求助信范文英语（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：英语求助信写作指导

求助信写作指导

应该遵照英文书信的格式，表达出自己希望得到的急切心理和诚意。

1、常用句型

英文求助信的一些规律性语言（见模板）。自我介绍、写信目的、说明困难、提出要求、进一步展望。此外，描绘身处困境的无奈心情可用 I don’t know what to do./ I wonder how to deal with the problem.描绘渴望得到对方帮助可用I’m eager to get your help./ I’m eager for your timely help等。

2、过渡性词语

列举自己所遇困难、请求对方帮助（见模板）。此外，需要表达困难所导致的不良后果时可用as a result, as a result of, as a consequence, as a consequences of等过渡性词语。

3、高级表达

可用分词作状语，也可用so that或in order that引导目的状语

Model

Dear__________,

My name is ______./ I’m _______./ I have met much difficulty.First, ___________.What’s worse / Worse still, _________.What’s worst, _______.

Faced with / Facing so much difficulty, I have to turn to you for help.Would you like to ___________ so that / in order that _________? In the meanwhile / Meanwhile, ___________.Also, I would like you to __________ to ________.

I’m sure that I can ________ with your help./ I will be much appreciated if you help me to ________.

Thank you for your time.

Yours ________,______________

推荐第2篇：求助信

求助信

尊敬的县委书记：

您好！

很抱歉打扰您，让你繁忙的工作中抽时间来阅读我的信件，在此表示深深的感激之情！

我是湖北省、黄冈市、蕲春县、横车镇、牌楼村、十二组的一家普通村民，由于现今外出打工的趋势，不能从根本上解决家庭经济问题。回到家乡经过几个月的深思熟虑多方考察后决定开始与人合作创业——蛋鸡养殖，于今年8月开始黄冈市横车镇牌楼村的一所老校区开始实施，至今已是有5月由余，此中遇到诸多问题已不由而说了，但是现今我们遇到的最大的问题就是——销售问题与资金短缺，我想这势必会影响着我们的存亡。我们选择的是以室内封闭全自动机器喂养的鸡场圈养方式，蛋鸡的粪便从地下池中向外流出，还配有专人负责卫生问题，与外界形成生态环保养殖模式。现下鸡已开始下蛋，由于是穷乡僻壤的乡下买主难寻。另外，我和的合资者皆是来自于农村，我们的资金来源都是来自过去在外打工存钱和亲朋好友借助，又在当地银行贷款五万元整，目前已基本用完，并且不能再由其他方面提供，由此不得不在处于百般交难之际向您求助，望能指点一二。热切盼望您的回信，在此再次表示忠诚的感谢！此致

敬礼！

2012年1月22日

王平亲笔

推荐第3篇：求助信

求助信

文体概述

求助信是当个人遇到一些自己无法解决的问题或困难时向别人请求帮助的一种书信。通常包括三部分内容：

1.表明写信目的，请求帮助。

2.要清晰陈述请求帮助的具体内容。

3.希望得到帮助。注意语气委婉、真诚，并要向收信人表示感谢。

开头套用句式（ 表明写信目的，请求帮助。）

1.

I am writing this letter to ask you to do me a favor/give me a hand.2. Now, I am writing to ask you to give me a hand/ do me a favor. 3. I’m writing to ask for help.4. I am writing to you to request you to help me find it back.5. I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.6. I am Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.I am writing to ask for help.

中间套用句式（要清晰陈述请求帮助的具体内容。）

1.我遇到三个困扰我的问题。首先，……其次，……最困扰我的是……

I am encountering three problems which trouble me a lot.To begin with, … What’s more, … What troubles me most is…

2.不幸的是，我觉得做某事很困难。

Unfortunately, I find/feel it quite difficult/hard to do sth.3.

But now I have some difficulty in doing sth.4. But Ihave some difficulties with sth.5. I have trouble in doing sth.

6. Doing sth is another terrible headache for me.7. I\'m encountering many difficulties in doing sth.8. I also have problems in doing sth.or sth.

结尾套用句式(希望得到帮助。) 1.Therefore, I’d like you to give me some advice on …

2.I wonder if you can help me with these difficulties.I really appreciate it if you could help me.3.Faced with the above problems, I am anxious to get your help.Would you please offer me some advice on…?

4.So, I’m writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help.I will be very grateful if you can help me.Looking forward to your reply.And I’d be really thankful.

5.I would appreciate it if you could reply to me early(如能尽早回复我将不胜感激)．I\'m looking forward to meeting you as soon as poible.6.If you find it, would you please post it to me? The addre is on the envelope.I would appreciate it if you could give me your earliest reply.Thank you for anything you can do for me.

1 经典范文

Dear Sir or Madam,

I’m so grateful for your good service during my stay in Travel Inn Atlanta, but I\'m writing to ask you to do me a favor to find and send back my pack left in your hotel.

I checked in on Oct.1 and out on Oct.6.Setting off in a rush to the airport, I left my pack in Room 202.It\'s a medium-sized, black backpack containing some reference books for my mid-term examination, a white iPad, a credit card and some cash.All in the pack matters to me, especially the iPad, a precious gift from my father on my 15th birthday.

If you find it, would you please post it to me? The addre is on the envelope.I would appreciate it if you could give me your earliest reply.

Thank you for anything you can do for me.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

Dear Tom,

I’m Li Hua, a Senior 3 student in your school.Currently, I’m having trouble learning English.So I’m writing to ask you for help.

There’re two main problems I’m faced with now.First, I find it quite hard to master the English grammatical rules and put them into use.Furthermore, so nervous do I feel in front of my clamates that I can’t say a word in English.

Therefore, I sincerely hope you can offer me some advice on how to study English grammar and how to overcome my fear of speaking English.

I have the confidence that with your help, I can conquer my English.I really appreciate it if you could help me.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am Li Hua, a Chinese student takeing summer courses in your university.I am writing to ask for help.I came here last month and found my courses interesting.But I have some difficulties with note- taking and I have no idea of how to use the library.I was told that the Learning Center provides help for students and I am anxious to get help from you.I have no cla on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons.Please let me know which day is OK with you.You may email or call me.Here are my email addre and phone number: lihua@1236.com; 12345678.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours, Li Hua

2

推荐第4篇：求助信

求助信

求助人：0000、男、000族，生于XXX年XX月XXX日，住湖北省XXX县XX镇XX乡。

求助人因在云南省遭遇交通事故于2011年2月9日入迪庆香格里拉人民医院住院治疗，入院以后，院方为求助人做腿部X线拍片检查两次，治疗后于2011年3月3日出院。出院时迪庆香格里拉人民医院诊断为“左大腿软组织挫伤”，出院小结上转归结果为“治愈”。2011年8月19日，求助人在湖北省鹤峰县中心医院做CR检查，诊断为“左髋臼陈旧性骨折拌左侧股骨头内嵌”。2011年9月10日又在云南省丽江市人民医院复查CT片及检查报告单示：

1、左侧陈旧性髋臼骨折。

2、左侧股骨头坏死。不同医院对同一患者的同一部位诊断结果完全不一样。可见迪庆香格里拉人民医院对求助人的伤情造成了漏诊。

通过咨询，求助人左髋臼陈旧性骨折，左侧股骨头坏死的伤情，其治疗需要高额的费用，预计首次手术费需要56000.00元。此后，每十年需要换一次股骨头，所需费用每次为56000.00元，结合求助的人年龄，需要更换5次，所需费用为280000.00元，所以治疗费共为336000.00元。 求助人的伤情鉴定为八级伤残，按求助人户籍所在省的标准计算（5832.00元/年×20年×30%）为34992.00元。 求助人须行六次手术治疗，每次治疗时间预计一个月，

休息时间两个月，总计十八个月，求助人身伤为农民，按求助人户籍所在省标准（16940.00元/年）计算为；25410.60元，此为后期治疗必然会产生的误工费用。已发生的误工费用依照司法解释的规定可以计算至伤后365日。误工费为365天×46.41）16939.60元，误工费用总计应42350.25元。求助人后期手术治疗期间以及休息期间需要一人专事护理，护理时间为150日，护理费为7058.30元

另外，求助人家里还有两个小孩，一个母亲，（5832.00元×3年÷2）为8748.00元（5832.00元×16年÷2）为46656.00元。（5832.00元×15年÷2）为43740.00元。共计为99136.00元

求助人在迪庆香格里拉人民医院漏诊，既给我身体带来了不堪忍受的苦痛，同时给我精神上造成了终身难民弥合的精神损害，其所受损害本无法用金钱衡量，但出现这样的结果又不得有不用金钱来量化，要求精神抚慰金50000.00元。

综上，因迪庆香格里拉人民医院的漏诊。迪庆香格里拉人民医院应赔偿求助人569536.50元。

现求助人身处异乡。孤立无援，不得已只好向贵州求助，请求政府向我抻出援手，求民于危难之中，责令迪庆香格里拉人民医院培偿损失。甚谢！

求助人：吴林胜

推荐第5篇：求助信

Dear Sir, May I trouble you for a few minutes? I have some difficulty in learning English.I don\'t know how to pronounce English words correctly, and even with the help of the English-Chinese dictionary, I cannot decide how to pronounce most of the new words I have to learn.So, will you please help me and tell me what I should do in order to improve my pronunciation? Thanks.Yours, XX

高考英语求助信范文篇1

Dear Mr.Johnson,

How are you doing these days? It’s almost two months since we met each other last time.I mi you a lot.

Thank you so much for your help with my English study.Now I am faced with some new learning problems.I have some difficulty in comprehensive reading.My English teacher often says that only if we expand the reading quantity can we be admitted into a better university.But, I feel it difficult to understand English paages with the increase of vocabulary / for lack of vocabulary.Besides, I often feel nervous while reading English.All of the problems bring me great preure.I am unable to remember words well and feel tired of learning English.

I really hope that you can give me some good advice on how to memorize new words and practice reading English.I believe I can make great progre in English with your help.

I would be grateful/thankful if you could give me some advice/help.(By the way, please come to China for a visit whenever it is convenient to you.I am looking forward to seeing you again.)

Best wishes!

Yours sincerely, Li hua

高考英语求助信范文篇2

Dear teacher,

My name is Li Xiang.I’m writing a letter to you to ask for some help.I have met with many difficulties in learning English.First,I find our texts full of new words that are very difficult for me to remember.Besides,the texts are too long for me to recite.What’s more,grammar is also very difficult to learn.

Faced with so many difficulties, I have to ask you for some help.Would you like to introduce to us some good ways to learn new words so that we can remember them more easily? In the meanwhile,I beg you to teach the text more slowly so that most of the students can easily follow you.Also,I would like you to introduce some rules and good ways to learn grammar.I’m sure that I can make great progre in my English study with your help.

Yours, Li Hua

高考英语求助信范文篇3

Dear Uncle,

How are you?

Next week an English speaking contest will be held in the city.A clamate of mine and I will take part in it on behalf of my school.I am excited but also mervous, because it is a good chance to improve my English.But I have no experience.Although I have been preparing for the contest, I am still not confident.As an expert in English, what would you advise me to prepare for the contest?

I plan to pay a visit to you this Saturday morning.I wonder whether you will be free then.If not, could you tell me the time that is convenient for you? I am eager to get your instruction.I will appreciate any of your help.

Your niece, Yang Mei 高考英语求助信范文篇4

Maggie：

Hi,I am lingling,I am here to asking for your help.last night,I came to a dancing party and weared my sister\'s new shoes.I didn\'t get her permiion to wear her shoes.How unlucky!The shoes was broken and i don`t have enough money to get it repaired.I am afriad to tell my sister this.What can I do??Maybe I can mend it by myself??Please give me some suggests.Thanks a lot. LingLing

高考英语求助信范文篇5

Dear Uncle,

亲爱的叔叔：

How are you?

您好!

Next week an English speaking contest will be held in the city.A clamate of mine and I willtake part in it on behalf of my school.I am excited but also mervous, because it is a goodchance to improve my English.But I have no experience.Although I have been preparing forthe contest, I am still not confident.As an expert in English, what would you advise me toprepare for the contest?

下周市里举办英语演讲比赛，我和一位同学将代表学校参加比赛。我感到既兴奋又紧张，因为这是一个提高英语的好机会。但我没有经验。我一直在为比赛做准备，可仍然没有把握。作为一个英语专家，您建议我为比赛准备些什么呢?

I plan to pay a visit to you this Saturday morning.I wonder whether you will be free then.Ifnot, could you tell me the time that is convenient for you? I am eager to get your instruction.I will appreciate any of your help.

我打算这周六上午去您家，我想知道到时您是否有空。如果没空，能告诉我您什么时候方便吗?我渴望得到您的指导，我会非常感激您的帮助。

Your niece,

您的侄女

Yang Mei

杨梅

推荐第6篇：求助信

求助信

尊敬的校领导：

我们是湛江市爱周高级中学的教师，现在对关于学校将我们级组教师划分为中等职业技术类教师的决议深感担忧，痛苦，我们特向您求助。

1．10月15日教工会议，让我们选择普通中学与中等职业技术类教师的时候，我们级组教师都已一致选择了普通中学，但现在却生硬的将我们十八人划分到了中等职业技术类教师，我们深感愤怒。

2．按湛机编[2011] 36号编办方案，我校为“湛江市教育局直属的公益一类正科级事业单位，实行全日制普通高中学历教育为主并兼顾职业高中教育的全日制普通高级中学”，学校办学的“主要任务

（一）实施全日制高中学历教育；

（二）培养高中学历技术应用人才”。现若人为将老师分为普通中学或中等职业技术类教师申报，十八位老师非常担心以后中等职业技术类教师身份会影响大家变为公益二类单位人员的身份，为日后的发展埋下隐患。

3.我们全体教工一路风雨同舟，见证了学校发展的历程。学校的现在办学趋势是办普通高中，我们以校为家，愿意与学校荣辱与共，我们愿意与其他教师一道，选择普通中学类，希望学校领导能尊重我们的意见，趋利避害，设身处地为我们老师着想，尊重老师的意见，以人为本，将我们十八位老

师归类为普通高中教师，填报为普通高中教师信息表为盼，期待领导的切实关怀！

此致

敬礼

（附：级组教师签名） 级组教师 2013年10月23日

推荐第7篇：高考英语作文之求助信

Dear Jenny How are you doing? Time paes so quickly that it seems that you have been away for nearly half a year.I mi you so much and sometimes can’t help recalling the time when you had cla with us.I am very grateful to your help with my English study.But recently I face some problems on my English study which I still can’t manage them well after trying many methods or turning to others for help.The first one is that I find it a little bit difficult to remember new words and their usage.I gue it’s because we are learning more new things than before but I don’t know how to learn their by heart in a short time.By the way, you must know that we are going to retell a short story when taking the reading and speaking test during the college entrance examination.And the second difficulty I meet is that I can’t retell a short story well.I have no difficulty in understanding the story but I have trouble taking notes in a high speed and retelling them fluently after a short preparation which just last for one minute.Since I’m going to be a senior three student, I’m very concern and hope to solve these two problems soon so that I can make better progre in English study.I’m looking forward to your advice which I’m sure I can get some help from.Welcome back to China for another visit whenever it’s convenient for you.I hope to meet you again.Best wishes

Yours, Li Hua

推荐第8篇：求助信格式

尊敬的…领导：

内容......

此致

敬礼！

（求助人留名处）

XX年XX月XX日 联系人：......

地址 ：...地址...邮编......

