专四小作文范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：专四作文

1.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

At present, people become more cautious when they meet strangers, let alone to help them.Trust between person is at stake.Offer your idea about such a phenomenon and your suggestions to make a change.

On Aiding Strangers

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You are invited to attend a friend’s birthday party.Write a note to your friend, Mike, explaining briefly why you cannot take part in it and give him your best wishes.

2.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Nowadays Internet is revolutinizing our globe and greatly facilitating our modern life.As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the Net, including shopping.However, people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.What do you think of it?

Shopping on the Net

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Emerson’s paper ranks on the top and earns fame for the English department.Write a note to him on behalf of the department, expreing the appreciation and good wishes to him.

3.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

It is a popular phenomenon that nowadays some houses in China are labeled with foreign names and some traditional Chinese houses are demolished for the new foreign ones.Analyzing the poible reasons and the consequences of such a phenomenon.

Foreign Names for Chinese Houses

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You just got recovered from illne.Write a note to your partner, Jason, expreing your appreciation to his care and great help.

4.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Job-hunting is a tough challenge to the graduates.Someone says graduation means the coming of unemployment.Provide your opinion on such a phenomenon and give some advice for such a dilemma.

Graduation, Synonym of Unemployment?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You have got in trouble in your computer installment.Write a note to your friend, Roger, describe briefly what it is and ask him to give you a hand.

5.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Now many universities are asking their students to evaluate their teachers.Many students are excited at this, but some teachers seem to hold different opinions.What’s your opinion?

Should Teachers Be Evaluated by Students?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

A College English Speech Contest is to be held in the city.You want to take part in it.Write a note to Mr.Brown, inquiring the details about the contest and procedure.

6.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Career planning is an important step for graduates, and it is of great importance.Offer your idea about it.Some of the tips and potential flaws must be included in your composition.

Career Planning

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Your friend Steven has been enrolled by Yale University.Write a note to congratulate him, expreing your happine and admiration for him.

7.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Nowadays tourism is more and more indispensable to people’s life.But which way is a better choice: joining package tour or travelling on your own?

Which Do You Prefer: Joining Package Tours or Travelling on Your Own?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Your friend just failed in a contest and was very sad.Write a note to your friend, Allan, comforting and encouraging him not to lose heart and make further succe.

8.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

A scholar’s profeional ethics is eential to his career and in a sense determines his contribution to the public.What does the profeional ethics really mean, and what is its importance to a scholar?

My Idea of Profeional Ethics for a Scholar

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You are informed that your friend Lily has failed her final examination and is very frustrated now.Write a note to Lily, offering some suggestions and try to cheer her up.

9.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Some people argue that athletes, while playing games, should adhere to the principle “Friendship first, competition second”, but others are against this view.They think that “Playing a game is fun when you win.” What is your opinion?

Playing a game is fun when you win

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

You have found a book in the dining hall; write a “Lost and Found” note.

10.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

More and more adult students are renting flats to live away from campus, and some of them are students lovers.Some students think it unacceptable, but others think it OK.What’s your opinion?

On Cohabitation of Student Lovers

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Write a note to Tom to invite him to see a film with you.

11.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Under the one-child policy carried out in China, the “one” generation born between 1978 and 1985 has grown up.Directly affected by the family planning policy of China, whether they feel any loneline as the only child of the families is being discued.

Does the Only Child Feel Lonely?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

Write a “Thank you” letter to Mr.Smith for his recommendation of your competence to the manager of the Medical Company.

12.

SECTION ACOMPOSITION

Many universities oblige the students to attend the spoken English test.What is your opinion?

Is a Test of Spoken English Neceary?

SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING

The heating system in the hotel where you live didn’t work well last night.Write to the manager to complain about this.

推荐第2篇：专四便条作文

专四作文写作技巧——如何写好英文便条

英文书信有正式与非正式之分，英文便条为非正式书信。

TEM4把写便条(note～writing)列入必考项目之一，其目的是按照要求，测试英语专业学生在基础阶段末用英语书面表达思想的能力。便条成绩在TEM4笔试成绩中虽只占10%，却如同一面镜子，能反映出学生英语书面交际的能力。有关英文便条写作，国内外学者多有论述。学者们认为，便条是一种简短信函，多使用非正式语体，它的形式比一般书信简单。例如，写便条的人与收便条的人的地址、称呼中“Dear\'一词、日期中的年份以及结尾套语(complimentary close，亦称结束语)，都可以省去;便条正文篇幅可小至

一、两句话。可是，TEM4便条写作而言，并不完全像以上说的那样，它有一定的限制。

英语专业四级考试大纲写便条的要求是，\"根据提示写大约50-60字的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确，语言得体。”英语专业四级考试大纲的要求其实也给TEM4便条制定了评分标准。TEM4便条的评分往往从格式、内容、语言、字数这四方面来考虑。因此，要想写好TEM4便条，就必须掌握TEM4便条的基本要求，注意TEM4便条写作中常见的问题，以便对症下药，充分发挥自己的英文写作水平。

TEM4便条的基本要求:

(一) 格式(format)正确TEM4便条的格式与普通英文书信格式基本相同。

具体来说，它应有日期(date)、称呼(saluwfion)、正文(body)及结尾(ending)，结尾包括结尾套语(complimentary close)和签名(signature)。

