安慰和鼓励，当时的我内心好无助，只因我内心里有一个信念，我一定要圆我的大学梦，我坚持了下来。

自考的道路是坎坷的，但也是充实的，忙碌的，苦中有甜，我付出了许多，也收获了许多……

如果学习成了一种自觉的活动，就会感到学习并非一件苦差事。自考是我永远忠诚的朋友，给我生机活力，给我奋进的勇气和决心。自考启迪灵魂，开发智慧，拓展才华，提高品位——它给了我太多太多的馈赠。当我取得一个个工作成绩，当领导对我的素质和能力表示赞赏，当同事投来羡慕的目光，所有的付出都得到了回报，多年的努力都觉得很值得。在英语学习方面，我也积累了自己的一套方法和经验。英语学习并非难事，关键在于要用心去学，首先，要舍得投入精力和时间，要有恒心，一般说来，付出总与收获成正比，持之以恒，英语水平就有了相应的提高。其次通过有意识的大量阅读、一方面扩大了词汇量，另一方面培养了语感。而这两方面我认为是掌握一种语言的两大支柱。而语言就是这样，是相互促进的，语感好，在练习听力及口语时都会感觉到你以前在阅读中学到的有多重要。读的东西多了，词汇量足够大，语感足够强，在听方面，听英语磁带再结合听广播，这样精听和泛听结合，进步也很快，其他的技能，只要勤加练习，也就自然而然的提高了。而且我把自己的这些经验和孩子沟通交流，和孩子一起共同学习，在英语的道路上共同进步，受益匪浅，现在正在上初中的孩子的英语成绩一直都名列前茅；自考也开阔了我的眼界，现代化的语音室，以及古朴典雅，巍峨壮观的武大校园……让我感受到了扑面而来的有着悠久历史和深厚人文底蕴的重点大学的人文气息。更重要的是自考磨练了我的意志。自考是铁面无私、残酷无情的，但也是公正的。成功的殿堂只对勇于挑战自我、努力拼搏进取的人开放。自考之路不可能是一路坦途，沿途一定会有坎坷，有泥泞，有别人的误解的目光。只有坚定不移，不改初衷，跋山涉水，日夜兼程，才能峰回路转，豁然开朗，领略到无限风光。宁静和坚韧可以致远，浮躁和投机取巧必将半途而废。可以说自考是考一个人的意志和勤奋。在自考中提升自己的各种能力，综合素质的提高才真正激励我们攀登职业高峰。

经历这番风雨的洗礼，我的一颗心将会被磨练得圆润平和，更加懂得珍惜生活和笑看人生。我知道现在的自考文凭改变不了我什么,毕竟年龄偏大了,但我的付出,我的知识的收获,我的大学梦想的实现,我觉得没有白费.它将激励我继续学习, 充实自己......我觉得自考的目的不在文凭,关键在于多学点实用知识,多充实自己,对我而言,自考文凭已不再重要。 感谢自考，让我学会坚持；感谢自考，让我知道所有的付出终能得到回报！

推荐第6篇：自考英语教学法

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试

外语教学法试题

课程代码：00833

Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (15%)

Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions beneath each of which are four choices

marked A, B, C, and D.You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question.One point is given to each correct choice.

.

A.1950’sB.1960’sC.1970’s

2.Georgi Lozano was the founder of .

A.The Silent Way

C.The Total Physical ResponseD.1980’sB.Suggestopaedia D.Community Language Learning

3.The functional linguistics develops directly from

A.the transformational generative grammar

B.the habit-formation theory

C.the American School of Linguistics

D.the London School of Linguistics

4.Traditional linguists believe that the written form of language is to the spoken form.

A.seniorB.juniorC.inferiorD.superior

5.Who applied the theory of conditioning to the way humans acquire language in a book entitled “Verbal Behavior”?

A.SkinnerB.BrunerC.BloomfieldD.Piaget

6.Language meaning depends to a large extent on in which speech acts occurred.

A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.culturalD.sociocultural

7.The Oral Approach believes in a theory of learning that is based on a type of .

A.behaviouristB.cognitiveC.discoveryD.hypothesis-testing

8.As an inter-disciplinary science, FLTM makes use of of different subjects.

A.theoriesB.rulesC.methodsD.languages

9.In Palmer and Hornby’s view, the organization of the grammatical content of a language course should be based on the principle of.

A.cognitionB.automaticityC.deductionD.gradation

10.Which of the following became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960’s?

A.Priority of spoken language.

B.Claroom instruction in the target language.

C.Situational presentation and practice.

D.Vocabulary selection.

浙00833# 外语教学法试题

A.teacher-orientedB.learner-oriented

C.text-orientedD.activity-oriented

to the organization of language to be taught.

A.a discovery methodB.a cognitive approach

C.direct and indirect methodD.a structural approach

13.The most obvious characteristic of the Communicative Approach is that almost everything is

done with a communicative.

A.situationB.settingC.informationD.intent

14.All of the following principles reflect the influence of structural linguistics and behaviourist psychology in language teaching except that.

A.language is speech, not writing

B.a language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say

C.languages are different

D.competence comes before performance

15.What are the five factors which are considered crucial components in foreign language

teaching in the ASSRF Method?

A.Attention, security, structure, retention and function.

B.Approach, situation, skill, reading and formation.

C.Affective factors, situation, structure, rule and function.

D.Attention, summarizing, situation, reflection and form.

Ⅱ.Filling Blanks: (20%)

Directions: In this section there are 15 statements with 20 blanks.You are to fill each blank with

ONE appropriate word.One point is given to each blank.

linguistics.

17.According to the advocates of the Direct Method, the verbal expreion of an event is18.The cognitive theory of learning as put forward by Ausubel is perhaps best understood by

contrastinglearning and meaningful learning.

th19.Towards the end of the 19 century, the language teaching innovation turned into the

20.Chomsky made a difference between the grammatical knowledge and the sentences it

produced.He called the knowledge of grammar rules “

21.The book The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Claroom states the

and of the Natural Approach.

22.In the view of Grammar-Translation Method, the first language is maintained as thein the acquisition of the target language.

by listening and speaking activities in the Direct Method, that is, by encouraging learners to induce rules by active use of language.

浙00833# 外语教学法试题

(taking particular instances and using them to devise a general case ) with the minimum of instruction, and errorful .

25.According to the psychological principles of the German scholar F.Franke, a direct aociation between forms and in the target language should be established.

26.In Grammar-Translation Method, grammar is the mainin foreign language

clarooms.

27.Piaget saw cognitive development as eentially a proce of, within which

genetics and experience interact.

28.In the opinion of Krashen and Terrell,is the primary function of language.

29.In the acquisition-learning hypothesis, it is said that speakers are concerned with not the

but theof language.

Psychology.Ⅲ.Matching: (15%)

Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B.You are

to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④, or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a,

b, c, d, or e in Column B.One point is given to each correct pair you match.

31.

A: techniques used in

B: the purposea.to present new items or to understand the paage b.to apply the new items c.to check the understanding of the reading paage

d.to introduce new words and grammar rules

e.to apply the grammar rules to examples and to

understand the reading paage

B: the purpose

a.to encourage the students to listen to each other

carefully

b.to check the pronunciation

c.to familiarize the students with the pronunciation

and the pattern

d.to introduce the new model

e.to obtain students’ attention

B: the purpose

a.Wang Cairen Grammar-Translation Method: ① reading② analysis and comparison ③ translation④ reading comprehension questions⑤ written work32.A: procedures/techniques usedin the Oral Approach: ① individual imitation② building up a new model ③ listening practice④ choral imitation⑤ correction by the students themselves 33.A: techniques used in the CognitiveApproach: ① the ASSRF method

浙00833# 外语教学法试题

② dual activity method

③ global method

④ leveled method

⑤ Zhang Sizhong methodb.Zhang Sizhong c.Zhang Jianzhong d.Liu Zhaoyi e.Hao Youming

Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers: (30%)

Directions: This section has six questions.You are to briefly answer them.Five points are given to

each question.

34.What are the roles of the teacher in the Communicative Approach?

35.According to the cognitive theory, what are two procees that second language acquisition

involves?

36.What are the disadvantages of the Natural Approach?

37.What language skills are emphasized by the Direct Method? Why?

38.Why was speech given a priority in audiolingual claroom practice?

39.What sort of linguistics is the Grammar-Translation Method based on?

Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers: (20%)

Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching

experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned.Ten points are given

to each question.

40.What theories of language are used by the Communicative Approach as its theoretical basis?

41.Do you think the Direct Method can be used in the second language clarooms today? Why or why not?

浙00833# 外语教学法试题

推荐第7篇：英语写作自考

第一部分:

I.参考课文，课本Page141 What I Have Lived for Para3

1.\"equal\" (With equal paion I have...) 此处注意adj.→conj.状态的转换。“微妙的conj.结构“。例：在下面几段文字的开头如下， First of all,...Another reason,...（此处的another reason虽然不是连词，但是却有了一个连词的感觉）☆在写作中，尽量每句话都要使用一个表示逻辑关系的连词，这个连词可以不局限在adv。句与句之间的逻辑关系有四种：1.递进 2.因果；3.转折 4.让步 一般，在1和

2、3与4之间很难化清界限（如Moreover,Hence既可以是递近也可以是表因果；admittedly既可以表示转折又可以表示让步），于是我们将

1、2合并，

3、4合并，于是英语句子之间的逻辑关系就简化为两种： 1).顺接 2).反接总之，在每段的第一句话中都要用一些表明开始的话，如first of all等等。时间比较紧张的时候，也可以在文章中使用如\"and\"\"but\"这样比较简单的连接词，这样可以简洁的告诉我们句子与句子之间的关系。 2.3个\"I have\"的并列结构表示”想“的几个词 want, hope, except, wish, long (be longling to...), yearn to do(比较文雅) 3.understand:此处这个单词翻译成为”了解“比较好，里面包含了一层get in touch with的含义。 4.shine→shone(过去式) The sun shone golden.5.apprehend:understand/comprehended/figure out 有的时候，我们在联想一个单词的同义词时，如果在脑海中寻找不到一个单词，那么可以换成两个单词去替换，比如v+adv的形式。 6.hold sway=control,govern有发言权；占统治地位的(have a sway/have no sway) 比如，中国古代的男人就是经常have a sway,而女人则经常是have no sway。 →主流 be in the mainstream 7.参透、了解：perseive和conseive(=plan)建筑；阴谋总结：

第3段，并不仅仅是在谈罗素怎么怎么喜欢星星这些浅层面的东西，如果那样的话，罗素也就不能成为一名伟大的思想家了。这一段每句话其实抽象的概括起来都是在将一些自然科学领域的学科，比如哲学、逻辑学、伦理学、心理学、天文学和数学等等。要注意这些句子中隐含着的内容。 Para4 这一段用了一个对比，来转折。 1.reverberate:resound回荡(echo, pl.echoes) 打雷:thunder 2.famine:饥饿 the expreion \"children in famine\" is better than \"hungry children\", or \"children in hungry\" drought/flood（旱灾/水灾），遇到饥饿这样的单词要自然的联想到一些关于自然灾害的词。 tsunami(海啸) 3.tortured:折磨 torment/

persecute/ suffer (from) 统治者 the rich and powerful Patient病人,the sick ,etc.4.victims牺牲者→ victimize→ victimization 5.the whole world of loneline, poverty, and pain...

6.make a mockery of = make a sport of 讽刺 7.I too suffer=I suffer too

词汇

1.want.hope,expect,wish,long, yearn 2.understand= get in touch with 3.children= sons and daughters; posterity 4.shine→shone 5.cause, source, resource 6.apprehend: understand = comprehended = figure out (work out, produce, design) 7.hold sway: control/ govern 8.perceive/conceive 9.reverberate: resound, echo, thunder 10.famine/ drought/ flood 11.victims target, sacrifize, prey suffer →hurt =harm(ful) endure, bear, pity, put up with12.make a mockery of = make a sport of 13.community → communal (love)

14.alleviate → relieve 15.I too suffer.= I suffer too.16.valuable = fruitful 17.paion: strong emotion, fervor, sentiment, ecstasy, enthusiasm 18.overwhelming: overpowering/

crushing 19.hither and thither: here and there/ 20.anguish: agony, (great) pain, suffering, distre 21.seek: look for, search, pursue, hunt after/for, probe for, explore, demand

22.relieve: release, free, liberate, deliver from/out of, help sb.out of sth, overcome, subdue 23.unfathomable: 24.immeasurable: incalculable,( estimate→) inestimable,

infinite, endle, limitle, (exhaust→) inexhaustiable 25.apprehend: seize; grasp primary/ elementary/ fundamental 26.pity→ sorrow, compaion, sympathize 27.economic

globallization multinational company 28.resist/ reject/ refuse 29.忍受痛苦的n.suffering, sorrows, pain, woe, discomfort, affliction, agony=anguish, torture=torment, persecution

30.trials and tribulations 31.blow: carry, hit, puff 32.sacrificed: devoted, dedicated, abandon, indulge, addiction, renounce, relinquish, surrender, subdue 33.vision

34.hated:disgusting, deface,dislake, abhor(rent), loth 35.make a mockery of: redecule, make a fun of, scorn 36.back to earth 37.the longing for love/ 38.biased:偏见 39.for one thing, for another thing...40.despite the fact that+ a sentence in spite of + phrase 作文练习：Why People Attend College?

Useful Vocabulary:

1.study: academy 2.broaden one\'s eyes (scope of knowledge), sharp one\'s minds, and shape one\'s horizon 3.severe:严峻的 severe competition/ fierce competition.

观点： 1.上大学的好处：对个人和家庭；对集体；对国家和社会

【My Exercise Eay for Your Reference】 When we consider why we should attend the universities, attitudes towards this iue are varied.Basically, people go to college for three main reasons: to obtain more profeional knowledge; to experience a new life; and also, to get a brighter future for oneself.

First and foremost, college study can provide a student more fruitful knowledge by the wise profeor with the various teaching facilities.Freshmen can participate the lecture holding by a teacher and learn the knowledge on an area of concentration such as

science, busine, liberal arts or education.Furthermore, many hardware facilities such as the library, labs which can help learners get more information and practical knowledge on a certain subject.Clubs and social activities can enrich an individual\'s horizons as well.Therefore, students will get a great amount of knowledge and experiences for sure.

Second of all, students have a limited opportunity to specialize.After obtaining a specific college degree a job applicant can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs.For instance, applicants with Computer Science degree would not only be qualified or jobs in high-tech companies, they would also be prepared for any job with computer skills as a prerequisite.With larger range of potential jobs to choose from, degree holders are more likely to find a job that suits their paticular needs and interests.

Last but not the least, the promotion of the family\'s expectations also can be a reason for the youth people to go to college.In the contemporary era, most family just have one child, and the parents pay high expectations on the only-child and hope they\'ll have a better brighter future through attending the university.

All in all, more knowledge in depth, better career developments, and the promotion of the family\'s expectations are the main typical rewards for going to college and university.Meanwhile, people may not be proposed to simply focus on their careers, the learning of new experiences is also important.Only by acting henceforth can man grow into a well-rounded and full-fledged man of vision.

推荐第8篇：自考英语(二)翻译

1:A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1) 译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择

2.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.(p1) 译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。

3.Often managers must make a best gue at what the future will be and try to leave as little as poible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions.(p2) 译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。

4.If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.(p3) 译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。

5.For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.(p3) 译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约 6.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.(p4) 译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。

7.Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.(p6 line 4--6) 译：因为个人（和组织）关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。

8.Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department.(p7 line 2--4) 译：其中有一些目标比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异 9.When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on.(p7 line 5--7) 译：当面对同一件日常事情时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。

10.People often aume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon.(p9) 译：人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。

11 The key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far.（p2）

译：这里的关键词是准备和自信，它们将使你前程远大

12.Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the origination you hope to work for.(p4) 译：了解你所申请的工作和你希望为之工作的组织

13.It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job.(p6) 译：它表明你对雇主和你的工作的态度冷漠，不感兴趣。

14:Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for.(p8) 译：你找到的任何有关未来雇主的信息在面试中都能为你所用，以表示你费了心思去掌握一些关于你希望为其工作的人的事实。

15: Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied, but do be polite.(p10) 译：面试中如果你想确切地知道某些话的含义，不要害怕请对方解释清楚，但一定要有礼貌。

16:Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty in communication.(p16) 译： 拿着邀请你面试的通知书，以防万一交谈出现困难时显示。

17:There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the proce of all shaking hands with you in turn.(p20) 译：由五个人构成的专门小组几乎不可能轮流与你握手。 18:Would you mind rephrasing the question, please? (p23) 译：您介意换个说法来问这个问题吗？

19: Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape---not even light.(p1)

译：天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一个空间区域，而不是一个物体，物质会掉进黑洞而没有物体可以从中逃脱出来，即使是光也不行。

20:It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.(p13--14) 译：只是近来科学家才开始对黑洞进行具体的研究。

21:They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of apace and time.(p5) 译：他们展示给我们一个不同于我们自己的世界运行方式的世界，并对我们最基本的时空经验提出了质疑。

22:.First of all, let us consider the earth as a planet revolving around the sun. 译：首先，让我们把地球看作是围绕太阳运行的一颗行星。

23: The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. 译：水域的总面积大约是陆地面积的三倍大。

24: 5.These currents are important because they affected the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscope animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes.(p5)

译：这些海洋之所以重要是因为他们影响着所流经区域的附近陆地的气候，也是因为它们携带大量的微生物，植物，而这些构成鱼类食品的一大部分。 25:The circumstances under which different people live make a difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our busine to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.(p8) 译：不同民族的生活环境造就了他们和我们极为不同的生活方式，我们应该做的是去了解他们不同的生活环境以便可以更好理解其他地区的人们。 26: Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.译：其中很重要的实在没有对于与我们不同的人们和他们必须过的那种生活有大量的了解之前，我们应该避免对他们有先入为主的看法。

27: It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.译：确实我们了解其他人越多，我们就越能理解他们的观点，通常我们就更喜欢那些人。

28:It\'s very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out.

译：这很容易使老人们，残疾人和依靠别人生存的人感觉到他们是负担，因此应该选择离开人世。

29:What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven\'t the right.

译：那些反对安乐死的人是在告诉我们将死的人们没有这种权利。

30:And they can have their paports removed, making leaving or escaping virtually impoible.

译：他们的护照可能已被拿走，其实际上既不能离开液或不能逃走。

31: I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount.译：我本应该得到120英镑的报酬，但我从未得到那个数目。

32 At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers.

译：1994年年底，英国政府引进新的措施来保护家佣们，使其免受雇主的虐待。

33:So if they do complain, they risk being deported.

译：所以，如果他们真的抱怨的话，就会冒着被驱逐出境的风险。

34:Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for. 译：给予那些愿意做同类工作但是想更换雇主的家佣们这种自由，这正是国际反奴役组织这样的团体向政府争取的。

35: It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.

译：他们说，就是更换雇主的权利才能把雇佣同奴役区别开来。

36:.They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources.译：他们自由地吸取爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分，随着时间的推移甚至从更多的来源中吸取营养。

37: What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitle range of expreion.

译：音乐的很快发展成为具有多种形式并且几乎具有无限的表现力 38:Electronic amplifiers also made poible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a total effect, so that instead of an audience of paive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones. 译：电子扬声器也使得在音量方面能够有意想不到的提高，音乐在人类耳朵所能承受范围内变得响亮，具有穿透力，由此表达了一种完美的效果，所以听众已不是被动的听众，现在的听众是完全投入的听众，他们在全身心感受着音乐。 39:With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best as they could, and heightened the whole experience by using drugs. 译：家里有了唱片，听众尽力模仿舞厅灯光效果并通过使用药物以加强整体感受。 40:Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen , although to a leer degree, in other industries as well.

翻译：除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用程度低一些

41: It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.

翻译：人们不知道是否有一天机器人能具有像人类一样好的视觉。

42: These future robots, aembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do.

翻译：未来具有触觉、视觉并能决策的机器人将可以做很多工作。

43 Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics 翻译：任何希望了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。

44.Scientists are working on program to predict where and when an earthquake will occur.

翻译：科学家们正致力于研究预报地震何时何地发生的计划。

45.They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that living can be saved.

翻译：他们希望研究出一种早期警报系统，用来预报地震，以挽救人们的生命。

46.These networks are on the alert for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake 翻译：这些网络一直处于戒备状态，搜索着警告的迹象，这些迹象显示出在地震前可能发生岩层松动状况。

47.They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are aociated with movement along faults.

翻译：他们密切注意与断层运动有关的水位和水温的变化。

48:Everyone agrees that earthquakes cannot be predicted with any reliability.翻译：人们都认为不可能可靠地预报地震

49:While this is a small start, it is still a beginning.翻译：尽管这是一个小的开端，但毕竟只是处于初始阶段

推荐第9篇：自考综合英语作文

综合英语二 的难句释义 与 作文

Leon 1: the 9 things the book referred are: Pick a difficult thing and learn it well.挑一件难事，从中学习Donot be afraid to ask "stupid"question.不耻下问 Listen carefully.仔细聆听 Everybody makes mistakes.人非圣贤，孰能无过？ Know your planet.了解你所处的星球 Science and technology.科学与技术 Donot spend your life watching TV.不要终生沉迷在电视上 Culture.文化 Compaion.同情去年十月份综二卷已经考过这课了，故此次可能不会再考有关此课文的问答题。所以要注意此课后面的语法知识。 1．主谓一致的三条原则 1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。 2）意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 2．集体名词作主语时与动词的一致 1）当主语为furniture， equipment， machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。 2）集体名词如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作复数用。 3)family, government, cla, committee, audience , team, public 等词被视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数；被视做为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。 3．并列主语与动词的一致 1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数动词。 2）当主语是由and， both „.and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。 3)在又or或 nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or 或 nor 后边的名词或代词保持一致。 4) not only „ but also 连接的结构做主语时，动词的单、复数形式依据but also 后的名词或代词。 留下翻译练习： 出席会议 干的不错 体验苦难 自学英语 发现奇迹 忍住咳嗽 掌握技能 获取知识 需要勇气 丰富生活 接受修正 改正错误 不再指望 作出努力 1.新造的大桥坍塌了，一名工程师和两名地方官员为此受到刑事起诉。 2.他工作了一天，午饭都没动。 3.经常性的体育运动使学生身体强壮，更好的适应学习，决不是浪费时间。 4.在海洋世界公园，海豹和海豚能够表演各种技巧，逗的小观众们乐不可支。 5.把快乐建立在别人痛苦之上的人迟早要受到报应的。 6.在某些方面，那部新字典有不少地方需要改进。 7.当那辆公共汽车冲进路边翻了车时，许多小朋友被困在里边。 8.在开幕式上，市政府将为一千多明来宾提供饮食。 9.在中国，城市家庭只允许生一个孩子。 10.只要我们能得到点休息，去哪里并不重要。 1.那位男孩向警察询问去火车站怎么走。 2.学习外语没有任何捷径可走。 3.获悉我最喜欢的数学老师仍然在那所学校教书我决定去看他。 4.这位老工人教育他的子女做人要诚实。 5.他问老板那天他是否可以早点离开办公室。 6.艰难困苦使我们对我们现有的一切感到满意。 7.毕业时他要求到西藏去工作一年。 8.我只不过是想关心别人，也希望受到他人的关心，我的要求并不过分。 9.聪明人从自己的错误中吸取教训。 10.求援是没有用的，因为已经早过了午夜。 11.那位科学家教育他的学生说年轻人要面向未来。 12.问及她生活的最大乐趣时，她说“学习”。 难句释义 leon 1 Twelve things i wish they taught at school 1.Sometimes I think how grateful i would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matter.有时候，我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。 2.the only thing I ever learned in school about Napoleons was that the United States made a Louisianna Purchase from him 关于拿破仑，在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。 3.That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet.这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。 4.It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppre your questions and become deadened to the world around you.明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇挂得多。 5.If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it.既然一部作品已存在了几百年或是几千年，今天仍然受到赞赏，那么大概它确实是有些名堂。 6.Look at the delight a one-or two- year old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn.如果你看到一个一两岁的孩子学做一件事时的乐趣，你就会明白人类学习的意志有多么坚强了。

leon 2 Icons 1.But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? 究竟是哪些因素使有些人成为偶像，另一些人仅成了名流呢？ 2.With the arrival of television,the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw acro the breakfast table.电视的出现，使我们对明星的面孔就像像对家里人的面孔那样熟悉。 3.This kind of attitude rewards smooth,insincere talk,and makes hesitancy look like stupidity 这种看法结果是鼓励了口若悬河的空话，而把迟疑看成是愚笨。

leon 3（昨天的） Go-go Americans 1.We are slaves to nothing but the clock.“我们只受时钟的支配，”这是人们的口头禅。 2.We want every minute to count.我们想让每一分钟都发挥作用。 3.Don't take it personally.但这种表现不是针对个人的。 4.Many of us have what might be called" a short fuse".我们当中很多人都会很容易“发火”。 5.Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars.多数美国人是按照活动日程所制定的时间段来生活的。 6.An increasingly high percentage of normal busine is being done these days by voice and electronic device.今天通过声音或是电子设施来处理日常公务的比例越来越高。

leon 4 Take over,Bos'n 1.If i had to shoot at such close quarters, I wouldn't mi.要是我不得不开枪的话，离这么近他们谁也跑不掉。 2.As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for.只要我们一直盼着待会儿还能喝上一口水，我们就有了活下去的目标。 3."Why don't you quit? You can't hold out!" “你干吗不放手？你能坚持到底吗?” 4.Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.除了枪，别的任何东西也不可能阻止巴雷特和其他人接近那点水。

leon 5 Are you giving your kids too much? 1.I'm not complaining, only making a point.我并不是抱怨，只是表明一个看法。 2.Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands.父母顶不住孩子们的无理要求也就娇惯了孩子。 3.Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in——but neither response seems satisfactory to them.这类家长举棋不定，对孩子们的无理要求，不知道是该回绝还是该满足，觉得这两者都不理想。 4.But overindulging children with material things does little to leen parental guilty 可是过分满足孩子的物质要求并不能减轻家长的内疚感 5.Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings to be more creative in their play.还有，玩具太多的孩子在玩的时候不如玩具少的孩子有创造性。 6.Rather, my intent is to help those parents who have already sensed that they might be overindulging their children but don't know how to stop.准确地说，我的意图是给那些已经意识到自己娇宠孩子而又不知怎样纠正的家长出点主意。 7.It's the cheerfulne and lack of hesitation that impre upon the child that parents mean what they say.这种和颜悦色和毫不犹豫的态度让孩子感到父母说话是算话的。 8.For a while they'll keep on applying the old preures that used to work so well.在一段时间里，他还会采取过去行之有效的施加压力的老办法。