首先写求助信在中央

然后写名对象，即称呼。

正文，写明求助原因，中心，即意义

结尾，表明谢意，写明求助人姓名，日期

推荐第9篇：困难求助信

困难求助信

尊敬的：

您好！本人于年月到工作至今已有个年头，年来，在你们的关心、支持与领导下，本人兢兢业业，为宣传企业、宣传品牌写了不少文章与报道，以及拍摄了不少有历史价值与有意义的资料照片，尽职尽责做好各项工作，为提高企业知名度与促进企业发展奉献了十几年的青春，与此同时，本人也学到了不少知识，在此首先感谢你对我的一贯关心、支持与帮助！

年来，本人的年薪不高，从工资改革以来，一直在元左右，物价又逐年飚升，而今我的两个孩子又同时上大学，每年要开支五六万元，加上其它开支，全年约需八万多元，且爱人在公司车间收入微薄，全家的开销靠我一个负担，十几年来没有什么积累，压力极大，为了生计，现今我己作出辞职申请，进修学习，另谋出路。生活所迫，确实无奈，鉴于此，敬请总经理你给予帮助，出于人性化考虑，从公司给本人困难资助金万元，请在百忙中审阅、批示、支持，本人不胜感谢！你永远是我的好领导、好兄长；，在我的心中永远是温暖、可爱的家！ 谢谢您！

祝您身体健康，家庭幸福，万事胜意！

祝事业蒸蒸日上，明天更美好！

求助人：

年 月日

推荐第10篇：求助信 个人材料

领导好：

一

基本情况

我叫徐龙新，男，32岁，范县龙王庄中心校的一位教师。爱人叫刘利蕊，今年32岁，也是龙王庄的一位教师。有两个孩子，女儿10岁，儿子3岁。

二

治病过程

不幸的事打破了这个原本幸福 和谐的家庭。2011年3月爱人被安阳肿瘤医院确诊为乳腺癌，于是根据专家建议住院治疗，拿出了先化疗两个疗程再做手术的方案，于4月13日在本院做了全切除手术，术后又化疗了4次，康复出院。在10月14日的复查中，又查出了淋巴转移，紧接着又做了两次化疗。这时的家庭负担重重的压在了这个原本幸福 和谐的家庭，在亲朋的支持下完成了这8次的化疗。

2012年正月初七又奔安阳肿瘤医院复查，查体结果如雷贯耳——肺转移

有胸水。专家建议化疗两次，结果化疗了三次。看着爱人疼痛难忍 滴水未进，她认识到了病情的严重性，决定放弃。在我和家人的劝慰下坚持了下来。出院查体，大夫说病情稳定 控制住了。6月5日的查体又一次震撼了这颗受过伤害的心灵。肺部再次有胸水

皮下转移，在我的劝说和陪同下，去了北京广安门中医院，在专家的安排下，住进了北京普祥中医肿瘤医院，中西结合治疗肿瘤。接着又做了3个疗程的化疗，在第三个疗程未做完时，发现脑转移，四肢无力不受支配了，在专家的指导下，转院解放军第307医院做射波刀手术（因病情严重未住进医院，接受了门诊治疗，治疗费约6万。）。术后病情恶化，10月5日转范县人民医院，以降颅压为主治疗，于10月24日离开了这个温暖的家。看病总计花费214129.45元，医保报销80000。

三

待解决问题

1.一次性抚恤金的发放不是20个月基本工资，而是40个月的基本工资。

2.在307医院看病的门诊发票至今未报。

第11篇：致妇联求助信

致《妇联》一封咨询求助信

尊敬的妇联同志：您好！

我有一个朋友（女），今年40岁，于21013年4月5日这天在海南非常突然的辞世了，她的老公（男、今年61岁）称逝者是因得病而上吊自杀的。但是，通过逝者生前朋友们的表述，又根据逝者生前的种种迹象表明，不可能是自杀的，感觉是被人加害的（怀疑逝者的老公）。而且逝者生前已经早有预感，她的老公要加害她（有逝者生前与朋友的聊天记录为证），同时逝者的老公在逝者生前因疑神疑鬼，经常对逝者施暴、殴打（有伤后照片为证）；逝者生前曾多次提出离婚，都被她的老公连哄带骗的没有办成（老公还骗取逝者与她老公签订了一个协议：个人名下财产归个人所有，在之前逝者的老公已经将逝者名下的几十万财产已经转移到他的名下了，听逝者说，这笔钱后来又被转移了）；其中离婚未果还有另外一个最重要的原因是：让逝者净身出户；并且经常非人的方法逼着逝者离开家。而逝者不甘心；原因是：逝者与7年前嫁给现在的老公（老公有一子），逝者的老公当时在他们结婚的时候，没有工作，在家炒股票，总是赔。婚后，逝者的老公不让逝者再出去工作了，陪他在家炒股票；经过这些年的努力，赚取了很多的钱，大概有几百万。。。但是离婚时，在逝者身无分文状况下，逝者老公逼迫逝者净身出户，而且曾经在以前离婚的过程中，逝者又被哄骗的签了一份对逝者极为不利的协议，所以逝者提出给30万元就离开的要求；但是逝者的变态老公（逝者的朋友都这样称呼）一分钱也不给，就是逼迫她离婚快走，并且把逝者的大学文凭等的一些文本还给偷走了不给，造成了逝者走后都无法正常工作的尴尬境地，故逝者采用了跟她的老公耗着这种方式，等待拿到该属于逝者的财产（逝者已经有了离开的打算了，几个月前逝者在无奈的情况下，让朋友出资帮助，开了一家网店，时间不是很长，经营状况还没有达到预期的收益，但这是为了今后能有一份可以糊口的事情可做）。谁知，就在逝者苦苦等待的时候，还经常挨变态老公的殴打，造成遍体伤痕。曾经听逝者讲，逝者的老公还要整死逝者，谎报有病自杀。。。谁知这样的事情在2013年4月5日还真的发生了！逝者的老公还真的报案说是有病自杀。

这件事情发生后，逝者的许多朋友得知后，没有一个人相信是自杀的，而且逝者当天给朋友打电话聊天的时候，根本就没有自杀的前兆。大家一致认为，该事件有许多问题不解，存有很多的疑点！

疑点：

1、逝者生前曾经与朋友一起经营着一家网店，而逝者专门负责产品订货、进货，为此，逝者办理了一张光大银行卡，账号和密码只有逝者一个人知道；但是，逝者生前都没有来得及与网店的人进行任何交代（告知银行卡账号、密码），怎么可能会自杀呢？自杀是不成立的！

疑点：

2、网店设置的密保手机号码卡一直在逝者的手中，这关系到网店的安全账号的随时修改必用手机号码，关于手机号卡这件事情逝者也没有做任何的安排和交代（因为逝者在海南三亚，而网店办公在北京）。自杀是不能成立的！

疑点：

3、在逝者与老公僵持的这段时间里，逝者的老公不给逝者一分钱，因此，逝者已经在外从朋友那里借了许多的钱自我开销用，答应离婚后拿到钱还钱的。但是这些欠款还没有还呢，逝者生前也没有做任何的交代，借谁的？借多少？怎么还？这些都没有交代、讲明。故逝者自杀不能成立！

疑点：

4、逝者的老公报案后，在出警的民警没有到达现场前，现场被破坏的七零八落，很是凌乱，有许多的地方有被人翻过的迹象。不保护好现场。这是

为什么？

疑点：

5、在离地一米六左右（脚都能拖地）的一根小细铁管上，人怎么能够在那里上吊？而且上吊后，这支细铁管应该出现弯曲的弧度！可是据到现场的人讲，铁管并没有发生任何的变化和弯曲！

疑点：

6、在逝者的后背为什么出现大面积的淤血，什么原因造成的？（逝者的老公告诉说是剪断绳子摔得）；但是大家都明白，对于一个死人，从一米多高的地方掉下躺下，不可能出现后背大面积淤血的，更何况一米多高的地方还用剪断吗？这个理由根本就不成立的！

疑点：

7、自杀的理由，逝者的老公称，逝者当时承认有外遇，被老公当时在逼迫的情况下自杀的，这个理由就更说不过去了，有那一个人有外遇后，准备开始今后的新生活去自杀的？正常的话应该早就跑了开始新的生活了，怎么会承认自己有外遇后去自杀呢？反之，如果非要这么说，那就只有一种可能，就是逝者承认有外遇，变态老公听后发疯了，歇斯底里，在不理智的状态下加害了逝者！然后伪造现场。这又是一个令人费解的疑点！

疑点：

8、公安警官为什么没有对现场进行认真仔细的勘验，为什么只是听逝者老公的一面之词，把这起事件当做一件普通的自杀案件来操作、处理？为什么不追究当事者破坏现场的责任？同时，在对逝者尸检时，根据的是什么判断是自杀？验血能证明什么？从勒痕上是怎么判断的（U型？O型？）？这两个形状在被加害时都可以做到形成的！逝者的脚后跟处勘验了吗？有记录吗？据到停尸房看逝者的人讲，脚后跟有被磕成红肿的痕迹。怎么解释呢？有勘验记录吗？

疑点;：9、逝者的老公为什么着急逼着家人急于火化逝者的遗体？答应给点儿钱草草了事？

疑点：

10、在现场遭到严重破坏的情况下，警察怎么能够真实的对现场进行勘验？

尊敬的妇联同志！我想问一下，就是在这种情况下，逝者的家人出于逝者的老公答应给钱和其他客观的原因，当时没有进一步追究报案立案，草草了事了。现在逝者的许多朋友得知此事后，一致认为逝者不可能自杀的，在有充分理由的情况下，都要站出来说话了，要求重新申诉此案，要求公安机关立案进行刑事调查，来告慰逝者的在天之灵！在此，请通过您这里寻求一条伸张正义之路。有人说：不花钱，正义根本无法得到伸张。可是我们不相信，在中国法制健全的国家，正义是能够得到伸张的！

这件事的发生，民愤很大，造成的影响很坏，大家一致认为，要坚信法律的社会公正性、尊严，愿意站出来为弱者伸张正义，来告慰逝者。法律是不容践踏的！恶人不能逍遥法外！

逝者的生前好友

2013年4月10日

第12篇：肾衰竭病人的求助信

肾衰竭病人的求助信

尊敬的各位领导、好心人：

您们好！感谢您能抽出宝贵的时间来读这封求助信！希望你们都能伸出爱心之手，援助之手，来帮助我的爱人，我可怜的妻子吧。

我妻子黄云菊，今年36岁，湖北省保康县城关镇人，2011年5月，突然感到身体极度不适，随即上吐下泻，到城关医院治疗无效后转到县中医院继续治疗，经县中医院确诊为“慢性肾衰竭（尿毒症）”，而且已到晚期。我被这无情的检查结果完全吓蒙了，致死都不敢相信我妻子如此年轻，竟患上如此之症。等于把我们一家三口人打入了无底深渊。因为我是一个普普通通的农民，无固定经济收入来源，小孩子今年9岁，就读乡镇小学二年级，这样的病对于象我这样普通的家庭来说，无疑就是一个晴天霹雳，根本无法承受巨额的医药费。在医院经过几次住院综合治疗，我妻子的病情虽然暂时得到了控制，但是有几项生命体征、指标还不稳定，每天都要忍受病痛和精神上的的折磨，生活基本无法自理。从2012年1月起，已开始在医院每星期两次透析，每次450元。医生说，目前想完全治愈这个病唯一的办法，就只有换肾才能生存，否则一旦出现其它并发症，一切将晚矣。这次治疗，将我们夫妻原本不多的积蓄全部花光，现在已是举债度日。经多方打听，换肾治疗的费用包括“肾源、手术费及后期排异等医药费用”，大约需要几十万元。面对这笔巨额资金缺口，我们已无能为力„„

恳求各位领导、好心人真切考虑我们家的实际困难，急切盼望社会各界能给予相关帮助。虽然我的妻子和你们都素不相识，但爱是没有区域与界限的。请你们拿出一点微薄之力，献一份爱心，帮助我可怜的妻子战胜病魔，帮助我们一家度过难关。您们的仁爱之心，点滴之恩即可重燃一个新的生命，又能让我妻子多一线生存的希望，更能让一个濒临破碎的家多一份重生的希望。我们全家将不胜感激大家的竭力帮助，愿各位领导、好心人一生都平安健康长寿！泣血百拜!!!

附：医院检查报告

医院诊断证明

身份证明

求助人：陈胜宝 15586412199

黄云菊 15571093188

第13篇：高中英语作文素材 一封求助信 A Letter for Help

一封求助信(A Letter for Help)

Dear Uncle,

How are you?Next week an English speaking contest will be held in the city.A clamate of mine and I will take part in it on behalf of my school.I am excited but also mervous, because it is a good chance to improve my English.But I have no experience.Although I have been preparing for the contest, I am still not confident.As an expert in English, what would you advise me to prepare for the contest?

I plan to pay a visit to you this Saturday morning.I wonder whether you will be free then.If not, could you tell me the time that is convenient for you? I am eager to get your instruction.I will appreciate any of your help.

Your niece,

Yang Mei

第14篇：关于做好汇龙金港物业平稳过渡的求助信

关于做好汇龙金港物业平稳过渡的求助信

尊敬的王书记：

成都三和房地产开发有限公司开发的金堂水城之星-汇龙金港楼盘共32层，素有金堂标志性建筑之称，小区住户共有近500户。去年该楼盘在约定交房日期后5个月内数度推迟交房，经过业主多次催告，最终在不具备交房条件的情形下匆忙通知广大业主接房。由于小区诸多配套设施至今未竣工，导致接手本楼盘的成都信谊物业管理公司面临诸多管理难题。如今该物管公司终于不堪重负，不得不决定退出小区管理。

物管公司已经于2012年2月27日发出通知，要求广大业主前往小区物业管理办公室领取预交的物业管理费。不难预计在接下来的日子里，业主们很快就会看到小区停电、停水、电梯停止运转，装修垃圾布满大楼，甚至治安案件偶有发生的局面。为了确保小区物业管理的平稳过渡问题，并以此举为两会的召开营造和谐社会环境。特请求县委县政府尽快安排相关职能部门出面协调物业公司、开发商和业主代表，妥善解决小区面临的困难，实现小区业主如下诉求：

1、责成成都信谊物业管理公司马上中止单方面违约行为，继续履行物业管理职责，直到与新的物业公司办理交接手续为止。

2、敦促成都三和房地产开发公司立即就物业管理公司披露的小区建筑缺陷进行全面彻底的整改，同时要对业主普遍反映的问题，比如电梯备用电源并网运行，安装入户可视门铃系统，地下车库正常投入使用要尽快实施到位，并要求按质按量限期完成。

3、请求政府出面指导召开小区业主大会，选举业主委员会。并指导业主委员会组织实施新的物业管理公司公开招标工作。

前述三项诉求，诚望县委县政府出面做主。本小区可以自发组建临时业主委员会，协助政府职能部门做好汇龙金港物业平稳过渡工作。临时业主委员会成员将由有志为小区无私奉献且年满18岁的业主报名组成，并承诺不谋求正式业委会成员职位。

汇龙金港业主QQ群

2012 年 2 月 29 日

第15篇：河南鹤壁明昆诈骗案受害群众向全国法律工作者求助信

河南鹤壁明昆诈骗案受害群众向全国法律工作者求助信

尊敬的各位法律工作者们：

举国关注的河南鹤壁明昆担保公司诈骗一案即将走入司法程序，鹤壁受害者集跪求全国有志于为民伸张正义的法律工作者的救助。

具体案由详见：；

；

http://finance.stockstar.com/JC2012122900000714.shtml等网址。

现在鹤壁市政府有关领导为了推卸责任，意欲将明昆诈骗案定性为群众贪图高利向琦新和众圣非法融资案。事实是受害群众把钱交到了明昆担保公司，明昆公司给了一份其为琦新或者众圣的担保合同，合同上受害人的签名都是由明昆公司业务员代签，联系电话也是业务员的电话，受害群众根本不知琦新和众圣为何物。鹤壁市政府的种种行为早已激起鹤壁受害群众的强烈不满，只能拿起法律的武器，看看中华人民共和国到底是权大还是法大。现欲组成律师团还原事情真相，也还鹤壁一片真正的蓝天！

律师团具体工作如下：

1.追究明昆、琦新、众圣三家公司法人及股东和公司有关工作人员的法律责任，追回被骗资金;

2.追究鹤壁市政府相关部门相关人员的法律责任，追回被权力滥用和行政不作为造成的明昆公司提前流失的资金；

3.如果法院最后判决受害群众不满意，将状告鹤壁市政府，要求国家赔偿！！！！！！！任重道远、困难丛丛。如果您有相关法律经验，有匡扶正义之心请给以下信箱留言：hebitaozhairen@163.com, 我们将主动与您联系。

鹤壁受害群众翘首期盼您的到来，对您的帮助感激涕零！！！！！！

鹤壁全体受害群众

2013.01.09

第16篇：英语

大学英语作文范文

1.成功的四个步骤

Four Steps to a Succeful

The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance on the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart.