1.日期指写便条的日期。英文便条与汉语便条的日期写的地方有别，前者的日期一般写在便条的右上角，偶尔也见写在便条的左上角，而后者的日期则写在便条的右下角，即写在签名的下面。英文日期与汉语日期的写法也有不同，汉语一般先写年，然后再写月、日，而英文则一般把年份写在月、日的后面。另外，英文日期的月、日与年之间通常用逗号隔开。例如，2008年4月21日通常写成April 21，2008或April 21 st，2008;当然，由于是非正式书信，也可以去掉年份，写成Ap l 2l或April 21st(不过，这种写法，只是最近两年才被TEM4接受)，或者写成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能说明便条的有效度，没有日期，则会使人感到茫然。

2.称呼称呼是指写便条人对收便条人的称谓，一般都以Dear开头，写在日期下一两行、留出左页边空白，顶格写。TEM4试卷中一般对写便条人与收便条人之间的关系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是写便条人，提到的另一方便是收便条人。称呼时，一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可，如Dear Susan，Dear Tom。若此人有头衔(social title)，称呼时，便要保留其头衔，例如Dr.Herce，要称DearDr.Pierce，不称DearPierce。如果提示中的另一方是以MrsWang或MrWang出现，称呼时也只需在其前加Dear便可，即称DearMrsWang或DearMrWang，若只称DearWang则视为不妥。当对方为亲属时，在Dear 后面加上表示亲属关系大写的字眼即可，如DearGrandpa，DearAunt。值得一提的是，近年来TEM4也接受不带Dear的称呼。称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号。

3.正文正文是写便条人要叙述或谈论的事情，是便条的主要组成部分。一般书信是在称呼下方隔两行处开始写正文。但就TEM4便条而言，一般在称呼的下一行开始写正文便可。正文的首行左边一般留约5个字母宽的空白，但也可顶格写。便条的内容简单、字数少，因此，正文一般只需写一段或两段。若有两段，第二段的首行应与第一段的首行对齐写。4.结尾如前所述，结尾包括结尾套语和签名。

(1)结尾套语结尾套语的位置一般是在正文最后一行的下面，从便条的中央部分开始，稍向右缩进。当然，若正文的开头是往左顶格写，此时的结尾套语也应往左顶格写。开头字母要大写，末尾要用逗号。结尾套语为写便条人对收便条人的谦称或客套以示礼貌，措辞的变化按照不同的关系而定。现分述如下：

① 致不熟悉的人，宜用较庄重的套语，如Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，或Sincerely等。

② 对上级、长者，除了可用上述较庄重的套语，也可用Yoursrespectfully或Respectfully yours。

③ 对一般朋友或熟人可用①中提到的较庄重的套语，也可用Yours等较为随便的套语。

④ 对密友则采用较随便的套语为宜。例如，Yours，Love，With love，Best wishes，Best regards等等。

⑤ 对亲属可用下列任何一种：Love，With love，All my love，Yours afectionately，Affectionately yours，Lovingly yours，Yo urslovingly，Your loving son(Dad?);但对亲人，不宜用Sincerelyyours~由于TEM4便条写作一般是针对考生日常生活或学习相关的事情，写作的对象一般是其朋友、老师、熟人，因此，TEM4通常只接受Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Sincerely，或Yours这几种结尾套语。

(2)签名即写便条人署名，位于结尾套语下，偏右。若结尾套语是往左顶格写，这时的署名也应往左顶格写。签名也由写便条人和收便条人的关系和亲疏程度而定。有时TEM4指定了写便条人的名字，签名时应采用那个名字。若无指定名字，考生也不宜用自己的真名。一般只需写名不写姓，但若用了较庄重的结尾套语，此时可签全名。

(二)内容完整一般而言，一封理想的TEM4便条应包括以下三点：

(1)写便条的原因;

(2)要告诉的事情;

(3)有关的希望、建议或要求等。便条写作提示的情况都是与人们日常生活或学习相关的事情。

例如，对别人提供的帮助表示感谢，邀请朋友参观书展，因不能准时赴约而表示道歉，把信息转告给朋友等。所提示的内容就是考生要表达的思想内容。思想内容有先后之分，要

讲究其逻辑性，还得注意其完整性。生活中有些约定俗成的东西，写作时，应考虑这方面的因素。例如，写道歉信时，一般都先向对方表示歉意或内疚，同时说明发生疏忽、过失、或错误的原因，提出弥补的办法，这样有利于取得对方的谅解。现以近年一次英语专业四级考试便条写作为例加以说明：该提示是：Yesterday you failed tO turn up for the appointmentwith your teacher，Profeor Wang.Write him a note of apology an dmake a request for another meeting.YO u should also suggest the timefor the requested meting.仔细阅读这一提示，你就会发现，第一句为第二旬所要求的道歉确定了内容;为了求得对方的谅解，获得另一次会面的机会，你就必须说明前次未能赴约见面的原因。因此，本便条的内容必须包括以下四项：

(1)apologizingforfailuretOturn upforthe appointment，

(2)the rea~nforfailuretOturn叩，

(3)making a request for another meeting，

(4)suggesting the timeflorthe requestedmeeting。其中(3)、(4)为提示中明确要求表达的内容，(1)、(2)则是根据道歉类书信特点而必须表达的内容。内容为便条写作的重头戏。写作时，切莫忽视提示中的任何信息，同时要关注交际中所需的相关信息。当然，在注意提示中的信息时，特别是首句，要注意用自己正确的语言来表达，不能完全抄提示，否则会扣分。

