推荐第1篇：英语summary
Fate is sometimes not very kind to policemen like myself.Take as an example the recent trial in which I was involved.When I arrested the young lad I had felt sure he was guilty I had been following him around for a couple of hours and he conduct himself suspiciously.He had been wandering about and it seemed to me that he was looking for an opportunity to steal.When I arrested him, his casual manner only served to confirm my suspicions.I thought I had at last caught the thief who had been troubling the area for so long.
However, my joy was only temporary.When I saw the brilliant solicitor the boy\'s father had hired to defend him, I knew we didn\'t stand a chance.It turned out that the boy was simply a student who was looking for temporary employment before going to university.If only he had been a bit more helpful when we arrested him, he could have saved us all a lot of time and trouble.It\'s enough to make one turn against students!
Despite the vast amount of data available for us to download from the worldwide web, we still face a problem in how to make the best use of it.Data on its own has its limitations.It is only when nature is exposed to fruitful questions that we can hope to uncover her secrets.The evolution of science shows this clearly, with many of the most notable discoveries relying on the ability to view matters rather than simply gathering more facts.In short, half the answer lies in thinking up the right question.
To my mind, in any analysis of the profeions, few can match teaching.One needs to be energetic, certainly, for occasionally it seems one hardly has time to catch his breath.It can mean staying up late in order to get leons prepared on time.Nonethele, I am convinced that the work is more stimulating than that of my administrative colleagues.I certainly would not wish to switch, even though the pay is higher.With teaching, the pace of life is more varied, allowing greater time for reflection and research.Yet most of all it is the chance to see the spark of a fresh idea taking hold in a student\'s mind that is the most rewarding aspect of the job, repaying all one\'s efforts
It is difficult not to be affected by the tale of Sarah Morris.While her physical conditions made it difficult to interpret her speech, from her writing it would be impoible to spot that she suffers from such a severe handicap.Writing slowly with the help of a pointer fastened to her head, her maximum writing speed is no more than eight words per minute.Yet she still manages to write extensively on the team she grew up following.Straining her neck in the gloom of her room, surrounded by her computer equipment and a TV set, she has managed to rise above her situation against all the odds.
I recall that it was something of an embarrament to have my son find me so upset on that Wednesday long ago.He had come home expecting to have the place all to himself, only to find me there, frantic with worry about losing my job.I had aumed that I could master typing in just a few seions, but it took much longer than I had expected.Try as I might, it seemed I just could not catch on to it in time.I suppose I should have enrolled on a correspondence course, as I did when learning to run the nursery, but by then it was too late.I felt helple and the tension at work was becoming too much to bear, so in the end I just had to accept defeat and change jobs.Not that I gave up wanting to type.I went on practicing and eventually mastered it.
The medicines the doctor prescribed for me tasted horrible.They were supposed to bring down my temperature, but when I heard how high it was I was terrified.I thought I was certain to die.I just didn\'t see how I could poibly overcome the illne.I couldn\'t stop worrying about it.All day I just gazed into space, feeling miserable.The fever made me shiver and gave my face a flush I couldn\'t take an interest in anything and felt very detached from everything around me.I thought my father must know I was going to die, but had said nothing, wanting me to keep from thinking about it.Finally I could bear it no longer and asked him how much longer I could live.When he explained my mistake, all my worries slid away.Only then was I really able to take it easy.
I am still trying to figure out why we all behaved so badly on the night my neighbours tried to break into our family bomb shelter.It was frightening for us down there, hearing those we thought of as our friends heading for something to break down the shelter door.Even though we piled up all we could find against the door, I knew it would eventually give way.And it did.
Should I hold it against them? After all, their reactions were born of fear and I would probably have behaved the same way in their shoes.Perhaps it would have been fairer to have drawn lots for who got to use the only shelter in the street, but I was never going to let that happen.I was as scared and selfish as the rest.It seems that underneath we are all more aggreive and greedy than we like to think.
Many people are hostile to daydreaming, believing that it can interfere with the pursuit of succe.They consider that daydreamers will never amount to much in their chosen careers.Recently, however, some experts have begun to argue that indulging in fantasy can have positive benefits.Daydreaming of succe, they claim, can contribute to succe.One technique they recommend is to picture yourself as you wish to be.Holding this vision clearly in your mind supposedly helps you make it come true.Of course, you should not neglect neceary study or work because daydreaming cannot substitute for hard work.Merely relying on daydreaming will not help you attain your goal.
The beauty of the music was in sharp contrast with the reality of the lives led by the singers.Amid all their suffering, a group of Jewish prisoners had found the courage to stage performances of Verdi\'s Requiem.Despite the difficulties and dangers, they threw themselves enthusiastically into rehearsals, which had to be kept a secret.An additional difficulty was that they had only one instrument, an old harmonium.
Their greatest triumph came when they performed before an audience containing the infamous Nazi official, Adolf Eichmann.Their voices swelled with paion as they threw in the faces of the Nazis words which sang of how they would have to pay for their crimes.
If we look at the proce of innovation, we will see how technology feeds on itself, accelerating the pace of technological advance in our own times.Technological innovation is comprised of three stages: invention, application and diffusion.One of the most important characteristics of advanced technology today is the fantastic speed that occurs between each of these stages.For example, nowadays the time it takes to put ideas to work has been greatly reduced.The progre in transportation is a case in point.Likewise, the time between the application and diffusion stages has been radically shorted.This accounts for the acceleration of present-day technology.And this, in turn, generates more feasible ideas.What sort of future will this proce conjure up for us? Will the pace of change exceed our ability to cope with it? Or is it one of our characteristics that we have an impreive ability to adapt to change, no matter how frequent?