Dre properly.While everyone wants to give an impreive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted.If you are still in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose.For busineman or grownups, casual clothes are recommended.Never put up your working uniforms,no matter how well you like that Armani suit.It is no work.A few acceories such as a pair of sunglaes or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere.

Take a bath before dating.And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unle you＇re sure that he or she likes the smell,don＇t use ones that are too strong.

Watch your manner.You＇re no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the legend.Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart.And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts.And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be \"coy\" nor \"by St.Loy!\" after the nun in Chaucer.

Be a little sensitive than merely innocent.Do make sure you do not intrude his or her privacy on the first date.For there maybe something deeply concealed within the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn＇t share often with anyone but his intimacy.

Finally, wish you good luck.May you get your hearts combined and start a new journey in the miracle of life and love.Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, and keep on through out the whole way.

3.大学英语的学习Learning English at College

Learning English at college is different from learning English at middle school.In middle school, we learn English mainly for the entrance examination for college, while the purpose of learning English at college is quite different.We study foreign languages now to improve our ability to work in the future and especially to communicate with foreigners.

How can we learn English well at college? Firstly, you should try your best to enlarge your vocabulary.Only in this way can you read more smoothly and understand others well.Secondly, you should pay more attention to the listening and speaking ability in learning English.While talking with foreigners, if you can＇t understand them, and do not know how to expre yourself, the talking will be very difficult.And the last point is that you should improve your English whenever and wherever you can.

Obviously, there is still a long way for us to go to learn English well.As a proverb says,

Never too old to learn.＇ There are so many methods to learn English.So long as you keep on studying, your English will surely be improved.

4.电脑能代替纸笔吗?

People often say we have entered the electronic age.Computers have become the center of life.No one can live and work without computers.In the future, everyone can work and study at home before a PC.There won＇t be piles of files.Instead, a disc is OK enough.

With the appearance of printers, the pen becomes le useful than before.And since the computer was created, paper is also gradually giving way to the screen, which can show lively moving things from different sides in the same picture.It is true that with the development of science, such products as computers and printers will be the major tools in our future life and work.But the traditional tools will also exist for a long time to supplement the function of the modern ones.At least, we still need pens to sign with and paper to sign on.[

5.幸福是什么What Is Happine?

Happine means different things to different people.For example, some people believe that if they have lots of money, they will be happy.They believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happine.On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position

in the government is happine.In this way, you have not onlymoney, but also many other things which can＇t be bought by money.

However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happine nor is holding a high position in the government.These people value their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health.They think these can make them happy.

For me, happine is closely tied to my studies, my work and my family.When I made great progre in my studies, when I made contributions to the society through my work, when all the members in my family live in harmony, sharing good and sad times, I was happy.Although the definition of happine depends on each individual my \"wealth\" of happine is in my studies, my work, and my family.

6.经济发展与环境保护Economic Development and Environment.

Some people believe that economic development should never be at the cost of the environment.They think the present serious environmental problems are largely caused by rapideconomic development.For example, land resources are shrinking because of the industrial development and the expansion of cities.Deserts are spreading because of over grazing, poor fanning, tree cutting, and strip mining.Our air and water supplies are being polluted by poisonous gaes and waste products.It is important, therefore, that we should take another look at the way in which our industries and cities are developing.

However, other people think it unneceary to consider environmental problems now and our first priority should always be given to economic development.They believe that environmental problems are inevitable and unavoidable in the proce of economic development.They are only the by products of economic development, which can be dealt with later when we have the time and money.

I think the second idea is completely wrong.Our ultimate aim in economic development is to provide a comfortable and happy life for our people.What is the point of economic development if we achieve it at the cost of our environment? There has been much evidence to prove that a balance between the two helps more rapid and continuous development.

7.树立目标的重要性The Importance of Goal

Why is goal-setting important? Because goals can help you do and experience every meaningful thing you hope for in life.Instead of letting life happen to you, goals allow you to

make your life happen.

Succeful people have visions of what their life should be and they set lots of goals, both short-term and long-range, to help them realize the visions.By setting goals you are taking control of your life.It is like having a map to show where you want to go.A driver with an aim arrives at the destination without any waste of time or wrong turns.On the contrary, a driver with no aim drives aimlely around, never getting anywhere and just using up gas and oil.Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.They decide what they want and then get there by making plans and setting goals.Goals are not difficult to set and they are not difficult to reach.It is up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are.With a clear direction, and with certain plans, you will straightly get what you want.

Without a goal, you have to live a paive life.You do not know where to go, what you want and why you are listle.Then your life be comes dull and meaningle just like the dead water in a muddy lake.

10.城市化利弊谈Advantages and Disadvantages of Urbanization.

Urbanization has been a subject of heated discuion for a long time.Some people are in favor, while others are opposed.In my opinion, urbanization has both advantages and disadvantages.

Generally, the advantages of urbanization can be listed as follows.First,urbanization can quicken our pace to catch up with the developed countries.We all know that the developed countries are all highly urbanized.Second, urbanization will help to solve the problem of unemployment.It will create more job opportunities for the unemployed.In addition, urbanization will free a great number of farmers from the fields, thus realizing the dream of agricultural mechanization in our country.Finally, urbanization can improve the standards of living of the migrants who move to the urban area.

However the disadvantages of urbanization are also obvious.To begin with,administration of the increasing population in urban area might be a great challenge to the government.Moreover, more problems, such as increasing crime rate, over crowding, might increase, since more people are concentrated in a relatively smaller place.

It is evident that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.Therefore, I am in favor of urbanization.

彩票的负面影响

Spare the Lottery

Lottery, booming all of a sudden all over the world, attracts all kinds of people.

Nearly everybody, old or young, rich or poor, is right now trying his luck in lottery or is thinking of doing so.Despite many disputes that lottery is receiving, I still aume, personally, that lottery does mere good than harm.

The worst effect caused by lottery, as many socialists indicate, is that it produces in people an idea of \"gain without pain＇.But at the same time, they neglect one point--it is human nature that people all expect to obtain most while offer least.

The thought of \"gain without pain\" is buried in everyone＇s heart and is not bred by lottery.

Consequently, lottery is innocent in this way.But there still remain a large group of people against lottery, among whom are some lottery addicts.Such people are fond of lottery but

unfortunately luck is never fond of them.Finally, they end up in complaining about lottery, declaring the great harm, both psychologically and economically lottery has done to them.In this case,the problem lies in the attitude of people, not lottery.

Since the major two sorts of harm are not lottery＇s fault let＇s have an objective look on lottery.For the society, lottery is the most practical way to accumulate funds.For those who happen to win a large fortune, I think they can＇t ki their lottery enough.Also for those who have not a single chance to be lucky dogs, lottery can mutely tell them the truth of \"no pains, no gains.\"Spare the lottery! It, in itself can do more good than harm.

讨论对外开放政策On Open Policy

The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations.We must adhere to the open policy.Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can poibly advance behind close doors.Only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries.

Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence.

第17篇：英语

践行升本，打造高校英语课堂 各位领导、伙伴们，大家下午好！

现在，我站在这个台上，我有太多的激动和忐忑。即令我兴奋又令我不安。兴奋的是，因为这次机会和缘分，我又一次品味了我的从教生活，其中许多的美好的片段勾起了我的回忆，触发了我的思考，更让我有了新的发现：虽然我没有在这些年变得积极富足，但一路走来，我和学生们一起开心的学习生活过。只有体会过才知道，教师的生活也可以很美好！拥有是幸福的，分享更快乐！感谢你们给我这次分享幸福的机会，我相信，在做的一定有很多同伴比我更优秀。由于知识有限，今天我主要介绍一下在升本教育这个大环境下我的英语课堂的做法。

一、选择升本

课改的大旗可以说是五彩缤纷，无论是山东杜郎口的砸掉讲台、挂满黑板，还是即墨二十八中的师友互助，再或者我们河南本土的西峡三疑三探教学模式，课堂教学改革的必然趋势犹如春风吹拂大地，让我们应接不暇。而自从我们接触到郭思乐教授的生本教育理念，通过研读郭思乐教授的升本理论、聆听报告，在升本的道路上跌跌撞撞，反反复复中，我们才逐渐识得庐山真面目，咬定青山不放松。学习是讲究方法的，就如齐白石老先生曾告诫他的学生和后人：“学我者生，似我者死”。意思是学习他的风格的人会比较有前途，但是一味地完全模仿他的画风的人只能失去自己。所以，学习升本，我们要用心去学，学其神而非形，更要联系自身的实际努力从而形成自己的教学风格，以学生为本，为激扬生命而教育的理念根植于心灵深处，以此为“一”，并坚信“一生二，二生三，三生万物”。所有一切必须我们身体力行，脚踏实地，践行升本之路，追随教育的本源和生命的成长，不仅是学校对我们的要求，更是教育对我们的要求，也是我们自己内心的渴求。

郭思乐教授在《天纵之教——生本教育随笔》中曾这样说：“术”有万千，“道”最重要。“理念”在升本教育中占有非常重要的地位，几乎可以说，升本教育的理念就是方法，就是该放手时就放手的意蕴。升本教育的行动如果不畅，大体上都不是因为方法不对，而是因为理念不到位。

我们对升本教育只有真相信，真实践，才有真成绩，才能真正体会道做老师的幸福。半信半疑不行，真做不累，有的老师平时不做，公开课才做，平时没有练习，到时倒成了四不像，怎么上怎么觉得别扭，而且觉得：“你们怎么这么笨，都告诉你们怎么做了还是不会。”学生累，老师更累。

二、践行升本

下面是我在英语课堂上的一些做法，仅供参考

1、课前展示丰富多采

课前展示无论从内容道形式，都要丰富多采，从而点燃学生的热情，比如坚持每天课前留出一个三分钟小舞台，在这个舞台上同学们可以自由发挥，展示自己，可以唱英文歌、跳舞、讲个英文小故事或者英文小笑话（这个我们平时用的报纸上都有，只要学生用心，不难找到）、来段演讲、读一篇优美的英文短文等等。我们鼓励学生们表演任何一个他会的和英语有关的且人文健康有意义的节目，表演的同学全班同学一个一个的轮流，轮到的同学必须参与，当然他也可以邀请其他同学与他合作表演，我们要用我们的评价机制，给予真诚的评价。

2、前置作业的设置

前置任务是升本课堂的一个重要表现形式，而龚雄飞校长学本式教学模式中的三大特点之一就是自学。无论是生本教育的前置任务，还是学本式课堂的自学，其本质都是让学生在课前完成一定的学习任务，只不过自学更侧重于学生预习还未进行的新课。 1） 建立预习笔记本

在七年级刚开始接班的时候就把预习要求写在黑板上，让学生把要求抄在预习笔记本的第一页，然后在每节课之前，让学生课前在家自学，将自己在家自学的情况进行整理记录，使不同层次的学生能自主的安排学习时间，，基础薄弱的学生可多投入时间解决基本的学习问题，比如对课文中单词的读音、句子的翻译、简单语法点的整理；基础好的学生可自主进行更深层次、更广范围的探索，比如整理出课文中的比较难的语法点，并试着用课文中新语法进行造句等，这样使不同层次的学生在自己的基础上都有所得。同时要求教师课要及时掌握学情，以学定教。这个课前坚持预习情况是比较重要的。从检查中可以看出这个学生是否认真预习，对即将学的知识掌握的有多少，从而达到以学定教。我的每一节课前必须是学生先预习，然后再反馈预习情况，在学生有所了解的基础上上课和一无所知的上课效果是完全不一样的，而且预习后，一部分简单的内容没必要在浪费实践处理，节省时间。 2） 掌握学情，以学定教

我们应该在了解学生学习情况的基础上，再决定“教什么”和“怎么教”。那些大部分学生已经掌握的知识。不再需要教师反复地讲，而是可以放在小组合作学习时，在小组内互学互教，这就是我们所说的“不教而教”。教学真正的难点和重点，应该放在大部分学生自学、预习时觉得困难的地方。而不是教师备课时自己认为困难的地方。

所以“以学定教”的另一个要求是：教师要更关注课堂教学中的动态生成，而不是课前的预设。毕竟，学生是活生生的人，我们可以设计一间房子，可以设计一件衣服，但我们无法设计有思想有生命的人。

那么课前自学的学情如何把握呢？难道每次都是我们亲力亲为的一个个检查？即使我们老师愿意，也没有那么多的时间，这时我们就可以发挥小组长和英语课代表的力量。如果是第一节课和第二节课，时间很紧，一是充分发挥小组长的作用，小组长课前初步检查、评价，向英语课代表汇报，然后英语课代表再汇报给老师；二是上课前让学生将自己的预习本翻开放在挨走道边的桌角，老师利用课前时间在班级初步浏览检查评价（包括书写的工整程度、双色笔的使用、课文标题是否写清晰，以激励为主）。如果是第三节课，教师就可以进行收交查阅，检查学生的掌握情况。

另外，教师要指导学生对自学笔记本定期进行整理和反思，通过随机抽查，检查学生对自己自学记本上所记内容是否已经掌握。每月检查学生笔记本 的使用情况，及时评价，并在师生中开展学生自学笔记观摩、评比活动，使大家相互学习借鉴。我通常是在两个班各自评比后再互相交换，取长补短。对学生课前在家进行自学活动进行有效的管理和指导，培养了学生自主学习的习惯及能力，同时也较好的实施了分层教学，促进了不同学生的自我发展。

3、互学互展 1）小组的建立

互学也就是我们平常所说的小组活动。小组合作是升本课堂必不可少的环节，没有小组，就没有升本。但我们的小组合作不能流于形式，成为少数优秀学生展示的舞台。所以，我们的小组建立既要合理安排好组员，还要培训小组长学会分工合作，组织组员有效讨论。要通过一定的制度与实践让学生明白小组任务的完成有赖于小组每个成员之间的相互合作。小组与小组之间要引入一定的机制，不仅激发了学生的竞争意识，还逐渐培养了学生的团队合作精神与小组荣誉感。小组学习的活动形式表面上看，课堂秩序并不好看，但是很实在，课堂上每个学生都在参与教学活动，几乎每个学生的脸上都洋溢着笑容，学生在实践活动中不仅增长了才敢，还发挥了潜能，这不正是尊重学生、以生为本的最好体现吗？

根据我所带的两个班的基本情况，根据本班学生学习的基础、能力、性格、性别等因素，按照“组内异质、组间同质，互补互助、协调发展”的原则分组，具体做法如下：

（1） 两人师友互助。同桌两人形成一个自然的互助学习小组，成绩好的是师傅，成绩弱的是徒弟。这种方式使活动迅速覆盖倒每一个学生，让每个学生都获得学习和练习的机会。 （2） 前后四人合作小组，即两位师父，两位学友。每组有一个成绩优等生，两个中等生和一个潜能生。优等生带中等生，中等生带潜能生。这种小组活动是我开展英语课堂活动的载体。