Leon 6 Culture shock 1.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbls of social intercourse.文化震荡是由因失去社交活动中人们熟悉的标志和信号而引起的忧虑所造成的。 2.All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often with our conscious awarene.我们每个人都是不自觉地依赖这些成百上千的信号来维持心境的平和及办事效率。 3.The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance.To the foreigner everything becomes irrationly glorified.这时在一个刚到外国的人的心目中，自己国家各方面的情况忽然变得无比重要。对他来说家乡的每一件事都变得不合逻辑地美好了。 4.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.只有回国一趟，才能使他们回到现实中来。 5.I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects.我的优势是与英国人说的是基本相同的语言，在广义的文化渊源方面也与他们有许多共同之处。 6.For some people, it may take several days to readjust.depending on the length of time they were away.有些人可能要花上几天的时间来重新适应一切，需要多长时间与他们离开的时间长短有关。 translation: 移植器官 接受邀请 拒绝邀请 认真看待 建立关系 坚持原则 更换恋人 兑换货币 社交约会 良好看法 面部表情 职业病 违约 （1）医生说病人的病源于孤独和压抑。 （2）自从中国实施改革开放政策以来，这个城市的面貌焕然一新。 （3）萨拉对18世纪的西班牙音乐并不熟悉。 （4）感受文化震荡的外国人常常采取与世隔绝的态度。 （5）在头几个月，许多新生难以适应大学生活。 （6）芳芳上几个月才到达澳大利亚，已经很快适应了新的环境。 （7）在实验中，马丁严格遵守导师定下的规则。 （8）只要你努力工作，虚心向别人学习，新上任的压力会逐步消除的。 （9）生物学家决定试用那套昂贵的设备。 Use concern, notice and take.（1）我注意到她从国外回来以后举止有了很大的改进。 （2）第二个问题与孩子们的安全有直接关系，必须立即解决。 （3）你注意到林教授的新衣服没有？穿上这套衣服他看起来很帅吧？ （4）我想我会接受你的劝告，尽快去看医生。 （5）越来越多的中国人关心环保问题。 （6）她受伤的那条腿疼的厉害， 她只好吃了一片止疼药。 （7）我看见他匆匆地离开了晚会。 （8）为了能在早上8点之前到达办公室，他只好乘出租车。 （9）你有没有注意小王是什么时候离开的？ （10）奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。 （11）带上伞，天看起来要下与。 （12）修理这台电视机花了他两个小时的时间。 Leon 7 The model millionaire I 1.He was as popular with men as he was with women, and he had every quality except that of making money.他在男士和女士中间人缘都很好。除了赚钱的才能之外，他别的才艺样样都有。 2.At last he became nothing, a delightful, uselese young man with a perfect face and no profeion.最后他一事无成，落得没有职业，只有一张完美的脸蛋，成了一个可爱的窝囊废。 3.Indeed, few people are not nowadays.现在几乎没有什么人不是画家。（注意作者的讽刺口吻：画家满天飞，到处都是。） 4.When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man.当休吉走进去时，他看到特里沃在给一幅和真人一样大小的、精彩的乞丐图进行最后的润饰。 5.I tell you that there are moments when art almost reaches the importance of manual work.但说真话，有时艺术与体力活一样重要。 6.He looked so miserable that Hughie pitied him, and felt in his pocket to see what money he had.他看起来十分痛苦，休吉怜悯他，伸手摸摸衣兜里有多少钱。 实现美梦 大发脾气 失去记忆 寻求安慰 来跟香烟 保持安静 怜悯某人 统制世界 证券交易 等身画像 手工劳动 恶意的玩笑 忧伤的表情 褴褛的衣衫 淡淡的笑容 赚钱 股市 股东 （1）模范护士海伦工作既讲效率又有耐心，严格却富有爱心，深受小病人们的喜爱。 （2）部队断了粮，只能靠野果和树皮充饥。 （3）因售后服务好，奇迹牌洗衣机销路很好。 （4）由于那部电影大获成功，它的插曲也很受欢迎。 （5）杨教授搬家时，把许多书给了学生。 （6）乔治喜欢把自己的过失归咎于别人。 （7）仅仅过了半年，他就厌倦了公司职员的工作。 （8）我的教授不许我在圣诞节期间在实验室工作。 （9）我现在不能作出任何承诺，但是我会考虑这件事的。 （10）他破产了，只得求助于朋友的资助。 （1）在我桌上我发现了一个寻呼机。是你的吗？ （2）平安到达后请给我来个电话。 （3）我已经替你找到了一套带有家具的公寓。 （4）关于如何改善雇员的工作条件，他们谈了几个小时。 （5）你去超市时能帮我买两个柯达胶卷吗？ （6）我发现住在乡下是一种很有趣的经历。 （7）你得想办法找人把漏水的龙头修好。 （8）我到家，发现爷爷在自言自语。 （9）老师告诉他他儿子在考试中作弊，他很生气。 （10）同事们到达之前，他就把一切都准备好了。 （11）医生发现每天喝点酒的人要比那些从不喝酒的人健康。 （12）光说没有用，咱们还是开始干吧！

Leon 8 The model millionaire II （8）当三位世界著名男高音出现在舞台上时，整个音乐厅爆发出掌声。1.do you think he would care for any of them? 你觉得他愿意要几件? 2.you painters are a heartle lot.你们画家真是一帮铁石心肠的人。 3.It's a whim of a millionaire.You know these rich men.这当然是百万富翁一时心血来潮的怪念头，你知道这帮阔佬是会做这种事的 4.It never entered my mind that you went about giving money away in that carele manner.我真的没想到你会这样随便乱给别人钱。 点燃香烟 装上镜框 一堆旧衣 变成碎片 情绪饱满 自言自语 支付利息 捧腹大笑 真诚道歉 满脸通红 发表演说 搓手 私事 （1）愿意和我一起步行上山吗？（2）在地震中，我心爱的瓷瓶从橱柜里掉下来，摔的粉碎。 （3）德国人入侵后，我的老师死也不肯再教德文了。（4）在他们父亲的葬礼上，兄弟两个人为死者的钱财争论不休，当众出丑。（5）这份报告第一论点不明确，第二论据也不充分。（6）在他最后的日子里，吉米虽然很虚弱，却依旧情绪饱满。（7）汤姆无意伤害你，他只是实话实说罢了。（8）当三位世界著名男高音出现在舞台上时，整个音乐厅爆发出掌声。（9）在牛津大学当访问学者时，他有幸会见了不少的大科学家。（10）休吉叫了起来：“我绝对没有想到那老模特是个百万富翁。” Use see, tell and show.（1）我看了看四周，但在黑暗里我什么也看不见。（2）他把这些年来所搜集的珍贵邮票拿给朋友们看。（3）我不明白你是什么意思。你为什么不告诉我真相。（4）她教了我好几次怎样使用这台洗衣机，可我总记不住。（5）他告诉我他第二天不能来开会，他要照顾生病的母亲。（6）这家人刚搬到这个镇子来的时候，那位母亲叫孩子们天黑以后不要外出。（7）他坚持把我送到公共汽车总站。（8）下星期天这部电影还要在电视上重播。（9）老师可以看得出吉姆对他的分数不是很高兴。（10）导游把客人们领去看鲁迅出生的那个房间。（11）许多城里人分不清水稻苗和杂草。（12）他摇了摇头，公开表示了他与经理的观点不同。

Leon 9 Only 3 more days 1.Suddenly,later that morning,the solution became clear.那天上午晚些时候，办法突然明朗了。 2.how could these hard-nosed Nazi detectives help but smell out the diaries beneath my broacasts? 那些精明的纳粹侦探怎么可能嗅不出广播稿下面的日记呢? 3.It would give me prestige in his eyes,or at least make me le suspect,foreigner though I was 尽管我是外国人这也会让他对我刮目相看，至少也能减少他对我的猜疑。 4.The feared Gestapo,I knew,was really not very efficient.我知道那些令人畏惧的盖世太保并非真的很能干。 5.I had only to hold out this one more day,and the whole nightmare for me would be over,though it would go on and on for millions of others.我只要再把这一天忍过去，噩梦就会过去了，可是对于千千万万的人来说，噩梦还要继续下去。 取消航班 得到许可 值得一试 以身冒险 盖上印章 如释重负 送报/牛奶 扣押某物 入境签证 出境签证 交通堵塞 个人物品 冲马桶 （1）一场隧道大伙使进城的交通中断了近一个星期。 （2）我把地图摊在地上，查找去拉萨的路线。 （3）通过仔细研究报纸上的广告，小鲍勃察觉出一个大盗窃阴谋。 （4）一座桥的倒塌引起地方官员的警觉，并促使他们决定视察所有正在兴建的桥梁。 （5）沿路直至山顶，都可以看到美丽的粉红色杜鹃花在盛开。 （6）每个人都在关注那个地区形式，看其如何发展。 （7）工人们对工厂的糟糕管理和低效率难以容忍。 （8）此楼的装修只准在白天进行。 （9）他费力的想弄清楚名首字母N。E指的是什么。 （10）我来到游泳池，没想到却同一个粗鲁的年轻人争吵起来。 Use put, hold and pick.（1）只要付钱，游客们可以在这个公园里自由采摘水果。 （2）那位白人妇女右臂抱着一个婴儿，左手提着一个旅行袋。 （3）如果你设身处地为他想想，你就会理解他的选择了。 （4）她因为太激动了，无法把自己的思绪用谚语表达出 （5）我们要挑选12位高中生参加下一届国际奥林匹克数学竞赛。 （6）要求所有考生都把自己的编号而不是姓名写在答案纸上。 （7）在这个职位我已经干了5年，我说什么也不会辞职的。 （8）昨天咱们买的的那些书你放到哪了？ （9）我觉得一条船容纳不下我们这些人，还是租两条吧。 （10）这是你的错，你怎么能把责任推到别人身上。 （11）这次全国图书展销会将在10个城市举行。 Leon 10 The washwoman 1.But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, poeed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors.可是这位洗衣妇，尽管个子又瘦又小，却具有从她们世代农民祖先那里继承来的强健体魄。 2.But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many Gentiles have been bleed.可是她有许多非犹太人所具有的那种自尊心，那种对劳动的热爱。 3.The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so bore her burden.老妇人不愿成为别人的累赘，因此自己承担起养活自己的责任。 4.God forbid! What good would such a long life be? 但愿上帝别让我活到那么大的岁数!活那么长有什么用? 5.And now at last her body, which had long been supported only by the force of honesty and duty, had fallen.现在长期以来一直由真诚和责任心支撑着的身躯终于倒下了。扮演角色 积累经验 熨烫衣物 身负重担 卸下重担 作出牺牲 缝补衣物 物归原主 承担任务 坚强的意志 不屈的意志 粗糙的手指 深陷的双眼 寒冷的冬天 （1）我祖母少有的善良和慷慨使所有认识她的人都敬爱她。 （2）在长达一周的夏季反攻中，士兵们用尽了弹药。 （3）恐怕你的要求超越了他的权限。 （4）轮船剧烈地左右晃动，许多乘客都晕船。 （5）老人在丛林里生活多年，与外界极少来往。 （6）她年轻时得过癌症，后来康复了，一直活到高龄。 （7）广场中心的雕像表达了人民对将军的敬重和自豪之情。 （8）我把消息告诉了玛利之后，她看上去好象要晕到。 （9）她不顾父母的强烈反对，决定去上夜校。 （10）为帮助爱利丝准备参加网球比赛，她母亲请来了本地最好的教练。 Use cover, fall and pa.（1）我从梯子上掉了下来，伤了左胳膊。 （2）在大学我们至少需要300元来支付伙食费。（3） 唐山遭受地震以来二十多年已经过去了。（4） 这个课程涉及到二战以来美国历史的各个方面。 （5）雪一直缓缓地下着。 （6）这本书挺难，我一小时只读了10页。 （7）那个期间他三次经过自己的家都没有进去。 （8）这次高考入学考试他没能通过，他决心明年再试一次。 （9）那个小男孩问他的父母为什么树在秋天掉叶子。 （10）你们看完了这份报纸之后，把它传给三班。

Leon 11 How I Reserved My Apprenticeship 1.I am sure that I should never have selected a busine career if I had been permitted to choose.我相信要是我有选择的余地，我不会选择经商的生涯。(此句包含一个虚拟条件句) 2.What I could get to do, not what I desired, was the question.问题是，我能找到什么活干，而不是我想干什么活。 3.I resolved that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.我当时下定决心总有一天我们要解决温饱问题。（也可直译为：我当时下定决心总有一天要把贫困这匹恶狼从我们门口赶走。） 4.It was given to me because I had been of some use in the world! 这钱给了我是因为我对社会有了点用处 5.It is everyting to feel that you are useful.感到自己是个有用的人那才叫棒。 6.something within always told me that this would not, could not, should not last 我的内心有一种力量时时激励我:这种情况不会，也不可能，更不应该持续下去。 7.Everything must be bright to them.只能让他们知道好的一面。 8.It seems, nowadays, a matter of universal deire that poverty should be abolished.今天人们好像普遍希望消除贫困。 养家糊口 吸取教训 赡养家庭 提供材料 驱动机器 缓解痛苦 记录帐目 消除贫穷 教训某人 家庭会议 职业女性 珍贵财富 （1）眼见敌人的导弹把村庄炸成一片废墟，村民门都气炸了肺。 （2）他注意到了那个中年人给一家电视公司开了一张150英镑的钞票。 （3）他从一生经历中体会到，友谊和爱比金钱重要的多。 （4）去年夏天，他在一所乡间村舍住了一个月，远离城市的喧闹。 （5）为了保护大自然这一共同利益，许多政府联起手来清除化学工业带来的有毒污染。 （6）委员会决定明年的会议在西安举行。 （7）天亮时，他发现自己躺在一个山谷底处。 （8）许多人为“希望工程”捐款，是因为他们深切同情乡村里上不起学的孩子们。 （9）高考来临之际，考生家长们都在尽力减轻孩子的精神负担。 Use serve, bear and work.（1）他已经为这个广告公司工作6年了。 （2）电梯现在不运行，他只好爬上11层楼。 （3）看来他的阿谀奉承这次不能奏效了。 （4）我80岁的爷爷无法忍受北方的严冬。 （5）他父亲在10年前是中国驻英国的大使。 （6）在屋子的角落里有一张矮桌子当电视架使用。 （7）那家名流聚集的餐馆的饭菜很一般。 （8）这部移动电话看起来不时髦，可能满足我的需要。 （9）如果出了问题，你就的承担责任。 （10）我不人心看到老人受到他们亲生子女的虐待。 （11）我们多年的努力现在终于开花结果了。 （12）如果这种药没有效果，那么你只好动手术了。

Leon 12 The friend of the environment 1.He might cut down the forests and dam the steams, but the clouds and rain and the stream of life were God's.人可以砍伐森林，可以在江河上筑坝，但是天上的云彩、天上下的雨以及源远流长的生命都由上帝主宰。 2.The book exploded into the public consciousne.此书一夜之间提高了公众的(环保)意识。砍伐森林 筑坝拦河 发出警告 受到表扬 激起热情 激发想象 大学毕业 政府干预 人造卫星 学术报告 强烈反对 热心读者 严酷事实 上。。。课 连续10天 新华社 畅销书 环保 （1）尽管年纪小，没经验，这位小演员同一起工作的明星却能无拘无束的相处。 （2）没过一会儿，巴德先生就发现他的顾客是警察通缉的那个人。 （3）在完全了解自己严重的病情下，吉姆在生命最后几个月里作出了许多勇敢的选择。 （4）1998年中国的水灾向中国人民发出了严重警告。 （5）怎样培养好独生子女在中国引发许多争论。 （6）詹姆斯是在牛津时接触到莎士比亚的著作的。 （7）当我发现那位著名画家竟然与我家有亲戚关系时，感到十分惊讶。 （8）人在剧烈活动时，肌肉中的蛋白质会分解的更快。 （9）那个少年使琼斯太太回想起她自己在过去的困难日子里的痛苦经历。 （10）这个村子一定遭受了龙卷风的袭击，我们看到到处都是被破坏的房屋和被吹到的树木。 （11）尽管有风险，他们还是坚持把实验做完。 （12）我知道有这么一位艺术家，但没有见过面。 Use break, reach and start.（1）不知道我们的请柬是否已经到达他那里。 （2）任何违反交通规则的司机都将被罚款。 （3）他到的时候，我们正要出发。 （4）她把药放在了儿子够不着的最上面的架子上。 （5）在争吵的过程中她将一面镜子摔到了地上，把它摔碎了。 （6）足球比赛刚刚进入高潮，突然下起雨来。 （7）我们谁也不敢把这坏消息告诉他。 （8）去查问一下庆祝活动几点开始。 （9）天气预报说今天的最高温度将预计达到摄氏38度。 （10）他没发开动割草机，跑去找他父亲帮忙。

Leon 13 Who shall dwell? 准备晚餐 切断电源 切断供水 发射导弹 发动进攻 交换意见 交流经验 面如死灰 首要问题 核武器 核电站 核能 闩门 （1）请今晚注意收听重要新闻。 （2）当琼斯太太抓住那个男孩时，他不敢正视她。 （3）科布教授讲课的特征是讲的飞快。 （4）你不能按审计的要求记帐，就不能算一个好会计。 （5）在边远地区，还有大批学龄儿童不能上学。 （6）警察向司机明确指出，他必须确切地描述事故发生的过程。 （7）已经告戒本地农民，今年有可能发生水灾。 （8）法庭认为没有必要传讯更多的证人，打算在近期结案。 （9）她既耐心又坚定地作出努力，要拆除挡在她儿子和其他孩子之间的那堵墙。 （10）怀特一家人担心要是他们不付房租，房东就会把他们轰出来。 Use leave, send and turn.（1）当我给他打电话时，他已经离开办公室了。 （2）空袭警报使人们纷纷往自己的家跑区。 （3）为了帮父母养家他15岁的时候就辍学了。 （4）现在许多人不再邮寄圣诞卡，而是通过电子邮件向朋友们表示问候。 （5）在我的挎包里找不到钥匙，一定是忘在办公室里了。 （6）她转过身来，看见儿子眼里充满了泪水。 （7）今年春节你打算给你的笔友寄点什么？ （8）你最好让窗户开一会儿，让新鲜空气进来。 （9）他们决定把防空洞改造成储藏室。 （10）奥塞罗的头发一夜之间全变白了。

Leon 14 Cipher in the snow 1.I blurted out the news somehow.我没有拐弯抹角而是直截了当地把事情说了出来。 2.How do you go about making a boy into a zero? 怎么能把一个孩子弄成这样一事无成? 3.Even shy, timid, sweet children have resilience.It takes time to break them.即使是胆小、害羞、温顺的孩子也是有韧性的，他们不是一天就能够击垮的。（注意作者的讽刺、愤怒的口气：那些老师也是下了不少的工夫，花了不少时间才把一个智商本来不低的孩子弄成这个样子的。） 改变主意 参加葬礼 喃喃自语 自言自语 认养孩子 发起进攻 刺骨寒风 倒毙在地 砰然关门 干瘦的身躯 褪色的牛仔裤 智商与情商 （1）音乐突然停止，播音员几乎是叫了起来：“警报！注意隐蔽！” （2）火车突然刹车，杯子和盘子都滚落到地上。 （3）身为主任，他的任务是组织实验室的工作，他很少亲自做实验。 （4）许多年以后，他仍能回想起飞机失事时的惨景。 （5）我当小学徒时，压力大，工作很辛苦，但我从来不把这些告诉父母。 （6）搬进新办公楼哪天，我们搞了一次庆祝活动。 （7）晚饭后克里夫把书本摊在面前开始复习功课。 （8）就我所知，彼得的父亲在医嘱中给彼得留下了至少25万英镑。 （9）鲍勃发现几则广告很奇怪，他就在报纸档案堆进行调查。 （10）医生指出，此种药物对婴儿有害。 Use drive, forget and drop.（1）我忘了带我的字典了。我能用一下你的吗？ （2）电话突然响了，他吓了一跳，书也掉到地上。 （3）不要老是想你和班上其他同学的肤色不一样，就记住你和他们一样的聪明。 （4）对金钱和权利的欲望使相当一些人走上犯罪的道路。 （5）一再的失败使他几乎丧失了理智。 （6）我永远不会忘记我们在大学度过的那些愉快的日子。 （7）这个国家的人口出生率已经降至0。3%。 （8）如果他不开车送我去车站的话，我昨晚就赶不上火车。 （9）很抱歉，我忘了这些学生是穆斯林。 （10）他们听到有人走过来，就压低了嗓子。

其实我个人感觉，把课文意思弄通了，再加上基本语法练习，过关是没有问题的了。 下册: leon 1

Courtesy:Key to a happier world 难句释义：

1.Courtesy,politene,good-manners——call it what you will,the supply never seems to equal the demand: 礼貌也好，客气，或文明举止也好，无论你称它什么，其供应似乎总是小于需求。（意思是人们维护和谐的关系所需要的礼貌从来都低于他们实际表现出的水平。） 2.What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger?Courtesy,compaionate courtesy.是什么促使这个年轻人不厌其烦地这么做？是礼貌，基于同情心的礼貌。（为了不让一个陌生人感到自己无用而难堪。） 3.Even when you have doubts about some people,act as if they are worthy of your best manners.即使对有些人你不太有把握（他们是否值得你礼遇），也要以礼相待，就像他们值得你这样对待他们一样。 4.All skills require constant repetition to become second nature;good manners are no exception.一切技能都需要经常重复而后才能成为第二天性，礼貌也是如此。 5.Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage.理性的礼貌在婚姻中比在其他任何方面都更加重要。（此句是倒装句，表强调。正常语序：Thinking courtesy is more important in marriage than anywhere else.） 6．But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached.可是生活中的有些最宝贵的赠品却是不带有任何附加条件的。（意思是别人对你的善举、好意、礼貌也是生活给你的赠品——无须回报就能得到的东西，不要认为人家是别有用心的。） 7.The only constant,daily,effective solution is politene——which is the golded rule in action.唯一能经常、每天使用的有效的解决方法就是以礼待人这个行为准则。 Leon 2 & 3 The man who could work miracles(I & II) 1.It’s something contrary to the course of nature done by power of will.奇迹是通过意志的力量产生违反自然规律的事物。 2.The fears of his first discovery were now mixed with pride and ideas of advantage.刚发现自己超凡能力时的恐惧心情这时已经掺入了自豪感和优越感。 3．As the day paed,his state of mind paed from wonder to dilight.就在这一天之内，他的思想状况由惊讶变成了喜悦。 4.Mr.Fotheringay performed no more miracles that night,nor did he trouble to see what had become of his flowering stick.那天夜里，佛泽林盖先生没有再制造奇迹，也没有费神去看看他那根开花的拐仗到底怎么样了。 5．Except for the lo of his miraculous powers,everything was back as it had been.And among other things,of course,he did not believe in miracles.除了失去他那不可思议的能力之外，一切都回到了以往的状况，其中当然也包括他不相信有奇迹这一情况。