Dictation
One of the ways you can encourage children to be creative is to talk things over rather than to give instructions or make a model when they ask for help.If you show a child how to draw a flower or a person, they will try to draw one just like yours.This can be frustrating because no matter how hard children try, their pictures will not be as \"good\" as yours because they do not have the skill that you have.Chances are that children will compare the two pictures and not be happy with their own.They may even decide not to try.Be creative yourself and think of ways to encourage children\'s creativity.
Baseball is America\'s national sport, played mainly by men.It developed in the mid 19th century from the British games of rounders and cricket.Baseball is also popular in Japan and several Latin American countries, and has been an Olympic sport since in 1972.Softball is similar but uses a large, softer ball and is popular with women.Many Americans play baseball for fun because players do not have to be strong like football players or tall like basketball players.Some people think baseball is too slow, but the team managers often change their players and plans during the game, and there are many exciting plays.Many American families enjoy going to a Sunday afternoon double-header, that is, two games between the same two teams in one day.
The Terezin concentration camp was established by the Nazis in an 18th century fortre in Czechoslovakia on November 24, 1941.More than 150,000 Jews paed through the camp during its four-year existence, which was used as a holding area for eventual murder in Auschwitz.By 1943, rumors began circulating in the international community that the Nazis were exterminating Jews in gas chambers, and that the conditions of the concentration camps did not permit survival.The Nazis rebuilt parts of this camp to serve as a \"showpiece\" for propaganda purposes.Flowers were planted there.Shops, schools, and a cafe were built.When an investigating commiion of the International Red Cro came to visit, they did not see a typical concentration camp.In July 1944 the Nazis made a documentary propaganda film about life in this camp.After the movie was completed, most of the Jewish \"actors\" were shipped to their death at Auschwitz.
推荐第2篇：summary学术英语
A summary of Text 12
Title:How Radiation Threatens Health
Author:Nina Bai
Source:Scientific American, 15 March, 2010
Summary:
The radiation leaks at Fukushima makes people feel worried, and it’s neceary to know that the health effects caused by radiation exposure depend on its level, type and duration.Every person is exposed some background radiation from natural but only beyond this level people can get radiation sickne.At the same time, the radiation which takes different forms is produced by different heavy isotopes.On the other hand, the exposure time is so important that high single dose of radiation can do much more harm to human than the same dosage accumulate overtime.Last but not least, the government should remember the Chernobyl’s leons but we’d better not do too many extra measures to make people feel scared.(124 words)
推荐第3篇：国际贸易英语 沃尔玛summary
Wal-Mart : The high cost of low price
The video has exposed the truth behind Wal-Mart’s low price,
which global consumers must know .Low price is the key advantage for Wal-Mart to attract consumers to go shopping there.Now it has become one of the biggest retail chains in the world, making great fortune, creating countle jobs , promoting the global economy and so on .it is an amazing and succeful company.However，it has led to negativeconsequences.
The Wal-Mart has already 5000 chains in the whole world, and the quantity is still growing .once there is a new chain to be opened, several stores in the streets which is near it will close .most of these stores is managed by family, which is common phenomenon lasting for a long time in towns of America.When their family estates which was poured into painstaking effort by them disappearing , they are sad .Meanwhile they have to choose a new way to support the family .It is the reason that so many citizens working together to fight against Wal-Mart stores’ settling down in the town.We are happy to see that the video ends with views of community leaders who have prevented Wal-Mart stores from being built in their communities.They have gotten the victory!
To support the low cost, all the manufacturing industries are outsourced to the developing countries.A lot of local workers are working for long hours with low salary and the extra working hours will
not be paid often.Their dormitories are crowed and without air-conditioner.This also happens to staff in America.According to related data, the wage rate of the workers in America is lower than the lowest living level .The manufacturing industries’ outsourcing has bad impact on the local environment.
Low prices at the first sight, but when you look into, you can have a different view.Do you still choose Wal-Mart for its low price when you go shopping?
推荐第4篇：summary学术英语lecture1213summary
Lecture 12
This paper is going to discu sea level rise, ocean warming and ocean acidification.People made a 10-year project, then they find that sediments carried out by ice have an ice shelf overhead while those do not need sunlight and the ice in the Ro Sea region is dynamic, which leads to the rise and fall of sea level.Climate change is caused by both natural and human-induced causes, so it is complicated to addre the problem of climate crisis.It also tells us that the diolution of carbon dioxide into the sea leads to Ocean acidification and the Ocean acidification leads to a major lo of marine biodiversity especially carbonates organisms and the stre on some physiological procees.In addition, we should cap or limit CO2 emiions as soon as poible to protect oceans.
Lecture 13
This paper tells us energy and climate are extremely important to the poorest people.It also explains four letters stand for in the equation on CO2.They are P: populationS: services/ personE: energy/ serviceC: CO2/unite.We should lower world population, evenly distribute services, improve efficiency and develop a new energy system in order to bring down CO2 to zero.Such as the foil fuel, the nuclear, the renewable sources.The lecturer appeals the audience to do more research funding, team up to work on innovative ways and do some market incentives.
推荐第5篇：summary学术英语6
SUMMARY
Nanotechnology is a new world which may have the ability to reproduce many things.And nanotechnology is more interesting than the atomic scale, because on the nanoscale we can put the atoms
together to make anything.Scientists can develop nanoscopic machines which can replicate themselves enough to produce objects.At the same time, nanotechnology which is rapidly becoming an interdisciplinary field may not only have its biggest impact on the medical industry delicate surgeries and cosmetic surgery, but also have the potential to have a positive effect on the environment.But some people worry that nanotechnology will end up like the virtual reality.So the most
immediate challenge in nanotechnology is that we need to learn more about materials and their properties at the nanoscale so that nanotechnology will definitely continue to impact us.