（3）大组竞争。前后左右相邻的四个小组形成一个大组，我根据学生的英语成绩确定出每个组的大组长和小组长，这个大组长的人选尤为重要，他们不仅要有一点组织管理能力，而且英语成绩必须在班上占中上等，这样以来他们才能在小组中树立威信，才有能力辅导各小组长，小组长再辅导本小组成员，便于课堂上小组活动的开展，从而与其他大组形成竞争。 （4）自由组合式。由学生根据自己的意愿自由组合。这样组成的小组，组内的成员大多兴趣爱好相投，感情相融，有利于激发学生的学习兴趣和培养学生的个性。我经常让学生们在课外利用这种方式来互学、互教、互演；或者在课堂上，利用每个unit的最后一个课时，让学生们在相对固定的四人小组表演完了之后，再自由组合，进行交换角色表演或拓展表演。 其次,要合理分配小组成员，让每个组员明确各自职责。由于每个学生各司其职;少了盲目性与争吵，小组合作变得快乐而有效果。同时，合作学习的评价观与传统教学评价也有很大的不同。将个人间的学习竞争变为小组间的学习竞争，以小组总成绩作为奖励或认可的依据，形成“组内合作，组间竞争”的格局。 2)小组活动的开展

在老师的帮助下，让学生逐步习惯“课前先学、课上小组讨论（互学）、班级交流”的教学三部曲；确定每次活动做什么，不但要把学习还给学生，更要让学生懂得自己学习；因人设岗，明确组员职责，组长负责小组的全面工作，在熟悉组员的情况下进行分工，组织全组人员有序的开展讨论交流、动手操作和探究活动等。这样以来，让小组的四个成员人人有事做，学生既有参与兴趣又有成就感，有利于下一步小组合作学习的成功开展。教师应定期集中组长进行座谈，及时了解各组内的合作情况，并随时对个别学生进行学习和心理上的辅导，令他们在老师的关爱下积极投入到升本学习中；教师还应做一个参与者，每次全程参与一个小组的活动，让学生有章可循，学会合作。

4、在游戏中学英语。

学生在经过感知及表演课本剧，对单词的学习是经过从“整体——局部——整体”的过程，这也是“（教材）整体输出（单词）——（学生）整体输入（单词）”的过程。课本剧有故事情节，能帮助学生理解单词。在教学过程中，教师也可加插一些有趣的游戏，使学生更加有兴趣去学，去记单词。游戏形式多种多样，学生更有兴趣学，学得更快更好，真是在“乐中学，学中乐”。

升本课堂少不了对学生的评价，而这一方面是我很欠缺的地方，在这里我就不在多说了，留着给我们的伙伴以后探讨。

生本教育观念与新课标教育理念是一致的，都是强调多维度的审视学生。我相信，只要我们坚持以学生为本，充分相信学生，大胆依靠学生，充分调动学生的主动性、积极性，将会在构建高效的英语课堂上有新的突破，有效促进英语教学质量的提高

1

第18篇：英语

大学英语演讲训练

第五章 即兴演讲Impromptu Speech 演讲者能不能和听众之间建立和谐的关系，是决定演讲成功与否的关键。如果没有这种和谐的关系，真正的沟通就不可能实现。 要想成功的发表即席演讲，事先进行一定的练习大有必要。如果这种练习越多，那么当你临时上台演讲时，就越能轻车熟路的应对可能出现的任何情况。 向一大群人发表即席演讲，其实就像在自己的客厅里和朋友聊天一样，只不过谈话的对象和范围有所扩大而已。你所需要做的，就是对自己谈论的话题充满信心。 ---------卡耐基

第一节、即兴演讲的理论内涵（Theory）

一、即兴演讲的含义（Concept）

即兴演讲（impromptu speech），又称即席演讲，是指在事先没有准备或准备时间极短的情况下就某一话题进行一定时间的演讲。这是各种英语演讲比赛、口语测试、竞赛中常见的一种方式，它不仅能考查演讲者和应试者的英语语言基础、语言驾驭能力、思维反应速度，而且要求他们举止得体，具有一定的表演艺术。因此即兴演讲学生甚至求职人员基本综合素质的有效途径之一。

二、即兴演讲的性质（Eence）

要在很短的时间内就某一观点或话题组织自己的看法，并且流畅的表达出来，听起来好像是一件很难的事情。其实，即兴演讲并非高不可攀，我们每个人在日常生活中都在或有意或无意的进行即兴演讲，例如在课堂上回答老师的问题，就某一热点话题与舍友们探讨，或是邀请一位漂亮的女孩共进晚餐，诸如此类，都可以算作即兴演讲的范畴，唯一不同的，只有场合，或严肃，或轻松；或正式，或随意。

相比较于命题演讲，即兴演讲对于参赛选手的语言驾驭能力和思维应变能力等方面都有着较高的要求：

1、一定的知识广度。只有学识丰富，才能在短暂的准备时间内从脑海中找到生动的例证和恰当的词汇，使即兴演讲增添魅力。这就要求演讲者具备一定自己所从事的专业知识，并能了解日常生活知识，如风土人情、地理环境等。

2、一定的思想深度。这是指即兴演讲者对事物纵向的分析认识能力。演讲者对内容应能宏观地把握，通过表层迅速深入到事物本质上去认识，形成一条有深度的主线，围绕着它丰富资料，连贯成文，以免事例繁杂、游离主题。

3、较强的综合材料的能力。即兴演讲要求演讲者在很短的时间里把符合主题的材料组合、凝练在一起，这就使演讲者应具备较强的综合能力，有效地发挥出其知识的广度和思想的深度。

4、较高的现场表达技巧。即兴演讲没有事先精心写就的演讲辞，临场发挥是特别重要的。演讲者在构思初具轮廓后，应注意观察场所和听众，摄取那些与演讲主题有关的人物或景物，因地设喻即景生情。

5、较强的应变能力。即兴演讲由于演讲前无充分准备，在临场时就容易出现意外，如怯场、忘词等等现象。遇到这种情况，只有沉着冷静，巧妙应变，才能扭转被动局面，反败为胜。

三、即兴演讲的特点（Features）

即兴演讲是一种临场而发的演讲，不允许做充分地准备，即事先无法拟好讲稿，更不允许反复修改、试讲与排练，完全是一种“突然袭击式”的演讲，因此与命题演讲相比，即兴演讲具有以下特点：

1、时间上的紧迫性 urgency

2、情境上的被动性 paivity

3、内容上的多样性 diversity

4、表达上的即时性 instantaneity

四、即兴演讲的种类（Categories）

依据演讲的目的，即兴演讲可分为告知性演讲、劝诱性演讲以及特殊场合下的演讲。

1、告知性演讲（informative speeches）

告知性演讲是指给观众提供某个主题的相关信息的演讲。其目的在于使观众对题目有所了解、认识和理解，重在“说明”而非“说服”。此类演讲可用于说明事物、程序、事情、概念以及问题等。

2、劝诱性演讲（persuasive speeches）

劝诱性演讲是通过语言是他人思维、感受从而使其认同演讲者的观点的演讲。这是所有演讲形式中最重要也是最具有挑战性的，同时也是演讲比赛中最常见的类型。

3、特殊场合下的演讲 (special occasion speeches) 特殊场合下的演讲与告知性演讲和劝诱性演讲有许多相似之处，前两种演讲中涉及到的基本概念、方法等都使用。但既然是特殊场合下的演讲，必然有其特别的因素和特点。特殊场合演讲的目的多为娱乐、庆祝、纪念和激励等„„

五、即兴演讲的评分标准 （Grading）

一般说来，即兴演讲的评分标准与命题演讲的评分标准大致相同，在此不作赘述。 练习题：

1、即兴演讲的成功要素有什么？

2、即兴演讲可分为告知性演讲、劝诱性演讲以及特殊场合下的演讲三种，请分别找到一篇演讲，分析其特点。

第二节、即兴演讲的实战经验（Practice）

一、如何准备即兴演讲（Preparation）

正如上节所提到的，即兴演讲并非高不可攀，只要充分准备，任何人都可以成为一个优秀的即兴演讲者。即兴演讲的准备工作可以分为日常积累和临场准备两个阶段。

1、日常积累

日常积累又可以分为经验的积累和素材的积累。 1.1、经验的积累

要想成为一个优秀的即兴演讲者，反复的操练自是不可缺少。随便一个话题，都可以成为我们练习的题目。我们可以一个人对着一间空屋子大大声的练习，也可以和自己的好友结成对子或三五成群，一起练习。练习的时候，镜子和录音机都是你最好的帮手。可以对着镜子练习，观察自己的面部表情和肢体语言；也可以把自己的声音录下来，方便自己纠正发音、及时总结优缺点。通过这样反复不停的操练，我们的材料组织能力和语言表达能力都会得到有效的提高，从而为真正的即兴演讲铺平道路。 1.2、素材的积累

演讲技巧的有效发挥，必须要以充足的素材为基础，否则，演讲就会变成空谈，因此，我们在平时的学习、生活中，可以有意识的去积累一些名言警句、新闻时事、哲理故事、调查数据，随时关注社会上流行的一些重要观点或热点话题，并经常思考或与他人讨论这些问题；当然另一方面很重要的，是一些经典的句型句式，甚至段落。这样在你拿到演讲的题目时，才不会感到没有话说。

2、临场准备

2.1、破题

正确理解题目意图，是准备即兴演讲的第一步，也是最重要的一步。正确理解题目意图，关键是要找到题眼，以2005年CCTV杯英语演讲大赛中的一个题目“The greatest invention in my eyes”为例，在这一题目中，题眼应该是单词“invention”，即make or design ( something that did not exist before), created by thought，因此，那些自古就有的事物就不能列入发明之列了，例如，我们可以发明电灯，却不可以发明电；此外，诸如ancient culture, education, water等，都不在这个题目的要求范围之内。确定题眼之后，接下来要注意的就是题眼的修饰词。仍以这个题目为例，invention的修饰词是greatest，这就意味着，演讲内容的唯一性，即不能出现两个或多个invention。

破题的另一个关键是要明确思路。如果你拿到的题目是一个问题，那么首先你要做出回答，例如，如果遇到这样一个题目：“Should the historical buildings in Beijing be replaced by modern sky scriptures?”你首先要明确自己的观点，要，还是不要；如果你拿到的题目是一句话或是一个观点，那么首先你要明确，自己对这句话或是这个观点是支持还是反对，例如，如果遇到这样一个题目：“marriage on campus?”你要首先确定你是支持还是反对这一做法。 ２.２、搜集素材

正确理解题目，确定个人观点之后，就要从脑海中积累的素材库中搜索相应的内容，即brainstorming。具体做法就是迅速在纸上列出所有你能想到的与你的观点有关的内容，可能是一件事、一句话、一个数字，甚至一个词，例如，如果见到这样一个题目：My View on the Internet，那么映入脑海的会有什么呢？information, amusement, convenient, QQ, e-mail, on-line games, 等等。这一过程大概需要一到两分钟。 2.3、选择素材

在纸上罗列出所有想到的素材之后，很重要的一步就是要从中做出选择，内容相近的可 3

以合并。仍以上述题目为例，在列出所有观点之后，可以进一步进行整理：其中的QQ, e-mail可以归为“communication”，而information, amusement和communication又可归为“convenience”,而on-line games和一些false information又可归为“disadvantages”。即兴演讲中最常见的问题就是把演讲弄成“流水账”，即把演讲做成事例或观点的罗列。要避免这一问题，就要在罗列的素材中做出取舍，选择两到三个比较典型的观点展开，即“贵精不贵多”。 2.4、谋篇

要在短时间内构思出一篇演讲稿，看似困难，实则不然。如果可以在平时积累一些框架模式，到时候只要把有关的内容填充进去即可。即兴演讲和写文章一样，在谋篇布局上是有一定的规律可循的。从大的方面看，英语演讲词实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文，其基本组成部分是：

1)开始时对听众的称呼语

最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用 Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr.，Chairman, Honorable Judges(评委)等等。

2)提出论题（开头）

由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。

3)论证

对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。

4)结论

结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。

5)结尾

结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解”，“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention.

一般说来， 称呼和结尾这两部分都大同小异，而第

二、

三、四部分是演讲的主要内容，是我们要根据不同题目进行构思的。这种三段式的框架模式，即开头或引子，论证和结论，可以广泛的运用到各类演讲中去。 例一：My View on the Internet.1) 引子 （introduction）

(1) 因特网已将越来越普及了； （2）提出问题：因特网的利弊。 2）论证（supporting evidence） （1）因特网的作用。

①一种方便快捷的交流工具； ②方便获取各类最新消息； ③提供多种娱乐。 （2）因特网的弊端。 ①虚假、恶意消息；

②许多青少年沉迷于网络游戏； ③人们缺少面对面的沟通。 3）结论（conclusion） （1）我对因特网的看法；

（2）提出使因特网更好的为人们生活服务的建议。 例二：Marriage on Campus 1) 引子 （introduction）

(1) 描述现状或事例：一些在校大学生走进婚姻的殿堂； （2）亮明观点，大学生最好不要结婚。 2）论证（supporting evidence）

（1）大学生应珍惜宝贵的学习机会，不断提高自己； （2）不成熟的爱情难以经受毕业的考验；

（3）婚后的生育问题: 不能把大学校园变成托儿所。 3）结论（conclusion） （1）重申我的观点；

（2）奉劝有此想法的大学生三思而后行。 例二：Don’t Hesitate to Say “No” 1) 引子 （introduction）

(1) 描述现状或事例：中国人不喜欢说“不”； （2）亮明观点，要学会拒绝。 2）论证（supporting evidence）

（1）人情层面----勉强答应会伤害彼此间的感情；

（2）道德层面----对于那些违反道德的请求要勇于拒绝； （3）法律层面----对于那些违反法律的请求必须拒绝。 3）结论（conclusion） （1）重申我的观点；

（2）号召大家勇敢的拒绝。

以上三个例子都采用了“三段式”的框架模式，其中，第二部分为主要部分，但是第一部分和第三部分也是不可缺少的。因为没有引子，会使演讲显得太突然，难以调整和抓住听众的注意力；而没有结尾或结论，就难以深化主题，加深听众的印象，从而影响演讲的效果。

练习题：

从本章附录中选择2到3个题目，依照本节2.1 到2.4中所提方法列出提纲，注意将时间控制在三分钟左右。

二、论证部分的构思

这一部分是整个演讲的重心部分，它的成败直接影响到整个演讲的成败。论证部分的构思，要遵照“由点到线，再到面”的原则。这里的“点”指关键词，“线”指主题句，“面”指展开的段落，也就是说，拿到演讲题目，首先按照上一节中提到的办法搜集并选择素材，从而确定关键词，然后把每个关键词用一句话表达出来，再以这几句话作为段落的主题句，层层展开，从而完成一篇演讲。

1、由点到线

仍以上节中的例一为例：My View on the Internet 关键词

主题句

Communication Internet is a new way of communication, which is cheaper and faster.Information We can get the latest information all over the world through the internet.Amusement Internet provides us with various kinds of entertainment.On-line games many youngsters are addicted to the on-line games.演讲者若能再拿到题目后迅速想到两三点进行阐述的话，演讲的成功就获得了最基本的保证，否则，势必会导致演讲时层次不清，说话颠三倒四。

2、由线到面----段落的展开

一篇演讲光凭几个关键词和主题句，无论是从内容还是时间上来说都是远远不够的，还需要对各主题句进行适当的扩展，即段落的展开。展开段落的方法有很多，常用的有：时间顺序法、空间顺序法、列举法、举例法、对比法、定义法、因果法、分类法、综合法等。 2.1、时间法

在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。遇到：A Day to Remember, My Plan for Vocation, A Wonderful Trip, The First Time I„这类的话题，经常可以用到这种展开方式。看下面的例子：