Leon 4 Zero hour:43 seconds over Hiroshima紧急时刻：广岛上空的43秒钟 1.But she felt well enough to be up and about.不过，她感觉起床活动是没有问题的。 2.she had sunk into unconsciousne.她失去了知觉。 3.The very air seemed hostile,so thick with dust and ash that she could barely see.连空气也好像是在作对，充满了尘土和灰烟，使她什么也看不见。 4.That life had been a comfortable one,wanting in nothing——not,at least,until the war.那本来是很舒适的生活，什么也不缺，至少直到战争爆发之前是如此。 5.But he could not shut the war out of the sheltered world he had built for himself and his family.但是这场战争也必然波及到他极力保护的家庭。（直译：他不可能把这场战争排斥在他为自己和家人营造的小天地之外。） 6.The street were filled with the dead and the barely living.街上到处是死人和只剩下一口气的人。 7.The illne had not really left her;it had gone into hiding.病魔并没有真正离开她，只不过是隐藏起来了。

Leon 5 First principles 首要原则 1.What we ought to do is give to people we love——give memorable things according to our ability.我们应该做的是为我们所爱的人奉献，也就是说根据我们的能力送给他们有纪念意义的东西。 2.It was Laura’s ovvious pleasure that had brightened everything.正是因为劳拉喜形于色，给全家增添了节日气氛。 3.They made her think of the ballerina dre,and of all the pure,proud,filmy beauty of the world that belonged,by right,to Laura.那朵朵鲜花使她想到那件芭蕾舞衣，使她想到世上一切纯真的、值得自豪的、朦胧的美，都理所当然地属于劳拉。（意思是说：劳拉这样好的女孩子应该享受世上一切美好的东西。）

Leon 6 The beauty of Britain 1.The beauty of our country——or at least all of its south of North Scotland——is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy.我们国家的美，至少北苏格兰以南所有的地方之美欣赏容易，描绘难。（直择：欣赏起来容易，说明白难。） 个人觉得，这课出题的可能性不是很大。但我学会了一个翻译：《综合英语》: A Comprehensive English Course Leon 7 Some meanings of Authentic Love 1.If I love you,I’m responsive to most of your major needs as a person.如果我爱你，我就回对你作为人的大多数的主要需求有反映。 2.This commitment does not entail surrendering our total selves to each other;nor does it imply that the relationship is necearily permanent.这种承诺并不需要我们相互放弃自身的特性，也不表示我们的这种关系一定是永久的关系。 3.In other words,love comes into an imperfect world to make it livable.换句话说，爱来到这个不完美的世界，使它可以适合人们居住。（即：因为有了爱，人们才能在这个问题很多的世界上生活下去。） 4.Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete.爱意味着对于我所爱的人，我需要有他，而不是缺了他就不行。

Leon 8 How I designed an A-Bomb in my junior year at Princeton 1.I develop a terrible case of bloodshot eyes.Sleep comes rarely.我的双眼布满了血丝，我很少感到困。 2.Seven days before the design is due,I’m still deadlocked.离规定交设计的日子还有七天的时候，最后两个问题还是毫无进展。 3.But I can’t be sure until I know the exact nature of the explosives I will use.可是，我要是不了解我要使用的炸药的性能，我是不敢肯定我设计的原子弹是不是真的有那么大的威力。 4.”The question has been raised by the department whether your paper should be claified by the U.S.government.” “系里有人已经提出你的论文是否应该由美国政府列为保密项目的问题。” 5.Here I have put on paper the plan for a device capable of killing thousands of people,and all I was worrying about was flunking out.我把一个能够杀死成千人的装置设计出来了，而我一直担心的是再考不及格让我退学。

Leon 9 Forty years on 1.The comparisons were,without exception,to my disadvantage.比较的结果总是我不如他。 2.To me it seemed sinister that Mother always paed on any small achievement of mine.妈妈总是把我每一点小小的成绩传递过去，我觉得这样做好像是不吉利。 3.What a boomerang that proved!By return of post came the news that John had won a scholarship.真是适得其反！她收到的回信带来了约翰获得奖学金的消息。 4.I did have,however,one horribly narrow escape.不过，有一次我是幸免于难。（narrow escape夸张的手法，取得幽默的效果。） 5.In addition to my physical woes I had mental agonies;I prayed that something might occur to prevent this meeting.肉体的痛苦不说，我还受精神压力的折磨；我祈求发生什么意外的事情把这次会面化为泡影。 6.So they played the game both ways,did they? 这么说他们两关玩的是同样的把戏，是不是？

Leon 10 On friendship 1.For a Frenchman,a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more special and carries a heavier burden of commitment.对于法国人、德国人或是英国人来说，友谊一般包含更为特殊的内容，承担更多的义务。 2.Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual,on whatever grounds this recognition is based.与此相关的是,朋友之间彼此使对方感到与众不同,无论这种感觉的依据是什么.3.And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give and take.此外,朋友之间必然要有来有往,互让互谅.

Leon 11 Selling the post(I) 1.The flaw in my character which she had already spotted was lack of "gumption".在我的性格中,她已经发现的弱点是缺少"进取心".2.We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln.Many a grandfather who walked among us could remember Lincoln's time.我们离林肯也只有65年的时间,生活在我们中间的许多爷爷辈的人还记得林肯时代.many a: a large number of(正式)很多 3.Those young men would not go far in this world.那些年轻人在这个世界里没有多在的前程.4.He presented it with reverence fit for a religious object.他毕恭毕敬地把那帆布包递给我,似乎那包是件圣物. Leon 12 Selling the post (II) 1.Put me down as a regular customer.把我算成一个长期买主吧.2.I bowed to superior will and entered journalism with a heavy heart.我只好屈服于我母亲至高无上的意志,心事重重地进入了新闻行业.3.So far as I could make out,what writers did couldn't even be claified as work.按我当时的理解,作家干的事甚至不能算作是工作.4.I did not dare tell anybody for fear of being laughed at in the schoolyard,but secretly I decided that what i'd like to be when i grew up was a writer.这事我不敢跟任何人说,怕在校园里让人笑话,不过我私下认定长大之后要当作家.Leon 13 How to grow old 1.I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health,though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.尽管我喜欢做的事情大多数是有益于健康的，但我从不因某事有益于健康而特意去做那件事。 2.Psychologically there are 2 dangers to be guarded against in old age.One of these is too great an absorption in the past.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to young in the hope of finding strength in its vitality.从心理角度来说，老年时期要提防两种危险。一是沉溺于过去。另一件要避免的事，就是依恋子女，希望从他们身上的活力中获取生命的力量。 3.Three paions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life;the longing for love,the search for knowledge,and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.三个牵挂，简单但又极为深重，支配了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难的无限的同情。 4.This has been my life.I have found it worth living,and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.我就是这样生活的。我认为这样活着值得，如果上天赐我良机，我愿意这样再活一次。

Leon 14 The listener 1.And he sat there,gentle and reflective,his great workman hands resting on outspread thighs.于是他坐在那里，和蔼、深沉，一双劳动者的大手搭在伸开的大腿上。 2.For some time he continued to sit in silence.Then he looked up,lifted those hands calmly,judiciously,and nodded his head.他静静地又坐了一会儿，然后抬起头来，安详地、有见地地举起了双手，点了点头。

Leon 15 Edison: Inventor of invention 1.In my youth the lonely inventor who could not obtain a hearing was still the stock figure of the imagination.我年轻的时候，人们对发明家的印象仍然是那种不为人理睬、孤立无援这种固定模式的人物。 2.In strict truth an invention is almost never the sole product of any one mind.严格地说，一项发明创造几乎不可能只是任何一个个人的思想结晶。 3.It may be that in time we shall become used to change as in our older wisdom we had become used to the unchanging.也许，随着时间的推移，我们会慢慢习惯于变革，就像在此以前，我们的思想状态使我们习惯于停滞不变一样。

those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most diffcult adjustments in both busine and daily life.来自时间观大相径庭的国家的人，可能会发现无论在公务方面还是日常生活中，(在美国)节奏是最难以适应的方面之一。

those coming是主语 from lands...differently作定语修饰those coming may find助动词+V，作谓语

BOOK Ⅰ L1 P14 Why does the author tell s not to be afraid to ask stupid questions? The author thinks that many apparently naive inquiries like why gra is green, or why the sn is round, or why we need 55,000 unclear weapons in the world --are really deep questions.He says when you try to get the answers, you will gain deep understanding of the things.Its also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you dont know, and asking questions is the way.He also tell us to ask stupid questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answers.And dont confine your learning to schoolwork.Discu ideas in depth with friends.Its much brave to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppre your questions and become deadened to the world around you.

L2 Icons P30 What are the factors to shift the hero-worship to the celebrity-worship? The new forms of media--photography, moving pictures, radio and television are the main factors.The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dre, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon.Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what looked like.The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures.Between 1901 and 1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders,inventors, inventors, profeionals, and businemen.After 1922, however, most articles were about movie stars.With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw acro the breakfast table.We came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know personally.Le than seventy years after the appearance of the first movimg pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.

L3 GO-GO AMERICAN P46 What is the Americans attitude towards time?Give neceary examples.In the United States, many people keenly feel the shortne of each lifetime.They are aware that once a day in their life is gone, it will never come back.And Americans believe no one stands still .If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.So they value time and want every minte to count.This attitde towards time is shown in the fast pace of life in the country.Whatever they do they always seem to be in a rush.You find people hurrying to get where they are going.They hurry to eating places for a mea and finish it as quickly as poible.Also Americans do what they can to save time.They produce a lot of labour-saving devices such as clothes-and dish-washers; they rapidly communicate through phone calls, telex and e-mail and cut down on personal contacts.

L4 Take Over,Bosn! P62 Can you imagine what did Barret think of when he heard Snyders whisper Take over,bosn? Becase of thirst,Barret was almost out of mind.He rose several times and was a constant threat.But when he heard Snyder said“Take over, bosn, he had a strange feeling suddenly.He came to realize he would and must take over the task and be responsible for the rest.As long as he stopped others from the little water, they would always have hopes and wouldnt die soon.So he picked Snyders gun up and decided to hold off the other from the water until night when a ship saved them.

L5 Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much? P78 Why parents overindulge their children? There are several reasons to explain why parents overindulge their children.One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their chidren out of a sense of guilt.Parents who both hold down full-time jops may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material poeions.Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt get.Still others are afraid to say no to their childrens denle requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if thy dont have the same playthings their friends have.

L6 Culture Shock P94 What are four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed? Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming.You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh apeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive.When you stay in a new envirnment for a while, you move to stage two-the crisis stage-in which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in.In relationship, you notie annoying habits;in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases.If you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase:recovery.In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort.Finally,when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture, you will move to the fourth phase:adjustment.

L7 The Model Millionaire(I) P108 Suppose you are the millionaire.Explain how you get to know Hughie Erskine and what you do in return for the pound he gave you when you first met.I am Baron Hausberg.I have enough money to buy the whole of London.One day, on a whim I asked my artist friend Alan Trevor to pain me as a beggar.Alan had almost finished the picture when a very charming young man walked into his studio.I suppose he must have been very sympathetic with me, for when Alan was away a minute, the young man quickly put a pound into my hat.I was startled for a moment, but I was pleased when I realized that he took me for a real begger.Later I learned from Alan all about this young man:he was poor, and could not marry the girl he loved because her father wouldnt let them unle he had 10,000 pounds.Touched by the young mans spirit of kindne, I decided to help him.The next day I had a cheque for 10,000 pounds delivered to him as a wedding gift.

L8 The Model Millionaire(II) P123 Retell the story The Model Millionaire in about 150 words, concluding your retelling with a one-sentence comment.Hughie Erskine was a charming young man who was in love with a nice girl called Laura Merton.Lauras father made it clear to Hughie that he would not marry his daughter to him until Hughie had ten thousand pounds.One day,Hughie went to see his artist friend Alan Trevor in his studio.There he found his friend painting a beggar, who was an old man in rags.Hughie felt so sorry for the poor model that he gave him the only pound he had.The old model was actually a millionaire.When he heard all about Hughie and Laura, and their problem, he had a cheque for ten thousand pounds delivered to him the very next day.The couple were happily married,and the beggar attended their wedding.The story shows that a genuine millionaire is not one who has, but who give.

L9 Only Three More Days P139 The author got a solution finally.What was the solution? Was it risky? He laid out the diaries in two big steel suitcases.Over them he palced a number of his broadcast scripts, each page of which had been stamped by the military and civilian censors as paed for broadcast.On top he put a few General Staff maps he had picked up from friends.Then he phoned the Gestapo Headquarters to say he had a couple of suicases full of his dispatches, broadcasts and notes that he wanted to take out of the country.As he was flying off early the next day, there would be no time for Gestapo official at the airfield to go over the contents.Could they take a look now,if he brought them over;and if they approved, put a Gestapo seal on the suitcases so he wouldnt be held up at the airport? Yes,it was risky.He thought life in the Third Reich had always been risky.It was worth a try.

L10 The Washwoman P155 Describe the situation that“I”saw the old washwoman for last time.One evening, while Mother was sitting near the oil lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a gigantic bag, entered the room.I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag.She was even thinner now, more bent.Her head shook from side to side as though she were saying no.She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill badly.But as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing.She said “I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash.The wash would not let me die.……I dont want to be a burden on anyone!”

L11 How I Served My Apprenticeship 170 Why was Andrew Carnegie so pround of the one dollor and twenty cents--the first pay he brought home? Carnegie was very pround of the one dollar and twenty cents he earned for the first time in his life when he was only twelve.The money, though small in amount, meant a great deal.First, when he got his first pay he felt that he had grown up.He was no longer a boy who had to depend on his parents; he had become a man who was able to help support the family, a contributing member.This was important because at that time life was hard for the family and it was difficult for his parents to manage alone.Also he though the money was the direct reward of honest manual labor.It represented a week of very hard work.This money gave him the greatest satisfaction of being rewarded for what he had done.

L12 A Friend of the Environment P185 Why did Rachel Carson write the Silent Spring? Whats the content of it? Because she felt that the wonders of Nature are precious and permanent, and much of Nature was forever beyond the destruction of man.But then she discovered she was wrong.She learned with sadne that little in Nature is truly beyond the tampering reach of man.Then, She wrote the book Silent Spring to sound a startling warming to mankind and the book showed quite clearly that man was endangering himself and everything else on this planet by his indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides.As her title suggests, Mi Carson was saying that there might come a springtime that would indeed be silent because the birds, as well as other creatures, and plants would have been destroyed by the man-made poisons used to kill crop-threateding insects.

L13 Who Shall Dwell? P201 In the story Who shall Dwell?, how did the fatners attitude towards the neighbours change? What brought about the change? When the bomb alert came, the father was clear that he had built the shelter for his own family, and that he would not let anybody else in.So when his neighbours came and asked to share the shelter he rejected them flatly.When a monther begged him to take her little girl in , he did not know what to do.At that monent his wife dashed outside and pushed the girl in.her act set him thinking hard.Just a moment before the first bomb struck he made a big decision.After giving his elder son a few instructions, he stepped out and shoved two children into the shelter.He stood beside his wife, ready to spend the last minute with her.His change seemed sudden, but was actually quite natural.He loved his children, so he was greatly affected by the monthers plea and gave the chance of surival to the two children.Also his love for his wife led him to follow her example.

L14 Cipher in the Snow P218 Describe Cliff Evans life before his sudden death.Cliff Evans lived with his mother, stepfather and five younger half brothers and sisters.His stepfather had never legally adopted him, nor did he show any affection for him.At home Cliff didnt talk much and had never told his family about his problems.When he began school, he was timid but eager to learn.And his IQ was pretty good.Then in the third grade a teacher wrote in the school record that he was uncooperative and slow.Since then he had never got any encouragement from his teachers.Gradually, the child had no more confidence left.He never smiled nor talked much.He had no friends; he had never belonged to a club, never played on a team and never held an office.He came to school by himself and left by himself.In cla, he would sit back in the last seat.Finally he became silent and lonely.He became nothing.

L15 Bribery--An Inevitable Evil? P232 What are the major forms of bribery? Bribery can be claified into three broad categories.The first category consisits of large amounts of money paid for political purposes or to secre major contracts.For example, a certain American company offered big sums of money to support a U.S.presidential candidate when it was nder investigation.Also in order to get big contracts, such payments are often made to ruling families or their close advisers.The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project.In such cases, the money is often paid to key goverment officials concerned.The third category involves payments made in certain countries to make a busine deal easy to get approved.For instance, a foreign company may pay to get permiion to import equipment.A common type of this category is the facilitating payment to clear cargoes.These are smaller sums of money paid to customs officials.

L16 A Social Event P250 What do you know about Randy and Carle in A Social Even? Why are they anxious to get invited to Scottys funeral? Randy and Carole are a young Hollywood couple.They have been married only a short time.Both have achieved a certain degree of succe in pictures, but their careers in the show busine are still in the promising stage.Scotty Woodrow, a world-famous movie star has just died, and Randy and Carole are anxious to go to his funeral, which will be a gathering of celebrities and is regarded as a big social event.It is said that flowers have come from the U.S.President and the British Queen.Randy and Carole think it is extremely important for their career to be seen there with a lot of big shots.But they havet got an invitation while some of their Hollywood friends, also young actors and actrees like themselves, have been invited.Thats why they are worried and are trying hard to find ways of getting themselves invited in the last minute book II L1 Illustrate with manners Dr.Peale mentions in his article Courtesy.Dr.Peale lists three things as the basic ingredients of good manners: a stong sense of justice,the abilit to share another persons inner feelings and the capacity to treat all people alike.Once a mam was driving along a long, narrow and dusty road ahead of another car.Suddenly he stopped off the road and told the driver of the car behind to get ahead of him.He did not want the other person to put up with his dust all the way.This is a man with a strong sense of justice.A courteous person can also understand the pain or unhapine of others.He/She offers help without hurting the feelings of the other person because he/she shares their emotions as if they were his/her own.Finally, a person with good manners treats all people alike,whether they are lain citizens or big shots .He /She never asks whether the other person deserves their good manners.

L2 How did Mr.Fotheringay discover his unusual powers and how did he take advantage of them? It was while he was trying to prove the impoibility of miracles that Mr.Fotheringay discovered his extraordinary powers.He was having a drink in a bar.A person called Toddy opposed everything he said.This made him very angry.He wanted to show oddy that the lamp there couldnt burn upside down without breaking no matter how he wished it to do so.But as soon as he said,Turn upside down without breaking,the lamp did as Fotheringay had just said.Back at home he experimented with his magical powers and came to see that he could with things.The next day he began to take advantage of this unusual power.By his will he first got a fresh goose-egg for breakfast.In the same way he got the whole days work done in 10 minutes.He also created a number of useful things and increased his personal property.

L3 P47 How did Mr.Fotheringays attitude towards miracles changes? Mr.Fotheringay didnt believe in miracles until he was thirty years old.It was while he was aerting the impoibility of miracles that he discovered his extraordery powers.One day,when he was having a drink in a bar,Toddy Beamish opposed everything he said,so he decided to make an unusual effort.He tried to illustrate what was a miracle by giving a special example,that is ,to make a lamp upside down and go on burning steadily without falling.To his great surprise,what he said came true.Everyone was astonished as it.They all didnt believe it.After going back home,he tried his will power.He scceeded in getting a match and lighting the candle with his will power.He wondered at his will power.Then he tried to get himself a nightsirt,lay and cook a goose-egg,do one days work in ten minutes,make walking stick bloom,and sent the policeman to Hades,then to San Francisco by using his will power.In the end he felt delighted even though he understood that the gift reqired cation and watchfulne.

L4 P61 What did Kaz see on that day? When she saw a B-29 bomber approaching,it didnt frighten her,because she thought Hiroshima was the only peaceful city dring the war.Bt,then,Kaz saw the bomb falling awa from the plane and drifting down towards her.The jorney took 43 seconds.A loud explosion reverberated in the air.A mshroon could rose over the remains of the city.Kaz was thrown to the ground s violently that her two front teech broke of.She lost conscousne.When she came to herself,she found ther was a dead silence around,broken only by the cries of the dying.Their house crashed dowm.Her father had the front of his body brnt.When her brother came back ,she could barely recognize him through his wounds.As night fell,she and her brother made for the mountains to look for a friend of Kazs who offered to take them in.There Kaz looked backand saw the city on fire.She left her brother behind and ran down the hillside towards the flames for her parents.The streets were filled with the dead and the barely living.

L5 P77 How did the Wades celebrate the Christmas? Several days before Chritmas,theyd gone down to their own little farm.They had cut a tree in their own woods.They had eaten and slept,and read by the light of oil lamps.The children had been more than satisfied with their presents;there had been balls,erector sets, a number of story books,and a lot of jnk from the five-and-ten for the boys,and for Laura,a picture Emily had found cheap in a second-art shop and samll brooch that had belong to Henrys mother.it was Lauras obvios pleasure that had brightened everything.Whether she was chopping wood,or roming with her brothers,or basting the turkey,or talking politics very sensibly with her father,shed seemed to radiate hapine.On New Years Eve,they had given her a weak highball,the first shed ever had,and she had gone to sleep sitting on the floor with her rosy cheek against Henrys knee.The family all had a very wonderful time!

L6 P94 What is the characteristic of Britains landscape that goes with variety? With variety goes surprise.Ours is the country of happy surprises.You have never to travel long without being pleasantly astonished.It would not be difficult to compile a list of such surprises that would fill the next fifty pages,but I will content myself with suggesting the first few that occur to me.If you go down into the West Contry,among rounded hills and soft pastures,you suddenly arrive at the bleak tablelands as if the North had left a piece of itself down there.But before you have reached them you have already been surprised by the queer bit of marshland,as if a former inhabitant had been sent to Cambridge and had brought his favourite marshland walk back from college with him into the West.

L7 P110 In the authors opinion,what does love mean? Love means that I know the person I love.Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love.Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love.Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love.Love means growth for both myself and the person I love.Love can tolerate imperfection.Love is freeing.Love is expansive.Love means having want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete .love means identifying within the person we love.

L8 P126 How did philips design an atomic bomb in his junior year at Princeton? Philips read over the book on nuclear-reactor technology,general nclear physics,and current atomic theory.Besides,he listened to Dysons explanations of the basic principles of nuclear physics.That wasnt enough.In order to find more useful information,Phillips went to Washington.D.C.,to search for records of the Los Alamos Project that were declaified between 1954 and 1964.He discovered a copy of the literature which carefully outlined all the details of atomic fiioning known to the worlds most advanced scientists in the early 1940s.The biggest problem involved in the explosion of an atomic bomb was how to arrange the explosives around the plutonium.Another problem he was faced with was which explosive he should use to create a very high density.After finding errors,Philips ran through a series of new calculations,carefully figuring the arrangement of the explosives around the plutnium.If his equations were correct,his atomic bomb would expode effectively as expected.But he should know the exact nature of the explosives he would use.Fortunately,he got the very information about these explosives from Du pont Company.Now,so to speak,he already succeeded in designing an atomic bomb on paper.