推荐第6篇：研究生英语上Summary
Unit1 How to read a book
“Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.” Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago.However, what are the criteria for those books to be “chewed and digested?” How to tell good literature form bad literature? On these iues, people don’t seem to have reached an agreement.
In the article, Joseph Brodsky first states that people’s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read.Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job; even book reviewers can’t help much.In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the moist concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest poible standards for any linguistic operation.
Unit2 Receion-proofing Your Career
In the text, Dr.Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored proce which can help to promote and prepare oneself fro a change, esp.during periods of receion.She then suggests some skills which are
indispensable when responding to new work trends.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure a wide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job” which exceeds either your interest or talent.Moreover, being skilled or qualified is not the only criteria.You must be able to “market “yourself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job, for which purpose you have to establish a social network that can help you make your career decisions “both inside and outside of your profeions.” Always follow work trends.Finally, psychological elements are also important, so never let yourself down and find a balance between the ambitious Type A and more relaxed Type B.In a word, don’t be under the misconception that your job is always secure and if you work hard you’ll surely get a good job.You must be fully responsible for the future prospects of your chosen career.
Unit3 Lies
People usually have very negative views regarding lies.Liars are frequently criticized, even cursed.Yet this paage exemplifies a different perspective, one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies and that lies are indispensable for happine, perhaps even our very survival.According to the author, lies are consoling elements that can soothe dying patients and help consolidate the requirements of a society.Lies make us
feel superior to other species and disguise our mortal doom.Religions abound with myths and tales, which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety.People need big lies, though they are occasionally taken advantage of, because lying disguises our mortality, our inadequacies, our fears and anxieties, our loneline in the midst of the crowd.
Unit5 Don’t let complexity stop you
UN reports say global inequity is still widening over past decades, which poses a serious threat to the prosperity and stability of the world.Whatever disagreements there are, people all over the world seem to agree that, with globalization, it is high time that such a fundamental problem be solved in a sustainable way, and international cooperation can help in this regard.
In this inspiring speech, Bill Gates is calling for a fairer world, one in which people use and apply discoveries for good.“Humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.” He believes, for higher education, a top miion of policy innovations is to provide students with a more global perspective.
Unit6 The riddle of time
Sometimes it flies, sometimes it crawls, but it always paes inexorably.We mark it, save it, waste it, bide it, race against it.We measure it inceantly, with a paion for precision.Time is so vitally enmeshed with the fabric of our existence, in fact, that it\'s hard even to conceive of it as an independent entity, and when we try, the result is le than enlightening.
For many people, time is looked upon as a flow like a river, but for theoretical physicists, like Albert Einstein, it is seen as a dimension, like height and width.Throughout history, endle efforts have been put into accurately measuring it, and, consequently, various devices such as calendars and clocks have been devised
Nature provides a very accurate timekeeper: the carbon-14 atom, which decays at a known rate during the past 50,000 years.Interesting enough, we human beings also have a body-clock, which is thought to regulate changes in body chemicals, the response of the immune system, and a cyclic rise and fall of heartbeat and blood circulation.
推荐第7篇：Summary
研修总结
历时两个月的英语远程研修即将结束了。在培训中，本人通过观看视频，听专家讲评, 完成作业，点评文章、在线提问和参加研讨等，丰富了自己的教学理论；提高了自己的教学实际经验；对教育教学工作，尤其是高三英语复习备考有了一种新的理解和认识，现将学习心得总结如下：
首先，在理论上，培训让我进一步加深了对高中英语新课程理念下的复习教学的认识深读和广度。《高中英语新课程标准》指出：“高中阶段的英语教学应该特别强调培养学生运用语言进行交流的能力。注重培养学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题、解决问题和用英语进行思维的能力”。同时，关于教学评价，要“ 促进学生综合语言能力的全面发展”。据此，鲁教授及其他专家提出了基于学生优势备考和基于教材的复习，深读备考，并就新课程理念下高考的各个题型的备考做出了深入浅出的分析与解说，使我们对新课程理念下的高三复习教学有了超越传统的，全新的理解。
其次，在教学实践上，培训使我的教学策略和技能得以提高。通过操作性很强的十个作业，专家的课例示范和主题研讨活动等，我在理论认知的基础上，提高了实际教学的水平，尤其是图式理论基础上，对高三复习备考中题型的设计与讲解的能力，有了全面的发展。
总之,参加了这次培训，意味着我将带着新课程理念、新课程方法率先走进高三英语复习课堂。我要把所学到的知识运用到自己的工作中，在今后的教学中不断进步，最大的促进教育和教学工作。
推荐第8篇：summary学术英语literature review
Content-based the risk of nuclear power and the
damage of its radioactivity
An earthquake struck Japan in 2011 which severely damaged nuclear reactor at the Fukushima plant, sparking the release of radioactive materials.People are worried about its awful effects to us.So we should learn more about the nuclear power and the damage of its radioactivity.The risk of nuclear power is main from its radiation, reactor accidents, radioactive waste and other radiation problems.At the same time, the risk that estimated by PRA from reactor accidents is very low (Bernard L.Cohen).Next, it is neceary to know that radiation is spread in the form of waves or particles and the health effects caused by radiation exposure depend on its level, type and duration (Nina Bai,2010 & Susan Blumenthal).But on the one hand, some others think that there is no doubt that the radiation is a potential threat to our health and the radiation exposing to the milk and food of the U.S after Fukushima disaster is the powerful evidence (Amber Cornelio).On the other hand, some scholar has the opinion that the advantages are more much than the disadvantages the nuclear power has (Bernard L.Cohen).In conclusion, the unclear power has his advantage but the radioactivity releasing from it has damage to the health of people more or le.(207words)
推荐第9篇：学术英语第二单元summary
Marketing is: a) discovering and giving consumers what they want and need, and b) doing this at a profit.