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

After lunch, while the other girls were sunbathing, Pat and I returned to the water.Soon cramps spread from my stomach to my legs.Immobilized by pain and fear, I yelled for help.My friend thought I was joking: so she ignored me.However, Sister Theresa came to my rescue when she noticed my plight.She pulled me out of the water and administered resuscitation.When regaining consciousne, I realized how close I had come to death.My experience with near death reminds me every day how close we all are to death in our daily lives.在这个段落里，作者用了after lunch, while..., soon, when...等时间连接语按时间的先后顺序记叙了一件发生在午饭后的事。

There are four separate stages in making bread.The first stage begins by mixing yeast with warm water.This mixture is then added to half the amount of flour.The resultant batter mixture is then left for an hour.At the next stage the rest of the flour is added to the risen batter mixture, along with salt and oil.The main step in the second stage is a thorough kneading of the dough, after which it is left to rise.The third stage involves shaping the dough into loaves; the shaped loaves are then put into bread tins and left to ‘prove’(rise).In the final stage the bread is cooked in a hot oven.The whole proce of bread-making finishes when the bread is taken from the oven and left to cool on wire racks.这个段落采用时间顺序法描述了做面包的的过程。作者用了The first stage begins by..., At the next stage..., The third stage involves...和In the final stage...等连贯性词语详细地按照先后顺序介绍了四个步骤。 2.2、空间法

依据空间的次序进行论述应是有序地由远至近或由近至远，由上至下或由下至上对事物进行描写。这种方法经常用于场景的描写，如下面的例子描写了一幅美丽宁静的夜景。作者先描写空中的月亮，再随洒向大地的月光写到湖四周随风摇曳的树枝，又由青蛙的叫声把读者引到了湖的中央，最后结尾讲：这是一个多么迷人的夜晚。这个段落文字简洁流畅，有序地按空间顺序由上写到下，由外写到里。

It is a beautiful and quiet night.the moon is like a disc hanging on the dark sky，which casts its light on everything.Around the lake are some trees，their slender leaves billowing in the gentle wind.There must be some frogs in the middle of the lake，whose endle singing can be heard clearly.What an attractive night 2.3、列举法

列举法是通过列举具体的细节来进一步说明主题句所表达的主导思想，展开段落。列举法如果使用得当，能增强文章的说服力，使文章显得条理清楚。用列举法发展段落时，主题句常包含表示数量的词，如：several, many, some, four 等。列举细节时，可以根据各种内容的相对重要性，按一定的逻辑顺序排列。请看下面的例子：

Social activities benefit us in many ways.To begin with, these activities can widen our knowledge, because we can learn what we can’t from our books.Second, these activities can serve as a bridge between theory and practice, because we can learn how to put our book knowledge into practice.Lastly, these activities can enrich our experience, in that we can get to know the society well so that we can adapt to it easily when we graduate.本段的第一句是段落主题句，in many ways在这里为下面的列举作好了铺垫。之后用了to begin with, second和lastly作为连接语，条理清楚地列举了社会活动有益的三个方面。 2.4、举例法

举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它是用典型、具体而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落主题句的抽象意思具体化，使文章通俗易懂并具有说服力。但是，在实际运用的时候，必须精选例子，要作到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。请看下面的例子：

Many old buildings in cities are still being found useful.In several cities, old buildings that were no longer being used have been converted to a variety of useful structures.For example, one school building was changed into ninety-nine rental units for elderly and low-income residents.In Baltimore, Maryland, six schools were converted into 132 units with the help of a four million dollar city bond financing arrangement.“School House 77” in Boston utilizes three recycled elementary schools and an abandoned instrument factory.All these examples show how cities are using unneeded schools, police stations, libraries, and boarded up factories that are structurally sound and even architecturally interesting buildings.本段的第一句是段落主题句，指出在城市里有许多旧楼还在发挥着作用。这里的“作用”是比较抽象的，不容易说得很充分。但是作者用一些实例（如将旧校舍改建成住房提供给低收入人群等）来加以说明，主题思想就较为容易和直观地表达出来了。

It is very difficult to evaluate another person’s performance objectively.For example, Linda recently wrote irresponsible remarks about her instructor because she was failing the course.Her friend Jack wrote a marvelous description of the same instructor because he was receiving an A in the course.Both Linda and Jack were not fairly evaluating the instructor.They were influenced by the grades they were earning and were biased in their judgment.这个段落的第一句是主题句，说明人们很难做到客观地评价另一个人的作为。接着用Linda和Jack两个例子来支持这一观点，展开段落。例子使用贴切典型，恰如其分。 2.5、对比法

对比法是指通过叙述或描述两种或两种以上的相关事物之间的相同（相似）的地方或不同之处来表达主题。采用对比法展开段落主要通过两种途径：一是先叙述对比双方的一个方 7

面的全部细节，然后再叙述另一个方面的全部细节；另一个途径是对逐个问题进行双方面的比较。请看下面各例：

Why do so many graduates gravitate into busine instead of into teaching? Part of the reason is the ever-widening pay gap between these two profeions.A secretary, an office clerk or a bank employee can earn monthly income as high as RMB 2，000, and when one is promoted to the position of a busine executive or manager, the salary is even higher.But a college graduate with a master’ s degree can only get a salary of RMB 1，000 per month for his teaching job.No wonder, college graduates are attracted into more lucrative（赚钱的，有利润的）fields.本段的主题是为什么那么多的大学毕业生从商，而不从事教学工作。作者运用对比法，说明由于两种职业之间存在着越来越大的收入差异，所以有好多学生毕业后选择从商，而不选择从教。

There are striking similarities between two of the most popular U.S.presidents, Abraham Lincoln and John F.Kennedy.Both men had their elections legally challenged.Lincoln and Kennedy are both remembered for their sense of humor, as well as for their interest in civil rights.Lincoln’s secretary was Mrs.Kennedy; Kennedy’s secretary was Mrs.Lincoln.Neither man took the advice of his secretary not to make a public appearance on the day on which he was aainated.Lincoln and Kennedy were both killed on Friday in the presence of their wives.And finally, the same caion（弹药车） carried the bodies of both men in their funeral proceions.本段采用对比法通过第一种途径展开段落。这里，作者将美国历史上两位伟大的总统林肯与肯尼迪从六个方面作了比较，描述他们的相似之处。 2.6、分类法

分类法是按一定标准对事物进行归类的一种段落发展方法。通过分类，可以使文章脉络一目了然。例如：

There are two kinds of sports: “amateur” and “profeional”.Amateur athletes do not receive money for competing in sports.Olympic athletes, for example, are amateurs.They do not receive money.Profeional athletes, on the other hand, do earn money.Some profeional athletes earn a million dollars or more a year.They need this money to support themselves and they can save some for their future.本段的主题句也在段落开头，指出运动有两种形式：业余的和专业的。然后，作者采用分类法发展段落，分门别类地对业余类（amateur athletes）和专业类（profeional athletes）进行解释说明，使段落主题更明确地展示在读者面前，段落层次清楚，中心思想统一明了。

Examinations fall into three kinds.One is the machine scored “objective” type.In an objective test, the students answer questions by deciding on best choice among a number of alternatives given.Another is the “completion” type.This kind of examination requires the students to add a word or phrase to complete a sentence.And the third type is the eay examination, in which the students are asked to write a composition on a given topic.All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned in any particular course.本段采用分类法来展开段落。主题句在段落开头，指出“考试可分三种类型”。然后，作者运用One is the machine scored “objective type”, Another is the “completion type”“,And the third type is the eay examination” 来清楚地将考试分类阐述，段落脉络一目了然，层次十分分明。 2.7、定义法

定义法是通过简单易懂而且准确的语言阐明某事物的性质和特征来发展段落，使读者对 8

某事物比较抽象的或是难以把握的一些特征有一个较清晰的认识。定义法常用于说明、描写和论证，以提供更多的具体解释来说明某一概念或术语。请看下面的例子：

Love is a very general term.It refers to a strong feeling of fondne for another person.It can happen between people of the opposite sex or between members of a family.No matter where it happens, love can always bring happine to people.这也是采用定义法发展段落的好例子。段落一开始，作者先指出，爱是一个常见的字眼，意义很泛。紧接着用It refers to ...来对爱(love)进行定义解释，清楚简单，意思明白。

Is Formal Examination the Best Aement of Ability? Examination refers to a test of a student’s knowledge or skill in a particular subject, which results in a qualification if the student is succeful.Here the “knowledge or skill in a particular subject” can be understood as “ability”, and a formal examination is an examination from authority, which can surely be the best aement of ability.本段首先通过下定义的方法说明什么是“Examination”和“Formal Examination”，然后将定义中的“knowledge or skill in a particular subject”与题目中的“ability”等同起来，从而引出自己的观点。 2.8、因果法

因果法常用在说明文或议论文中,说明事态发展的原因和结果之间联系的。可以先讲原因，后给结果，也可以先给结果，后讲原因。这要视实际需要而定。也有一些段落结果是显而易见的，就集中说明原因；有的段落正好相反，就集中说明结果，因为原因不言自明。请看下面的实例：

Homes that are improperly insulated may cause problems for their habitants.First of all, it will cost more to heat such a house than one that is well insulated.Second, it will waste energy.Third, it will make the house uncomfortable to live in because drafts or cold air is able penetrate the poorly insulated walls.Also, the poorly insulated walls could cause the inhabitants to have more colds, a health problem that results in higher expenses for doctors and medicine.本段第一句是主题句，指出导致problem for their habitants的是homes that are improperly insulated。然后集中阐明结果，在这里即problems。

So why do manufacturers keep on designing and producing VCRs that are awkward to use if the problems are so obvious? First, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically minded designers with years of experience and trained to understand how appliances work.Secondly, designers tend to add one or two features at a time to each model, whereas you and I face all of a machine’s features at once.Thirdly, although finding problems in a finished product is easy, it is too late by then to do anything about the design.Finally, if manufacturers can get away with selling products that are difficult to use, it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make improvements.段落以问句开始——为什么生产厂家继续设计和生产那些难用的录像机？问句之后，作者列出了四个原因。 2.9、综合法

综合法是指根据行文的需要采用两种或两种以上的方法来展开段落的写作方法。综合法需要具体情况具体分析地使用，千万不可“眉毛胡子一把抓”，或者信笔胡写，一定要注意围绕主题句，以说明段落中心思想为前提，保持段落意思的一致性和连贯性。

3、恰当使用过度性词语

过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，恰当的使用过度性词语不仅能使演讲内容层 9

次分明，富有表现力，而且能使整个演讲连贯、流畅，还能为演讲者赢得十分短暂但却又十分宝贵的思考时间。

常用的过渡词语有：

3.1、常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子 (1)To begin with首先

例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。 (2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说

例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。 (3)First of all第一，首先

例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.第一，居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。

(4)With (the development/progre/growth) of(economy/society)„随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长)„

例： With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.随着社会的发展，妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。 (5)Recently近来

例：Recently，the problem (conflict, production) of grain shortage has become the world focus.近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。 3.2、常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子 (1)In conclusion最后，在结束时

例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.最后，应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。 (2)In brief简言之

例：In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.简言之，计划生育对中国具有重要意义。

(3)In a word总之

例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.总之，没有相互理解，真正的友谊是不存在的。 (4)It is high time that„到„时候了

例：It is high time that the iue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。 (5)It is only when„that„只有当„才„

例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.只有当人民成为国家的主人，科学才能为人民服务。 3.3、常用于表示先后次序的过渡词语及句子 (1)first, second, third„第一，第二，第三

例：First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years.Second, she never mied a cla.Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses.Fourth, she always worked hard.Her clamates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.首先，她在一二年级时就选修了化学课程。其次，她从不误课。再有，她认真完成每一次化学试验。还有，她学习非常刻苦。因而同学们 确信她在高年级时会获得学校化学大奖。

(2)To begin with„,moreover„,finally„，首先„，此外„，最后„

例：There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law.To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities.Moreover, his father is a lawyer.He has always encouraged him to do something similar.Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.他决定学法律有几方面的原因：首先，他对社会事物感兴趣，学习法律有助于他参与这些活动。此外，他父亲是个律师，一直鼓励他从事 同样的职业。最后，他确信毕业后能找到工作。 (3)Meanwhile同时

例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children poe, the more opportunities they will be ensured.

同时，孩子们的技艺与知识掌握得越好，今后的机会就越多。 (4)since then自此之后

例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.自此之后，奥林匹克运动成为小国争取和平和自由的工具。 3.4、常用于表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词语与句子 (1)As a result由于„结果

例：Her performance in college was excellent.As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.由于她在大学成绩优异，她找到一份令人满意的工作。 (2)Due to由于

例：My trip to Guangdong and Shenzhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.由于财务问题，我去广州和深圳的旅行取消了。 (3)consequently结果，因此

例：The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.该国政府不愿冒险与邻国发生冲突，因此答应签署条约。

(4)One may criticize„„for„„，but the real cause of„lies deeper人们可以因为„批评„，但是„的真正原因在更深层次

例：One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.人们可以就火灾事故批评校领导，但事故还有更深的原因。 (5)Therefore因而

例：Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.因而，如果父母们在其为孩子们寻求的良好教育中加入这一点，他们的子女肯定会有一个光辉灿烂的未来。

(6)Among„reasons, one should be emphasized that„在众多的原因中，其中一点给予强调„

例：Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces of cultivated land have been occupied, which results in the grain shortage.在许多重要的原因中，其中一点应强调的是造成粮食减产是因为大量的可耕地被占用。 3.5、常用于比较和对比的过渡词 (1)unlike„与„不同

例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.与口头英语不同，笔头英语比较正规。

(2)In contrast„与之相比

例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.与汤姆比，玛里奥很少努力学习。 (3)On the other hand„另一方面

例：The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years.On 11

the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.发展中国家的期望寿命在过去的30年间都增长了。另一方面婴儿死亡率同期由20%下降到10%。 (4)Likewise同样

例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.要带上旅行中吃的食品，同样也需要带上御寒保暖的衣服。 (5)similarly同样

例：If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English; similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.只要能使听众听明白，在口头英语中出一些错误是无关紧要的，同样作为听众也只对讲话者的意思感兴趣，根本不介意或几乎注意不到讲话者 所犯的口语错误。

4、常用于展开各种段落的句型

4.1、对某种现象发表评论 （1）.今昔对照

①While „ was only known to a small number of people, „ has been widely accepted. ②While „ used to be a luxury, „ has become a household name.

③Contrary to the traditional idea that „ is always „ , now an increasing number of „ believe that „.

（2）.数字引用

①According to a recent opinion poll, „ quite a number of ②Statistics show that „ double every 6 months.

③According to a recent survey, 3 „ out of 10 „.

④As a recent investigation indicates, the percentage of „ is surprisingly high.

（3）.反面论述

①It’s hard to imagine what the world would be like if „.

②Without „

③It’s hard to find „ who „.

（4）.现象引述

①It’s indeed the case that „ have witneed „.

②„ is gaining increasing popularity with „.

③Recent years have seen a boom in the number of „.

④People take it for granted that „.

⑤Many a person admires(the policy)that „.

（5）.论点引述

①„ is one of the controversial iues of our times among „.

②There is always some controversy over whether „.

③A much debated iue these days is whether „ or not. ④There has sprung up a heated discuion as to whether „.

⑤Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern that „.

⑥A hot topic discued today is whether or not „.

4.2、强调重要性

⑴„ plays a key/vital role in „.

⑵„ is of vital importance to „.

⑶There’s no denying the fact that „ is indispensable to „ in various ways.

⑷„，as in the case of many iues, has both positive and negative aspects.

⑸The importance of „ cannot be overstated.

⑹„ has a profound influence on „.

⑺„ has found wide application in various fields.

⑻Now great importance has been attached to „.

⑼The merit of „ lies in many ways.