(三)语言得体内容和语言是一个统一体。内容抓住后，应以恰当的语言来表达。一般来说，便条的语言要简单明嘹，用词平易。当然，语言风格还应与情景一致，不同的对象，所使用的语言应有所不同。相对来说，对上级、长者、不熟悉的人的语言较为正式，对亲朋好友的语言则较为随便。不过，不管对方是谁，行文中都应体现态度诚恳礼貌。

(四)字数符合要求TEM4便条总字数(包括日期、称呼、结尾在内)的要求是约50—60个字。尽管在这数字之间还可以少l0字，或多20字，即40-80字，不过，还是篇幅适中为好，以免因显得太短或太长而扣分。二TEM4便条写作中常见的问题便条写作中常见的问题主要表现在格式、内容、语言等方面。

(一)格式方面1.日期部分往往被漏掉，或漏掉日期中年与月、日之间的逗号，或在日期后面加点，或按汉语的顺序写成(如2006年4月22日，写成April 22 2006;April 22，2006.;2006.5.9;其正确形式请参照前文的相应部分)，或按汉语习惯把它写在签名的下面。2.称呼未往左顶格写，或与日期同写一行;称呼后面打句号，或未打逗号或冒号。3.把结尾套语和签名同写一行，或漏写结尾套语，或漏掉结尾套语后面的逗号。

(二)内容方面便条的内容虽简单，但漏掉必须表达的内容的情况时有发生。例如，在前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作，考生对未赴约的原因应加以说明，可不少考生只写了如下相似内容的便条：I am verysorry for miing yesterday’S appointment，SO I do hope we can mak ean other one.Sunday evening is convenient for me.W hat about you?内容方面还因理解不透，或自立标准而导致交际不成功的情况也不鲜见。还是以前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作为例，评分取样的九份答卷中就有三份类似的例子。其中一份这样写道，“I’mvery glad to receive your note.About Our appointment I think we canchan ge an other time.M aybe tomorrow，1 will

be fre an d stay athome all day.Ifyouarealsofreetomorrow ，you Can callme atan ytime.Then 1 will visit you?”该提示要写一封简短的道歉信，而这位考生的答案却与此大相径庭，信中丝毫没有流露出道歉的意念。

(三)语言方面便条中的语言错误可分为理解和表达两大类，主要体现在措辞、语法、拼写等方面。

1.措辞不当措辞不当在这里既指一般遣词造句中出现的语言运用错误(performance erors)，又指因未按TEM4便条测试中提供的语境遣词造句而产生的语用失误(pragmatic failures)，还指因忽视对方的社会或文化背景差异而造成的语用失误。此类问题在TEM4便条写作中相当严重。我们还是以前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作为例;鉴于篇幅，且举三例：

(1) 在1 would appreciate you if you could have anothermeeting with me这句话中，appreciate后面的宾语不妥。只要细心的读者翻阅一下词典，就会发现appreciate(感谢)的英文释义是be grateful for(something)，若把句中的you改为it(代表后面那件事)，或把appreciate改为be grateful to，或把appreciate you改为be grateful，这句话就对了。

(2)考生在便条的开头就对因病未能与王教授约会表示道歉后，接着写道：I\'m anxious tO make an appointment with you.而根据上下文应该是，I\'m anxious tO make another appointment withyou(??与你另订一次约会)。

(3)你(写便条人)自己因某种原因而没去赴约，况且约会的对象是你的老师，事后还要命令对方到你家来见你，或以命令的IZl吻表示要给你打电话。象“You must come tO my home”，或\"Give me a call to discu it further\"这类话有失礼貌，使人读后感到不舒服。

2.语法错误便条中的语法错误有多种，常见的有冠词、词性、动词的时与体、句子结构等错误。

(1)冠词错误，如I\'m anxious to make a(应为an)appointment with you.

(2)词性错误，如I must make an apologize(正确为apology)for failing to turn up for the appo intment.

(3)动词的时与体等方面的错误，例如：a.If you will be(应把will be改为are)free tomorrow,we shall meet again.b.I am sorry to fail(正确为to have failed而不是to fall，因事情已发生)to turn up for the appointment yesterday.

(4)句子结构错误，例如：I\'m very sorry.I didn\'t turn up for the appointment with you.Because my mother was seriously ill yesterday and I had to take her to see the doctor(应改为I\'m very sorry I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you yesterday because my mother was seriously ill and I had to take her to see the doctor).3.拼写错误与别的主观题一样，便条写作中拼写错误数见不鲜。

例如：profeor---profesor/profesor;convenient---conveint/convinen/convinient; receive—recieve; appointment ---apointment/poitment.