Marketing revolves around the wants, needs and desires of people.Effective marketing should begin with an insightful understanding of the consumer.
Product is anything that can be offered for sale or use to another individual.The product P covers everything that goes into the development of the tangible or intangible object.
Price not only pays for your cost of goods and profit, it does much more, such as communicating about the product,setting quality expectations, segmenting the audience, and even conveying how a consumer should consume the product.
Place refers to where and how you sell your product and is also referred to as distribute .Place can set quality and price expectations.
Any way you choose to promote your product is called promotion in marketing
This includes any from of marketing communication such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, event marketing, as well as any personal one-on-one selling you do.
推荐第10篇：Summary of Macbeth
Macbeth Summary
In a thunderstorm, three witches decide to meet again on the heath \"after the deed is done.\" Next, a captain reports to King Duncan that Macbeth beat Macdonwald in battle.Ro adds that the Thane of Cawdor was traitorous to Scotland during the battle.The three witches confront Macbeth and Banquo on their way home from the battle.They predict that Macbeth will be King of Scotland, and Banquo, though never king himself, will beget rulers.The witches leave and Ro informs Macbeth that he has inherited the title Thane of Cawdor (as also predicted by the witches).Macbeth contemplates the prediction of him being king, and wonders if he should help make it happen.Malcolm reports to King Duncan that Cawdor admitted his traitorous deeds at his execution.The king then warmly greets Macbeth and Banquo.To Macbeth\'s dismay, King Duncan declares his eldest son, Malcolm, Prince of Cumberland (i.e.the next king).At Inverne Castle, Macbeth\'s wife learns of his encounter with the witches and decides that she\'ll persuade Macbeth to fulfill his destiny through foul play.She then learns that King Duncan is coming to her castle to stay the night, strengthening her decision to murder Duncan.Macbeth appears and his wife tells him she\'ll do the foul deed herself.Duncan arrives and Macbeth tells his wife he doesn\'t want to murder Duncan.She talks him into it, adding that they\'ll frame Duncan\'s own guards with the murder.
Past midnight, Macbeth converses with Banquo, then alone, hallucinates that a bloody dagger is in front of him.Macbeth meets his wife and tells her he murdered Duncan.He also begins hearing voices.Macbeth forgets to return the daggers to the king\'s guards, so his wife does it for him, bloodying herself too, as Macbeth loses himself in insanity.They return to their chambers as Macduff and Lennox appear at the castle gates.Macbeth greets them and they ask to see Duncan.Macduff and Macbeth \"discover\" the body.Macbeth accidentally admits of the murder, then recants.Duncan\'s sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, flee to England and Ireland, fearing for their own lives.Subsequently, Macduff and Ro discu that all have decided that
Malcolm and Donalbain bribed the guards to kill Duncan.Consequently, Macbeth is declared king.
At Scotland\'s castle (Forres), Macbeth contemplates how he fears Banquo may give breed to children who may overthrow Macbeth.Macbeth convinces (hires) to men to murder Banquo and his son, Fleance.Macbeth scares his wife by informing her of Banquo and Fleance\'s impending death.The murderers succefully murder Banquo, but Fleance escapes.At dinner, Macbeth imagines he sees Banquo\'s ghost causing his wife to excuse the dinner guests.
On the heath, The three witches make a brew chanting \"double, double, toil and trouble.\" Macbeth approaches and asks three questions.The witches answer: 1.Beware Macduff, 2.None of woman borne will harm Macbeth, and 3.Macbeth will until Birnam Wood come to Dunsinane Hill.Finally, the ghost of Banquo appears, showing his eight future royal offspring.Lennox and another Lord discu that Macduff has gone to England to convince the innocent Malcolm to join arms with Northumberland and Siward against Macbeth.They inform Macbeth that Macduff has fled to England.Macbeth vows to fight them at Fife.Lady Macduff laments that her husband, a traitor, is virtually dead.Villains come and kill her son since he supports his father.In England, Macduff and Malcolm agree to fight together against Macbeth.Ro delivers the devastating news to Macduff that his son and wife are dead.
A doctor and servant observe Macbeth\'s wife\'s sleepwalking and sleep-talking about Duncan\'s death.Menteith, Angus, Caithne, and Lennox discu the impending battle with Macbeth and Birnam wood.An Dunsinane Castle, Macbeth is informed that an army of 10,000 is near.At Birnam wood, Malcolm orders his soldiers to cut the trees and use them as disguises.In the castle, Macbeth learns that his wife has died by her own hand, then learns, to his dismay, that Birnam wood is \"moving\" toward the castle.The army arrives and Macbeth fights and kills young Siward.Next, Macduff and Macbeth fight.Macduff informs Macbeth that he (Macduff) was ripped from his mother\'s womb, and thus not born of woman.Soon after, Macduff kills Macbeth.Macduff then crowns Malcolm the new King of Scotland.