(10)金字塔型：①First/In the first place/Fist of all/To begin with

②Besides/Moreover/Furthermore/In addition/What’s more

③Most important of all (11)倒金字塔型：①Above all

②Moreover/Furthermore

③Last but not least

(12)平行法∶①For one thing „ .For another „.

②On the one hand „, one the other hand „.

4.3、强调危害性

⑴„ poses a tremendous threat to „.

⑵„ the disadvantages „ cannot be ignored.

⑶„ may create a sequence of problems to „.

⑷„ may cause some side-effects.

⑸Every coin has 2 sides, so does the matter of „.Its negative sides/aspects cannot be overlooked.

⑹The negative aspects of „ are also obvious.

⑺One major disadvantage of „ is that „.Another disadvantage is „. A further disadvantage is „.

4.4、阐述他人观点

⑴When it comes to „/Faced with „, quite a few people claim/argue that „，but other people view it differently.

⑵As far as „ is concerned, opinions vary widely.

⑶People’s attitudes toward „ vary from individual to individual.Some maintain that „.They aume that „.However, others think of „ as „.They criticize„.

⑷Some people believe „.Others claim „.Still others argue„.

⑸Quite a few people, who strongly advocate „ argue „.On the other hand, an increasing number of people, who believe „ maintain „.

⑹Those who object to it claim „.But those who support it argue „.

⑺Quite a few people claim „.More and more people, however, come to realize that „. 4.5、解释原因

⑴The phenomenon is due to a couple of factors. One major factor is „.A further fact is„.

⑵Two main factors contribute to the „.On one hand „.On the other hand „.

⑶A number of factors, both individual and social, can account for/explain result in the phenomenon.For one thing, „.For another „.A third contributing factor is „.

⑷There are many reasons for „ but generally they can come down to 3.One reason for this is „.Another reason is „.One strong reason for my argument is „.

⑸One major reason is „.The fact that „ can be another reason.A further reason is that

⑹„ is frequently connected to „.„ may also have led to „.It’s generally true to say that „.

⑺Reasons for „ are numerous.The chief reason is that „.A second good reason is that „.Still another reason is that „.

⑻One may attribute/ascribe/owe to „.

⑼One may trace the phenomenon back to „.

4.6、比较 ⑴Like „

⑵Similarly/Likewise/In the same way „

⑶Just as „

⑷Compared with „

⑸„ differs from „ in several ways.

⑹The advantages of „ outweigh those of „.

⑺It’s hard to say whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or vice versa.

⑻Another important difference is „ while „.

⑼„ outshine „

4.7、举例

⑴History/Life is filled with examples.A good case in point is „.Another good illustration is „.

⑵Take „ as an example.

⑶To take a random example, „.

⑷Just suppose what would be like/happen if „. ⑸A case in point is „.Another case in point is „.

⑹A good case in point is „.It\'s the same case with „.This is also true of „.

4.8、引用

⑴There is an old saying/proverb, „ , which suggest/indicates that „.

⑵As a famous saying/philosopher once put it, “ „ ”，it’s clear that „.

4.9、驳斥

⑴At first sight, „ appears to be entirely positive/beneficial.However, further analysis reveals drawbacks to the way of thinking.

⑵It’s true that „ , but it doesn’t mean/follow/say that „.On the contrary, we should „.

⑶It’s understandable that „.However, this is not to say „.

⑷The main problem with the view is „.

⑸Admittedly „ but this is not to say „.

⑹There is no denying/doubt/question that „ but it doesn’t follow „.

4.10、采取的措施

⑴Measures/Actions should be taken to cope with the problem.To begin with „.Next „.Last but not least „.

⑵One suggestion to this problem is to „.Another suggestion „.A further suggestion is that „.

⑶One major solution to „ is to „.The fact that „ can be another solution.Still another solution is that „.

⑷Now it’s high time something was done to cope with „.On the one/other hand „.Only in this way shall we „.

⑸Several poible solutions have been put forward.One is „.Another is „.Undoubtedly there’s a long way before „. 4.

11、个人观点 ⑴.观点：

①I quite agree with the statement that „.

②Personally, I’m in favor of the former/the latter „.

③To my mind, I’m on the side of „.

④For my part, I side with „ as the result of the following considerations.

⑤As I see it, „.

⑥In my opinion/view，

⑦It seems to me that „.

⑧As far as I am concerned，„

⑵.预测：

①It can be safety predicted that „.

②It’s clear that/It goes without saying that „.

③It is anticipated that this upward/downward trend will continue/persist.

练习题：

依照本节提到的展开方式对上节练习所列提纲中的论证部分进行展开，注意连接词和句型的使用，时间控制在8分钟左右。

三、即兴演讲的开头和结尾

1、即兴演讲的开头方式

好的开头是成功的一半。好的开头能立即抓住听众的注意力，并为进入演讲的主要部分开辟道路。一些演讲者在开头不久后就会觉得无话可说，是演讲难以进行下去，其主要原因就是没有把头开好，只是以后内容难以展开。

由于时间较短，演讲者当然应使听众尽早进入主题，对开头的要求便是既要开门见山、一针见血，又要有逻辑上的悬念和起伏。美国演讲专家理查德总结了一个即兴演讲的“四步曲”，其中对于第一步的概括是“喂，喂!”便是呼唤起听众的兴趣。理查德以《保障行人生命安全，减少交通事故》这一主题的即兴演讲的两种构思方式比较为例，认为不要平铺直叙地开始演讲：“今天，我要讲的内容是保障行人生命安全，减少交通事故。”而应该用耸人听闻的悬念做开头，引起听众的注意：“上星期四，特地购买的450具晶莹闪亮的棺材已运到了我们的城市⋯⋯ 。”理查德设计的这一开头，虽然不符合我们中国人的忌讳心理，但它无疑具有一种先声夺人的气势，它能激起听众质疑，使他们很想弄清事情的究竟。他接下去讲到：“不讲交通安全，那订购的450具棺材也许在等待着我，等待着你，等待着我们的亲人。”

例如当题目为：“Carelene and Carefulne(细心与粗心)”时，如果以一件事故的发生谈起，说到“It was a breezy spring night，everything was at rest.Suddenly a terrible noise broke this peace(那是一个微风习习的春天的夜晚，一切都在沉睡之中，突然一个可怕的声音打破了寂静)”，配合以不同的语速和面部表情，无疑先声夺人，能激起听众的兴趣。又如在“My Favorite Hobby (我最大的嗜好)” 中，为了介绍集邮这一嗜好，有位学生这样开头：“Can you imagine that I can have 2000 friends and talk to them at the same time? Maybe you do not believe it， but this is really true, because I consider stamps as my friends and collecting stamps is my

favorite hobby.(你们能想象我拥有两千位朋友并同时与他们进行交流吗?有的人也许不相信，然而这可是事实，因为我的这么多朋友都是邮票，而我最大的嗜好便是集邮。)” 幽默而不乏新意，当然能吸引人们注意。

开头的方式多种多样，主要包含以下几种：

1）To tell a story (about yourself)；讲个（自己的）故事；

2）To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering；对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢；

3）To pay the listeners a compliment；称赞一下听众；

4）To quote；引用名人名言；

5）To use unusual statistics；使用一些不平常的数据；

6）To ask the audience a challenging question；问观众一个挑战性的问题；

2、即兴演讲的结尾

俗话说，“编筐编篓，贵在收口”，一个好的结尾往往会起到加深听众印象、深化主题的作用，同时也能反映演讲者的综合素质，包括对演讲时间的掌握情况，如果以各种生动手段开始演讲，在全场听众的注意力中平铺直叙地结尾，总是给人意犹未尽甚至不知所云的感觉。理查德总结的第四步称为“怎么办”，就是在演讲最后点出应对办法，配以或幽默或激昂的表达方式，与开头相呼应，效果会很好。理查德要求演讲者在这一步一定要告诉听众，你谈了老半天是想让人家做些什么，最好能讲得生动一点、具体一点、实际一点。从根本上说，“怎么办”是演讲者的目的所在。如果演讲者忘记了这一步，或者这一步处理不好，就会给听众留下无的放矢或不知所云的感觉。演讲者应当明确告诉听众：“下面我想告诉大家，当⋯⋯时，应当⋯⋯ ；当⋯⋯时，应当⋯ ⋯ ；当⋯⋯ ，应当⋯⋯。”，如在“Science：A Bleing or a Curse(科学究竟是福还是祸)”中，结尾时可说：“Do you want to go back to the primitive age? Do you like to live in a stone hut and go everywhere on foot? If not，remember that science benefits us all!”“(你想回到原始社会生活吗?你想住在石头小屋里，想去哪里都依靠步行吗?如果你不愿意，那么请记住，科学造福了我们所有人!)”。在题目为“Pollution (污染)” 时，有的学生以Michael Jackson的一首歌曲结尾： “Heal the world，make it a better place for you and for me (拯救这个世界，让它成为一个更好的地方，为你，为我)”亦能达到极富感召力的效果。

演讲的结尾主要有以下几种方式

1）To repeat your opening；重复你的开头；

2）To summarize your presentation；概括你的演讲；

3）To close with an anecdote；以趣事结尾；

4）To end with a call to action；以号召行动结尾； 5）To ask a rhetorical question；以反问结尾； 6）To make a statement；以一个陈述句结尾；

练习题：

根据本节内容，结合命题演讲章节的相关内容，为前两节练习中的演讲稿补充开头和结尾，时间控制在3分钟左右。

四、即兴演讲的典型方略

1、即兴演讲的语言特征

（1）、多用实词，多用短句，少用结构复杂的长句

在英语演讲中，and, but, so, then 等虚词要尽量少用，that, which等词引导的定语从句也只会使句子结构变得复杂，而使听众难以跟上演讲者的思路，从而影响演讲的效果。相反，多使用实词，短句，可使得演讲内容更清晰，气势更磅礴。

（2）、演讲要注意使用各种修辞手法，增加演讲的感染力和气势。

英语演讲中常用的修辞手法有：渐进(climax)、对照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等，例如：

That government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.(排比) 这个民有、民治、民享的国家将不会从地球上消失。

United, there is little we can not do; divided, there is little we can do.(对照) 团结，我们便将无所不能；分裂，我们则会一事无成。

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to aure the survival and the succe of liberty. (对照和渐进) 让世界各国都知道，无论对我们怀有好感与敌意，我们将付出任何代价，肩负任何重任，面对任何艰辛，支持任何朋友，反对任何敌人，以确保自由的生存与成功。

What we should fear most is the fear itself.(警句) 我们最应恐惧的是恐惧本身。

Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.(对照) 不要问你们的国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为你们的国家做些什么。 设想一下，假如在我们的演讲中能融入上述这样运用得当的修辞手段，那我们的演讲将会变得多么有力与动人。

（3）、演讲的总体措词

演讲的总体措词是严肃一些还是活泼一些，是有较明显的说教口气还是用平等的口吻，等等，都要根据听众对象而定。如果场下听众是同龄的学生，那么演讲的内容只要风趣一些往往就能引起共鸣。但另一方面，如果听众大多是上了年纪的教师，太多的笑料反而会被认为“不严肃”，“不尊重”，而引起反感。

用英语演讲，不要用太多I feel, I think，老是用I，显得十分主观，狭隘。如果通篇全是I feel, I think 的内容，会给人觉得缺乏说服力。另外，perhaps, maybe这样的词语，虽然有“客气，谦虚”的成分，但太多会让人觉得你演讲的内容有不可靠之处。还有，在演讲中，要少用you，多用we。用you等于把自己与听众对立起来，而用we则拉近了与听众的距离。比如：You should not smoke.听上去像教训人，而Let\'s not smoke听起来是一个不错的建议。

练习题：

1、将前面完成的演讲稿进行修饰。

2、另选1到2个题目，在十五分钟之内准备三分钟的演讲。

2、“演”的技巧

（1）、How to dre 如何穿着得体

1）Dark colored suits or drees；穿深色西装或

2）Plain white shirt or blouse；朴素的白衬衫或上衣； 3）Red ties or scarves；戴红色的领带或丝巾；

4）Black shoes, freshly polished；穿刚刚擦亮的黑色鞋子；

5）Very little jewelry -worn discreetly；尽量不戴首饰，要戴的话要非常小心；

6）Calm, slow gestures and slow movements；沉稳的举止；

7）Shoulders back, chin up；挺胸抬头。

（2）、How to use gestures 如何使用手势

1）Make sure all your gestures are smooth and natural；所有的动作都应该流畅自然； 2）Don\'t put your hands in your pockets；不要把手插在口袋里；

3）Let your hands and arms drop naturally to your side ,gently fold both index fingers together, without wringing or gripping your hands in any way；将手和手臂自然地在身体两侧下垂，轻微屈起食指，不要扭在一起或紧握拳头； 4）Let your hands do what they want to do as long as they don\'t go back into your pockets or make obscene gestures；手想要怎样就让它怎样，直到它不再回到你的口袋或在听众面前做一些惹人讨厌的手势。

5）Point at imaginary objects and don\'t point at others with your index finger；手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；

6）Size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands；尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示； 7）Gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head；手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字；

8）To emphasize physical size such as length, width, hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down；如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小，将两手伸向前方，尽量分开，并上下移动。

（3）、Eye contact 眼神交流

1）Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener；眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；

2）Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins；眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴

3）Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also；找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；

4）Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous；如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。

练习题：

选择1到2个题目，与同伴一起或面对镜子，练习即兴演讲，注意“演”的技巧。

3、常见问题及对策

成功的将军是由失败和失误的经验造就出来的，同理，成熟的演讲者在被人们肯定之前，也要经历许多失败和失误。已经造成的失败是没有办法挽回的，但是汲取教训之后可以避免 18

下一次再出错，或出错之后知道怎么临时补救。

（1）、演讲过程中忘词、出错

演讲，特别是即兴演讲的过程中，经常会出现这样的情况：第

一、突然忘词或是卡在一句话上，想不起来自己原本想要如何表达了；第

二、讲的内容跟预想的内容不一致，遗漏的某些内容，或内容的顺序安排被打乱了；第

三、原本计划将几个问题，可是当讲完其中一个时，却想不起来下一个应该是什么了，等等。

要避免这些发生，就要注意准备一下两点：

一、准备时切忌逐句写稿，因为这样一旦讲的过程中一环出错，很容易造成不知所措的结果；

二、在准备演讲时还要尽量避免使用自己不熟悉的词汇或句型，以免遗忘。

另外，演讲时一旦出错，掩饰的艺术也很重要。只需要微微一笑，继续下一部分的内容，不要可以企图掩饰，例如重复、吐舌头或者说“sorry”,因为这样有可能正好提醒评委和听众：“我说错了！”或许你会遗漏一部分内容，但是没有人会注意到这一点。听众只会责怪自己没有跟上你的思路。下面是一些常见的应变技巧，可以帮助避免或消除因语言出错而可能造成的消极影响：

1）化错为正， 自圆其说 由于太过紧张，演讲者甚至可能在下午走上讲台，然后说道：“Good morning，ladies and gentlemen(女士们，先生们，上午好)”全场哗然哄笑之中，演讲者立即意识到便可说道：“I mean，I know it is in the afternoon，but I hope everyone of you can have a clear mind to listen to my speech just like in the early morning.(我的意思是，我知道这是下午，但我希望大家像在上午的时候一样、头脑清醒地听我的演讲)。”听众们听了他入情人理的言辞，也不会责怪他语言上的差错了。

2）续错成正。随机应变

有时候演讲者会说出一句错话，随后马上就意识到了，这时采用调整语意或改换语气等续接方式予以补救，只要反应敏捷，应变及时，就可以收到不露痕迹的效果。如在“Is Man C1everer Than Woman? (男人比女人更聪明吗?)”中，学生分析了男、女智力水平相当，只是思维方式有所区别之后得出结论：“Now we come to realize that man is cleverer than woman.Is that really the case? Do you really agree to it? I believe that the answer is definite in your mind：No!(现在我们可以得出结论了：男人比女人更聪明，这是正确的吗?大家真的同意这一观点吗?我想在座各位都会斩钉截铁地说不!)”虽然说出了相反的结论，但补上这样的反问句不仅不露破绽，甚至可增强演讲的启发性和感召力。 3）以正改错。巧作辨析