L9 P143 What do you think are the advantages and goading? I think goading is a good way to prod the children to behave well.In a way ,goading is positive.As human beings,we all have the sense of self--respect and will be proud of our little achievement.If there are occasious prods in the rear,we will in time be conscious of our inefficiency ,and then pre ourselves to achieve higher aims.Just as it affected John and his cousin,goading from time to time can prevent children from being proun of their little achievement.It can make them more modest and prudent.The modest receive benifit,while the conceited reap failure.However,we could not say it is without any harm.Sometimes it might be harmful.it may disappoint children and cause them to lose heart.Perhaps they will collapse after one setback.Therefore,only goading itself is not enough;it must be combined with the proper method to carry it out.

L10 P158 What is your idea about a true friend? In my view,a true friend should be honest,loyal and willing to help.Honesty in friendship means that we should be sincere anf frank.We should not hsitate to point out our friends shortcomings and should never try to cover uo their errors.What we should do is to encourage and help them to improve.Loyalty is impaortant if we want the relationship to last.We have confidence in one another in fine wether and in rainy days.We dont desert our friends when they run into trouble.Not do we cling to them in their scce.We share with our friends both joy and sorrow.True friends are the people we can turn to in all circumstances,as the saying goes,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”They are always ready to lend a helping hand to pull us out of tight corner.I believe in true friendship though truefriends are not easy to find.

L11 P174 Was there difference between Baker and Doris?What were their mothers expections of them? Doris was quite different from Baker in character.Take the example of gumption,Baker lacked it but Doris had enough of it for a dozen people.What Baker liked to do most was lying in front of the radio rereading his favourite Big Little Book,Dick Tracy Meets Stooge Viller.In contrast,Doris liked activity.When she was olny seven,she could carry a piece of short-weighted cheese back to the A&P,threaten the manager with legal action and come back triumphantly with the full quarter pound theyd paid for and a new extra thrown in for forgivene.Mrs.Baker expected her son to make something of himself.She did not expect Doris to do the same only because Doris was a girl.The best a capable girl could hope for was to become a nurse or school teacher.

L12 P191 Describe the Bakers family background and their life then .Then Great Depreion,the worst time before the World War Two,broke out, which lasted from 1929-1933.The year 1932 was the bleakest time in the Great Depreion .The Great Depreion began in America and spread all over the Eropean countries quickly.Also ,it was the Great Deprein that led to the Second World War.Millions of people were out of work.Many factories and landlords went bankrupt.The year 1932 was the climax of the Depreion.The athors father had died two years before,leaving them with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else.His family was poor so that his mother had to take his sister, Doris, and him to live with one of her younger brothers, uncle Allen,who had made something of himself by 1932 as a salesman for a soft-drink bottle and had an income of $30 a week.

L13 What are the two dangers to be guarded against in old age? One of these is too great an absorption in the past.One should not live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadne about friends who are dead.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.This is not always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight .It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid that they are, and ones imnd more keen.If this is true, it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of finding strength in its vitality.When your children are grown uos they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unle they are unusually insensible.

L14 P223 What kind of person was the lighthouse keeper? I think the lighthouse keeper was a person that deserves our respect and admiration.Life in the lighthouse seemed very simple and dull, but he had no desire for anything that he did not need or anything that was beyond his power to obtain.For this reason he declined the tobacco Rudolf offered.Though his world was limited, his mind was as spacious as the ocean he lived closed to.He was kind and generous to Rudolf, a stranger who had come to the lighthouse to seek shelter from the storm.He did not know what a violin was and had never heard msic before, but he could understand Beethovens work Rudolf played for him.He was a man of few words, and did not show much warmth towards Rudolf, but deep down he was greatly attached to his guest.To him the violin was part of the man he wanted to know more about, not something he was interested in because he had never seen it before.

L15 P238 Why the author mentions that it is impoible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions with which his name is aociated? Because he thinks that although many inventions of Edison have been in their effect upon modern civilization, the total effect of Edisons career surpaes the sum of all of them.He did not merely make the lamp and the phonograph and innmerable other devices practicable for general use; it was given to him to demonstrate the power of applied science so concretely, so understandably, so convincingly that he altered the mentality of mankind.In his lifetime,largely because of his succees, there came into widest acceptance the revolutionary conception that man could by the use of his intelligence invent a new mode of living on this planet;the human spirit, which in all previous ages had regarded the confidently,and perhaps somewhat naively, adopted the conviction that anything could be changed and everything could be controlled.

L16Why so many parents indulge their children with too many material things? In recent years,our life standard is become better and better.Someone usually said that the children now were more lucky than the children in the past because now their requirements can be well satisfied, especially for material things.Some parents think that they should give their children everything they want because they love htem.And also because some parents have ahd difficult was young, they are glad to fulfil

语法 Grammar & Usage Subject-Verb Agreement (I) 1．主谓一致的三条原则 1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。 Human beings enjoy learning.Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.2）意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。 The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.The dollars was a lot of money at that time.3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.2．集体名词作主语时与动词的一致 1）当主语为furniture， equipment， machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。 The furniture in that shop is all made in China.Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.A lot of new machinery has been installed.2）集体名词如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作复数用。 Some people drive madly in this country.Many cattle have died because of the fold.The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.3)family, government, cla, committee, audience , team, public 等词被视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数；被视做为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。 His family is a happy one.His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.The Democratic Government is in power now.The government is/are considering further tax cuts.The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.Our cla is the top cla in the grade.The cla are busy taking notes.3．并列主语与动词的一致 1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数动词。 Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.Toast and marmalade (果酱面包) is my favorite breakfast.Fish and chips (炸鱼与土豆片) is served every day.2）当主语是由and， both ….and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。 Jack and Mary are in love with each other.Both Tom and John are absent today.War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.3)在又or或 nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or 或 nor 后边的名词或代词保持一致。 He or his brothers are to blame for this.Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.Neither she nor you are mistaken.Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.4) not only … but also 连接的结构做主语时，动词的单、复数形式依据but also 后的名词或代词。 Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.LESSON 2 Subject-Verb Agreement (II) 1.带确定数量词的名词词组做主语时的主谓一致 1)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如果该名词所表示的数量看作一个整体，其后的动词用单数。 Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television.A thousand dollars a month is more than I can afford.Four years I too long for me to wait.Sixty miles is a short run in a car.2) 当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如该名词所表示的数量看作单个个体，其后的动词用复数。 The past three weeks were the hardest time in his life.Hundreds of buildings were put up in the city last year.Five kilos of apples are placed into the basket.3) 当主语为“分数或百分数+of+名词”时，其后的动词形式依照of后名词的单复数形式来定。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.Three-fourths of the people do not agree with the president.One-fourth of the region is underdeveloped.Thirty percent of the oil in that country is imported.Ten percent of the eggs have gone bad.Fifty percent of the land in that region has been used to build factories.4)当主语为sheep， fish， deer， aircraft， means， steelworks 等单数与复数同形的词时，动词的形式以名词单、复数意义为准。 An American aircraft was brought down by the anti-aircraft fire.Three aircraft are reported miing.Various means have been tried to solve the problem.Two steelworks were built ten years ago.Ten fish have been caught today.One sheep was killed by a wolf.2.all的主谓一致 1) 代词all表示可数的人或物时，其后的动词用复数形式。 All were hungry and desperate for food.All who have seen the film love it.All of them enjoyed themselves at the party.2) 代词all表示不可数的名词时，其后的动词用单数.All is going well.All is quite in the middle of the night.All you have to do now is wait.All that glitters is not gold.All of his money is gone.3) 形容词 all+可数名词时，其后的动词用复数形式。 All roads lead to Rome.All the people taking part in the race were over 60 years old.All things are difficult when we begin to do them.4) 形容词all+不可数名词时，其后的动词用单数形式。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Not all food is good to eat.

推荐第10篇：英语本科自考教材

英语专业（本科）指定用书

1.高级英语

《高级英语自学考试大纲》 外语教学与研究出版社 《高级英语》 王家湘 张中载主编 外语教学与研究出版社

2.现代语言学

《现代语言学自学考试大纲》 外语教学与研究出版社 《现代语言学》 何兆雄主编 外语教学与研究出版社

3.旅游英语选读

《旅游英语选读自学考试大纲》 高等教育出版社 《旅游英语选读》 修月祯主编 高等教育出版社

4.外语教学法

《外语教学法自学考试大纲》 高等教育出版社 《外语教学法》舒白梅主编 高等教育出版社

5.英语写作

《英语写作自学考试大纲》 辽宁大学出版社 《英语写作》 杨俊峰主编 辽宁大学出版社

6、英语翻译

《英语翻译自学考试大纲》 外语教学与研究出版社 《英语翻译教程》 庄绎传主编 外语教学与研究出版社

7、英语语法

《英语语法自学考试大纲》 外语教学与研究出版社 《现代英语语法》 李基安主编 外语教学与研究出版社

8、第二外语（日、俄、法语任选一种）

日语：《日语》 日本光林图书出版株式会社合作编写 人民教育出版社

俄语：《俄语初级教程（修订本）》中国人民大学俄语教研室编 中国人民大学出版社

法语：《大学法语简明教程》 薛建成主编 外语教学与研究出版社

9、英语词汇学

《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》 外语教学与研究出版社 《英语词汇学》 张维友主编 外语教学与研究出版社

10、外贸函电

《外贸函电自学考试大纲》 中国人民大学出版社 《外贸函电》 诸葛霖主编 中国人民大学出版社

11、英美文学选读

《英美文学选读自学考试大纲》 外语教学与研究出版社 《英美文学选读》 张伯香主编 外语教学与研究出版社

第11篇：自考英语复习经验

过来人自述自考英语

一、二的复习经验

英语(论坛)

（一）、英语

（二）对很多自考的同学来说是比较难以通过的两门课程，因为自考生的背景虽然差异很大，但大多数基础不好，而英语是非常依赖基础的一门课程，所以大家通过起来格外困难，我跟大家的情况类似，没有上过高中，英语只停留在初中的水平，又工作多年，所从事的工作跟英语关系不大，而平常工作又比较忙，这种情况下如何通过自考英语

（一）或英语

（二）的考试哪？通过摸索，我发现了一条适合在职人员，时间不是很充裕的情况下，通过自考英语的方法，在此与大家分享：首先，我声明一件事，把背单词提高到多高的地步都不为过，单词是语言的基础，没有地基不可能有空中楼阁，我的方法比较适合应付考试的上班族，如果你有充足的时间，或是想把英语学好，请不要使用我的方法，请大家切记，切记……

接下来，我第一件事要说的就是，我方法是不“背”单词，或者说少背单词，因为成年人的时间和记忆力有限，背单词是效果最差的学习方法，好不容易背下了几百单词，只要几天工作繁忙，没时间复习，很快就会忘掉大半，而且大家的情况往往很盲目，根本不知道要考什么单词，所以这样去背，效果真的很差，我建议在你做所有的事情之间，至少做一件事儿，就是找一份带答案的历年试题，自己好好做一下，掐表做题，按照正规的考试时间，然后给自己判卷。很多同学可能对这个方法很抵触，认为自己基础很差，直接做题不是自取其辱吗？其实这样做的意义无非两点，第一，可以充分了解题型，简单体会出题人思路。第二，就是充分了解自己，看看自己到底能得多少分，哪里个题型自己相对拿手，那个题型需要下功夫学习，那个题型可以放弃。

下面我以大多数同学的情况来说明一下试卷的分布情况，试卷分为客观（选择题），主观（自己笔答），一般各占50分。

客观部分首先是10分的四选一，主要考核语法和词汇知识，这部分题目属于简单的，一定要拿到6分以上，否则通过堪忧，提高起来也很容易，常考得无非词义辨析、动词的时态、复合句，其中非谓语动词和虚拟语气已经是难度极限了，而所有这些东西，在大学英语自学教程的上册`（下册也有一部分，英语一不考，英语二考核也很少），每个单元后面的语法讲座里都包括了，其实那个语法讲座是非常好的，附有大量实例和联系，是非常好的资料，我建议大家好好看看，好好做做，通过这个，就可以搞定自考英语考卷上绝大多数的语法。

其次是完型填空，也是10分，2007年1月的完型填空相当简单，那次考试的同学真是有福了，其实这应该是客观部分最难的题了，他和前面说的四选一，考核要点基本一样，复习方式也基本一样，只靠单元语法联系足以，不同的是还要联系上下文做答，所以要特别注意时态一致，有时候还要联系上下文的意思，填入连词，转折关系不要选成顺接连词。这一部分，根据统计，平均得分率低于5分，所以这里答不好，大家也不要太在意，你答不好，别人也一样的。

最后一部分是阅读理解，这是30分，这是最好突击提高的部分，我们的目标是26分以上，有人认为是天方夜谭，其实我一开始也这么想，但很幸运，我遇到了一个好的老师，他告诉我们了一个非常有效的方法，记得第一次上他的课，他就给每人发了一分阅读资料，限时大家5分钟内答完，所有的同学都以为老师疯了，因为按照时间算，每篇阅读理解，考试的时候，有将近15分钟时间可以使用。但他要求5分钟内答完，结果不言而喻，大家甚至连题都没读完，心情相当沮丧，但这个时候老师交给我们了，我认为是目前我知道的最好的答题方法，他让我们先读题，然后带着问题去看文章，不过跟一些老师的方法不同，他只让我们看问题，千万不要看答案，因为这样不但浪费时间，而且容易干扰你阅读思路。而带着问题看文章，最大的好处是，看到关键点，能马上意识到，而不是先看完了文章再看问题，看到问题再回来找关键点，节省了宝贵的时间。然后他带着我们把整个文章讲解了一个，每一个我们不认识的单词，他都帮我们翻译了，并且问了我们一个问题，哪一部分的单词最重要，结果不言而喻，问题里的生词最重要，其次是答案，最后才是文章类的，但令人惊喜的是，问题很多时候是一样的，答案也有几类有可能是同样的，只有文章是每次不同的，这真是让我们如获至宝，如果我上来就开始背单词，我绝对不会意识到，最重要的单词原来不在课后的单词表，而是在考卷里。然后老师在后面的没节课前，都拿出15分钟做一篇阅读，都给我们详细讲解，又给我们总结了阅读理解中的几种常见题型，大多数时候，考试无出其右。

第12篇：自考英语诀窍总结

1 学习英语或任何外语的最基本的方法是什么或怎样才能高效率的学习英语？

答：是熟练或熟习。想想我们的母语，你就会明白， 我们从小并未特意学习却能进行自由的交流靠的就是不断的听别人说和模仿而自然获得的一种技能。这种技能已经深深扎根于我们的大脑之中，成为我们的天性。因 此，对于母语，我们不需太多的学习，不需刻意去听就能听的懂，不用分析就能明白那些高难的句子，就是因为母语已经成为我们的一种习惯，可以即听即懂，可以 随意发挥，随心所欲。对于学习外语也同样是这样，需要把陌生的单词片语和句型不断的熟悉和熟练，使之成为我们的一种习惯，把她变成我们的第二天性。这样你 就可以比较自由的驾驭一门外语了。因此，重复重复再重复，熟练熟练再熟练，是掌握一门外语的不二法门。

2 怎样或用什么方法才能最大程度的熟练或熟习英语？

答： 这个问题可能因人而异。因为有人对听敏感一些，而有些人则对阅读更感兴趣。就我的经验来看，多听可能是比较现实的一种方法。因为说和写是一种对语言的再创 造，是一种输出。他们需要有大量的输入，即听和读来做为基础。而听可以增加我们对语音的熟悉程度，增强语感，减少记忆的难度。我们在学习母语时往往已知道 一个词的发音和词义，而不知如何拼写。学外语则不同，这三方面我们往往都不知道，需要逐一记忆。这也是我们学习外语比学习母语困难的一大原因。所以从听入 手可以减少语音方面的记忆困难，集中精力对付词义和拼写。另一方面随身听，MP3等也为随时听外语提供了方便条件。平常可以进行泛听，有时间就要把泛听中 没听懂的逐一找出，进行必要的记忆。对于那些看文本认识，却未听出的地方，就是你听力方面的薄弱环节，要定期总结归纳吸取教训。看是由于自己发音不准，还 是片语句型不熟造成的。针对弱点要集中予以克服。

3 背诵对于学习英语必要吗？

答： 很有必要。因为背诵是一种对语言最大的熟练方式，只不过由于背诵往往是一种短期的，记忆时间稍长就会忘记。虽然背过的内容我们可能忘记，但对英语的句型和习惯用法则不会彻底忘记。通过背诵，会潜移默化的影响我们对语言习惯的认同。只要时常对背过的文章听一听读一读，把短期记忆转化成长期，记忆效果会更佳。

4 如何背诵课文呢

答：一般宜分二步来进行。

首先，应对要背诵的材料进行精听，可以一边听一边跟着念，直到不看书也能顺利的跟读下来为止。这样可以最大限度的减少背诵的难度。具体背时又分三种方法：

一、关键词提示背诵法：即把课文中的关键词写下来做为提示进行背诵以减少背诵的难度

二、翻译背诵法：即先把课文翻译成汉语，再根据汉语倒议回英语。这种方法对于理解英汉差异，自觉避免中国式英语以及英汉互译能力都会有很大的帮助

三、关键句背诵法：即将所学课文中的好的、漂亮的、难以掌握的句子予以摘录进行背诵。这种方法可以最大的节省时间，高效的进行学习，是时间紧张者学习英语的好方法。5 如何才能高效省时的复习已学过的知识？

答：可以用听读法或者听录法来复习具体见本章附录

6 有必要一次研究一个单词的20 或更多个词义吗

答： 我曾经走过这样的弯路，就是集中一段时间对几个单词的不同词义进行研究。结果过一段时间后，他们就又统统忘掉了。这样形成一种恶性循环，就是成批地记，结 果却成批的忘，因此坚决的反对这种劳民伤财的做法。为克服以上缺点就需要我们扩大阅读量，在不断的阅读当中，词汇的不同用法和不同词义都会碰到。这样更容 易记住他们，并且会不断的巩固已学的用法和词义。

7 有必要专门花时间学习俚俗语吗

答：没有必要。记得以前有人在论坛中贴了一篇关于北京俚 语的帖子。结果我发现这些对我耳熟能详的话，却没有几个人能够真正的理解。看这就是理俗语的局限性它只适合一时一地，离开了这个环境就会失去它本应具有的 思想沟通的功能。英语也一样，因为英语被如此广泛的使用，在不同的地方就会产生不同的俗语，就是在美国不同州之间，也存在不同的俚俗语。这些俚俗语的局限 性就像北京俚语一样，离开了它生存土壤就很难被人理解。因此对于大部分的英语学习者来说，正确的掌握标准的英语就可以了，而不必专门研究学习那些古怪的英语中的北京话。

再来看看新概念的作者L.G.ALEXANDER 对这个问题的看法：

没 必要，这其实是一件很危险的事。我们在学外语时希望确切了解以此为母语的人是怎么说话的，俚语一般是粗鲁和无礼的，做为一个初学者你不知道粗俗和无礼的程 度。在与以英语为母语的人说话时，你要是使用这些俚俗语他们可能会很震惊。现代词典把某些词或词组明确标明为禁忌，说明在礼仪之社会使用这些词是粗俗和令 人不快的，理解这些词是可以的，但切忌使用以免冒犯他人。

8 有必要专门花时间记忆和学习类似it is raining cats and dogs the pot calling the kettle black to add insult to injury 这样的谚语吗？

答： 没必要。（更多考试资讯尽在http:///）在牛津现代高级英语词典中写道，这些谚语很少用于一般谈话或写作中。虽然以英语为母语的人懂得大部分英语成语的意思，但他们极少去用，即使是用， 也只是想表现一下幽默，且在成语前经常加上一些套话，象you know what they say…“或”as the old saying goes…“ 因为这些成语都是关于人世经验的颇为明显的话，一般人认为用成语的人头脑迟钝，必须借用成语才能表达自己的思想或感受。因此我们应慎重的使用成语。

新概念的作者L.G.ALEXANDER 说：我的建议是完全不要理会这些成语，记住他们对你的英语水平没有丝毫益处，学会这些成语和掌握地道的英语完全是两回事。

9 学习短语或短语动词重要吗？

答： 太重要了在牛津现代高级英语词典中写道，一个以英语为母语的人或运用英语的能力相当于以英语为母语的人的重要特征是，他能够了解和正确使用象make up one„s mind be allears 之类的短语……以英语为母语的人用这些短语是自然和不知不觉的，你则需要在用之前先学习。你用的越多他们便会成为你英语中自然的一部分，如果你不用他，你 的英语将永远是“外国的”。新概念的作者L.G.ALEXANDER 说，在英语中短语动词比，普通的动词用的更普遍。当某人敲门时我们更倾向于说Come in！ 而不说Enter！ 我们倾向于说put out the fire/put the fire out，而不说Extinguish the fire .短语动词常有习惯用语的用法put the cat out 就是字面用法把它放在外面。put the fire out 是一个习语用法使熄灭。你必须掌握这些短语动词，因为他们很常见。

10 我是一个业余学习英语者时间有限应该怎样学习英语呢？ 如何做到听说读写齐头并进？

答： 对于大部分用业余时间来学习的人，白天要上八小时的班，下班后还要有其他事情处理，留给学英语的时间本不多。实践表明对于一个没有语言环境的学习者来说每 天只学习一到二个小时，能保持原来的英语水平就不错了。因为每次学过的东西需要花数倍的时间来复习，才能把短期记忆转化为长期记忆。语言才能在我们的头脑 中固化下来，因此要集中有限的时间以听读听写或阅读为突破点，先行发展争取在较短的时间突破单词和阅读关，然后以点带线以线带面去发展说写的能力。这样也 比较符合语言的规律，即听和读是输入，是基础，有了大量的输入，才能有输出，即说和写。当然也可以针对一篇自学资料同时进行听写听读背诵复述写摘要等练习，使听说读写各方面都同时得以提高，但千万不要针对听说读写分别找四本教材一起来学。

11 我的时间有限，如何能在最短的时间内学完一本教材？

答： 集中一段时间把整本书的生词查一遍，把不懂的语法现象都找出搞懂，然后把有生词的句子和难句、漂亮的句子一一摘抄下来，集中时间反复将他们背诵下来。这样 可以在最短的时间内学完一本教程。我曾用此法在半个月的时间里学完一本三百多页的英语中级教程，李阳在大学里也用此法在几周内将国内很有名气的一本英语专 业需四年才能完成的听力教程step by step 搞定。充分说明此法威力的巨大，当然学完后进行强化复习以巩固所学的成果还是十分必要的。

12 我很少有时间坐下来学习应该怎样学习英语呢？

答：找一本适合自己水平的配有录音的教材，平常就利用空余时间反复听录音，有时间就坐下来对照文本将自己未听出的部分逐一解决掉，务求能够最终把录音一字不差的听懂。这样对自己的英文水平也是有提高作用的。

13 我很少有机会使用英语，又不想放弃，辛辛苦苦已学过的那么多年的英语该如何办？答：你已过学了一段时间的英语了就说明你已有了一定词汇量要保持你原有的水平可以选择这样，一套录音带

1 包含四五千词汇量

2 包含常用的句型和语法

3 内容生动适合反复听

有了它等于在你的周围营造了一个英语的小环境，时常听一听就可以温故而知新。同时平常再多看看英文报纸、电视、电影你的水平就可保持在原有的水准之上。

14 读报纸和杂志对我的英语水平的提高会有作用吗？

答： L.G.Alexander说，就覆盖面而言任何教材都是难以与报纸相比的。每天读点报纸上的文章，这会使你接触到用纯正的现代英语所写的题材广泛的文 章，同时它也是巩固和扩大你的知识结构和词汇的好方法。因此我要说阅读报纸是你提高英语水平的最佳方式，但不要强迫自己读太多，要不然你会对学习英语失去 兴趣的。当然你的旧教材也别扔掉，因为你的教材可以帮助提示你所遗忘的东西。

15 我已学英语十多年了发现我现在的水平很难再提高了应该怎么办？

答： L.G.Alexander 当我们学习一门语言时迟早会达到一个极限的。就像我喜欢打乒乓球，但即使我花掉我的余生来练习它，我也达不到一个中国世界级选手的水平。多年前我的水平就 以达到了极限，如果你也达到了这个极限，就应该接受这个现实毕竟只有极少数。

第13篇：英语自考词汇总结

第一单元

1.常考单词：

goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity

2.常考词组：

in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down

3.常考句子：

1) A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.

2) Often managers must make a best gue at what the future will be and try to leave as little as poible to chance.

3) If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.

4) For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.

5) For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.

6) Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestyes，25at least，for any future that concerns us now.