第11篇：Work Summary
工作总结
时光飞逝，美好的大学生活匆匆过去，经过半年的忙碌和工作，本人的毕业论文已近接近尾声，由于经验的匮乏，难免有许多考虑不周全的地方，如果没有导师的督促指导，以及周围同学们的支持，想要完成这篇论文是非常困难的。
本篇毕业论文是在“十一五”保障房建设成果上进行系统分析，结合中国保障房制度，法律以及西方国家的经验和教训，就我国保障房建设过程中的作用，积极意义，存在的问题以及解决途径作深入阐述，并展望未来“十二五”期间的保障房建设。以下是我的工作安排： 第一周(2.27—3.5 ) 确定工作方式、工作大纲，
第二周(3.6—3.12 ) 完成毕业开题报告，选题报告，任务书。
第三周(3.13—3.19) 加快资料收集，完成外文翻译。
第四周(3.20—3.26 )尽快了解国内外本课题的研究状况，完成文献综述。 第五周(3.27—4.2 ) 完成论文的前言第一章。
第六周(4.3—4.9) 完成论文第二章。
第七周 （4.10—4.16） 完成论文第三章。
第八周(4.17—4.23 ) 完成论文第四章。
第九周(4.24—4.30) 完成论文第五章。
第十周(5.1—5.7 ) 完成论文第六章，结论。
第十一周 (5.8—5.14) 完善全稿、完成论文统稿。
第十二周 (5.15—5.21 ) 毕业设计完成撰写，毕业设计印刷、装订。
第十三周 (5.22—5.28 ) 评阅教师完成评阅。制作答辩PPT，准备毕业答辩。 第十四周 (5.29—6.4) 安排毕业答辩，给出毕业论文成绩，并整理归档。
此次毕业设计可以说是某种程度上的一种尝试，通过查阅大量的有关保障房的资料之后，使我对我国保障房政策，住房保障法律，以及西方国家住房保障的体制等等有了深入而系统的了解，这对我的论文起到了十分重要的帮助。当然，这篇论文并不能称得上是最完美的作品，但至少在某种程度上对我国保障房建设过程中的问题有过探讨和评价，与此同时，毕业论文也是对我大学四年学习情况的一次检验。
在这里首先要感谢我的导师刘昭阳教授。他平日里工作繁多，但在我做毕业设计的每个阶段，从筛选题目到查阅资料，草稿的确定和修改，中期检查，定稿，ppt制作等整个过程都给予了我悉心地指导和谆谆教诲，并且在我遇到困难的时候总是鼓励我，让我坚持下去，为这次毕业论文的顺利完成提供了非常必要的帮助。
在这里我还要感谢大学四年来的所有老师，为我们打下工程管理专业知识的基础；同时还要感谢所有陪伴我走过四年的同学们，正是有了你们的支持与鼓励，此次论文才会顺利完成。
总之本次毕业论文的编制过程使我受益匪浅，提高了查阅资料的能力，提高了电脑软件的应用能力，巩固了书本知识，是理论结合实践的最好的实战演练。
第12篇：chapter7 summary
Chapter 7 summary
1.An export subsidy by a small country leads to the rise of domestic price, which will in turn
lead to a decrease of consumer surplus and an increase of producer surplus.Government expenditures increase because of export subsidy.The imposing country suffers a deadweight lo.
2.The deadweight lo of an export subsidy by a large country is greater than that of a small
country, as the increase of exports by a large country leads to a drop of world price which deteriorates its terms of trade.
3.Production subsidy is different from export subsidy in that it provides a payment based on all
production regardle of where it is sold.The price paid by the consumers remains equal to the free trade price, and there is no consumer surplus lo.But producer surplus increases because of the price they receive is the sum of the consumer price and the subsidy.Government revenue decreases because of the subsidy.The net welfare effect is a deadweight lo.From the perspective of the whole social welfare, production subsidy is better than export subsidy.But production subsidy requires more expenditure by the government than export subsidy.
4.Other measures regarding export promotion are: devaluation of home currency, commodity
dumping, special trade zones and export promotion programs.
5.There are several objectives of restricting exports.Export taxes and quotas are the two major
approaches.The effects of an export tax in a small country are: consumer surplus increases, producer surplus decreases, government revenue increases and the whole welfare effect is a deadweight lo.But the whole welfare effect of an export tax in a large country might be positive.If the exporting country is a large country, the reduced supply of exports on the world market results in an increase in the international price.Thus, the export price for the exporting country rises, the terms of trade of the country improve.Other effects to the country are the same as in the setting of a small country.
6.The effects of an export quota are similar to those of an export tax.The difference is no
government revenue is neceity collected.The recipient of the quota rent is unclear.
7.There are several objectives of promoting import.Promotion measures include import
subsidies, consumption subsidies on imported products and production tax on the import-competing industries.
8.The most important determinants of the succe of trade sanctions are: the number of
imposing nations, the degree of economic, political and cultural ties between the target nation and the imposing nation(s).
Export subsidy
Price subsidy
Production subsidy
Devaluation of home currency
Sporadic dumping
Predatory dumping
Persistent dumping
Bonded warehouse
Special trade zone
Trade sanctionsExport tax
第13篇：Summary of Camille
Summary of the lady of Camille
I have read a famous novel written by Alexander Dumas, which is called the lady of Camille.
Dumas (27th, July, 1824 – 27th, November, 1895) was a French author and dramatist; also he was the illegitimate son Alexander Dumas, père.He was raised by his seamstre mother until his father legally recognized him and aumed responsibility for his care.The novel was adopted by his own experience.Dumas was so sad of his lover’s death that in the memory of his favorite he wrote this novel.The name of the hero, Armand Duval, is a thin disguise for he himself.
The novel told a sad love story.It has impreed readers from all aver the world deeply.Many are moved by the true love between hero and heroine.It is written in a flashback.The whole story was known by a long conversation between Armand Duval and the writer.