由于紧张或激动而造成一时的口误，最好的办法是按正确的讲法再讲一遍，也就是把错误改正过来，如能有针对性地对照正误，巧作辨析，给听众的印象可能反而更深刻。许多英语演讲者经常在各种场合下用过去时时态，如“There are only three people in my family.My father was a worker.(我家一共有三口人。我父亲是原来的工人。)”这个句子说出来不免让听众有错误的反应，认为他父亲已经谢世，这种反应可能让演讲者马上发现自己的错误，然后改正到：“No，I should say，my father is a worker.He was the best worker in his factory and he retired last year.But I think he still thinks of himself as a worker.(不，我应该说我父亲原来是工人，他曾是他们工厂最优秀的工人，去年退休了，但我相信他还把自己看成一位工人。)”经过巧妙的辨析之后，语言失误的尴尬也避免了。由于英语是学生的第二语言，在即兴演讲中大学生可能犯一些语法错误。例如漏掉三人称单数动词后该加的“s”或“es”，以及误用人称代词等，如果试图在每次错误后都马上停下来去研究语法问题，势必影响演讲的继续，而由于这些失误都属于形成系统后的语言错误，学生既能解释又能自行改正，因此只需找更多的语境多加练习便可养成正确的语言习惯从而避免这类错误，这一点属于口语范畴，在讨 19

论演讲技巧中就无需太过研究了。

（2）、正确对待紧张情绪

演讲者经常会在演讲，特别是即兴演讲之前感觉到紧张不安，其实这是一个很正常的现象，适度的紧张，可以使你用更加严谨的态度来面对演讲。因此，我们要学会控制自己的紧张感，让紧张感成为我们的动力，而不是障碍。不要一味放任自己刻意去想：“观众会怎样看我？”“他们会不会嘲笑我？”“我的领带打得怎么样？”“我的裙子皱了吗？”等等，这样只会让你愈加的紧张，从而影响你的思维，最终导致演讲的失误。  Typical signals of nervousne；紧张的典型特征

 Hands in pockets；手放在口袋里

 Increased blinking of the eyes；眨眼次数过多；

 Failure to make eye contact；害怕眼神的接触；  Licking and biting of the lips；舔嘴唇和咬嘴唇；  Finger tapping；敲叩手指；

 Fast, jerky gestures；手势又急又快；  Cracking voices；粗哑的声音

 Increased rate of speech；讲话速度加快；  Clearing of the throat；清嗓子；

 Buttocks clamped tightly together；臀部崩得紧紧的；

想要克服演讲过程中的紧张情绪，首先要把自己的精力全部集中在你手头的话题上，其他的一切都暂时地抛在脑后。然后就是要建立自信。你不可能对你手上的话题一无所知，那么你要做的就是，抓紧时间，联系一切可以联系的内容，确定最有利的观点，将其展开。最后，调匀呼吸，深吸气，慢呼出，做几个深呼吸，对自己微笑一下，说一些积极的话，你就可以带着最好的状态上台了。

（3）、没有深度，平淡无奇

有的演讲者在演讲过程中，只讲一些大道理，或是空泛的谈一些概念，再或一味解释题目含义等等，难免给人一种言之无物的感觉。一篇好的演讲，要能够围绕话题，结合实际，层层展开，既要有理论，又要有事例；既要有道理，又要有经验；既要有概念，又要有自己的观点。

另外，即兴演讲和写文章一样，讲究“文似看山不喜平”。一篇没有高潮的演讲，往往缺乏激励和震撼，难以吸引听众的注意力。高潮应在典型、新颖、感人的材料基础上构筑，平淡无奇也学就是因为没有找到高质量的材料；高潮来自有高度、有深度的议论和升华，扬不起波涛，很可能缺乏思想的开掘力；高潮来自强烈而真挚的感情，卷不起风浪，或许是没有足够的情感酝酿；高潮只有在充分的铺垫和蓄势之后，才能真正发挥效果。

（4）、感情把握不当

演讲类型中只有知识性的演讲和辩论性的研究比较注重也应当注重道理的展述，但是即使是这种类型的演讲也要尽量融入打动人的情感内容。可是有些演讲者，登台即讲大道理，理论一套一套的，一句俏皮的话也没有，一个生动的比喻也不运用，通篇也没有经验性的事例。他们板着面孔，不苟言笑，十分严肃正经。这种演讲很难让人接受。没有情感释放的纯理论性阐述，再加上一副冷冰冰的面孔，这样一种拒人千里的态度，怎么能够让听众用心去倾听呢？其实，许多演讲都是要说“理”的，但直接送“理”未必会被听众所接受，因此，演讲者要学会以情送理，以趣运理。

另有一些演讲者的演讲并不缺乏感情，抒情色彩不可谓不浓，也不能说不真，但就是打动不了听众。他们或者通篇抒情，或者抒情不讲究方法，造成抒情不到位或是太过夸张。因此，演讲的过程中要做到适时抒情，另外，与构建高潮一样，情感在表出之前，也需要蓄势，水到渠成，方能打动人心。

（5）、时间把握不当

演讲者对于时间的把握也很重要，太短，不能充分表情达意；太长，又会使人感觉乏味，抓不住重点。特别是有时间限制的演讲，不能够有效的利用时间，经常会直接导致演讲的失败。以“CCTV”杯全国英语演讲大赛复赛为例，即兴演讲的要求是准备15分钟，然后进行3分钟的演讲，演讲的时间误差为正负10秒，超出这个范围将被扣除0.5分，而一般选手正常演讲的得分差异不过零点零几分，0.5分足以将一名优秀的选手拒之门外。

有效的利用时间，关键在于演讲前的准备。仍以“CCTV”杯全国英语演讲大赛复赛为例，15分钟的准备时间，可以这样分配：用1分钟来“破题”，找准题眼； 2分钟做“brainstorming”，收集素材；再用1分钟决定取舍，确定从哪几方面论述；然后用8到10分钟按前几节提供的方法展开段落，准备好开头和结尾，这时应注意内容详略的分配，一般演讲的语速为每分钟100到130个单词，三分钟就是300到400个单词，按每句话10到15个词计算，三分钟一般需要35句话左右，这35句话，应该合理的分配在演讲的各个部分；最后，也是最重要的一步，要在准备时间结束的至少前2分钟停止构思，这时你要做的是整理一下自己的思维，再一次确定已经准备好的内容。演讲的过程中，要注意时间的提示，如果规定的时间快到了还没有讲完，那么马上转到结尾。

（6）、演讲十忌

1）Talking too rapidly；语速太快;

2）Speaking in a monotone；声音单调；

3）Using too high a vocal pitch；声音尖细；

4）Talking down to the audience；对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态; 5）Using too many \"big\" words；夸张的词语使用得太多；

6）Using abstractions without giving concrete examples；使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；

7）Using unfamiliar technical jargon；使用别人不熟悉的技术术语； 8）Using slang or profanity；使用俚语或粗俗语；

9）Disorganized and rambling performance；演讲无组织，散乱无序；

10）Indirect communication i.e.beating around the bush；说话绕弯子，不切中主题；

练习题：

选择1到2个题目，练习即兴演讲，注意演讲过程中出现的问题并妥善加以处理。

4、经典演讲套路

第一标准步骤 Opening Remarks

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning! (女士们，先生们，上午好) Hello everyone and welcome.（各位，你们好，欢迎你们）

21

It’s my great honor to be here.（我来到这里，倍感荣幸）

It’s very happy to see you all.（我很高兴见到大家） Thank you for being here.（感谢大家光临） 【提示】：千万别小看上面的这些句子，就算是美国的专业主持人在演讲开始前，都要到洗手间反复操练。

第二标准步骤 Preparing the Audience What I am going to talking about today is„ （我今天要谈论的是„）

First I’d like to talk about „ (首先，我想谈一谈„)（开门见山，观点明确） My topic today is very interesting.（我今天谈论的话题很有趣）

I hope I can share my experiences with you.（我希望能和大家分享我的经历）

I’ll start with„and then move on to „Finally, I’m going to „/I’ll begin by describing„then go on to „and I’ll end with„.(我将以„„开始，然后转向„„最后，以„„作为结束)（先总后分，条理清晰）

I think, if you don’t mind, we’ll leave questions to the end./If you have any questions I’ll be glad to answer them.(我想如果你们不介意的话，我们将把问题留到最后来解决。/如果你们有问题，我很高兴为大家解答。)（主次分明 以“礼”服人。）

Please hold/save any questions until the end.（请把所有的问题留到最后） Remember this important point.（请记住这个重点）

第三标准步骤 Delivering the Meage Firstly„.Secondly„/First of all„Next„.(首先„„其次„„.) This Brings me to my next point „/Feel free to interrupt if you have any questions.(这正引出了我下面要讲的一个„„./如果你们有问题请尽管打断我。) I must emphasize/stre /make clear/I’d like to turn to/I’d like to stre„.（我必须强调/重点指明/我要转向/强调„„.）

At this point we must consider„/At this point we have to bear in mind„ （在这一点上我们必须考虑„„.）

Now, to digre for a moment„/Now to change the subject for a moment„ （现在，我们暂时撇开这个话题/现在我们临时换一个话题„„.）

To go back to my earlier point„/To return to the point I made earlier„ （还回到我先前的话题„）

Finally„/In conclusion„(最后„) （最后„）

第四标准步骤 Winding-up Before finishing/closing I’d like to summarize the main points again/ Before I finish, I’d like to run through the main points again.(在结束之前我要将我的要点再总结一下) That’s all I’d like to run through the main points again./That’s all I have to say for the moment/now/today./ That brings me to the end of my presentation.（这些就是今天/刚才要讲的一切）

Thank you for listening/coming/being here/Thank you for your attention.（谢谢大家前来听我的演讲）

Now if there are any questions.I’ll be happy to answer them./I’ll be glad to take any questions./If you have any questions, I’d be glad to answer them.（如果有任何问题，我将非常乐意为大家解答/我很高兴为大家解答。）

Finally I’d like to summarize the mail point.（最后我想总结一下要点） I hope you all enjoy yourself today.（我希望大家过得很开心）

22

Thank you for listening.（感谢你们前来听讲） Thank you for your time.（感谢你们的光临） Thank you very much.（非常感谢）

经典演讲示范

American High School Students 1.

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning.It’s my great honor to be here and I am very happy to see you all.Thank you for what I am going to talk about today is American education.2.

Firstly, I’d like to talk about American high school students.My topic today is very interesting because American high school students are very different from Chinese high school students.I was a teacher in an American high school and I hope I can share my experiences with you.3.

Remember this important point, American students care about their social activities and activities outside school more than anything else.Chinese students care about their schoolwork and exams more than anything else.American students are very independent.They drive their own cars, work at part time jobs and often have their own money.American high school students are often involved in relationships with boyfriends or girlfriends.Students in America must learn how to schedule their time among work, school, friends, sports and of course, fun! This type of responsibility is challenging for young people and often their education suffers.This is just a brief introduction to one of the many aspects of American education.Thank you all for listening and I hope you all enjoy yourselves today.

1、女士们，先生们、早上好！我很荣幸来到这里、并且很高兴见到大家。谢谢你们的光临。我今天要谈论的话题是美国教育。

2、首先，我想谈谈美国的高中生。我今天的话题很有趣，因为美国的高中生与中国的高中生有很大的不同。我是一位来自美国的中学教师，我希望我能和你们一起分享我的经历。

3、请记住一点，美国的高中生把学校之外的社会实践活动看得比任何东西都重要。而中国的学生却把学校表现和考试成绩看得比什么都重要。美国学生很独立。他们拥有自己的车，他们能兼职工作，他们用自己赚的钱去购买电话、电视机、音响和游戏机等。美国的高中生通常还有女朋友或男朋友。美国学生必须学会规划好自己的时间，去应付工作、学习、交友、运动，当然还有娱乐等。这种情况对年轻人来说是一种挑战，通常他们的教育都会受到影响。这只是美国教育这面多棱镜的一角。

练习题：

选择1到2个题目，试着按照上述套路练习即兴演讲。

附：

1、2006年河北省世纪之星演讲大赛即兴演讲题目

1.2.3.4.

Happine My favorite color Practice makes perfect.On the use of humor

23

5.The negative effect on keeping pets.6.I am proud of being Chinese 7.My view on e-marriage 8.Noise pollution in big cities 9.Failure is the mother of succe.10.How to solve housing problems? 11.Showing respect to elders 12.On the Chinese marriage ritual 13.A good medicine tastes bitter.14.Don\'t hesitate to say “No”.15.How to make our college life meaningful? 16.How to fight against disasters/ 17.A friend is easier lost than found.18.How to behave in applying for a job? 19.Money can’t buy everything.20.On animal rights 21.On spitting in public 22.To be punctual