3) The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman.

4) If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.

第十单元

1.常考单词：

election vote certainty loyalty decline democrat strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir congre representative

2.常考词组：

to identify„„as impact on

3.常考句子：

1) Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.(para.4)

2) Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate\'s personal characteristics.(para.4)

此句注意主语从句作主语。

3) A year later，with the nation\'s economy in trouble，Bush\'s approval rating dropped below 40 percent.

4) Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.

5) Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bush\'s 38 percent and Perot\'s 19 percent.

第十一单元

1.常考单词：

disorder irrelevant misleading irresponsible eventual replace partly undergo suitable to do research into be central to be irrelevant to to aim for

2.常考句子：

1) The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.

2) Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.

3) People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.

4) It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.

5) The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.

6) Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.

7) The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.

8) This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.

9) Profeor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as poible.

10) This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.

include 后面接动名词作宾语。

11) In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat\'s leg.

involve 后面接动名词作宾语。

12) When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.

When it comes to 当提到 „ 的时候

第十二单元

1.常考单词：

symptom intellectual detail initial inventor confront sensitivity reflection creativity character trace modest investment to substitute „ for be contrary to to put off be confronted with to gaze at be unaware of to impre„on be free from be beneficial to

2.常考句子：

1) At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.

2) There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.(para.2)

3)Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an exce of it.(para.2)

4)Not only are they le able to deal with the preure of day-to-day existence，but also their self -control and self-direction become endangered.(para.2)

5) But its beneficial effects go beyond this.(para.3)

Go beyond 表示“超越 „，不仅仅是 „ ”

6)Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.

Take advantage of 利用

7) Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.(para.7)

8) Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to succe.

The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.

第十三单元

1.常考单词：

compel voluntary undertake coincide manual efficiency compulsion division eliminate boring amusement so far as „knows to coincide with attitude toward to go in for

2.常考句子：

1) He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.

2) Whether a job is to be claified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.

3) The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.

4) So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.

第十四单元

1.常考单词：

device compaion grab belonging threatening convince foster persuasion avail suspect profound to convince sb.to do sth.to comment on

2.常考句子：

1)It was a microcaette found in Kathleen Weinstein\'s shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compaion.

本句是个强调句，另外注意 found 的用法

2) It was there，police believe，that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.本句是强调句。

3) Weinstein\'s body，with hands and feet bound，was discovered by a hiker on March17.

4) But before she died she somehow slipped the microcaette into her pocket without her killer knowing it.

第十五单元

1.常考单词：

solely content sensible persist vital logic evaluate raw ultimate functional extension undue concrete conquer error prolong technician proof poe to pull down to mistake„for to distinguish between to come to terms with to end in to reflect on to come about to speculate on

2.常考句子：

1) Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research.

2) Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others.

注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“ connect „ to ”表示“把 „ 与 „ 连接起来”。

3) The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom.

本句中注意“ tendency ”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“ mistake „ for ”表示“把 „ 错认为 „ ”

4) For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.

更多>>

第14篇：自考 英语二词汇表

自考 英语二词汇表

accomplish vt.完成(任务等) goal n.目的，目标；得分进球，球门 tendency n.趋势，倾向

managerial a.经理的，管理人的；管理上的，经营上的 implement vt.实现；完成；履行 suboptimization n.局部最优化，次优化 achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩 multiple a.多样的，复合的 n.倍数 constraint n.强制；强制因素，制约条件 scheme n.计划；方案 vt./vi.计划，策划 attain vt.达到；完成

define vt.解释，给…下定义；限定，规定 accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏 correctne n.正确，正确性

budget n.预算 vt.把…编入预算；安排，预定 organizational a.组织(上)的 maker n.制造者；制造商 optimal a.最适宜的；最理想的 precedent n.先例，前例

argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服 predict vt./vi.预言；预示 slimplify vt.简化

1 objective n.目标，目的 a.客观的；无偏见的 profitability n.赚钱，获得

trade-off n.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡；物物交 speechle a.不会说话的；不说话的 candidate n.候选人，候补者；应试者 interviewer n.接见者；面谈者 entity n.存在，实体；统一性 community n.社区；共同体

unintended a.非计划中的，非故意的 ongoing a.进行中的，前进的 to make a gue at 猜测 in part 部分地，在某种程度上 indifference n.冷漠；不感兴趣(to) vague a.含糊的；不明确的 skilled a.熟练的；有技能的 and the like 等等，诸如此类

prospect n.展望，景象；［常pl.］前景，前程 clarification n.澄清，阐明 criticism n.批评；评论 notion n.概念；想法，看法 personality n.个性；人格；品格 interview vt./n.面谈，采访；面试，口试 correspondence n.符合，一致；通信 prospective a.预期的；未来的

unattractive a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的 in the way 挡路；碍事

2 point of view 观点 to seek to 追求，争取 day to day work 日常工作

exert vt.尽(力)；施加(压力等)；行使(职权等) miniskirt n.超短裙 astronomer n.天文学家

photocopy vt./n.复印，影印；照相复制本 to ask for 请求，向…要；寻找 to turn down 拒绝；调小或调低；翻下 escape vi./vt.逃跑；避免 n.逃跑；逃路，出口 to one's advantage 对某人有利 punk n.(俚)阿飞；朋克 a.颓废派的 intimidate vt.恐吓，恫吓 clutch vt./vi.抓住，握紧 to make sure 查明，弄确实；确信 grip vt./n.紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制

conservative a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的to take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力 to apply for 申请

rephrase vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示 in hand 手头上有 painful a.痛苦的；费力的 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 inefficiency n.无效；效能差 resume n.摘要，梗概；个人简历 panel n.专门小组

neat a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的

gravity n.严肃，认真；重要性；［物］重力 convincing a.有说服力的，使人信服的 galaxy n.［天］星系，［G-］银河系 boundary n.分界线，边界

implication n.含意，暗示；牵连，涉及，卷入 constant a.永恒的，经久不变的；经常的 n.常数companion n.同伴，同事；［天］伴星(=～star) neutron n.［物］中子

launch vt.发射；使(船)下水 n.发射，(船)下水 dwarf n.矮子；［天］矮星

twin a./n.双胞胎(的)［Twins］［天］双子座 binary a.二，双；二进制的 n.双(体)；联星 speculation n.推测，猜测；投机 basis n.基础，根据；主要成份；军事基地 observer n.遵守者，奉行者；观察者，监视者 interchangeable a.可交换的；可互换的 daytime n.白天，日间 observatory n.天文台；了望台

collapse vt./vi./n.(使)倒塌，(使)崩溃；瓦解 measurement n.衡量，测量 explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸；突发 supernova n.［天］超新星

density n.密集度，稠密度；［物][化］密度 shrink vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；退缩，畏缩 marble n.弹子；大理石 a.大理石的，大理石般的

thrilling a.令人激动的；颤动的，震颤的 Star of Bethlehem 圣诞星 outer a.外部的 mankind n.［用作单或复］人类

Milky Way 银河；银河系(=Milky Way galaxy) Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家) operate v.运转，起作用；动手术；操作；经营 to research into 研究

microscopic a.显微镜的；微观的；微小的，细微的 speculation about 关于…猜测 concerned a.有关的；关切的，担心的 largely ad.大量地；主要地 astronaut n.宇航员

unlikely a.未必可能的；靠不住的 swallow vt.吞咽 n.燕子

solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的 glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁 n.闪光 whereas conj.而，却；反之 revolve vi.旋转；绕转 to swallow up 吞没，耗尽 cloudle a.无云的，晴朗的 leer a.较小的；更少的；次要的 planet n.行星

White Dwarf ［天］白矮星 to make use of 利用

crowd n.群，人群 vi.聚集，群集

5 plateau n.(［复］plateaus或plateaux)高原 as a rule 通常；一般说来 weaken vt.削弱，减弱 vi.变弱 parliament n.议会，国会；［P-］议会

whilst conj.(=while)当…时；然而；虽然，尽管 above all 首先，首要

debate vt./n.争论，辩论 vi.对…进行争论，辩论injection n.注射；注射剂，针剂 criterion n.标准，准则 prosecute vt.对…起诉，告发 euthanasia n.无痛楚的死亡；安乐死 nationwide a.全国性的 ad.在全国范围内 deteriorate vt./vi.(使)恶化

Dutch a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的 n.荷兰人；荷兰语 request vt./n.请求，要求 a great many 很多 lethal a.致死的

tropical a.热带的；炎热的 coloured a.有色的 legal a.法律上的；合法的

Dutchman n.(［复］Dutchmen)荷兰人 religion n.宗教；宗教信仰

circumstance n.［pl.］情况，环境；境遇 ensure vt.保证，担保

oppose vt.反对，反抗；使相对，使对抗(to) sensitive a.敏感的；灵敏的，感光的

opt vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择 to make request for 要求… council n.理事会；委员会 healthcare n.保健

burden n.负担；责任，义务 vt.使负重担；麻烦 tradition n.传统；惯例 hospice n.(晚期病人)收容所

moving a.活动的，移动的；动人的，令人感动的 prohibition n.禁止；禁令 be opposed to 反对

elderly a.较老的，人过中年的 n.近老年人 consideration n.考虑；体谅，照顾 disabled a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的 shorten vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少

vulnerable a.易受伤的，弱小的；易受…攻击的 paternalistic a.家长式统治的；家长作风的 founder n.创始者；缔造者 to be affected with 患有…疾病 to take...into account 考虑到 to debate on 关于…进行辩论 need for 对…的需要

individual n.个人，个体，独立单位 a.个人的；个别的to open up 打开；开办，开辟，开发；坦诚地谈话 conspiracy n.阴谋，密谋；阴谋集团，阴谋帮派 appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定 The Netherlands 荷兰(=Holland)

Wilfred van Oijen 威尔弗雷德·范·奥仁(人名) unfair a.不公平的，不公正的 entry n.进入；入口；登记，条目，账目 privilege n.特权 vt.给予…特权

Cees van Wendel de Joode 齐思·范·万德尔·德·尤德(人名) to opt out (of) 决定不参加…，决定(从…)退出 Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁·福格森(人名) merit n.优点，长处；功绩，功劳 senior a.年长的；大学四年级的 n.年长者 graduate v.(使)(大学)毕业 n.大学毕业生，研究生 bias n.偏见 v.［常用被动语态］有偏见 private a.私人的；私营的；秘密的，私下的 escalator n.自动扶梯

to have...at heart 对某事十分关心 headmaster n.(中学或小学的)校长 Cicely Saunders 茜西莉·桑德斯(人名) employment n.使用；雇佣；职业，工作

profeion n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的) network n.［纺］网眼织物；网状物，网络 leading a.领导的，指引的；最重要的，主要的 publish vt.出版，刊印；公布，发表

old-boy n.老同学；(招呼用)老朋友，老弟，老兄 prime a.最初的，基本的；主要的；最好的 fiercely ad.凶猛地，凶残地；猛烈地 on average平均

vision n.想像力，幻觉；视力，视觉；眼光

8 elitist n.杰出人物 a.杰出人物(统治论)的 ivy n.常青藤

applicant n.申请人，请求者 to blame...for 为…责备某人

remedial a.治疗的，治疗上用的；补救的 elite n.精英，杰出人物 a.杰出的，精英的 excellence n.优秀，杰出

clale a.无阶级的；不属于任何阶级的 to amount to 达到，总计；相当于，等于 by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言 competitive a.竞争的，比赛的 academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的

equivalent a.相等的；等价的 n.等价(物)；对应词 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的 be worth doing 值得做…

abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消

entrance n.进入；入口，门口；入场，入会，入学 performance n.执行；表现，工作性能；演出，演奏 recruit vt./vi.征募(新兵)，吸收；补充 n.新成员 replicate vt.重复；复制

acceible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的Clare Bolderson 克莱尔·博尔德森(人名) folk n.人们；［口］家属，亲属 a.民间的 Don Claxton 唐·克莱克斯顿(人名) punishment n.处罚，罚，刑罚；折磨，损害 disaffection n.不满

inhumane a.不人道的，残忍的

civil a.国民的，民用的；国内的，民间的 union n.工会，协会；结合，联合

distinct a.与其他不同的，独特的；明显的 musician n.音乐家；作曲家 rock'n'roll n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞

musically ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地 blues n.布鲁斯；慢四步舞

liberty n.自由，自由权；冒昧，失礼；特许权，特权rhythmic a.有韵律的；有节奏的

transformation n.变化，转化；改造，改革 Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文·布朗斯坦(人名) Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名) to call up 打电话；使想起，使忆起 to watch over 看守，照管，监视 argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由

Huntsville 亨茨维尔(城市名，位于阿拉巴马州北部) Georgia 佐治亚(美国州名) Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) in unison 完全一致地

deny vt.否定，否认；拒绝接受，拒绝给予 toilet n.盥洗室；厕所 eyewitne n.目击者；见证人 United Kingdom 联合王国 weed n.杂草，野草 vt.除草，拔草 ditch n.沟，沟渠 vt./vi.开渠；筑渠

circus n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场 interstate a.［主美］州际的 unison n.一致；协调 gap n.裂口，裂缝 racial a.种族的

racist n.种族主义者 a.种族主义的；种族歧视的 shackle n.［常pl.］镣铐；［pl.］束缚，枷锁 Singapore 新加坡岛；新加坡；新加坡市 spokesman n.发言人；代言人

plantation n.种植园，大农场；植树造林 BBC 英国广播公司

correspondent n.对应物；新闻通讯员，记者，通信者gang n.一队，一族；一群，一帮

The Philippines 菲律宾(国)；菲律宾群岛 re-introduction n.重新采用，重新引入 Lydia Garcia 莉迪亚·加西亚(人名) Kumari 库马里(人名) Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡

degrade vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化 conceion n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地 immigration n.移居；外来的移民 to convict...of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪 breadwinner n.养家糊口的人 to bring over 把…带来；使转变 be deserving of 值得；应得 be supposed to 应该

shelf n.(壁橱，书橱内)搁板；架子 deserving a.应得的，值得的(of) immigrant a.移民的，侨民的 n.移民，侨民 kingdom n.王国；领域

Filipino n.菲律宾人(语) a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的 convict vt.证明…有罪(of)；宣判 n.罪犯 execute vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将…处死 foreigner n.外国人

Saudi n.沙特阿拉伯人 a.沙特阿拉伯(人或语)的 leaflet n.小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页 maid n.少女；侍女，女仆

incidence n.影响程度，影响范围；发生率 despite prep.尽管，任凭 deport vt.驱逐出境 employee n.雇员，雇工

status n.情形，状况；地位，身份

minimum n.最小量；最低限度 a.最小的；最低的 guilt n.有罪；内疚

Stanford (美国)斯坦福大学

Walter Ellis 沃尔特·埃利斯(人名) Oxford 牛津；牛津大学 paport n.护照

Oxbridge 牛津大学和剑桥大学；该校之学生 Harvard (美国)哈佛大学 Cambridge 剑桥；剑桥大学

domestic adj.家庭的，家务的；国内的n.家仆，佣人

sexually ad.在性方面 Briton n.大不列颠人；英国人 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 John Rae 约翰·雷(人名) diplomat a.外交家；外交官

statistics n.统计数字，统计资料；［用作单］统计学 exploit vt.开发，开采；利用；剥削 abroad ad.到国外；在国外 Princeton (美国)普林斯顿大学 lvy League 常春藤联合会；名牌大学的 Yale (美国)耶鲁大学

campaign n.战役；运动 v.参加运动，参加竞选活动 Berkeley 伯克利；加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校 Westminster 威斯敏斯特 France 法兰西，法国

John Major 约翰·梅杰(前英国首相) slavery n.奴隶制度，奴役；奴隶身份 eclecticism n.折衷主义 imitator n.模仿者 guitar n.六弦琴，吉他 jazz n.爵士乐 Negro n.黑人 a.黑人的 amplifier n.放大器

electronics n.［复］［用作单］电子学 electronic a.电子的 youthful a.反战的

13 readily ad.乐意地；很快地，容易地 sentiment n.感情，情绪；感伤 lighting n.照明，照明设备

studio n.工作室；播音室，演播室；电影制片厂 originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起 synthesis n.结合，合成

consciousne n.意识，知觉；觉悟 instrument n.仪器；乐器 paive a.被动的；消极的 participant n.参加者 a.参与的 limitle a.无限制的，无限的 ballroom n.舞厅

spontaneous a.自发的，本能的，自动的；出自自然的penetrating a.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的 thereby ad.由此，从而

multimedia a.多种手段的；多媒体的 n.多媒体 to take on 具有；担任(工作等)；雇佣 thematic a.题目的，主题的；主旋律的

symphony n.交响曲，交响乐；交响乐队，交响音乐会 fruitful a.有成果的，有收获的 Bob Dylan 鲍伯·狄伦

traditionalist n.传统主义者；因循守旧者 painstaking a.苦干的；费力的

to take over 接管，接任；把…从一处运到另一处 invariably ad.不变地

San Francisco 旧金山(或称三藩市)

inspire vt.鼓舞；使产生灵感 creative a.创造性的

Beatle ［the Beatles］披头士摇滚乐队 preliminary a.预备的；初步的 n.初试；预赛 conception n.概念，观念

improvise vt.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成 output n.产量；输出

Jefferson Airplane 杰弗逊飞机(美国摇滚乐队名) handle n.柄，把手 vt.运用，操纵；经营，管理 notebook n.笔记本 composer n.作曲家

theme n.题目，主题；主旋律 to take place 发生

well-established a.固定下来的；得到确认的 constructive a.建设的，建设性的

conventional a.惯例的，常规的；(艺术等)因袭的at a stretch 连续不断地

for the sake of 为了…之好处；为了…的目的 diversified a.多样化的 sonority n.响亮，洪亮 in advance 在前面；预先 to serve as 适合

Palestrina 帕莱斯特里纳(意大利作曲家) temper vt.［治］使回火，锻炼；调合 clavichord n.(音)击弦古钢琴 in a sense 在某种意义上

Hugo Wolf 沃尔夫(奥地利作曲家) experimental a.实验的；经验的 sake n.缘故

summarize vt./vi.概述，总结 to belong in 应归入(类别、范畴等) Franz Schubert 舒伯特(奥地利作曲家) in other words 换句话说 Beethoven 贝多芬(德国作曲家) completene n.完整，圆满；完成，结束

well(-)tempered 脾气好的；(键盘乐器)调到平均律的It goes without saying that 不言而喻，理所当然 evident a.明显的，明白的

mold n.(=mould)模子；模型 vt.用模子做，浇铸 harmony n.协调，和谐；融洽，一致 automotive a.自动的，机动的；汽车的 increasingly ad.不断增加地 calculator n.计算者；计算器

reduction n.减少，减小；降级，降职；归纳，归并 frame n.构架，框架

expose vt.使暴露，使面临；揭露，揭发 appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械 Edgar Varese 瓦雷兹(法裔美国作曲家) Debuy 德彪西(法国作曲家) Mouorgsky 穆索尔斯基(俄国作曲家) robotics n.机器人学，机器人技术 robot n.机器人；自动控制装置

spray n.水花；喷雾 vt.喷；喷涂 vi.喷；溅散 efficiency n.效率；功效，效能，实力 prevalent a.流行的，普通的

cast vt.投，扔；投射；铸造 n.投，掷；模具 weld vt./n.焊接

radiation n.放射，发光；放射物，辐射线，辐射能 personnel n.全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门) Well Tempered Clavichord (巴赫)《平均律钢琴曲集》Gesualdo 杰苏阿尔多(意大利作曲家) Bach 巴赫(德国作曲家) radioactive a.［原］放射性的；放射引起的 install vt.安装

Berlioz 柏辽兹(法国作曲家，指挥家及音乐评论家) in between 在中间；每间隔；在…期间 shade n.荫，阴影 vt.遮蔽，遮光 fireman n.消防队员 light-sensitive a.光敏的 in question 正被谈论的

critical a.批评(性)的；紧要的，关键性的， 危急的digital a.手指的，指状的；数字的，计数的 housekeeper n.管理家务的主妇；女管家 plenty of 大量的；丰富的

specific a.特有的，特定的；具体的，明确的 to expose to 暴露；面临；曝露 brightne n.明亮，晴朗；聪敏，机灵 automatic a.自动的；无意识的，机械的

grayscale 灰度

attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者 aemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合 calculation n.计算，计算结果；仔细考虑 camera n.照相机，摄影机

reprogramme v.再次(重新)设定程序 in that 在于，原因是

scale n.刻度，表度；规模；比例(尺)；天平switch n.开关，转换器 v.转换；接通或切断…电流defective a.有缺点的；有缺陷的 intensity n.强烈，剧烈 completion n.完成，结束；完满 reliability n.可靠性 forecast vt.预测，预报；预示

speculate vi.思索；推测vt.投机；思索，推测 radon n.氡

fault n.缺点，毛病；错误，过失；［地］断层 subside vi.沉淀；沉降；平静下来，平息，减退 arthquake n.地震

on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态 seismic a.地震

precede vt.先于…，比…优先 vi.在前面，领先 giant n.巨人；巨物，巨大的动物 a.巨大的 to set up 设立，建立；建立，提出 Guatemala 危地马拉 radium n.镭

datum n.(［复］data)资料，材料；数据 Chile 智利

up-to-date a.最新的，现代化的；直至目前的 earning n.警告；警报 a.警告的

eastern a.东方的，东部的；向东方的，来自东方的 to work on 从事…；对…有影响

partial a.偏袒的，偏心的，对…偏袒；部分的 underground a.地下的；秘密的 ad.在地下；隐蔽地 shift vt./vi.替换；转移 n.转换，转移；轮班 decay vi./vt.(使)腐朽，腐烂；衰变 n.腐烂；衰败 analyze vt.分析

occupation n.占领；占有；职业 satisfaction n.满意，满足 recognition n.认出；承认，公认

positive a.确实的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的 Garm 加尔姆(俄国城市) underlie vt.支撑；构成(理论，政策，行为等)的基础streful a.紧张的，压力重的 renewal n.更新；重新开始 impart vt.把…分给；给予(to) attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱 Charles Richter 查尔斯·里克特 leadership n.领导；［总称］领导人员 Haicheng 海城(中国辽宁省城市) urban a.城市的，都市的

research n.研究，调查 vi.调查，研究

loom vi.隐隐呈现；逼近portray vt.描绘；描写；描述

poeion n.有，拥有；［常pl.］占有物；财产 relaxation n.松弛，放松；缓和，减轻；休养 California 加利福尼亚(美国州名) San Andreas fault (美)圣安德烈亚斯断层 relevant a.贴切的，中肯的；与…有关的(to) desirable a.称心的，合意的，理想的 acquire vt.获得，得到

motivate vt.作为…的动机，激发 overestimate vt.过高估计；过高评价 elusive a.躲避的；难以捉摸的，难以理解的 wayside n.路边 a.路边的

be concerned with 关于，涉及；忙于…；关心，关切oversupply vt./n.过多供应

tricky a.狡猾的，耍花招的；难以处理的 adjustment n.调整

flexible a.柔韧的，柔顺的；可变通的，灵活的 attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 slip vi.滑动，滑过；溜，溜走 vt.使滑动 realistic a.现实的，实际的；现实主义的 underestimate vt.低估；看轻

weekly a.每周的ad.每周(一次) n.周刊，周报 to put...to use 使用；利用

to attach importance to 认为…很重要 participation n.参加，参与

to take to 开始从事；养成…的习惯；培养对…的爱好 project n.设计，规划；项目 vt.方案，计划；投射 be relevant to 与…有关 quicksand n.流沙

readjustment n.再整理，再调整 on the part of 就…而言 appointment n.任命；约会

communicator n.传播者，传播工作者 to set...as objective 把…作为目标

to hang up 把…挂起来；挂断(电话)；延迟，拖延 lag vi.走得慢，落后 n.落后，滞后 freshman n.新手，生手；大学一年级学生 to look ahead to 向前看；展望未来

routine n.日常工作 a.日常的；例行的；常规的 deem vt.认为，相信

jet n.喷射；喷嘴；喷气式飞机，喷气发动机 inflexible a.不可弯曲的；不可改变的，固执的 flight n.飞行，飞翔；航班，班机；逃跑，溃退 physiological a.生理的，生理学的 kid vt./vi./n.戏弄，开玩笑；欺骗，哄骗 up to date 最新的，新式的；切合目前情况的 to allocate...for 分配给…；配给 regulatory a.规章的；调节的

aignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业 crash a.紧急的，速成的

to fall by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出

21 to work out 作出；制定出 to kid...into doing 欺骗…去做… temptation n.引诱，诱惑 faithfully ad.忠诚地；如实地 to throw off 扔掉；摆脱 adjust vt.调整，调节；校准 to stick with 坚持；继续 emergency n.紧急情况；突发事件 reset vt./n.重新安排，重调 sweat n.汗 vi.出汗 vt.使出汗 regulate vt./n.管理；调节 external a.外在的，在外的 discrepancy n.差异；不一致 internal a.内部的，内在的；国内的 periodicity n.周期性，间发性 excretion n.排泄；分泌 hormonal a.荷尔蒙的，激素的 palm n.手掌

instantaneously ad.瞬间地；即刻地 rhythm n.韵律，格律；节奏 transport vt.运输 n.运输

mechanism n.［机］机构，机制；作用过程timer n.计时员，定时器 destination n.目的地，终点 timing n.时间的选择；计时，定时 secretary n.秘书；书记；部长，大臣