Marguerite is a poor girl once lived in the countryside.For her family, she goes to Paris, where she starts her crazy and miserable life.She is such a beautiful lady that noblemen in Paris scramble to gain her favour.She has become a popular lady.She loves to bring a bunch of camellia with her wherever she goes, so she is called “the lady of Camille”.
Marguerite has developed a pulmonary disease.For curing the disease, she goes to drink the waters.She meets a noble girl who has the similar appearance and figure with her.But the poor girl dies soon.So a duck, the father of the dead girl, offers all her expense in daily life on one condition that she changes the way of life now.But, she can’t do it, the old duck cuts down half of the money; as a result, Marguerite is in debt.
When she comes back to Paris, she meets a young middle cla lover Armand Duval who does the unpardonable thing of falling jealously in love with her and breaking all convention of what\'s expected between a courtesan and her admirers.He, of course, has 英译091 成琪 200910812020pc 第 1 页 2013/3/28
no way of sustaining the standard of living which she is accustomed.
She is moved by Armand Duval’s enthusiasm, she wants get rid of the boring life in Paris and lives with Armand in the countryside.She decides to raise a sum of money alone, so she asked Armand to leave for one night.Then in her new house, a confrontation between the jealous Armand and her rich admirers and \"benefactors\" takes place.For the first time she sticks up for her lover -- making a life choice -- and they are left indignantly and alone.
Armand becomes depreed, his career seems doomed by the intolerance of French society, and he knows that he will never be able to support Marguerite to the level of life she deserves.Unbeknownst to Armand, his father comes to plead for Marguerite to leave Armand to save both his son\'s reputation and that of his younger innocent sister -- whom is also tainted by the scandal.To prove her love, she agrees and leaves Armand.She returns to Paris where she despairingly throws herself back into her old lifestyle.Armand can\'t believe she has left and searches for her -- finally finding her in Paris in the arms of a new lover.He is sad to see such a scene and decides to give up her.
Time paes.The two accidentally meet again in public.Marguerite is now in the company of another beautiful courtesan and Armand begins paying court not to her but to her friend trying to strike back at Marguerite out of his own sense of hurt.Deathly ill, Marguerite visits Armand one last time to plead for stopping humiliating her, and they make love again -- both unable to deny the paion for each other.But Marguerite is haunted by guilt that she can only harm Armand and remember her promise to his father -- she abandons him yet again as he sleeps.
Armand is incensed when he wakes.Finding Marguerite at a grand ball with all society around, he approaches her and hands her an envelope stuffed full of money and says something really hurts Marguerite, who collapses as he walks out.
Abandoned by all her friends from the humiliation of Armand’s
action, exposed publicly for what she really is, she dies pennile, painfully and alone--cast off by all the men that were once infatuated with her.
In prologue, Armand is given Marguerite\'s diary in which he finally learns of her illne and her undying love for him along with the extent of anguish that he caused.
第14篇：英语作文：A Summary of How to Cultivate EQ
A Summary of How to Cultivate EQ
Compared with knowledge, the writer thinks that judgment is the most valuable contribution employees make to their companies.And according to a new book, Emotional Intelligence, an intelligent but inflexible people don’t have the right stuff in an age when the adaptive ability is the key to survival.
How to cultivate EQ? The writer lists four adaptive skills as follows.First, raise your consciousne by catching yourself in the act of thinking as often as poible.Second, use imagery to dream with paion about what you want to achieve every day.Third, consider and reconsider events to choose the most creative response to them.Final, integrate the perspectives of others.
But your habits may stop you practicing these skills, because your minds follow literally the established wiring of your brain, which doubled several times and grew rapidly until you reached sexual maturity.So, to achieve it, you need a discipline.
But if you only train yourselves without emotional maturity and knowledge, it worths le and le.
第15篇：summary大学英语文章简介的
Summary
The author holds the opinion that the college education system has changed.Instead of conceived with the ideas of wisdom and enlightenment in mind, the present system now simply focuses on academic achievement.And the situation may be caused by three factors: the raising money acquired for higher education, the increasing expectations on the students and the effect to provide higher education to the maes.The purpose that higher education should focus on the true understanding of the knowledge has been taken place by the education system set for the public.
第16篇：安徽大学研究生英语上册summary—原创
安大研究生英语上册summary
UNIT1
Josph Brosky puts himself very clearly in the text.how to read a book.Many books are le limited than ourselves,many writers write a good book through all their lives.therefore,in literature good is defined by its distinction from bad.our readers ought to pick up good books that bring the human predicament into its sharpest poibly focus.the man so called literary criticism all have their limit.the writer accounts poem an a way to develop good taste in literature.he think it as the supreme form of human locution .for it isconcise and offers the highest poible standards for any linguistic operation.A man who used to read poetry may have no interest in bad prose.
The writer explain his opinion clearly in the text lies.the text can be divided into three parts.Although we all be taught not tu tell lies since our childhood.we can not deny the fact that people tell lies from time to time for different reason.People may tell white lies ro protect their friend, their friend,their family,or even just for themselves.Religions always tell lies to offer people the hope of life.the government may tell lies to ensure their manipulate of encomy .Lies around us everywhere ,it directs our thoughts and actions everyday and we may never doubt big lies to comfort ourselves.most people want sth moreconsoling than terrible facts.peopleneed big lies because lying disguses our morlatity,our indueques ,our fears and anxiety ,our loneline in the midst of crowd ,we can nor live without lies.