三建议综上所述，TEM4便条的行文虽简短、形式较简单，但写好它并非一件易事，它涉及考生的实际英语水平和临场发挥的方方面面。现就考前准备与临场发挥两方面提几点建议。

(一)考前准备1.抓好英语基本功的训练，做到多读、多背、多学。2.养成良好的学习习惯，做到多思、多问、勤查词典。3.注意英汉文化背景差异，牢记英汉书信格式上的异同之处。4.调整好心态，牢记：“功到自然成”。

(二) 临场发挥1.仔细阅读、研究所给提示，包括情景、要求、与收便条人之间的关系等。2.根据提示认真构思，包括结构、语气、用词等。3.利用有把握的英文知识，简明扼要地表达提示中要表*考试~大达的思想内容。4.语言要流畅，切记以对方为重、使对方愉悦、尽量少用被动语态、避免文句单调。5.注意卷面要干净整齐，字迹要工整清晰。6.挤时间认真检查：1)格式是否正确，有无漏掉成分;2)内容是否完整，有无缺少部分;3)语言是否规范、得体，有无语法、拼写错误，等等。附：范文

April 22，2006Dear Profeor Wang，

I\'m very sorry I didn’t keep the appointment with you yesterday because of my sick roommate.As his close friend，I had to look after him the whole day.1wonder if you’d mind having another appointment with me at your office at four O’clock tomorrow afternoon.I\'m expecting your reply.

Yours sincerely,

George

推荐第3篇：09年专四作文

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? China’s economic growth has brought fast development to tourism since 1978.An increasing number of people start to go on traveling, which unavoidably bring harm to the environment.On the one hand, tourism leads to the destruction of ecological balance.Many so called green parks have been built to attract visitors.However, the constructions of those parks need lots of trees because they can be made into artificial chairs, tables or wood house, so tourism also causes the decline in areas of the green land, which adds the risk of floods.On the other hand, tourism causes water pollution.Some places of interest are famous for natural beauty, like some big waterfalls and lakes, but some rude behaviors, such as leaving plastic bags in the water indeed have a bad effect to water.To sum up, I think it is not worth sacrificing environment to develop economic.As citizens, everyone should do their own part to protect our environment.

March 27, 2009 Dearly Lily, I have learned from an ad that a schoolboy is looking for a private English-language tutor.I think it is a good chance for you so you can get a part-time job at your free time.Most important of all, you want to be a teacher, your dream.I hope you will take the opportunity and may you succeed.

Yours,

Rose

推荐第4篇：专四

专四范文 Tourism Does Do Harm to the Environment Last week, I was going through The Sunday Times, when a news story caught my eye.A local government in Yunnan got rid of a forest for the building up of a tourist resort.As a result, a rare species of wood crane was rendered homele.Despite the effort by the locals, these birds still extinguished.It is, indeed, a typical example to show that tourism does do harm to the natural balance of environment. To begin with, over-expansion of tourism is, of course, destructive to the environment.As it brings huge tides of tourists and certainly big revenues to scenic spots, devastating pollution comes along.Such increased amount of exhaust as released from air traveling and vehicles are the worst results, not to mention other wastes brought along by tourists themselves.Secondly, too much traveling causes irreparable damages to the non-renewable resource of environmental nature.Once exhausted, these resources can be in no way reproduced.Finally, exceive tourism disturbs harmony between humans and natural environment, posing a big threat to their own existence.That is why we see, in so many resorts, polluted rivers, dirty air and “white wastes”. To sum up, life is too short to live in one place and traveling is human nature.However, as vacations come, and we are working out a big plan to go somewhere, we should keep in our mind the risks posed by exceive traveling so that we poibly do it in a restrained way. 转自[英美者]-英语专业网站： TV—Bleing or Curse？ ？ Few things in the modern world have so much influence on people as the television does.Being besieged with TV news ， absorbing teleplays， well-masterminded programmes， one can easily conclude that TV is a real bleing to the human society， offering affluent entertainment and information.Yet， convenient and helpful as it is， the television also brings negative effects.To begin with， TV makes people more paive than before： since everything on TV is ready-made， there is no space for audience\'s initiatives.The news has been carefully edited， teleplays well shot， programmes rehearsed， so all you need to do—and all you can do is to sit on a comfortable sofa and look at the screen.Though a lot of people enjoy doing this， the undoubted truth is that people are becoming more paive simply because there is no interaction and no efforts on them. Television also contributes to the fact that people nowadays are more distant to each other.Since most of our free time is taken away by the act of watching TV， we can no longer find enough time to visit friends， call on relatives or go to interesting places.This is also true within a family， parents and children and other members are le close to each other， because family get-togethers and conversations are disturbed by TV—when one member is watching TV， he would like ot

hers to keep quiet.Of course I am not denying the great conveniences and huge benefits the TV brings us，but to make it a really bleing to us，we should try to avoid its negative effects.错误！未找到引用源。错误！未找到引用源。 错误！未找到引用源。错误！未找到引用源。 To Lie or Not to Lie-----the Doctor’s Dilemma Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients, especially to the incurably（治不好地） ill and the dying? Doctors confront such choices often and urgently.Some people believe that doctors should lie for the patient’s own sake, and such lies differ from self-serving(自私的) ones.Others don’t agree.In my part, I think the doctors should not lie, and they should tell the truth to the patients.Firstly, studies show that an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illne, and feel betrayed when they learn that they been misled.We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illne: helps them tolerate pain better, need le medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Secondly, lies invade the autonomy of patients and render（致使） them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place.Thirdly, dying patients especially---who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark---can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they bring their affairs to a close and take leave.There is urgent need to debate this iue openly.Lies do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity 正直， （ 诚实）and, in the long run, to their credibility（可靠，可信）.Lies hurt the entire medical profeion.