22

cortisol n.［生］皮质(甾)醇

alarm n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰 suprachiasmatic a.超(染色体)交叉的 negotiation n.谈判，协商 bodily a.身体的，肉体的

proceeding n.程序，进程；项目，活动，会议文集 overcome vt.战胜；克服 Vichy 维希(法国中部城市) expectation n.期待；估计寿命 unlovable a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的 resistance to 对…的阻力 upwards ad.向上；趋向上升 Sweden 瑞典

to approximate to 与…接近wealthy a.富裕的；丰富的

infant n.婴儿，幼儿 a.婴儿的，幼儿的 lovable a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的 esteem vt./n.尊敬，尊重 Austria 奥地利

parenting n.父母对孩子的养育 Northern 北爱尔兰 revision n.修订，修改

to the fore 在前面，到前面；在显著地位 manageable a.易管理的 slippery a.滑的；圆滑的

lengthen vt.使延长 vi.变长，延伸

23 neglect vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽 n.忽略；疏忽 cope vi.对付，妥善处理(with) continued a.继续的，连续的 demographer n.人口学家

tone n.音调，音色；腔调，语气；声调，语调 Wales 威尔士

acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢

paradox n.似非而可能是的论点；自相矛盾的话 claify vt.把…分类，把…分等级；把…列为 proportion n.比率，比例 vt.使成比例，使相称 to fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃 experiential a.经验的；凭经验的 resettlement n.重新定居，重新安置

appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢salient a.突出的，凸起的；显著的 birthrate n.出生率

liability n.责任，义务；债务，负债；不利条件 alter vt./vi.改变，改动 dependency n.从属；依赖(on) gathering n.聚集；集会 advantageous a.有利的，有助的 inactive a.不活动的；不活跃的 be true of 符合于…，对…适用 to date 到目前为止

fore ad.在前面 a.先前的；在前部的 n.前部 aged a.年老的，老的

24

elsewhere ad.在别处；向别处

northwestern a.在西北的，向西北的；来自西北的 approximate a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近demography n.人口统计学 to attend to 专心；注意；照顾 pharmacological a.药物学的，药理学的 as fresh as paint 精神饱满

John Foster Dulles 杜勒斯(美国国务卿) now that (连词)既然，由于

to leave...alone 不管，不理；听其自然 aumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取 to advantage 有利地，有效地 fluctuation n.波动，起伏

promote vt.促进，发扬；提升，升级；发起，创办 mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的 feasible a.可行的，可能的 span n.指距，跨距；一段时间 neutral a.中立的；中性的

White House 白宫(美国总统官邸)，美国政府 in time 及时；终于

Guam 关岛(美国在西太平洋的重要海、空军基地) synchronize vi.同时发生，同步 vt.使同步 Washington D.C.华盛顿(市)［美国首都］ effect on 对…的作用 wakefulne n.觉醒，不眠 Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝

25 Johnson 约翰逊(美国第36任总统) fluctuate vi.波动，起伏；动摇 vt.使波动，使起伏 out of step 步伐不一致；不协调 to blame...on 把…归咎于 focal n.焦点的

contrary a.相反的，相对的，与…相反(to) illusion n.错觉；幻觉

illustration n.说明；例证，插图 infrequent a.很少发生的 inefficient a.无效的；效率低的 mislead vt.把…带错路，使…错或做错

distraction n.精神涣散，精神不集中；消遣，娱乐 retention n.保持；保留

finance n.财政，金融；经费，资金 distract vt.分散(注意，心思等)；使人分心 appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激 duration n.持续；持续时间 trick n.诡计；恶作剧

moderate a.中等的，适度的；温和的，有节制的 hinder vt.阻止；妨碍(from) exceptional a.例外的；异常的，特殊的 distractor n.分散注意力的东西 motivation n.动机；动力

remedy n.治疗；补救(法) vt.治疗，补救 adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 typical a.典型的，代表性的

26 fade vi.凋谢，枯萎；(颜色)褪去vt.使褪色 productivity n.生产率；丰饶，多产 fearful a.可怕的，吓人的；害怕的，胆怯的 monopoly n.垄断；专卖 statistically ad.在统计方面

to break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解 foolproof a.连傻子都懂的；不会出毛病的 overturn vt./n.打翻；推翻，颠覆，毁灭 vi.翻身in the running 参赛，参加竞选 automatically ad.自动地；习惯性地 competitor n.竞争者；对手 temporarily ad.暂时地，临时地 monopolize v.垄断；专卖

transfer vt./vi.转移；改变 n.转移，传输，变换moderation n.温和，适度；缓和，减轻 to carry on 经营，进行；继续 to come into power 上台；开始掌权 majority n.多数，大半；多数党，多数派 opposition n.反对，反抗；对立，意见相反 dominant a.占优势的；支配的

peaceful a.平静的，安宁的；和平的，和平方式的running n.跑，赛跑；竞选 out of power 丧失权力 anaesthetics n.麻醉学

in favour of 赞成，支持；为…的利益，有利于 in power 掌权的，执政的

27

inevitable a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的 legislation n.立法；法律，法规 rivalry n.竞争；对抗

inevitably ad.不可避免地，必然地 impact on 对…之影响

James Carville 詹姆斯·卡维尔

congreman n.(［复］congremen) (美)国会议员George McGovern 乔治·麦戈文 Ohio 俄亥俄州(美国州名) aault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击 Warren Harding 沃伦·哈定 George Bush 乔治·布什 collectively ad.总体地；集体地 nominate vt.提名；任命；命名 Jimmy Carter 吉米·卡特 Ro Perot 罗斯·佩罗 George Wallace 乔治·华莱士 parliamentary a.议会的，国会的 Clinton 比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton) electorate n.全体选民；选区 Ronald Reagan 罗纳德·里根

Little Rock 小石城(美国阿肯色州首府) dominance n.优势，控制，统治

contest n.竞争，比赛；争夺，竞争；争论，争辩 John Anderson 约翰·安德森

District of Columbia (美) (D.C.)哥伦比亚特区

28

dozen n.一打，十二个；十来个，十几个 poll n.选举；民意测验 vt.得到选票 vi.投票 electoral a.选举的 to identify...as 把…看成

impact n.冲击，碰撞；影响 vt.装紧，压紧 decline vi.下降；衰退vt.拒绝 n.下降；衰落 provision n.供应，供应品；条款，规定；给养 rating n.等级，规格； (电视)收视率 voter n.选举人，投票人

constitutional a.宪法上规定的；组成的，构成的 representative n.代表，代表人 a.典型的，有代表性的presidency n.总统(或校长)职务(职权，任期)；管辖 headquarters n.司令部，指挥部；总部，总店 pursue vt.追赶；追求，寻求；进行，从事 congre n.国会，议会；参议院，上院 strategically ad.战略上地，颇具策略地 House n.［英］议院

stir vt.搅拌；激起 vi.走动；活动 n.惊动 strategy n.战略；策略

district n.区，行政区；地区，区域 strategist n.战略家 economy n.经济；节约 overwhelming a.压倒之势的

democrat n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员 representation n.描写，表现；代表，代理 to stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望

29

vote n.选举，投票；票，选票 vi.投票，选举 withdraw vt.收回，提取；撤退 vi.撤退；退缩 reinforcement n.增强，加固；强化 loyalty n.忠诚；忠心

to take advantage of 利用；占…便宜 crisis n.危机；决定性时刻

tangible a.可触摸的，可感知的；确实的，真实的 fold vt./vi.折叠；对折 n.褶(痕) republican a.共和国的；共和党的 n.共和党党员 outcome n.结果，结局；出路，出口 to cope with 对付；处理 election n.选举；选举权

no other...than 除…外没有，只有；正是，就是 worthle a.无价值的，无用的；不足道的，不可取的appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的 to act out 将…表演出来；(用行动)表示出来 inconsiderate a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人的 nomination n.提名；任命

attribute n.属性，特征；vt.把…归因与(to) presidential a.总统(校长)的；总统(校长)职务的 democratic a.民主的，民主主义的 nominee n.被提名者；被任命者 ultimately ad.最后，最终地 certainty n.一定；必定

winner n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者 misleading a.引入歧途的；使人误解的

30

dose n.(一次)剂量

thalidomide n.［药］萨立多胺 cell n.细胞；小房间，单人牢房

replace vt.把…放回(原处)；更换，以…替代 tube n.管；电子管，真空管；［英］地铁 suitable a.合适的；适当的

irresponsible a.无责任感的，不负责任的 vaccine n.牛痘苗；疫苗 a.牛痘的；疫苗的 replacement n.复位，复职；替换，代替 eventual a.最后的，结局的

irrelevant a.不相干的，离题的，与…不相干 developmental a.发展的，开发的；促使成长的 partly ad.部分地；在一定程度上 rabbit n.兔

biomedical a.生物医学的 refinement n.精炼，精制

unethical a.不合伦理的；不合道德的

disorder n.混乱；失调，紊乱 vt.使混乱；使失调simulate vt.假装，冒充；模仿，模拟 ethics n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准 toxicity n.毒性

polio n.［医］脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症 undergo vt.经历，经受；忍受 diabetes n.糖尿病

reproduce vt.繁殖；再生产；复制；再现，重现be central to 对…极为重要的

31

to do experiment on 用…做实验 to aim for 瞄准；以…为目标 David Morton 大卫·莫顿(人名) to sacrifice to 向…献祭；为…而牺牲；为…而失去 to test on 对…进行试验

Colin Blackmore 科林·布莱克默(人名) Birmingham 伯明翰(英格兰中部城市) be irrelevant to 与…不相干；不切题 humanity n.个性，博爱，仁慈；人类

negative a.否定的；负的，阴性的 n.底片；负数 refine vt./vi.提纯，精制；使改进，变优雅 literal a.精确的，如实的；逐字的，字面的 going n.进行状况 a.进行中的；现行的 regeneration n.新生，再生，复兴

remark vt./vi.说，评论，议论 n.评论，看法 delightful a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的 pet n.宠物，爱畜 a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的 to do research into 进行…的研究

paralyse vt.使麻痹，使瘫痪；使无力，使气馁 regrow vt.再生长，重新生长

coming a.正在到来的，即将来到的 n.来到，到达 litter n.干草；杂乱无章；一窝(仔畜) vt.铺草 touching a.动人的，使人感伤的 prevail vi.胜过；流行，盛行

unreasonable a.不讲道理的；不合情理的，过度的 individualistic a.个人主义(者)的

32 contemplate vt.注视，凝视；沉思 afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨

starve vi.饿死；挨饿；极需，渴望 vt.使挨饿 grant vt.同意；准予 n.同意，授予；拨款

imperative a.绝对必要的；命令的，强制的；祈使的 sustain vt.支撑，承受住；供养，维持

stricken a.被打中的，被击伤的；受灾的，受侵袭的 to bring out 使显现，显示；生产，使产生 to take...for granted 认为真实；视为当然 to attach...to 使…与…相关，把…附加到 deficiency n.缺乏，不足

relief n.(痛苦，压迫等)减轻，宽慰；救济 deprive vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去(of) ownership n.拥有；所有权，所有制 plea n.请求，恳求；托词 contented a.满足的，满意的 donation n.捐献；赠送

goings and comings 来往；活动，发生的事 kwashiorkor n.［医］恶性营养不良症 serene a.安详的；宁静的 starvation n.饥饿；饿死 devotion n.献身，忠诚

to break in on (upon) 打扰；打断，闯进 spur vt.激励，鞭策 n.踢马刺；刺激，激励，鼓舞 confront vt.面对，遭遇；正视，对抗 at ease 自在的，舒适的

33 sensitivity n.敏感性；灵敏度 maladjustment n.失调；不适应环境 waylay vt.伏击；拦住…问讯

intellectual n.知识分子 a.智力的，理智的 inner a.内部的，里面的；思想的 n.内部；里面 compensatory a.赔偿的，补偿的 not (never) for a moment 通常；多半 not that...并不是说

initial a.最初的，开始的；词首的 n.首字母 to seize hold of 抓住；占有 daydream vi./n.白日做梦

habitual a.习惯性的，习以为常的；惯常的 inventor n.发明者，创造者

detail n.细节，详情 vt.详述，详细说明 to feel bitter at 对…怀恨 to plea for 恳求；请求 muse vt./vi./n.沉思，冥想 enhance vt.提高；增强

equilibrium n.平衡，均衡，相称；均势；平静 symptom n.症状，征兆 painter n.漆工；画家

to substitute...for 用…代替… to put off 延期；消除

trace n.痕迹，踪迹；微量，少许 vt.跟踪，查找 well-being n.健康；福利，幸福 dreamlike a.梦一般的，梦幻的

34 to let go of 放手；放开

effortle a.不作努力的；不费力的，容易的 excitement n.刺激；兴奋

investment n.投资；(时间，精力的)投入 modest a.谦虚的，谦恭的；适中的，不过分的 vividly ad.鲜明地；生动地

midst n.中间，当中 prep.(=amidst)在…当中 creativity n.创造性 thinker n.思想家；思考者 in reality 实际上，事实上 to exce 过分，过度，过量 impoverished a.贫困的，赤贫的 undisturbed a.不受干扰的；宁静的 steadily ad.稳固地；稳定地

tune n.曲调；和谐，协调 vt.调音；使合谐，调节 reflection n.反射，反映，映像；深思，考虑 be contrary to 与…相反

character n.性格，品质；特性；人物；符号，(汉)字surrounding n.周围的事物；环境 a.周围的 drift n.漂流；趋势，倾向 vi./vt.(使)漂流；漂泊 be unaware of 不知道…，没觉察到… Seine 塞纳河(法国北部河流，流经巴黎) be free from 没有…的；不受…的 to dream of 梦见；梦想 Florence Nightingale 南丁格尔

Johannes Brahms 勃拉姆斯(33-97年，德国作曲家)

35

Joan Freyberg 琼·弗雷伯格(人名) Isaac Newton 牛顿(英国物理学家，数学家和天文学家) Conrad Hilton 希尔顿(美国旅馆业巨头) Jerome Singer 杰罗姆·辛格(人名) Cesar Frank 弗兰克(法国比利时作曲家) to draw on 用做来源，依靠；临近

perchance ad.［古］偶然，意外地；可能，或许 at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然 Harry S.Truman 杜鲁门(美国第33任总统) in one's mind's eye 在脑海里 be confronted with 面临，面对

to add up to 总和是；［口］总起来意味着 to impre...on 使…铭记，牢记 Henry Kaiser 凯泽(美国实业家) be beneficial to 对…有益 to go over 越过，渡过；仔细检查 to put aside 放在一边，撇开储存 to gaze at 凝视，注视

Harry Emerson Fosdick 福斯迪克 dreamer n.做梦的人；空想家 unhappy n.不快乐的，愁苦的；不幸的 acronym n.首字母缩略词

veteran n.老兵，老手；退伍军人 a.经验丰富的 miserable a.悲惨的；可怜的 sleepy a.困倦的，嗜睡的

definitive a.决定的，确定的；限定的，明确的

36 psychology n.心理学；心理

evolve vt.使发展，推论 vi.进展；进化 eyeball n.眼球

respectively ad.各自地，分别地 surprisingly ad.惊人地；出乎意料地 correlation n.相互关系，关联 plus prep.加，加上 a.正的；附加的 elude vt.(巧妙地)逃避，躲避

administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关volunteer n.志愿者；志愿兵 a.志愿的 vi.志愿primarily ad.首先，起初；首要地，主要地 physiology n.生理学

identity n.同一，一致；身份，本体 differ vi.不同，相异(from)；与…意见不同 link n.环节，联系 vt.用环连接；联系 merry a.欢乐的，愉快的

far-fetched a.牵强的；未必会的，靠不住的 namely ad.即，也就是

Thomas Roth 托马斯·罗斯(人名) compel vt.强迫(to) influence on 对…的影响 compulsion n.强制，强迫

Cincinnati 辛辛那提(美国俄亥俄州西南部城市) Milton Kramer 弥尔顿·克莱默(人名) division n.分开，分割；除(法)；部门，科，处formerly ad.以前，从前

37

boring a.令人厌烦的

location n.定位，测位；位置，场所 cobbler n.补鞋匠

reinforce vt.增援，支援；加强，增加 to break into 分成(部分) antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面 voluntary a.自愿的，志愿的；自发的 eliminate vt.排除，消灭 coincide vi.一致，相符(with) laborer n.劳动者；工人

clerk n.办事员，公务员；(美)店员

undertake vt.着手做，进行；承担，从事，答应 enjoyable a.愉快的；快乐的；有趣的 rightly ad.公正地，正当地；合适地，恰当地 coronary a.冠的；冠状的 n.冠状动脉 efficiently ad.效率高地；有能力地

manual a.手的，用手(操作)的；体力的 n.手册 infinitely ad.无限地，无穷地 at a gue 凭猜测

to coincide with 相符，一致 tighten vt./vi.(使)变紧；拧紧

gamble vi./vt.赌博；打赌；投机 n.赌博；冒险 attitude toward(s) 对…的态度；意见 in the strict sense 在严格的意义上 ritualize vt./vi.(行为模式)仪式化 warfare n.战争，作战，交战；斗争，竞争

38 of...importance 有…重要性

to get/sink one's teeth into 死死咬住；认真对待，全神贯注于 amusement n.娱乐，消遣

Hannah Arendt 汉纳·阿伦特(人名) unchanging a.不变的

aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地

to go in for 参加，从事；以…为兴趣，爱好 of...interest 有…兴趣 so far as...knows 就某人所知 grouse n.松鸡

aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族 phrase n.短语，词语；习惯用语 workman n.工人，劳动者

aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的 duel n./vi.决斗；(双方的)斗争 of...value 有…价值 curtail vt.截短，缩短；削减 cargo n.船货，货物

clipboard n.带弹簧夹子的书写板 disapproval n.不赞成；不许可

series n.一系列，连续；丛书，套；［电］串联 vain a.徒劳的

subtle a.精巧的，精妙的；微妙的，难以捉摸的 competition n.竞争；比赛

studied a.深思熟虑的；故意的，蓄意的 longshoreman n.码头装卸工人

39 varied a.各种各样的；杂色的，斑斓的 coin n.硬币，钱币 vt.创造(新词) to vt.抛，掷；使动荡 vi.摇摆，颠簸 cadre n.干部；基础结构 exceive a.过多的，过分的

subtly ad.精巧地，精妙地；微妙地，难以捉摸地 outrage n.暴行；愤慨 vt.对…施暴；激怒 vengeance n.报仇，报复

slack a.懒散的；行动迟缓的vi.松懈 n.淡季 white-collar a.白领阶层的，从事脑力劳动的 discredit vt.使不可置信 n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑 stopwatch n.(赛跑用的)跑表 vt.用秒表测定时间 hell n.地狱，阴间；用以咒骂或表示愤怒，不满 aembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装

encounter vt./vi.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇，冲突；偶然相见to to a coin 掷硬币；(与某人)掷硬币以作决定 to go to hell 见鬼去(骂人用法) on and off 不时；断断续续地，间歇地 to cut down on 赶上；振作；遵守；继续，保持 at present 现在；目前 to sit down on 反对 to keep up 假如；只要

with a vengeance 猛烈地；过度地 to apply oneself 减少对…之消耗量 to have an edge 应付过去 to do one's best 尽全力；尽量

40

to take...easy 轻松一点；勿太紧张

to play into sb.'s hands 为某人谋方便；有利于某人 to do with 处理；忍受

in large measure 很；大半；大部分 so long as 具有优势

to put an end to 结束或废除某事务 in return 作为回报

to rob sb.of sth.抢某人之财物 on occasion 有时，间或

to expect sth.of sb.对某人报有某种期望 to do without 没有…也行；将就，设法 response n.作答，回答；响应，反应 in vain 无效地；无结果地；徒然

year in and year out 一年一年地，年复一年 recorder n.记录者；录音机 How come...? 怎么会…? to take a free ride 免费搭车

convince vt.使确认，使信服；使认识错误 in series 串联电路的；成串联的 allege vt.断言，宣称

Frederick W.Taylor 弗雷德里克·泰勒 with a view towards (/to) 以…为目的 microcaette n.微型卡式录音带

hysterical a.癔病的，歇斯底里的；患癔病的 capture vt.捕获；夺得，占领 n.捕获，捕获物 activate vt.使活动，使起作用

41 shocking n.令人震惊的，骇人听闻的 threatening a.威胁(性)的，凶兆的 prosecutor n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 belonging n.［常pl.］所有物；行李 grab vt./n.攫取；抓取 vi.攫取；抓住(at) persistently ad.坚持地；固执地

beloved a.为…所爱的；亲爱的 n.心爱的人，爱人 jaw n.颔，颚

device n.装置，器械；方法，手段 compaion n.同情；怜悯(for) attacker n.攻击者

excerpt n.摘录，节录 vt.摘，引用

miniature n.缩样，小型物 a.微型的，小型的 profound a.深刻的，浑奥的

avail vt./vi.有利，有助 n.好处，用处 on one's head 归罪于某人，(责任)落到某人身上 materialism n.［哲］唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上to convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 New Jersey 新泽西州(美国州名) to comment on 对…评论

smother vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死 n.浓烟；窒息to/of no avail 完全无用，毫无效果 Camry 汽车牌名

resonance n.回声，反响；共振，共鸣 Michael LaSane 麦克尔·拉森(人名) foster vt.鼓励，促进；养育 a.收养的

42

Kathleen Weinstein 凯思琳·温斯坦(人名) persuasion n.说服，劝服

Toms River High School South 市南汤姆斯河中学 Toyota (日)丰田汽车公司

suspect vt./vi.疑有；推测 n.嫌疑犯，可疑分子 hiker n.徙步旅行者 heartbreaking a.使人心碎的 juvenile a.青少年的 n.青少年 merchant n.商人 county n.(英国)郡；县

p.a.system (=public addre) system有线广播系统solicit vt.请求；恳求 wrath n.愤怒，愤慨

incapable a.无能力的；不能的(of) repreive a.镇压的；抑制的 poet n.诗人

blindne n.无视，视而不见；盲目性 restriction n.限制；约束 Middletown 米道镇(镇名) che n.国际象棋 Ocean County 县名

subversive a.颠覆性的；起破坏作用的 pledge v.发誓；保证 n.誓言，誓约；抵押品 Danie Carluccio 丹尼尔·卡鲁齐奥(人名) Manitou Park 曼尼托公园

flee vi./vt.(fled,fled)逃离；逃避

43

actor n.男演员

apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法 divisive a.造成不和的，制造分裂的 singer n.歌唱家，歌手

truthfully ad.说真话的，如实地 barrier n.障碍；障碍物

queue n.辫子；列队 vi.排队(for) sportsman n.爱好运动的人；运动员 Thorne Middle School 桑恩中学 ban vt.禁止，取缔 n.禁止；禁令 illegal a.非法的；违规的

Steve Makone 史蒂夫·马孔(南非足球运动员) to commit suicide 自杀 legislate vi.立法 vt.通过立法 to deny sth.to sb.否认…的…

Precious Mackenzie 普莱舍斯·麦肯齐(南非举重运动员) be incapable of 不会…，不能…

Lionel Ngakane 莱昂内尔·恩卡纳(南非演员) extent n.广度，范围；程度

eruption n.(火山)喷发；(战争，感情等)爆发，迸发 Alex la Guma 亚力克斯·拉顾玛(南非作家) separation n.分开，分类；分隔