John F.kennedy is the 35th president of America.He gave this speech on his inaugural day.I think this exciting inaugural addre can be divided into three parts.In the first part,K commit to do what the oath said although the world is different.Heshou his comfidence to maintain human rights and the sucde of liberty.He speaks to many kinds of people in the second part.he pledge the loyality offairhful friend,shouws whlcome to the new states ,and pledge them besr efforts to help the struggling national,he offers a special pledge to the south of America that he hopes to convent good words into good deeds.he renews his pledge of support to the United Nations.he even speaks to their hostile state for peace.In the third pare,he calls for citizen to do sth”Ask not what America will do for you,but whar together we can do for the freedom of man”
In the article ,the writer light the neceity for receion-proofing our career and gives his stratergies for receion proofing our career.he thinks our world as a TempWorle .everyone of us may be influenced by it,so all of us should be a career activist .The first strategy is to ensure our employability.he adviced us to currency ability,then create a fallback position in case we have to change our mind-set.knowing our key skills will help us to know ourselves well.being prepared for areas of competence will shorten the time we stepping in a new filed .healso advice us to build a knowledge netork and market ourselves in an opporiate way.As for our thought,we should learn to feel good about ourselves and to act ambitious
Resilience is very important for every of us .At last,saty culturally current will benefits us a lot no matter in what case.
第17篇：英语学术演讲与写作Summary
Summary of ‘scientists shouldn’t be surprised by the popularity of intelligent design’
In his article ’’ which addrees many scientists , grumps over the persistence of ID(intelligent design), scott Lilienfeld postulates that many Americans, approval of ID cannot be blamed on their lack of common sense but rather their dependence on their common sense or intuition in making judgments which turns them awayfrom the theory of natural selection.According to Lilienfeld ,the difficulty in intuiting how marvelous creatures and organisms have resulted from natural selection has prevented many Americans from accepting Darwinian Theory while the same common sense has made ID rather tempting to them.As is indicated by a multitude of examples of wrong beliefs based on common sense, intuition does not provide a reliable means of understanding the world.Unfortunately, scientists and science educators have failed to teach research methods and academic skills that can help debunk misconceptions compatible with people,s common sense.Finally , Lilienfeld concludes that a radical shift in science education has to be initiated so that scientists would not face a fiasco when confronting erroneous claims refuged by people,s common sense.Summary of ‘Empowerment and Restraint in Scientific Communication’ In his article “”, Philip Campbell highlights a dire likely consequence of biologists” increased ability to obtain and distribute scientific information that such information may be exploited by people with heinous intentions.Scientific communication, according to Campbell, has seen significant development due to the invention of powerful software and hardware that facilitate scientists” acquisition of information and reduce the trouble they may otherwise have to take in order to publicize their research.However, the resulting plethora of biological information spawns a hazard that the information may be used to build biological weapons, and this hazard has come to peoples attention with synthetic biologys recent development.Campbell points out that it is relatively easy to abuse biological knowledge while biological studies often bring about unexpected results.People using biological information for malicious purpose may be whoever have learnt to exploit simple biological technologies and are not necearily committed to terrorist agendas.Campbell believes that the decisions made by funding agencies and scientific journals who are the gatekeepers of biological research will be crucial in reducing the risks of information abuse and what proactive measure should be taken has to be considered by all related parties. Summary of ‘ethical, legal and social implications of autonomous systems’ In his article“”Austin Modine highlights that robot driver will control the vehicles which raises problems in different social levels.Autonomous robots will deprive people of their control.For Modines aume that human interaction is neceary,but human will make mistakes because of their wrong decision.Autonomous systems also have a tendency to make mistake.And there is a problem that who will be responsible for the failure.A concern that autonomous systems are held back until they dont make mistakes any more.The reaction to failures between autonomous systems and manned systems should be chosen if it make le mistakes than human-operators and technical systems.Finally,Austine Modine conclude that many questions should be solved in order to make autonomous systems accept legally and socially.Summary of ‘why do things become more complex’
In his article “Why Do Things Become More Complex” Carrington highlights a phenomenon that simplicity becomes more complex, and people are interested in the complexity.In the history, the turbojet engine invented by Frank Whittle just use a simple compreor-turbine combination as the motivation.After many years, the jet engine changed more complicated as the preure of commercial and military interests, usually by adding a subsystem.Modern engines have a vastly complex array of interconnected subsystems subaemblyes.The jet engines work like a cheetah both in the outside and inside, sleekly and complicatedly.In the proce of growing complexity, it has many obstacle for people to overcome, such as new bureaucratic offices and departments.The complexity brings a ma of problems to keep the performance like maintenance repairs, et.al..And functions and modifications tends to increase complexity through overcoming limitations, abnormal circumstances and adapting to the complex world.The renewable simplicity often emerges slowly after the growing complication.Finally, Carrington concludes that complexity should be checked so that it can evolves naturally and deliver powerful performance.And also need to final things to bring renewable simplicity after the complexity.
第18篇：debate summary英语辩论课总结
Summary of Debate Cla
Sy1401 Lisa 20140296 At the beginning of the summary, in case I will forget the plots of the final debate, I want to talk about this first.
To be frank, I was a little bit disappointed when hearing the result of the debate.Only 2 students advocated our group.Because Violet was sick badly at that time, to leen her preure, I helped her to write construction draft.I stayed up for 2 a.m.to finish the craft.And I have to say it was really a painful experience because first, I had to design the system of my opinion and then, I would find out as much information as I can to support my point of view.And that is just like cleaning up the mees.Unfortunately, I failed in the debate, this is really a severe hit on me.Have I offended somebody? Have I was lack of preparation? Anger and disappointment haunted around my minds.But after a while, I calmed down, reflecting my behavior during the debate and then I found a lot of my shortage required to be corrected.