推荐第5篇：专四作文真题

2010年专四作文真题: Should College Students Hire Cleaners? (大学生是否应该雇佣清洁工)——关于大学生的生活独立

Direction：

It is recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week.And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month.This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners.

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Should College Students Hire Cleaners? You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriatene.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a lo of marks.

写作指南：

这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。

历年类似考题：

2009Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?

2007Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?

2004Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?

1994TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

经典范文：

Should College Students Hire Cleaners?

According to a recent report, six university students hired cleaners to

clean their dorm and do their laundry every week.Although we have no right to tell them what to do with their money, as a university student

myself, I find this practice absurd.

For a start, away from our parents, it is in university that we learn to be independent adults.Cleaning the room and doing one’s laundry are the most basic living skills.If we always depend on others to take care of us, how can we survive when there is no one to help us? How can we take on any responsibility when we step into society?

For another, the practice reflects their flippant attitude towards money.The money they paid for the cleaners probably comes from their parents, who must be very depreed once they know the truth.It also sets a very bad precedent on campus.Other students may follow suit to show the

wealth of their families; or worse, they tend to think money can buy them anything in this world, which obviously is wrong.

All in all, I think we must do away with this practice.Otherwise, we may never appreciate the good value of money and an independent way of life.The better and sooner we can take care of ourselves, the more proud our parents will be.

推荐第6篇：专四作文万能开头

四大开头模板式写法

第一大模板法：

1.①引题+②一方观点+另一方观点+③我方观点

①引题：九大引题方法

一、在谈到„时，人们对这个充满争议的话题所持的观点各不相同。

① When talking about (it comes to / it refers to) _______, people’s opinion are divergent on such a controversial iue.

二、最近经常辩论的一个问题是：

① A much debated iue these day is whether…

① There is a pubic (general) debate (discuion / controversy) today (nowadays) on (about/over/as to) the problem (iue) of …

三、最近„的问题已经引起了人们广泛的关注。

① Recently the problem (iue) of ______ + has drawn (aroused) public (worldwide) attention.

或 + has caused (aroused) wide (general / considerable / international) concern.

四、近来„的问题已经广为天下人所知。

① Recently the iue (problem) of … has been in the limelight (brought into focus / brought to public attention / posed among the general public).

五、在过去的„年里， 很多城市面临了„的严重问题。

① In recent (past) years, many cities (nations / people) have been faced with (plagued with / troubled with / experienced / witneed / undergone) the (a / an) serious problem of (acute shortage of / alarming increase in) …

六、如今我们国家面临的最为紧迫的任务之一是„

① One of the burning (preing / urgent) problems facing (confronting / troubling) our nation (society / world / community) today is that…

七、现在很多人谈论的最热门的话题之一是„

① One of the biggest iues (hottest topics / most popular things / most serous problems) many people talk (complain) about now is …

八、随着

① With the rapid (marked / amazing) development (increase / improvement / expansion / growth / decline) of _____,

① With the general (growing / common) recognition (realization / acknowledgement) of ______,

① With he general (growing / common) interest in (concern over / enthusiasm for) ________,

① With ________ playing an increasingly big role in ______,

① With _______ attaching much importance to ______,

九： 如今有一种…趋势。

① Nowadays (Currently / Recently), there is a growing (unhealthy) tendency to (in / that) …

②一方观点 + 另一方观点：两大表述方法

一、一些人认为„,另一些人认为„.

② The vast (overwhelming) majority of people say (think / believe/ maintain/ hold) that …, while other people (others) claim (argue / insist) that …

② Most (Many / Quite a few /Some) people say (think / believe / maintain / hold) that, but other people (others) claim that …

② The vast (overwhelming) majority of people say (think / believe/ maintain/ hold) that …, but others view quite differently (but others think a bit differently / but others think that the opposite is true).They argue (claim) that …,

② The overwhelming majority would support that …, others, however, take the negative attitude.

二、反对者认为…, 拥护者认为…

② Those who criticize (oppose / object to) … argue that ….They believe that …, but people who advocate (favor) …, on the other hand, maintain (aert) that…

③ 我方观点

一、就我个人而言，我认为„

③ However, I firmly believe (hold/maintain) …

③ From the personal perspective, I prefer A than B as my inclination.

③ Personally, I am in favor of (support) the view (idea / opinion / argument) that…

二、agree / disagree型加入：我同意/不同意前/后者观点，我认为…

③ I agree /disagree with the former / latter.I hold (maintain / believe) that …

③ I approve / disapprove of the former / latter idea.I hold (maintain / believe) that…

③ I am (not) in favor of the former / latter idea.I hold (maintain / believe) that…

变体一：②一方观点+另一方观点+③我方观点一

变体二：①引题+③我方观点

第二大模板法：

④流行观点 + ③我方观点 (五大表述方法)

一、如今人们普遍认为„, 他们说„ + 我方观点

④ Now, it is commonly (generally / widely) believed (thought / held / accepted / felt / recognized / acknowledged) that … They claim ( believe / argue) that …+ For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行观点)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the iue, I hold (maintain / believe) …

二、如今经常听到的一种批评声音是…他们说… + 我不同意这种观点，原因如下。

④ A criticism often heard these days is that … They say that … I disagree with this point of view for the following two / three reasons.