Miriam Makeba 末丽亚姆·马齐巴(南非演员) rejection n.拒绝，抵制；驳回 indication n.指示，表示；象征，迹象 suicide vt./vi./n.自杀

44 Basil D'Oliviera 贝兹尔·戴里维尔拉(南非板球运动员) pervasive a.弥漫的，渗透的；遍布的

Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德·哈奇逊(南非作家) cease vt./vi./n.停止，结束 La Traviata 茶花女(威尔第的歌剧名) be subversive of 破坏…的

sterility n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠；消毒，无菌 Giuseppe Verdi 威尔弟(意大利作曲家，作歌剧30余部) to cut off 切去，割掉；切断，使孤立

inflict vt.使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)，使承受(on,upon) persist vi.坚持，固执(in)；持续，存留 ultimate a.最后的，最终的

computerize vt.电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算 foolishne n.愚蠢；可笑

marvel(l)ous a.奇异的，惊人的；［口］了不起的，妙极的sensible a.感觉得到的；明智的，明白事理的 unexamined a.未检查的；未审查的 Andre Brink 安德烈·布林克(南非作家) theoretical a.理论上的

vital a.生命的；有生命力的；极其重要的 Bloke Modisane 布娄克·莫狄森(南非作家) texture n.组织，质地；织品，织物 evaluate vt.估价，评价 solely ad.单独地；唯一地 profusion n.丰富，大量；过分 digreion n.离题；偏离

45

logic n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性，条理性；理由，道理 obscure a.昏暗的；模糊的 vt.使暗，遮掩；使难理解 content a.满足的，满意的 vt.使满意 n.满足，满意 leap v./n.(leapt或leaped)跳跃；飞跃 functional a.功能的；职务上的；实用的 raw a.未煮过的，生的；未加工的 undue a.过度的，过分的

extension n.伸张，伸展，扩大；电话分机 Nat Nakasa 纳特·纳卡萨(南非作家) proof n.证据，证明；校样

junction n.连接，结合；结合点，交叉点 correction n.改正，纠正；责备，惩罚 to mistake...for 错把…当做…

dynamo n.［电］发电机；精力，精力充沛的人 to reflect on 仔细考虑，反思 error n.谬误；错误

safeguard vt.保护，捍卫 n.保护措施 loose a.松的，宽的；宽松；放荡的 to end in 以…告终

concrete a.具体的；混凝土的 n.混凝土 vt.使凝固 prolong vt.延长；拉长 to come about 发生

conquer vt.征服，战胜 vi.得胜，胜利 nourishment n.滋补品，营养品 technician n.技术员；技术专家

to come to terms (with) 达成协议；妥协，习惯于

46 to distinguish between 分辨，区分 to pull down 拆除；推翻 specialist n.专家

universal a.宇宙的，全世界的；普遍的，通用的 sterile a.不育的，贫瘠的；无菌的，消过毒的 technologist n.工艺学家；技术学家 uniquene n.独一无二；独特 poe vt.具有，拥有

jounalism n.新闻业；［总称］报刊；新闻学 secondary a.第二位的，次要的；中等的

enrol(l)ment n.登记，接收，招生；招收人数，入学人数expansion n.扩张；膨胀

Ferris Greenlet 费里斯·格林里特(人名) to turn loose 放开，释放；听凭，放纵 to speculate on 思索；推测，猜测 Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德·怀特里德 upheaval n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，* infrastructure n.基础；基础结构 establishment n.建立，创办；机构

diploma n.执照，特许证；毕业文凭，学位证书 respect for 对…的尊敬 Aristotle 亚里士多德 sociology n.社会学 Francis Bacon 培根 kindergarten n.幼儿园 promotion n.促进；提升

47

to enable...to 使…能够…

accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任 bus(s)ing n.公共汽车接送；［美］用校车接送学生 postgraduate a.大学毕业后的，大学研究院的 n.研究生 to make over (财产)转让，移交；改造，重做 scarce a.缺乏的，不足的；稀有的，珍贵的 award vt.授予，判给 n.判定；奖，奖品 prescribe vt.指示，规定；开处方，开药 permiive a.容许的，许可的；随意的，开放的 integrate vt./vi.使结合，使并入；使成一体 on the contrary 相反地

perspective n.透视，透视画法；远景，展望；观点，看法schoolhouse n.(小学或乡村学校)校舍 to go to law against ［俗］控告某人 to shy away from 躲开，回避；赞成 infiltrate vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润 chip n.片屑；薄片；电子集成电路片，芯片 diversity n.多样性

humanistic a.人文主义的，人本主义的，人道主义的 tier n.排层；等级 route n.路线；航线

to disagree about 对…意见不一

economics n.［用作单或复］经济学；经济情况，经济 rote n.死记硬背；机械的方法

progreive a.进步的，先进的；渐次的，累进的 to go along with 和…一起

48

demand for 对…的要求 as for 对于，至于

undergraduate n.(尚未取得学位的)大学生 a.大学生的 unconventional a.非常规的，不落俗套的 to learn by rote 由熟记而学某事

49

第15篇：自考英语写作06年10月

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试

英语写作试题

课程代码：00603

I.Supply the miing paragraph (20 points)

The following paage is incomplete with one body paragraph miing.Study the paage carefully and write the miing paragraph in about 100 words.Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the paage provided.

Attaining Succe in College

Succeeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to succe in the work place.To me, the three most important things for attaining a succeful college experience are having smart claroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority.

Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college succe.The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind.With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers.The “office hours” will help the students build a close relationship with their profeors and give them acce to the profeors’ mind.From the profeors the students can acquire poible extra information that may put them ahead of their study.All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions.So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable.

Finally, any students who want to aure succe must establish school as the top priority.Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation.Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all.This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career.It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsucceful” one.This certainly rings true for me.I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve succe, school must always be placed above other things.

In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve succe.I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart claroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority.Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough.

II.Write an outline (20 points)

Read the following paage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.

Smell

Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important.Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present.People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.

Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat.They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary.However, people usually are not comfortable in discuing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive.They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as poible.

Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling.For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unle they can smell each other.When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath.Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly.In other cultures smell also plays an important role.In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes.The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game.In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing.It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.

Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling.For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States.Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them.Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients.The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell.Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication.To maintain harmonious intercultural busine relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.

III.Compose an eay (60 points)

In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send their aging parents to nursing homes.What is your opinion on this? Write a 300-word expository eay stating your views.

第16篇：自考英语二汉译英汇总

1.They learn for the sake of learning.他们为了知识而学习。

15、请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。Please reminds me that I must 2.I was sitting on the stairs descending into the basement.我坐在通往 call her up before nine.地下室的楼梯上。

16、物以稀为贵。rarer（更稀罕的） it is, the more it is worth.The 3.By the time my senior year arrived, I had saved a considerable 此句类似于： 你越能接受他们， 也就越不会动不动发脾气。 The amount of money.等念到大四时，我已经存了数目可观的一笔钱。 better able you are to accept them, the le angery you’ll be.4.Sometimes it was discouraging because I was rejected again and 17.在现代社会中， 受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。 Education should again.由于接二连三地遭到拒绝，有时我感到沮丧。 not be considered to be a privilege（特权） in a modern society.5.Running anxiously to the mailbox in anticipation of my test scores 18.高失业率并不是技术发展的结果，而是消极公共政策的后果。High became part of my daily routine.每天焦虑不安地冲向邮箱，盼望取得 unemployment is not the result of the pace（速度）of technological 考试成绩，这成了我生活的一部分。 change but the consequence 结果） paive 被动的）public policy.（ of （ 6.This experience was also very costly.这次经历的花费也不低。

19、好像她天生就是为了取得成功，甘心情愿地把自己牺牲在 7.I decline to accept the end of man.我拒绝接受人类末日的说法。 成就名声当中。It seemed that she was born to succeed and was 8.I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.我相信人 more than willing to sacrifice hereself in the name of achievement.类不仅能延续，而且能战胜一切而永存。 20.这 增 主 是 于 育 职 重 的 变 致 This rise has been 一 长 要 由 教 和 业 点 转 所 。 9.From the lands stretch 3,000 miles behind me.在我身后连绵着3000 attributed （归因于） primarily （主要地） to the change in educational 英里的土地。 and career 事业）emphases 重点）注： （ （ .emphasis 复数 emphases 10.They were determined to make that new world strong and free.他

21、从当代大学生的目标来看， 经济学类确实很吸引人。 Given 们决心使新世界强大而自由。 the goals 目标）of the college students of this generation （ （一代人） , 11.It appeals to their pride, not their pocketbook.它所吁求的是他们的 such options（选择） are attractive（吸引人的）.自尊，而不是他们的钱包。 22.他们把绝大部分精力花在了追求目标而不是探求知识的理解上。Their 13.It would be easier to shrink back from that frontier.在这条边疆前 energies are best spent in pursuit（追求） of the goal rather than an 退缩是比较容易的。 exploratory（探测的） pursuit for

第17篇：4月自考英语二试题

2010年4月英语二考试真题

一、单选题

1． They are not afraid to repeat ________ they hear or to say strange things.A． what

B． that

C． when

D． how 2． ________ arrived there ________ she fell ill.A． No sooner had Anne ...than B． No sooner Anne had ...than C． No sooner Anne had ...when D． No sooner had Anne ...when 3． All ________ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.A． what is needed

B． the thing needed C． for their needs

D． that is needed 4． This room is much too hot; it’s like a _____.A． fantasy

B． foil

C． fashion

D． furnace 5． I hope you will be ______ higher spirits when we meet next time.A． to B． on

C． of

D． in 6． ________ they are after is profit.A． Which

B． That C． What

D． When 7． The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas where________is difficult.A． transportation

B． instruction C． application

D． compensation 8． As we have been very busy recently, we go to the theatre only＿． A． absolutely

B． frequently C． continually

D． occasionally 9． We can come to the _____ that the more we practice, the more skillful we will be.A． tradition

B． generation C． conclusion

D． fact 10． Tom\'s father ________ home until yesterday.A． doesn\'t write

B． don\'t write to C． didn\'t write to

D． didn\'t write 1． The name “United Nations”was probably devised by U.S.president Franklin D．Roosevelt, and first group of representatives of the member states met and

signed a declaration of common purpose on New Year\'s Day in 1942．Representatives of five 11 worked together to draw 12 proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944．These proposals, modified after 13 at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally 14 and

signed as the UN Charter by 50 countries on 26 June，1945．Poland, not 15 at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of 16 members.It was not until that autumn, 17 , after the Charter had been 18 approved and

signed by China, France, the USSR, the UK and the US and by a majority of the other participants, the UN came 19 existence.The date was 24 October, now 20 celebrated as United Nations Day.

1 1． 11 A． lands

B． powers C． armies

D． fields 2． 12 A． up B． out

C． on

D． in 3． 13 A． debate

B． quarrel C． dispute

D． remark 4． 14 A． admitted to

B． decided on C． permitted of

D． agreed on 5． 15 A． to be represented

B． represented C． represent

D． to represent 6． 16 A． former

B． original C． before

D． formal 7． 17 A． therefore

B． otherwise C． however

D． neverthele 8． 18 A． really

B． wholly C． officially

D． actually 9． 19 A． to

B． off C． for

D． into 10． 20 A． universally

B． total C． wholly

D． world

三、阅读理解题

Since the late 1960s a growing number of women have expreed a strong diatisfaction with any marriage arrangement wherein the husband and his career are the primary considerations in the marriage.By the end of the 1970s, for example, considerably le than half of the women in the United States still believed that they would put their husbands and children ahead of their own careers.More and more American women have come to believe that they should be equal partners rather than junior partners in their marriages.This stage of marriage, although not typical of most American marriages at present, will grow most rapidly in the future.In an equal partnership marriage, the wife pursues a full time job or career which has equal importance to her husband\'s.The long-standing division of labor between husband and wife comes to an end.The husband is no longer the main provider of family income, and the wife no longer has the main responsibilities for household duties and raising children.Husband and wife share all these duties equally.Power over family decisions is also

shared equally. The rapid change in women\'s attitudes toward marriage in 1970s reflected rapid

2 change in the larger society.The women\'s Liberation movement appeared in the late 1960s, demanding an end to all forms of sexual discrimination against

females.An Equal Rights Amendment(修正案) to the U.S.Constitution was proposed which would make any form of discrimination on the basis of sex illegal, and though it has failed to be ratified, it continues to have millions of supporters.1． Since the late 1960s, more and more women diatisfied with the marriage ________.A． arranged by other people B． in which husband and children are put in the first place C． in which they themselves have superior privilege D． arranged by their husbands 2． In an equal partnership marriage, ________.A． the wife is the main provider of family income B． the wife no longer has household duty C． the husband and wife share the responsibility for the family D． the husband and wife will not quarrel in the family 3． The Women\'s Liberation Movement ________.A． maintains sexual equality B． claims to get rid of family responsibility C． began in the end of 1970s D． thinks that husband and wife should interchange roles in family 4． The word “ratified” (the forth line in paragraph 3) probably means ________.A． encouraged B． objected C． disproved D． confirmed

5． In 1970s, women\'s attitude toward marriage changed rapidly because ________.A． women\'s liberation movement appeared in the late 1960s B． an Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S.Constitution was proposed C． husband is no longer the main provider of family income D． both A and B

The skin which covers the tips of the fingers and thumbs is croed by numerous ridges (隆 起)arranged in different patterns.This patterns are permanent from birth and remain exactly the same throughout a person\'s life, even when the skin becomes wrinkled and cracked as a result of old age.Such patterns are never paed on from parents to children, and no one in the world has the same patterns as anyone else.Even identical twins have different sets of

fingerprints.As a result, fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people.Any ridged part of the hand and the foot may be used as a means of identification, but finger impreions are usually preferred since they can be taken easily and quickly.Fingerprints are claified in the ways: by general shapes and contours, by the finger positions of the pattern-types, and by size (often measured by counting

3 the ridges in the loops).Every set of fingerprints has different “ridge

characteristics”(i.e.the print of each separate finger is different from that of all the other fingers), which belong to one of four basic groups: arches, loops, whorls and composites.All fingerprints can then be divided into 1, 024 groups.By using details in the patterns above, these 1, 024 groups can be further divided into thousands of smaller groups, thus making it poible to find a particular see prints in a few minutes.1． According to this paage, the true statement about human fingerprints is that ________.A． people\'s fingerprints can be inherited B． people\'s fingerprints are unique but identical twins may have the same fingerprints C． using fingerprints is the only way to identify people D． people\'s fingerprints will not change in all their lives 2． We prefer to use fingerprints to identify people because ________.A． we can never find the same set of fingerprints among human beings B． finger impreions can be taken easily and quickly C． fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people D． all of the above 3． About the claification of fingerprints, which is TRUE? ________.A． Fingerprints can be claified in three ways B． All fingerprints can be divided into 1, 024 groups and can not be divided further C． It is not easy to find a particular set of fingerprints in a short time D． People can not claify the fingerprints in an effective way 4． The word“foolproof”(line 7, pare.1) most probably means ________.A． that is permanent B． that is helpful C． that is not foolish D． that can not go wrong 5． The paage is most probably taken from an article entitled ________.A． Permanent Fingerprints B． Claification of Fingerprints C． Ridge Characteristics D． A Means of Identification When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way doesn\'t live up to the manufacture\'s claim for it, the first step is to

present the warranty (保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “higher up”the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer\'s favour, auring he or she has a just

4 claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever poible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general

statements.For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound

coming out of the right one is unclear”is better than“This stereo(立体声音响) does not work.”

1． The poible meaning of the phrase“live up to”(line 2, para.1) may be ________.A． to make up to consumers B． to keep to the high standards of C． to be the best compared with others D． to stand for salesmen\'s benefits 2． If a consumer finds what she or he bought doesn\'t live up to the manufacture\'s claim for it, ________.A． presenting the warranty is the only way to settle the problem B． there are many ways for the consumer to gain satisfaction C． the first thing to do is to threaten to take the matter to court D． what she or he should do is to keep silent 3． If a consumer complain in person to the store manager，__________.A． it\'s poible to settle the problem in the consumer\'s favour B． the consumer can surely get the compensation C． the salesgirl is surely scolded by the manager D． the consumer is surely refused 4． The most effective complaint can be made ________.A． in a firm and exaggerated way B． by presenting specific information as to what is wrong C． by making general statements D． by complaining to the manager loudy and firmly 5． the main idea in this paage is about ________.A． salesmen\'s strategies to satisfy consumers B． consumers\' strategies to get the most from the store C． how to buy satisfactory goods D． how to protect consumers\' rights

四、单词拼写题

1． 投递；发表 vt.d_ _ _ _ _ _ 2． 宗教 n.r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3． 保留 vt.r_ _ _ _ _ _ 4． 秋天 n.a_ _ _ _ _ 5． 安全的 a.s_ _ _

5 6． 诊断疾病 vt./vi.d__ __ __ __ __ __ __ 7． 装修 v.d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8． 超级市场 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9． 返回、回来 v.r_ _ _ _ _ 10． 政党 n.p_ _ _ _ 11． 同情、同情心 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12． 仁慈、宽容 n.m_ _ _ _ 13． 污染 n.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14． 最后的 a.u__ __ __ __ __ __ __ 15． 十四 num.f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16． 罪犯 n.c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17． 灯 n.1＿＿＿

18． 探险 v.e_ _ _ _ _ _ 19． 闪电 n.l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20． 文化、文明 n.c_ _ _ _ _ _ 1． If he accepts the job, he ________ (get) more money right away.2． All this made him ________ (interest) in the history of philosophy.3． Her works of art show a great deal of ________ (origin).4． She suggested ________ (spend) another day in the mountain area.5． When I saw her, she ________ (work) at the computer.6． He is always the first______（answer）question.7． These guidelines represent what a majority of people________（consider）acceptable.8． The book is not so difficult as I ________ (expect).9． This claroom is ______ (dirty) than the one we just left.10． These social ________ (phenomenon) are so hard for us to understand.

六、汉译英题

1． 坐出租车吧，以免误了火车。

2． 买东西的人心底里总是暗自希望找到价值高而又便宜的东西。 3． 关于惊吓症发生的原因，现已有多种解释。 4． 不论你有多富有，也无法用金钱买到健康。 5． 就我而言，我不喜欢他做事的方式。

七、英译汉题

1． Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.One example of organization is chunking.Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of

information.For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63.Categorizing is another means of organization.Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat chair.Many people will group the words into similar

categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk.Needle to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.

第18篇：10月自考英语2试卷

2005年4月自考英语二模拟试题来源：考试大

【考试大,有你,也有我！】

2006年5月23日英语二模拟试题1

I.Vocabulary and Structure

Now many major employers are beginning to demand _____ the completion of school. A.more than B.rather than C.other than D.better than Her powers of persuasion were to no _____ . A.advantage B.avail C.vain D.use If you _____ in ignoring my instructions, I shall have to punish you. A.insist B.consist C.persist D.aist

It has taken him a long time to _______ the fact that he won’t be able to go to college. A.come to terms with B.in terms of C.in light of D.used to

There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives ______ the rewards of real activity. A.of B.with C.from D.for

_____ we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it. A.In that B.That C.Now that D.Unle

_____ from the point of view of society is neceary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.

A.What B.That C.Which D.Although

The programme was televised _____ to the whole world. A.lively B.alive C.live D.life

It is not how much time you allocate for study that ______ but how much you learn when you do study.

A.accounts B.counts C.amounts D.court

The degree _______ and the ways _______ a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the student’s attitude towards leisure. A.in which … in which B.from which …with which C.of which … in which D.to which …in which

II.Cloze

Advertising is different from selling.Salesmen depend 11 the person-to-person approach in trying to persuade consumers to buy.Advertising, 12 , has to reach consumers indirectly through meages on radio and television, in the newspapers, or even on handbills(传单) given to you in the street.

Once again, the purpose of advertising is to sell goods.This means that the advertiser is going to try to make you think you want something – his something – 13 you need it or not.14 , the advertiser is creating a(n) 15 for his product.This is fine.Remember, all the goods being produced today have to be sold.And you cannot buy something if you do not know about it.

All consumers are influenced by brand names.Advertisers try to get people 16 to a brand because they know that, in later years, many of the consumers will 17 to this brand.Therefore, commercials are repeated over and over again on radio and television.We soon get to know them

by 18 .Some advertisers stay with particular radio or television stars, and consumers come to 19 a product with a famous person.

You are probably wondering, at this point, whether advertising is good or bad.Actually, it may be 20 of both, but decide for yourself. 11.A.for B.at C.on D.with

12.A.but B.however C.while D.yet 13.A.how B.that C.if D.whether 14.A.In other words B.In any case C.In addition D.In contrast

15.A.order B.demand C.command D.request 16.A.use B.to use C.used D.to used 17.A.object B.stick C.oppose D.prefer 18.A.heart B.mind C.soul D.brain 19.A.connect B.join C.combine D.aociate 20.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few III.Reading Comprehension

Paage One

A normal conversation between strangers involves more than talk.It also involves the dynamics of space interaction.If one person gets too close, the other person will back up.If the first person invades the other’s space again, the other will back up again.The person who finds himself or herself backing up is trying to increase the distance of the comfort zone.The person closing in is trying to decrease that distance.Most likely neither person is fully aware of what is going on. In the 1960s American anthropologist (人类学家) Edward T.Hall was a pioneer in the study of human behavioral use of space.His field of study became known as proxemics.Hall said that personal space for Americans can be defined as having four distinct zones: the intimate zone within 18 inches of your body for whispering and embracing; personal zone of 18 inches to four feet, for talking with close friends; social zone of four to 10 feet, for talking with acquaintances; and the social zone of 10 to 25 feet, for talking to strangers or to a group.

Historians say that our standards of personal space began with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.In cities such as London and New York, people of different social and economics claes were suddenly crammed (塞满，塞进) together, so they unconsciously developed a commonly understood rule of polite behavior and space to restrict the area around them.

People exhibit nonverbal meages of discomfort when their zones are violated.Invaded people might pull at their hair, become rigid, or even become angry.As Hall noted in his work, a comfortable conversation needs to include the range of human personal space. 21.This paage is mostly about _____. what nonverbal communication is human conversation the life of Edward T.Hall human behavioral use of space 22.Edward T.Hall identified _____. talks between strangers angry people

four zones of personal space the Industrial Revolution

If you and a close friend began talking when you were eight feet apart, you will probably soon _____.

move closer together move farther together begin talking more softly

ask another friend to join the conversation The third paragraph provides ______. historical view on personal space an economic reason for personal space an overview of Edward T.Hall’s field of study a definition of personal space

The word “dynamics” means _____. difficulties

forces or influence that cause change largene

explosions so large that they are beyond belief Paage Two

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again.Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in usele regrets.

Youth is a time when there are few tasks to make life difficult.If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved whatever he may do.It is impoible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return.In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child – things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known.But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.

When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably.If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison.If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happine of building up for himself his own position in society. People can experience happine if they _____. always think of the past and regret it value the present are no longer young become old and have much experience When people were young, they used to _____. be in charge of many businees have few things to think about and take on look after their younger sisters and brothers face a lot of difficulties

The pains of children lie in the fact that _____.

no one helps them make right decisions they are often beaten by their parents they can not be accepted and praised by others D.they are not allowed to do what they like to do Children are usually happy because ______. old people lose interest in them they are free to do wrong they are familiar with everything going on around them things are new to them Which of the following is NOT needed for a young man to be happy? A.Hard work B.Being free from troubles C.Wealth D.Health Paage Three

Can you remember the first time you learned how to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons.Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car.Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days.The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful.

Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with le effort.We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things.Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities.Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed – the computer.It extends the capabilities of our minds.

Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars.Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected.The computer can multiply what we can do, and the return on investment (投资) is high.The growth of computer usage is surprising.On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage.Invasion of privacy , fraud, and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples.

The computer is like a doubt-edged sword.It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deeply into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general.How it is used is not a function of the current technology.It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology.The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age.