24

第19篇：英语

爱得起 - 郑融+钟嘉欣

唯一的你（超好听） -- hotcha

男人信什么（超好听）--卫兰vs J .W

眼红馆（超好听） -- BOY~Z

再见不是朋友 -- 邓丽欣

恋爱令人心痛（超好听）--钟嘉欣vs韦雄

没有童话（超好听）--叶文辉

花吃了这女孩 -- 傅颖

吸血新世纪--羽翘

如果可以待你好 -- 麦浚龙

接吻鱼的伤悲-- 林颐

感激遇到你 （超好听）-- 胡杏儿+黄宗泽

你瞒我瞒 （超好听）--陈柏宇

I Will Be Loving You （超好听）-- 陈柏宇

三位一体--方力申+吴雨霏+廖梦乐

钟无艳 （超好听）-- *

陈某 -- 周柏豪

get out -- 卫诗

Where Did You Go（超好听） -- 邓紫棋gem

玩玩具-（超好听） -- e-kids

恋爱自由式--陈文媛+萧正楠

浮夸 -- 陈奕迅

眼睛不能没眼泪（超好听）-- 古巨基

今天终于知道错 -- 陈伟霆

我不要被你记住（超好听）--周柏豪

All About U -- 邓紫棋

kong--侧田

幸运水晶 -- 陈苑淇

爱不疚 -- 林峰

内疚 （超好听）-- EO2

等 -- 卫兰

红绿灯 -- 郑融

苦情人 （超好听）-- 邓颖芝

永久保存（超好听）-- 陈柏宇

谁明浪子心 -- 王杰+赵学而

喜帖街 （超好听）--*

耿耿于怀 （超好听）-- 麦浚龙

别怪他 -- 吴卓羲

一事无成 （超好听）-- 郑融vs周柏豪

直觉（超好听） -- 郑欣宜

七夕 -- 邓丽欣

被遗弃的公主 （超好听）-- 邓丽欣

两生关 --*

无心恋唱 -- 泳儿

少女的祈祷 （超好听）-- 杨千嬅

必杀技 -- 古巨基

今季拍拍拖 -- Square

Today -- 梁咏琪

嫌弃 -- 梁咏琪

分手要狠 -- 吴雨霏

萨拉热窝的罗密欧与茱丽叶 -- 蒋雅文+李逸朗

发誓 -- 钟嘉欣

直觉 （超好听）-- 郑欣宜

凶手（超好听） -- 戴辛尉

一疋布 -- 陈奕迅/小苦妹

阿四 -- 邓健泓

时光机 -- 徐智勇

下学期 -- e-kids

奇洛李维斯回信 -- 薛凯琪

开始恋爱 -- E-kids

南瓜车 -- 薛凯琪

绝 -- 傅佩嘉

逸后 -- 陈柏宇

I Mi You -- 陈柏宇

年度之歌 -- *

十分爱 -- 方力申+邓丽欣

single （超好听）-- 杨千嬅

我的天 -- 张敬轩

单恋高校 -- 陈冠希

手掌印 （超好听）-- 江若琳

旁观者伤 -- 江若琳

情永落 （超好听）-- justin

敏感 -- 邓颖芝

我们的纪念册 -- Twins

初哥--E-kids

天梯 粤语女声 -- 周丽淇

残忍 -- 黄伊汶

以你为荣 -- 古巨基

第二次初恋 -- 周吉佩

视而不见（超好听）--林嘉欣

第几天 -- 黄宗泽

苦口良药 （超好听）--许志安+陈慧珊

单车 -- 陈奕迅

有时寂寞 -- 陈慧琳

等半天--（超好听）

差一分钟 -- 关心妍

话别(piano'05) -- 邓丽欣

临走前吻我 -- 陈慧琳

戏中有气 -- 官恩娜

Table For Two -- 方皓玟

街角祝福2 -- 奔奔

灰 -- 吴日言

问号先生--周丽淇

锡自己 （超好听）-- 梁洛施

眼泪的好戏（超好听）-- 梁洛施

再生花 -- 陈慧琳

如果想我哭 -- 方皓玟

你知道我在等你们分手吗 （超好听）-- 卫兰

落地开花 -- 卢巧音

超合金曲 （超好听）--蒋雅文+李逸朗

墨尔本的翡翠 -- 林颐

眼泪无用 （超好听）--江若琳

爱是不保留 -- 关心研

分手勿语--李彩桦

透明人间 -- 麦家瑜

听到的神话 -- 麦家瑜

花奴-- 卢巧音

可惜我是水瓶座 -- 杨千桦

明知你的他没有 -- 蔡卓妍

杀死我的温柔（超好听） -- 麦家瑜

有过去的女人 -- 杨千桦

失常 （超好听）-- 官恩娜

新人 （超好听）--My Girls

他约我去迪斯尼（合唱版） -- 陈晓琪+陈慧琳

自欺欺人-- 方力申 傅颖

亲朋勿友 -- Cookies

千帆 -- 官恩娜

距离 （超好听）-- 吴雨霏

时候尚早 -- 蓝奕邦

发誓 -- 钟嘉欣

处处吻 -- 杨千嬅

两生关-- *

酷爱 （超好听）-- 张敬轩

真命天子 -- 杨千嬅

你的眼神 -- 卫兰

原来过得很快乐 -- 杨千嬅

男左女右(超好听) --关淑怡

樱花树下（超好听）-- 张敬轩

目前 -- 洪卓立

浪漫世纪-- 胡杏儿

幸而 -- 胡杏儿

心淡 -- 容祖儿

十个分手的理由（超好听）

玩得 -- 麦浚龙

六月 -- 蓝奕邦

all about love -- 杨千嬅

友共情 -- 古巨基

恍如隔世 -- 邓健泓

安分守己--陈慧琳

如果…阳光--冯曦妤

座右铭.-- 吴雨霏

爱得太迟 -- 古巨基

爱与诚 -- 古巨基

朋友的爱--twins

下次下次--薛凯琪

心有不甘 -- 卫兰

孖公仔 -- 杨千嬅

-- 萧正楠

你幸福吗 -- 杨千嬅

只眼闭-- 冯曦妤

我在桥上看风景 -- 李彩桦

待你差只想你怕 -- 羽翘

两汤一面 （超好听）-- 余文乐

还你门匙（超好听） -- 余文乐

分手不要太悲哀--关智斌

放得低 -- 蔡卓妍

生还者 -- 蔡卓妍

赶 -- 薛凯琪

于心有愧 -- 陈奕迅

会过去的 -- 许志安+车婉婉

借 -- 郑融

玩泥沙--关智斌

宁愿你永不知道 -- 卫诗

记得忘记 -- 林峰

明天以后(粤语) -- 林峰 泳儿

傻女 -- 卫诗

话太普通 -- 季欣霈+农夫

阴天假期 -- 卫兰

方寸大乱-- 小雪+叶文辉

不要离我太远 -- 邓丽欣

够钟 -- 周柏豪

MORNING -- 卫兰

永和号 -- 张继聪

其实我介意-- 小雪+汉洋

匆匆 -- 方力申

无顾虑的亲密 -- 周国贤

赤城千叶 -- 周国贤

无罪释放 -- 关心妍

乜野系恋爱 -- 张茵

无人完美-- 郑欣宜

红茶易冷 -- 钟舒漫

My Cookie Can （超好听） -- 卫兰

K歌之王 -- 陈奕迅

两男一女-- 方力申+陈晓东+李彩桦

分手的礼貌 -- 邓丽欣

可爱不可爱 -- 方力申

无赖 -- 郑中基

16号爱人--容祖儿

Shall we talk -- 陈奕迅

临别拥抱（超好听）-- Timmy

明年今日--陈奕迅

Mad U So -- 张继聪

受够 -- 郑融

赐我一死 -- 陈诗慧

咖啡走糖 -- Virgo

画纸上的戒指（超好听）--傅颖vs小肥

在你遥远的附近-- 方力申

黑白照 -- 邓丽欣

他不准我哭 -- 邓丽欣

失重 (粤语) -- 贾立怡

我歌…故我在 -- *

眼红红 -- Twins

无双谱 -- 方力申

习惯失恋 -- 容祖儿

木纹(粤语) -- 何韵诗

当玫瑰遇上真爱 -- 郑希怡

罪与罚 -- 郑秀文

假天真 -- 陈慧琳

怎会如此 -- 张智霖

痛由自取-- 郑希怡

心碎 -- 易欣

亲密关系 -- 郑秀文

我有今日 -- justin

默契 -- 郑秀文

末世纪的呼声 -- 谢霆锋

七友 -- 梁汉文

对不起不是你 -- 陈慧琳

爱情万岁 -- 郑秀文

你未讲过 -- 彭羚

十指紧扣.-- 张智霖

别来无恙--陈慧琳

替身 -- 柯有伦

固执 -- 陈柏宇

多得他(feat.方大同) -- 郑秀文

接受现实--关心妍

缠绵游戏-- 彭羚

不能爱恋只能暗恋 -- 应昌佑

有鬼--梁洛施

红眼睛--陈慧琳

爱一个人 -- 李克勤&陈慧琳

二十世纪少年 -- ping pung

花火 -- 粱咏琪

相爱无梦

-- 张智霖

十分爱 -- 方力申+邓丽欣

野种子（一个人生活 粤语版） -- 陈文媛

断绝来往 -- 陈柏宇

坏孩子的天空 -- 陈冠希

不爱也是一种爱（超好听）-hotcha

好心好报 -- 方力申+邓丽欣

真心真意--许志安

寻开心 -- 赵学而

座右铭.-- 吴雨霏

问题少女 -- 郑融

怎么会爱上这么一个人 -- 关心妍

其实我不快乐 -- 钟嘉欣

我不懂你 -- 钟嘉欣

自欺欺人 -- 傅颖+方力申

伤逝 -- 叶倩文

好好恋爱 -- 方力申+邓丽欣

有人--麦浚龙

月半小夜曲 -- 李克勤

当爱变成习惯 -- 张学友

好朋友 -- 梁汉文

私事公办--羽翘

听说你爱我 -- 钟嘉欣

义不容情-- 孙耀威+张敬轩

一拍两散--容祖儿

My Love My Fate--卫兰

宏愿（超好听）--周柏豪

献世 -- 陈小春

拍错拖 -- 卫兰

记得忘记 -- 林峰

两败俱伤（超好听）--2.R

我还在等什麼(CD Version) -- 陈豪

我们的合唱歌 -- 2.R

眼睛不说谎 -- 钟舒漫

ABC君 --方力申

思前恋后 -- 孙耀威 eric

口不对心-- 叶文辉

谁羡慕像我这样强的人 -- 傅颖

留给最爱的说话--张柏芝

触摸心跳 -- 张敬轩

心多 --欧阳靖+钟欣桐

日夜想你 -- 钟嘉欣

戏中有气 -- 官恩娜

感动 -- 侧田

玻璃鞋 -- 郑秀文

命硬 -- 侧田

只想一生跟你走 -- 泳儿

爱不起 -- 王杰

明争暗斗--钟嘉欣

不一样的我 -- 张柏芝

任何天气--张柏芝

私家歌（超好听）--叶文辉

3+1=1 -- Sun Boy's

换个方式爱你 -- 林峰

如果时间来到（超好听）--林峰

无情有爱

-- 钟嘉欣

我的最爱 -- 邓丽欣+方力申

感应 -- 泳儿

幸运儿 -- 冯曦妤

所谓理想（超好听）--林峰

好人--侧田

第20篇：英语

Although the terms merger and acquisition are often used interchangeably, as though they were synonymous, they mean slightly different things.When one company takes over another and clearly establishes itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition.From a legal point of view, the target company ceases to exist, the buyer \"swallows\" the busine, and the buyer\'s stock continues to be traded.In the pure sense of the term, a merger happens when two firms agree to go forward as a single new company rather than remain separately owned and operated.This kind of action is more precisely referred to as a \"merger of equals\".The firms are often about the same size.Both companies\' stocks are surrendered, and the new company\'s stock is iued in its place.In practice, however, actual mergers of equals don\'t happen very often.Usually, one company will buy another and, as part of the deal\'s terms, simply allow the acquired firm to proclaim that the action is a merger of equals, even if it is technically an acquisition.Being bought out often carries negative implications; by describing the deal euphemistically as a merger, top managers try to make the takeover more palatable.

A purchase deal will also be called a merger when both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies.But when the deal is unfriendly—that is, when the target company does not want to be purchased—it is always regarded as an acquisition.Whether a purchase is considered a merger or an acquisition really depends on whether the purchase is friendly or hostile and how it is announced.In other words, the real difference lies in how the purchase is communicated to and received by the target company\'s board of directors, employees, and shareholders.The increasing popularity of social networking sites and mobile phone texting has presented society with problems in how to protect children online.More and more youngsters are becoming victims of Internet bullies.Parents are finding it more difficult to ensure their kids are safe online.Gone are the days when mom and dad could keep an eye on their children\'s surfing on the Internet.Today\'s new mobile and networked world poses new and dangerous threats to online kids.About one-third of all teenagers who use the Internet say they have been targets of a range of annoying and potentially menacing online activities—such as receiving threatening meages; having their private e-mails or text meages forwarded without consent; having an embarraing picture posted without permiion; or having rumors about them spread online.However, the most common complaint from online teens is not direct threats or physical violence, but rather it is about private information being shared.Two recent initiatives aim to teach children about cyber-safety.Internet safety will soon be taught in high schools.In Indiana, parents will attend an Internet Social Networking conference.The school authorities are launching a program aimed at educating students on how to use the Internet safely and avoid suspicious websites.A government official said: \"Advances in instant communication media, including Twitter, Facebook,

and other instant meaging services, are affecting our modern society.Parents, brothers, sisters, teachers, and children alike will need to understand the dangers the connected world presents.\" The Indiana conference will explore topics like cyber-bullying, sexting, and online child exploitation.A local lawyer said: \"The No.1 way to keep children safe is for them to be skeptical.If they do not believe automatically what people tell them, they will be safer.\" In the United States, families turn to nursing homes to give the elderly care and attention, but many nursing homes have been cited for abuse.According to a review of state inspection records requested by Republican Henry Waxman, some 5,283 nursing homes were cited for abuse violations.These homes were cited for nearly 9,000 abuse violations in the past two years.\"We found examples of residents being punched, choked, or kicked by staff members or other residents,\" Waxman said.The story of Helen Smith reported by CBS News last year is a shocking reality for thousands of old Americans.She was attacked by a certified nursing aistant at a nursing home, who was angered because she\'d soiled herself.\"He choked me and broke my wrist,\" said Smith.Helen Smith died two days after her interview.That nurse aistant got a year in the county jail and a CBS News investigation found that three other employees at the same nursing home had been fined for abuse, which should have barred them from nursing home work.The nursing home industry agrees on the need for stiffer background checks, but disagrees abuse is widespread.\"Abuse is not the norm in nursing homes, and many staff members deserve praise,\" said Carol Sellers, vice president of Washington Home, a nearly 200-bed center in the District of Columbia.\"The great majority of long-term care in our nation is excellent.There\'re people every day that are working very hard to provide that care,\" said Charles Roadman, president of the American Health Care Aociation.To deal with nursing home abuse, Bruce Brown, spokesman for the American Aociation of Homes and Services for the Aging said, \"We strongly believe nursing homes that exhibit consistently poor performance should either clean up their act or be put out of busine.\"

I have a meeting with my accountant tomorrow morning.She\'s preparing my income tax return, and I need to go over some of the receipts with her.

Income tax return! Don\'t you think the government just squanders our hard-earned tax money on some unneceary projects?

Sure.Sometimes they do, but we are living pretty well and, to be honest, I don\'t mind paying taxes.If I\'m paying income tax, it means I\'m earning money.I\'d rather be earning money than living on charity.

If the poor would just get jobs, our taxes would be much lower.

Most people would rather work than receive charity, but the situation is complex: Sometimes there are no jobs that they are trained for.

Then they should take the needed training—upgrade their skills and knowledge to become more employable.

Training costs money.Some government tax dollars are directed to programs that help the poor get jobs.

But even when jobs are available, some of the unemployed don\'t want to work.They would rather have a handout.

These people have to be educated to realize how much fuller their life would be if they were not dependent on charity.

I think the government should attack unemployment by reducing the tax rate.That would put more money into people\'s pockets, then they would spend more, and the spending would create more jobs for the poor.

Many people would agree with you.

Did you hear? Next week\'s lottery will be 28 million dollars! You got your ticket yet? I don\'t buy lottery tickets, and I don\'t gamble in other ways, either.Lottery tickets are just another way of taxing the poor.What do you mean by that? Many of the big spenders on lottery tickets are poor.They are spending money they can\'t afford to spend.I just buy lottery tickets for fun.You know...the first prize is a huge amount, and if I won, it would be exciting.

You don\'t need the money to enjoy life, so for you it\'s a game.But when the poor buy lottery tickets, it is often out of desperation.If they can\'t afford it, they shouldn\'t buy the tickets.But the thrill of a win, of something for nothing, is also addictive, and many people are addicted to gambling.You must be right.Casinos are opening everywhere, and many people go on gambling on holidays—you can even take a gambling cruise.Imagine being on an ocean cruise and spending all your time indoors bent over a card table or a roulette wheel.

Maybe there should be some programs to help people overcome their gambling addictions, something similar to Alcoholics Anonymous.

There\'s indeed an online program that can help.But nobody can force gamblers to join it.They must first want to be cured themselves.

I was raised speaking English, but I also spoke Spanish at home.When I went to school for the first time, I was enrolled in ESL claes—claes of English as a second language.I was also put in the Limited English Proficiency Program.In all those claes, I always got the highest grades.I was the best reader and speaker.There was no reason for me to be in any of those claes.When my parents discovered that I was in those claes instead of regular claes with other Englishspeaking students, they went to the school administration to complain about the discrimination.The school had nothing to say.My parents tried to get me out of the ESL claes, but the school fought very hard to keep me there.And then we found out why—for every student the school had in the ESL and Limited English Proficiency Program, they would receive $400.This was pretty devastating.The school\'s only excuse for keeping me there was because I lived in a Spanish-speaking household, and that I was influenced by the way my parents spoke.My parents were outraged, but I remained in the ESL and Limited English Proficiency Program until I was in the fifth grade.Then my parents transferred me to another school where they had friends.The new school gave me an English proficiency test.I aced it.So I didn\'t have to attend those programs for non-native English speakers.I was

finally on the right track and back at the head of the cla.The first school I had attended would have never let me out of those programs or even let me take the test.I was too \"Spanish\" for them.

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