三、对于公众来说… + 我方观点

④ To the general public, …For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行观点)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the iue, I hold (maintain / believe) …

四、关于这个问题，多数人说… + 我方观点

④ In response (reaction / answer ) to the event (phenomenon / idea / question), the majority of people say (think) … + For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行观点)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the iue, I hold (maintain / believe) …

五、近来我们一直听到关于…的说法。+ 我方观点

④ These days we often hear that … + For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行观点)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the iue, I hold (maintain / believe) …

第三大模板法：①引题 + ④流行观点 + ⑤提出质疑（四大质疑法）

一、①引题 + ④流行观点 + ⑤但是他们没有意识到„

①引题句型 + ④流行观点句型+ ⑤ But do they realize…?

二、①引题 + ④流行观点 + ⑤但是这种做法明智么？越来越多的人，包括我对此表示质疑。

①引题句型 + ④流行观点句型 + ⑤ But is it a fair (wise/reasonable) one? This way is now being questioned (challenged) by more people, including me.

三、①引题 + ④流行观点 + ⑤ 但是果真如此吗？仔细分析一下，就证明这种观点站不住脚。

①引题句型 + ④流行观点句型 + ⑤ But is it true? Close examination (analysis) doesn’t bear out (证实) the claim (view/argument).

四、①引题 + ④流行观点 + ⑤ 但是情况果真如此吗？我不认为,因为以下原因。

①引题句型 + ④流行观点句型 + ⑤ But is this really the case? I disagree for the following reasons.

第四大模板法： ①引题 + ⑥ 让步转折句 （五大转折法）

一、①引题 + ⑥ 的确„，不过„

①引题句型 + ⑥ It is true that …, but …

二、①引题 + ⑥ 似乎 „, 不过„

①引题句型 + ⑥ It seems that …, but …

三、①引题 + ⑥ 不可否认的是„, 不过„

①引题句型 + ⑥ It is undeniable that …, but … / Undeniably, …, but …

四、①引题 + ⑥ 但是尽管„, 几乎没有证据证明„

①引题句型 + ⑥ But although (Admittedly,) …, there is no (little) evidence.

it is questioned (doubted) that …

五、①引题 + ⑥ 但是尽管„, 我还是认为„

①引题 + ⑥ Although …, I believe one should …

注：开头段落提出观点可以出现各种格的“我”，但之后的段落不要使用 “I” “me” “my” “we” “us” “our”!

推荐第7篇：专四作文讲义精要

专四作文讲义精要

大作文

一， 作文基本框架： 开头段落3-4句

中间段落结构：观点句1+paraphrase+例证

观点句2+paraphrase+例证

观点句3+paraphrase+例证

结尾段落：结尾客套句 + 结尾总结句 + 结尾延伸句

二， 各部分框架常用模板：

 开头段：现象引入句 + 他人观点对比句 + 自己主题句 句型总结： 1 引入句：

Nowadays, it is a heatedly discued topic that… When asked about …

Recently, there is a general debate on whether…

Should …? Opinions to this attitude vary greatly from person to person.There is no denying the fact that…

The 年代

saw an unprecedented tide of ….As more people focus on … sth has begun to draw more and more attention from the public.In recent years, …… This phenomenon has become a subject of widespread controversy.

2 他人观点对比句：

The majority of people believe that… while others regard that… A number people claim that… while some others argue that…

3 表明自己立场句：

Weighing up these two arguments, I am in favor of… For my part,…

As for me,…

I am in favor of the view that… Personally,…

 中间段落发展句型： 1 阐释原因句型： 现象原因组合句：

The latest surveys indicate that …. There are several reasons accounting for this occurrence.For one thing,…..For another,….In addition, ….

单独解释原因句：

…..for the simplest reason that … Due to ….

2 引出理由或者论据句: The reasons for my views mainly lie in the following … aspects.There exist certain factors accounting for my views.

3 举例论证说明句：

There are numerous examples supporting this argument.,,, is a typical example of… A good case in point is …

A good example to illustrate is….For another example, …..

4 说明好处或影响 4.1 引出好处或影响：

Undoubtedly, … can benefit a lot from No doubt, … have brought us great convenience and pleasure.It is obvious that ….is favorable to…

4.2 列举好处或影响：

It provides more people with….It/They broaden… and cultivate their….Moreover, … tends to bring some unexpected surprise, such as… Besides, it helps strengthen… and enhance…

5 说明危害 5.1 引出危害：

…have brought about considerable negative effects on… … bring great harm to…

However, the use of … is extremely harmful in many ways.… are likely to lead to very serious results.It suffers from the disadvantage that…

5.2 列举危害：

… puts a heaven burden on…

… too much, which is unfavorable to… … which migh mislead…

… which brings more difficulties for…

… not only work against other interests but also does harm to himself.Even worse, … might lose control of…

… have killed …, destroyed…., and wiped out ….If ….., … will suffer great loes and might lose… , which in turn influence….