The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car because ______.

it is simple and practical it needs a lot of practice

it leads people to new life experiences it takes much time to master the skills The word “extend” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A.change B.multiply C.save D.master

According to the paage, computers bring people the following benefits EXCEPT ______. A.avoiding mistakes B.saving money C.making money D.opening up opportunities

According to the writer, the bad effects of computers can be avoided if we ______. have sound knowledge of computer systems tell people not to misuse computers have strict rules over the use of computers make more investments in the technology This paage is probably written for ______. A.computer teachers B.computer producers C.computer learners D.computer programmers

IV.Word Spelling

36.完成，成就 n.a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37.被提名者 n.n _ _ _ _ _ _ 38.反对 v.o_ _ _ _ _ 39.热带的，炎热的 a.t_ _ _ _ _ _ _

40.多数，大半 n.m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41.法律上的；合法的 a.l_ _ _ _ 42.乐器，仪器 n.i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43.危机 n.c_ _ _ _ _ 44.下降，拒绝 v.d_ _ _ _ _ _ 45.竞赛,竞争 n.c_ _ _ _ _ _ 46.人群，群 n.c_ _ _ _ 47.预算 n./v.b_ _ _ _ _ 48.照相机 n.c_ _ _ _ _ 49.自动的 a.a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

50.护照 n.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51.个性，人格 n.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52.韵律，格律 n.r_ _ _ _ _ 53.敏感的，灵敏的a.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54.统计数字 n.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55.投票，选举 v.v_ _ _ V.Word Form

56.The number of animals used in laboratory tests _______ (decline ) over the last 20 years. 57.But for his encouragement and help I ______ ( not make) so much progre.

58.In the US, one experiment in nerve regeneration involves ______ (cut) a big nerve in a rat’s leg, leaving its leg paralyzed.

59.Facts are terrible things if _____ (leave) spreading and unexamined.

60.Many other new techniques are now available that enable more researches ______( do ) in the test tube.

61.When _____ (present) with a common use, sales managers tend to see sales problems. 62.It is absolutely eential that all the applicants ______(interview) one by one. 63.By the time you arrive in London, we _____ ( stay )in Europe for two weeks.

64.While exercising your imagination , you should be alone and completely ______ ( disturb ) 65.The _____ (far) away an object is from you, the smaller it looks.

VI.Translation from Chinese into English

66.众所周知，美国总统选举每四年一次。67.每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。 68.他的肤色与他是否是个好律师无关。 69.如果你束手无策，就听其自然好了。

70.黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。

VII.Translation from English into Chinese

The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it; he tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it; he thinks about it, instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him; he copes with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully; and if not confidently at least hopefully; if he fails to master it, he looks without shame or fear at his mistakes and learns what he can from them.This is intelligence.Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life, and one’s self with respect to life.Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same things as intelligence only le of it.

第19篇：自考英语教学法知识点总结

自考英语教学法知识点总结： 中学英语教学指导思想：是对中学英语教学的总体科学认识，包括对教学目的，教学路子的认识以及科学观，学习观，教学观等。 智力因素主要包括：思维力，记忆力，想象力，观察力，注意力等。 非智力因素包括：动机，兴趣，情感，意志，性格等。 语言是指语言系统，也就是语音，词汇，语法系统。 言语是指人们使用语言所进行的表达和理解的话语活动，也就是说听，说，读，写活动。 教学路子指的是达到教学目的基本途径或总路线，包括成体系的教学法。 语感是指学习者对语言信息的敏锐感知和理解，是自动化的意识活动。 教学基本原则是教学指导思想的组成部分，是指导思想的具体化，条理化，在中学英语教学法科学体系中占有重要的地位。 语法是对语言的一般描述，主要是对其组织原则的理论描述, ______学，句法学，词汇学，语义学。 “双规”化简就是运用语音规则，把大量的表面看起来相当复杂的词的读音和拼写化繁为简，化难为易。 句型也叫句式，是从口语和书面语的无数实际句子中概括出来的句子模型或模式，句型是有代表性的，常用性的。 分析性听：是指在听的活动中有明显的语言分析，另外是指把听的材料分析为各个语言层次，让学生分步听，进行听的基本功训练。 综合性听：是指在听的活动中无明显的语言分析而直接达到对内容的理解，也指在听力基本功训练基础上所进行的整篇成文的听的练习。 话语结构就是说话的套路，说的各句子之间的联系规律。 泛读就是广泛地阅读，大量地阅读，快速地阅读。 默读泛指一切不出声地读，默读既包括不出声地“声读”，也包括直接理解文字地“视读”。 实行纵式阅读：真正的默读一般都是快速阅读，在阅读过程中，人的目光主要表现为上下移动，因而阅读有慢速的横向或横式转变为纵向或纵式。 写的含义：在教学中写有两个方面的含义，一是书写或书法，包括字母，单词，句子，标点符号，国际音标的正确写法；二是写作，即笔头表达，如作文，写信，写日记等。 心理控制法：即惊异，悬念，满足。 密度：指单位时间所授教学内容。 广度：这包括两个方面，一是学生的活动面要广，二是教学内容所涉及的面要广。 深度：就是课堂教学内容要有一定的难度。 灵活度：指在练习中学生所表现的理解的多层次程度和表达的多样化程度。 独立度：指教师指导的程度和学生独立的程度。 测试：主要是用来了解，检查和鉴定学习者掌握英语的实际水平的一种手段。 资质倾向测试：是指对学习者的天赋的测定，目的在于了解被测者今后学习外语时是否具有些较强的潜在的学习能力。 诊断测试：目的在于了解被测者在外语学习上的困难或缺陷或发现讲授上的薄弱环节，以便采取相应的补救措施。 综合性测试：目的在于测定被测者的语言知识和言语技能综合运用的能力，使教学得以正常的进行，从而提高教学质量。 常模：是指根据同一批被测者在掌握外语方面所获得的平均水平。 能力测试：目的在于了解被测者懂外语的程度，不要求其熟练程度。 效度：只测试的内容及其方式是否符合测试的目的要求。 信度：只测试成绩的稳定性和一致性。 艺术性教学：几乎包括教学的一切方面：备课和上课，讲和练，语言和书法，姿势和动作，风度和神情，组织形式和活动节奏以及绘画，音乐，造型，表演等等。 教态：是教师本能在学生心目中直观性最强，表率性最强的整体形象。 教学艺术的基本三要素：板书同教态，语言。 板书的艺术性一方面表现于字体的美观，工整，另一方面表现于整个黑板版面的设计与安排。 电化教学：就是使用录音机，幻灯机，投影器，录像机，电视机，电影机等现代化设备所进行的英语教学。 立体教学：即教学向空间发展，在于现实生活相仿的环境中进行。 强化是全面的，最大限度的调动学生的积极心理因素，包括智力和非智力因素以及个性因素。 暗示教学法：认为理智和情感，分析和综合，有意识和无意识，都是不可分割的统一体。 语法翻译法：是在十八世纪末的欧洲兴起的一种英语教学法，以语法为中心，学习外语意味着学习记忆语法规则，并通过大量的翻译练习来强化记忆。其特点是：1.重视书面语，轻视口语；2.重视语法教学；3.充分利用本族语以翻译为主要学习活动形式；4.句子是教学和练习的基本单位。 听说法：是在美国产生的一种教学法，其特点是：1.重视听说，兼顾读写；2.反复操练，形成习惯；3.围绕句型学习语言；4.对比结构，确定难点。 反思法：是运用反向思维对现有的理论和观点提出对应意见的一种研究方法。 控制法：它要求在实验中控制一种独立较量，除了依赖变量以外，保持其他变量的稳定，然后观察研究所控制的独立变量对依赖变量所造成的影响结果。 简答题 研究和学习英语教学法的目的1.关于方法的知识是最有用的知识；2.。建立具有中国特色的英语教学法体系；3.提高英语教师的英语水平。 英语教学法学科的特点 1.一个发展中的学科；2.一个多边缘的学科；3.实践性很强的理论学科；4.似易而实难的学科。 研究和学习英语教学法的方法 1.对立统一，系统全面；2.分层次，成体系；3.立观点，找路子；4.求规律，定模式。 怎样实现英语教学目的的系统认识 中学英语教学的目的是对学生进行听，说，读，写的基础训练，培养学生在口头上和书面上初步运用英语的能力，侧重培养阅读能力，为进一步学习和运用英语切实打好基础，应从以下五方面保证其目的：1.语言基础知识和语言基本技巧的教学；2.言语基本技能的训练；3.学习能力的培养；4.智力因素和非智力因素的开发；5, 文化素养的提高。 中学英语教学的路子 教学路子指的是达到教学目的的基本途径或总路线，包括成体系的教学方法，1.正确处理教人，教文化，教语言的关系；2.正确处理教知识和教能力的关系；3.正确处理听，说，读，写的关系；4.正确处理句型，功能，课文的关系；5.正确处理语音，语法，词汇的关系；6.确立立体式的中学英语教学模式。 教学基本原则 教学基本原则是教学指导思想的组成部分，是指导思想的具体化，条理化，在中学英语教学法科学体系中占有重要的地位，以下是八项一般教学原则：1.高速度与程序，反馈，循序渐进统一；2.高难度与可接受性，巩固性，有效性统一；3.直观性，启发性与系统性，结构性统一；4.激发认识兴趣和求知需要，动机与理解学习过程统一；5.理论联系实际与理论知识起了主导作用统一；6.科学性与教育性，思想性，目的性，自觉性，积极性，独立性统一；7.自身发展与因材施教统一；8.创设最优教学条件与各种教学方法和教学形式的最优结合统一。 语音教学的问题和困难 1.对语音教学重视不够；2.对语音教学的内容和任务把握不够；3.对语音教学长期性认识不够；4.教师语音不标准，示范声音低，学生听得不准确，不清楚；5.大班教学，单独练习机会少。 语音教学原则和方法 1.先听音，后开口，听清发准；2.严格要求于适当“宽容”结合；3.入门阶段的语音教学与整个学程的语音教学结合；4.模仿练习与掌握规则结合，；5.单音，单词，词组，句子结合；6.集体活动与个别活动结合。 语法教学的问题和困难 可归为“五重”和“五轻”，即重知识传授，轻技能训练；重详细讲解，轻反复练习；重书面练习，轻口头练习；重语法分析，轻语法使用；重掌握规则，轻掌握实例。 语法教学要以实践为纲，以技能为核心 语法教学原则和方法要点 1.多样性；2.层次性；3.交际性；4.思维性；5.目的性；6.阶段循环，突出重点。 语法教学的基本套路和技术 1.逐步渗透，自然习惯；2.提炼句型，列出公式；3.创设情景，形象直观；4.英英比较，英汉对比；5.图表概括，印象深刻；6.系统讲解，深化理解；7.诗歌作例，生动有趣；8.练中有讲，及时点悟。 词汇教学的问题和困难 1.孤立数词，讲得过多，消化不良；2.接触少，重复少，吸收少；3.主次不分，平均用力，负担过重；4.系统性不够强，边学习边遗忘。 词汇教学原则和方法要点 1.质量并重，逐层加深；2.立足于词汇系统之上，着眼于词汇教学之外；3.集中分散，交替互补。 句型教学的问题和困难 1.独立性不够；2.演化性不够 句型教学的意义和作用 1.减轻学生心理压力；2.有利于精讲多练；3.通向熟练掌握的一种捷径。 句型教学原则和方法要点 1.句型教学和课文教学结合；2.机器操练与意义操练结合；3.句型教学与听说综合训练结合。 句型教学的基本套路和技术 1.新旧联系，归纳比较；2.句型新，单词旧和句型熟，单词生；3.大量重复，适当变化；4.创造情景，联系语法；5.集中操练，分散安排；6.照顾全面，因材施教。 课文教学的问题和困难 1.课文教学不教课文；2.方法单调，技能单一；3.教师活动多，学生活动少；4,。机械背诵，食而不化。 课文教学原则和方法要点 1.灵活性和巩固性结合；2.整体教学和模式教学结合；3.划分类别，突出重点；4.直接理解和复用为主，翻译为辅。 课文教学的基本套路和技术 1.课文教学各部分所占时间和精力；2.课文教学的过程和步骤；3.课文教学中的讲解 听的困难 1.语言上的困难；2.内容上的困难；3.心理上的困难。 听的教学原则和要点 1.分析性听和综合性听结合；2.分散训练和集中训练结合；3.理解和反应结合。 听和练的基本形式 1 试听配合2 读听配合3 写听配合4 听说配合 说的困难 1 开口的困难2 继续说的困难 说的教学原则和方法要点1 语言训练和思维训练结合2 精确表达训练和模糊表达训练结合3 模仿性的说和创造性地说相结合4 有准备的说于无准备的说相结合 说合练的基本形式1 句型操练2 配对对话练习3 话语结构练习4 课文活用联系5 情景说话练习6 说话表演练习读的困难1 朗读的困难2 默读困难 读的教学原则和方法要点1阅读方法和材料目的一致2 独立阅读为主3 朗读于默读结合，精度与泛读结合，课内度与课外读结合。 怎样做到用英语教英语 1.要尽量使用学生已学过的语言；2.要把用英语教英语和复习已交过，但在课本里重复不够的材料结合起来；3.要随着教学的进行不断更行所使用的语言；4.要制定用英语教英语的专门计划。 测试评估的五方面 1.效度（有效性）是指测试的内容及其方式是否符合测试的目的，要求；2.信度（可靠性）指测试成绩的稳定性和一致性；3.可行性只测试的实施是否可行，会不会遇到困难，是否切合测试时的实际条件等；4.区别度指表示试题对学生语言水平鉴别能力的指标；5.难度指试题的难易程度。 艺术性教学的意义和作用 1.增强美，育，美是学生全面发展的重要方面，加强英语教学的艺术性对于美育具有很好的促进作用；2.开发非智力因素，通过听说读写活动在美的欣赏中的培养，使苦化为乐，化紧张度为轻松，使学生的动机，兴趣，情感，自信等非智力因素得到开发；3.开发智力，智力的基本因素：注意力，观察力，记忆力。想象力，思维力等在教学中都应得到开发；4.调动大脑右半球的学习潜力，因为大脑右半球的功能是直感，综合，创造性思维，情感，以及对视觉，空间关系，音系，舞蹈，节奏和躯体协调等的控制，就学习而言，大脑右半球的功能倾向于整体性学习和运动性学习；5.加强刺激，外语学习是多层次的活动，一方面不能很简单的归结为刺激反应行为，另一方面也需要肯定刺激反应行为的重要作用。 怎样处理多练与题海的关系 多练代题海，练是巩固知识，形成技能和技巧的必要手段，但切忌无目的的多练，练过头而造成“题海”。练要有明确的目的，既要多练，又要练得恰到好处。处理好多练与题海的关系要做到：1.精选题，巧归类，选题的准则是大纲的要求，教材的神宽度和学生的实际水平，突出典型的系统；2.形象讲评，概括模式，教师平时没有讲透，有的是学生平时没有练透，要巧遇概括出规律，是知识系统化。 论强度，进度与程度和谐 强度，进度与程度是考前英语强化复习的三要素，强度指单位时间内复习的节奏和密度，进度指复习计划中规定的内容指标和时间支配，程度指学生掌握所学知识的牢固程度，运用知识的熟练程度和举一反三的能力，这三者的关系是辨证的，程度的大小制约进度的快慢，进度的快慢又取决于学生程度的好坏，为了协调好强度，进度与程度三者的关系，在考前强化复习的安排上，可以采取两条线，三个阶段的办法。两条线即课内一条线（强知识），把教材重新组织在重点和难点上进行有系统的强化训练；课外一条线，让学生按课，按时，按要求，按时间向前进。三个阶段：第一阶段以知识强化复习为主，大量进行词汇，语法，句型的分类归纳和单向性语言练习；第二阶段以技能强化为主，高速进行听，说，读，写，译的综合性语言练习核对重点课文的活用掌握，；第三阶段以应考能力的强化训练为主，扎扎实实地进行多种类型，多种套路的模拟练习，形成快速应变，反馈的习惯和技巧，使学生在心理上进入最佳状态。 英语教学课堂的基本特点是什么 1.兴趣和积极性1）注意满足学生的成功欲2）在教学中提出一些启发性的要求 3）教学方法要灵活多样； 2.实践性和交际性 1）四会能力和谐发展 2）重视交际应用 3）坚持精讲多练；3.巩固性和发展性：外语教学的过程就是与遗忘作斗争的过程，巩固性和发展性要在概念，同化，知识和技能的迁移中具体体现出来。 英语课堂教学的基本技艺 1.如何开始：1）从悬念开始（讲授新课前制造一个悬念，吸引孩子的注意力）2）从问题开始（问题也会产生悬念的效果）3）从形象开始（形象直观，突出，对学生就会有吸引力；2.如何提问：提问是英语课堂上教师的主要活动形式。1）眼看全班学生提问时不要盯住将要或可能叫到的学生 2）先提问后叫人 3）回答机会均等 4）多鼓励学生：3.如何结束：结束时应注意高潮：1）设置新的悬念 2）表扬和批评 3）唱一支短歌。 练习系统的基本结构——练习的基本层次（选择 简答） 1.机械练习或形式练习2.认知练习或规划练习3.活用练习或意义练习4.交际练习或应用练习练习的基本方面 1.巩固语言知识的练习2.训练语言基本技巧的练习3.形式言语技能的练习4.发展学习技能的练习5.培养学习兴趣的练习测试的意义和作用 1.检测手段：测试主要是用来了解和鉴定学习者掌握英语的实际水平的一种手段；2.反馈形式：测试的内容的形式常常会对教学的内容和方法其极大的反馈作用；3.巩固作用：在讲练新语言材料后的综合性巩固练习，课外作业以及讲新语言材料前的复习提问等一切语言实践活动也都可看作为了解学习效果的测试形式，通过测试不仅可以了解学生的英语水平，而且还可以让学生了解自己学习上的不足，以便调动学生学习上的主动性和积极性，促使学生系统复习所学的语言材料；4.评定（教师部门的指导作用）：测试不仅用以评定教学效果，而且可以通过评定教学效果来评价制约和决定教学效果的各种因素和各项措施。 拟题的要求 拟题必须根据客观要求，是测试达到预定目的：1.要根据教学大纲及各教学阶段的教学要求拟定试题；2.为了考出学生的真实的语言水平，测试不仅要测学生运用语言的准确性，而且要测学生运用语言的熟练程度；3.测试的类型应注意和平时的练习类型一致；4.评分标准要明确划一，客观具体。 暗示教学法的基本原则和途径 1.愉快而不是紧张；2.有意识和无意识统一；3.心理途径（学生内在的态度是知识获得与否的关键因素）；4.教育途径：主要就在于向学生介绍容量很大的课文；5.艺术途径：艺术是运用直觉和情感，以最迅捷的方式使信息直接渗入大脑。 课外教学的意义和作用 1.指导方法：课外教学是整个教学体系的一个重要组成部分，它与通常所习惯说的课外活动虽在形式上是相同的，但在指导思想上并不完全一样。课外教学与课内教学一样，需要充分发挥教师的主导作用，特别是学习方法的指导更需通过课外教学落实，加深和个性化，学习方法指导在课外教学中是第一重要事情，抓住了这一点，课外教学活动便有了根本的目标和中心；2.融洽人际关系：课外教学增加了教师与学生，学生与学生接触的机会，同时也缩短了距离，有利于相互了解和理解，有利于密切各方面的人际关系；3.加强实践：中学英语教学以应用为目的，主要培养技能，而各种技能的形成仅靠每天四十五分钟的课堂时间远远不够的；4.因材施教：课堂活动很难照顾到学生智力，能力及个性心理特征的差异，所以只靠单一的课堂知识传授难以使学生的聪明才智得到充分的发挥，他满足不了学生的求知心理，容易造成两极分化。、课外教学原则 1.配合课内；2.适合学生水平；3.保持活动的趣味性；4.培养骨干带动一片 克雷尔和克拉申《自然途径：课堂中的语言习得》一书理论的主要特点 1.习得----学习假设；2.自然顺序假设；3.监察假设；4.输入假设；5.情感过滤假设 对待国外流派应取得的态度 1.了解，分析：任何一个教学体系总有三个组成部分（基本观点，教学原则，教学方式方）；2.辩证，全面；3.综合实际：借鉴国外的教学流派，要结合我们的实际，这个实际有三个方面：1）要结合我们的教学目的这个实际；2）要结合我们的教学条件，包括师资水平，班级规模，教学设备等方面；3）要结合我们目前教学中存在的问题这个实际，结合教改这个实际。 教学研究的意义和目的 1.意义：1）提高教师的素质 2）提高教学法的灵敏度；2.目的：1）建立中国人教外语和中国人学外语的外语教育心理学 2）完善中学因与教学的模式和教学研究的模式 3）提高实际教学质量 4）深化英语教学改革 教学研究原则 1.理论研究与实践研究结合；2.宏观研究与微观研究结合；3.应用研究与创新研究结合；4.教学研究与文章写作结合

第20篇：自考本科英语论文答辩稿

论文答辩稿

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen: I am Kelly.My supervisor is Mr.Hu.My paper’s title is A study of junior Middle school’s English teaching strategies.Now, I introduce my paper.First, the cause of study In order to succefully purse the goal of teaching students how to learn, it is useful to understand the learning proce.Language teachers and researchers found that some learners seem to be more succeful than others in their learning in spite of being exposed to the same teaching methods and learning environment.Learning strategies can be defined as behaviors of a learner that are intended to influence how the learners proce information.Some famous scholars in our country have written several theses on the topic of EFL or ESL learning strategies, but most of the studies are at college level.Several scholars in Zhejiang Normal University are doing investigation about learning strategies in high school in Hangzhou now; their focuses are at senior high school level.Few studies in junior high schools have been done until now.I write my paper in order to make some contribution to EFL learning and teaching in junior high schools in China.Second, Statement of Objectives 1) To improve the EFL learning in junior high schools in China; 2) To make junior high school EFL teachers turn their attention to learners’ individual variations in foreign language learning; 3) To help junior high school learners be able to know the goal of EFL learning by themselves; 4) To make junior high school learners get to know how to learn; 5) To help junior high school learners gain the ability of learning by themselves and lay a foundation for life-long learning.Third, Definition of Terms 1) Learning strategies Learning strategies can be defined as behaviors of a learner that are intended to influence how the learner procees information.(Mayer, 1998) 2) Language learning strategies Language learning strategies are behaviors or actions which learners use to make language learning more succeful, self-directed and enjoyable.(Oxford, 1990) Fourth, Claification of learning strategies Cognitive strategies Cognitive strategies are thought proce used directly in learning which enable learners to deal with the information presented in tasks and materials by working on it in different ways.Socio-affective strategies Socio-affective strategies represent a broad grouping that involves either interaction with another person or ideational control effect.Socio-affective strategies concern the ways in which learners elect to interact with other learners and native speakers.(Eills, 1994) By interacting with one another students can improve their acquisition of academic knowledge and skills.This type of learning appears to foster two potent activities: active proceing of the information and cro modeling/imitation. Resources strategies Resources strategy is that student make use of library, computer networks, radio, television and other resources effectively,which can get more extensive information in English, expanding the knowledge.It is one very important part that students make full use of learning resources in foreign language learning.China\'s English language learners, learning resources and also not rich.Therefore, the resource strategy is particularly important.Communication strategies Communication strategy is to attract more students look for the opportunity to maintain and improve English communication in English.English communication strategy requires students to be active with students, teachers or with others’ co-operation of the high standard of English practice.Fifth, the approaches of cultivating learning strategies When strategy training is included in the instructional package, students can learn how to learn a foreign language while they are learning the language content.Students can improve both their learning skills and their language skills when they are provided with the neceary tools to: 1) self- diagnose their strengths and weakne in language learning; 2) become more aware of what helps them to learn the language they are studying most efficiently; 3) develop a broad range of problem-solving skills; 4) experiment with both familiar and unfamiliar learning strategies; 5) make decisions about how to approach a language task; 6) monitor and self-evaluate their performance; 7) transfer succeful strategies to new learning contexts.The goal of strategy training is to explicitly teach students how, when and why strategies can be used to facilitate their efforts at learning and using a foreign language.By explicitly teaching students how to develop their own individual strategy systems, strategy training is intended to help students explore ways that they can learn the target language more effectively, as well as to encourage students to self-evaluate and self-direct their learning.As we know, no single method of language teaching can usher in an era of absolute, predictable succe in teaching a foreign language.Language teachers have to turn attention to learners’individual variation in foreign language learning.So there must be a shift from the study of “how to teach” to the study of “how to learn”.

At last,I would like to first expre my appreciation and thanks to Mrs.Hu, for she has been providing me with helpful guidance, encouragement. Thank you ！

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