First, in the debate, all the time, I just couldn’t wait to shout out my opinions, but most of the time, the words I said were not logical and powerful enough and that result in the waste of time.In other words, I was always too impatient to think over the things I want to say, which may be misunderstood by the audience.Just like the question I ask: ‘When the ship is going to sink, is the captain going to tell people: make love and we have more babies? Is that the right way to save the boat?’ This is the question I found in a report written by a reviewer.I think this is really a humorous and ironic question, but maybe the contest is so direct that it may lead to some embarrament.And I should think about if it was suitable to expre my views like this, and if I still stick to utter my opinion like this, it is bound to give the other people a bad impreion and illusion on me.
Second, I was a little bit over-enthusiastic and too positive.Normally, behaving with vigor is good for debate.But we are not supposed to be overzealous, because it can make some faults and leave a bad impreion to others.Though I think I have prepared as hard as poible, I even recorded the contest of the first team’s debate with my phone, that can’t be said other clamates weren’t making efforts to get ready for debate.So losing in this debate can’t say I am a loser, I am not giving up yet.Maybe other’s debating skills is better than me, but I have the confidence to improve my capacity by learn the leon and sum up the experience of debating.
And now, I want to talk about the debate cla generally.
To be frank, when I noticed that there was a debate cla in this semester, I actually hesitated for a while if I should attend this cla.Because I was frightened by the name of the course—debating in Chinese is not so easy to me, not mention in English.But on second thought, I realized that this was a preciously chance for me to improve my English skills though it seems like an overwhelming challenge.Thus, regardle any misgivings, I picked the debate cla.And frankly, when the first day I attended this cla came, preure and fear haunted my mind tightly.I was anxious about my behavior and performance, but I was still trying to take part in the ‘brainstorming’ with my clamates.So that’s the reason why sometimes a few of awkward opinions slipped out my mouth.(And I had scared Chris in the cla.) And this cla, indeed, has given me a lot of good things.What I really appreciate is it has taught me the way of thinking.We were supposed to treat a case rationally and objectively as well as think it in a logical way.Moreover, this cla told me that nothing is absolutely right, because of which, we should consider critically and analyze dialectically.And the two debates were really awesome.I enjoyed the feeling of being challenged and questioned and then using my words as my sword to fight back.Moreover, this debate leened my fear of communicating in English.In a word, it is really a big development for me.
As for the advice for this cla.First, I think we should be given more time to prepare for the debate then we could behave better and feel le preure than before.Second, I think knowing how many people advocate on debate group directly sometimes can be depreing, (just like when I saw that only 2 students voted for my group, I was really frustrated.) so I think it may be better if just declare which group win but not mention how many students advocate it.Third, I think if Chris can join in the debating (not just acting as a judge), it may be more interesting, and we can improve faster and get more skills when debating with teacher.
Thanks for teaching me so much on debating, see you on the debate cla next semester.*^_^*^_
第19篇：高级英语6 leon1课文的summary
Summary of Sexism in School
According to Myra and David Sadker, many people believe claroom
sexism was gone already, but actually it still exists in school: boys still get more attention than girls do in claroom.Based on some reliable investigation and bountiful evidence, readers can easily know that teachers\' sexist attitudes towards students do exist and it can directly affect students\' progre in learning.It can be found that boys get more than their fair share of teacher attention, while girls just sit and keep quiet.Besides, the sexism with
far-reaching harmful effects also exists in work place.Then the authors make a recommendation that teachers getting trained can establish equity in claroom, which turns out to be effective according to the study.Finally, the authors make a call for immediate action to remove sexism in school so that females can achieve equity in work world as well as in school.
第20篇：英语短学期总结 personal summary（优秀）
Personal summary
Through the English study at short time, I achieved a lot.I know how to chose a topic and make some preparations for it, also to deal with the data we collected.What’s more important, I enjoy the proce working together with my teammates and I think a group’s succe is true succe, the succe belongs to every member.Ok, I don’t deny that someone was lazy in our group, but that didn’t influence our final results.
Our English teacher is a baldheaded, when I first see him, I realize he is interesting and he has a good sense of humor, so I like to take his leons; he will ask the late students to buy some drinks or candy, sometimes for himself but he buy a lot of sugar for us at the end of the short term.He is really a good teacher.
I was chosen as the leader of our team, that means I take the duty of arranging every step, and finally, I made the Powerpoint, something I felt regret is I didn’t perform perfectly like I imaged, the teacher said I’m bad, I made a lot preparations for me and for others, but I need to state a lot ,maybe I was nervous and lack of confidence, I should do more jobs in my spoken English.In general, I have a fun term, and I feel my English ability in writing and oral got improved a lot, also the spirit of teamwork.I like study English like that.
Group report
Time runs quickly, the short term is going to the end.And we finished our presentation,
In this short term, our group chose “how to arrange your spare time” as our topic, because now college student don’t need to study like higher school student, they have more spare time.However, most student become lazier than before, they can’t arrange their time reasonably, we just want to do a survey and give some suggestions to college student.
Fact proves that we got the expected results:
About 91% student have spare time more than 5 hours everyday;
The most student usually do surfing at their spare time; The most student think surfing is meaningful to do at spare time; The most student think relaxation is very important at spare time; Only 5% student think their arrangement is very reasonable; About 34% student say surfing occupy their most spare time
We can see that most student spent most of their spare time just surfing and le time to study, and they do le exercise.This is the true situation the college student faced.
We give some suggestions such as spend more time on your study, go to library is a good habit; do exercise regularly; take part in some communities; do some jobs in need.We just want to help them arrange their spare time reasonably, college school is not a place to spend your time on entertainment or other things lack of meaning, according to the information we searched, about 5% students’ future is ruined by computer games, and most of them are boys, we hope our suggestions will give them some help.