… are so induldged in… that….… are so addicted to….That

 结尾段落句型

结尾客套句 + 结尾总结句 + 结尾延伸句

结尾客套句：

From what has been discued above，we may reasonably arrived at the conclusion that….Taking into account all these factors，we may reasonably arrived at the conclusion that….Judging from all evidence offered，we may reasonably arrived at the conclusion that….结尾总结句：

对首段结尾主题句的paraphrase (略)

结尾延伸句：

1 说明方法或者建议句： 1.1 引出方法 But then how to….The following measures can be taken to ….Therefore, it’s high time that we took effective measures to …

Considering the seriousne of the problem, it is neceary that we college students….

1.2 具体阐述方法和建议

First, …..should…., which is the precondition of….Second, ….is an effective way to…..In addition, … is indispensable to…

Besides, more….should be trained and more….should be built up so as to….To… is not an easy task.And it requires the concerted efforts of all….There is no immediate solution to the problem of….But …might be quite helpful and beneficial.No easy method can solve the prolem of….in short time.But the ….might be the first step on the right way.

2 警示句：

If we ignore the problem, it is very likely that…

No doubt, if we can’t change/control/improve the situation, there is every chance that ….We must search for a quick action, because the current situation of …, if permitted to continue, will surely lead to the end/heavy cost of…

Therefore, … is not a neceity, but a must.

便条

1 熟记格式和扣分点 日期写法：

• 月份写法：除

五、

六、七月外，均可用简写： • Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.• 日期最一般的写法是： • “月，日（基数），年 • 例Dec.15, 2003

• 若有星期则加在最前面 称呼写法：

• 对一定社会距离，不熟悉的人：

•

Dear Madam, Dear Sir, Dear President, Dear Mr.Smith • 对相识的人： •

Dear Shirley 结尾客套语：

• 和正文隔开1-2行 • 位置偏右 • 后加逗号 • 礼貌程度：

• 正式的：Faithfully yours, Truly yours, • 一般情况： Yours, 卷面布局：

• 向右靠：时间，结尾客套语，署名 • 向左靠：称呼

• 中心：建议段首空四个字符，两端对齐 • 结尾客套语和署名不能写在同一行

2 各个应用功能

2.1邀请，拒绝，建议， 2.2祝贺，安慰，询问 2.3道歉，致谢，请求 2.4通知，广告，启事 2.5请假，留言，推荐

练习原则：熟练把握每种便条的固定内容和句型。不犯低级拼写错误和语法失误。

推荐第8篇：人物描写小作文专练

单元片断作文专练：人物描写

母题典范

材料1：小新背双腿瘫痪的同学小牧到一公里外的学校上学，从小学五年级到现在高中一年级，一背就是6年1000多个日子。

根据材料1，描写背同学上学的情景。

注意：

①体会人物的思想品质和“材料1”所提供的条件，设想小新同学上学的情景。想象要合理。

②重点写小新，用什么人称都可以。

③重点在行动描写，也可适当运用其它表达方式。

④200字左右。

解答本题有以下几点失误：

失误一：想象不合理。

失误二：以叙述替代描写手法。

失误三：没有按题目要求进行描写。

示例：小新来到了小牧家，帮他背好书包，又将小牧慢慢扶起，然后弯下腰，好让小牧趴在自己背上。出了门，凹凸不平的地面更增加了小新的难度，他向前方看了看，大步向前走去。他不停地抽出一只手来用袖子抹一把脸上的汗珠，又不时把小牧向上托一托，好让他舒服一些。小牧让他停下歇歇，他笑笑说：“不用了，我不累。”而小牧却感到了越来越慢的步伐和越来越粗的喘息。终于到校了，小新安置好小牧，擦了擦被汗水渗入而生疼的眼睛就去上课了。

知识展台

人物描写是在作品中对人物的描写。人物描写的目的是刻画人物的性格，表现人物的精神面貌，这同时也能更深刻地表达文章的中心。人物描写应力求具体生动，能做到绘声绘色地再现“人物”，让读者如见其人，如闻其声。人物描写的基本方法可分为5种：肖像描写（又称外貌描写）、语言描写、动作描写、心理描写和神态描写。人物活动包括外部情态（外貌、行动、语言）和内心世界，二者是有机的统一体。

【探究思路】

要写好人物，就必须注重观察。生活中，我们每天都要和许许多多的人交往：在家庭中，有父母和其他亲人；在学校，有老师和同学；在大街上，遇到的人就更多。我们要观察他们外部情态的特征性表现，进而深入他们的内心，了解他们的思想性格，学习长处，获取启示。要写好人物有以下几点必须注意：

（1）要刻画肖像。

肖像描写是指对人物长相体态、衣着打扮、神态表情、姿势声音以及生理特征等的描写。描写时应抓住人物外形的特征，体现出人物性格，并与人物的社会地位、身份、年龄、职业、性格等吻合，忌面面俱到。

例如《祝福》中对祥林嫂眼睛的三处集中描写：

初到鲁镇“年纪约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。模样还周正，手脚都壮大，又只是顺着眼。”

二到鲁镇“仍然头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，脸色青黄，只是两颊上已经消失了血色，顺着眼，眼角上带些泪痕，眼光也没有先前那样精神了。”

三到鲁镇“五年前的花白的头发，即今已经全白，全不像四十上下的人；脸上瘦弱不堪，黄中带黑，而且消尽了先前悲哀的神色，仿佛是木刻的；只有那眼珠间或一轮，还可以表示她是一个活物。”

三次描写，反映了人物不同阶段的人生境遇。

（2）要注意细节描写。

记叙离不开描写,但是,并不是所有的描写都能产生动人的魅力,只有那些抓住一点精雕细刻的细节描写才能给人以视觉和情感的强烈冲击。它是各种人物描写手法的细微化、放大化、定格化。

《红楼梦》中有一个非常著名的细节描写，刘姥姥到大观园进餐，凤姐和鸳鸯故意寻开心，为她准备了一双四楞象牙金筷子，让她去夹那小巧圆滑的鸽子蛋，刘姥姥本来准备大吃一顿，却无从下筷子，便站起身来说了句不得体的逗乐话：“老刘，老刘，食量大如牛，吃一头老母猪，不抬头。”便鼓着腮不语。众人先是发怔，后来一听，上上下下哈哈大笑起来。接下来就有一段细节刻画每个人的笑态：史湘云撑不住，一口饭喷了出来；林黛玉笑岔了气，伏着桌子喊“哎哟”；宝玉早滚到贾母怀里，贾母笑得搂着宝玉叫心肝；王夫人笑得指着凤姐儿，说不出话；薛姨妈也撑不住，口里的茶喷了探春一裙子；探春手里的饭碗合在迎春身上；惜春离了坐位，拉着他奶母叫揉揉肠子。地下的无一个不弯腰屈背，也有躲出去蹲着笑的，也有忍着笑替姊妹换衣服的，独有凤姐、鸳鸯撑着还只管让着刘姥姥。这段描写，有主有次，有细描，有泛写，每人一种姿态，一人一副笑墨。湘云笑得爽快，毫无拘节；黛玉笑得娇媚，柔弱中现出节制。每个人都表现出不同的性格特点，表现出不同的地位。

（3）要有一定的心理描写。

心理描写就是对人物内心的思想情感活动进行描写。描写人物的思想活动，能反映人物的性格，展示人物的内心世界。通过对人物心理的描写，能够直接深入人物心灵，揭示人物的内心世界，表现人物丰富而复杂的思想感情。

心理描写常有以下几种表达方式：

内心独白、动作暗示、景物烘托、心理概述。

综合训练

1.《鸿门宴》中的“项庄舞剑，意在沛公”是一个经典的片段。请发挥想象，用生动形象的语言再现当时的情景。要求⑴站在项庄的角度，使用第一人称；⑵有语言描写、动作描写和心理描写；⑶语言简明、连贯、得体。⑷不少于200字。 附：庄则入为寿。寿毕，曰：“君王与沛公饮，军中无以为乐，请以剑舞。”项王曰：“诺。”项庄拔剑起舞，项伯亦拔剑起舞，常以身翼沛公，庄不得击。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.将“今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸，晓风残月”（柳永《雨霖铃》）扩写成不少于200字的短文。要求不改变原词意境，运用拟人手法，应有心理活动描写。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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3.下面这首诗的每一句都可以想像成一个电影镜头，前两个镜头的脚本已写出，请续写后两个。要求：①按照诗意来设计场景和人物的神态动作；②想像合理；③每个镜头脚本的字数不少于40字。

采莲子

[唐]皇甫松

船动湖光滟滟秋，贪看年少信船流。

无端隔水抛莲子，遥被人知半日羞。

[场景]湖边。采莲船上。

[人物]采莲女，小伙子，女伴。

镜头一：秋日湖上，波光粼粼。一位美丽的姑娘驾着采莲船从荷花丛中划出。左右顾盼。

镜头二：忽见岸上有位英俊少年。姑娘悄然心动，痴痴地看着他，竟忘记了摇桨，任凭船儿飘荡。

镜头三：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________镜头四：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4．苏轼《浣溪沙》：“簌簌衣巾落枣花，村南村北响缫车。牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。酒困路长惟欲睡，日高人渴漫思茶，敲门试问野人家。”

将这首词的上阕扩写成不少于150字的短文。要求不改变原词意境，运用拟人手法，应有心理活动描写。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.钟声，陪伴着我们的学习、生活和成长，你是否对它情有独钟？请以“段考结束的钟声”为描写对象，写一段文字，写出人们对钟声的期盼和感受。200字左右。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.最后一堂法语课上完了，小弗朗士有什么表现呢？续写《最后一课》，要求中心一致，人物形象一致，300字左右。题目自拟。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7．“挤车”的经历想必都有，请描述一次挤车场景，要求使用两种修辞，运用点面结合的手法，不少于150字。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.鲁迅在《祝福》中对祥林嫂的眼睛的刻画堪称经典，请仿照《祝福》中作者对人物的刻画，写自己熟悉的身边人。要求：

（1）抓住人物眼睛的描写；

（2）突出人物的某一特点；

（3）运用恰当的修辞；

（4）不少于150字。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案：

1.【解析】这是一道源自教材的生活场景描写题，要求我们在读懂原文的基础上进行合理的联想与想象。再现的内容首先要忠实原文情节；其次，动作描写与心理描写应体现在项庄与项伯的交涉中。

答案：我走进帐中，为项王与沛公敬酒祝寿。我瞟了沛公一眼，对项王说：“君王，军中没有什么助兴，请允许我舞一段剑，如何？”项王说：“好！”沛公一听，眼角露出一丝惊异，众人露出期待的神色。我猛吸一口气，倒提宝剑，时而“白鹤亮翅”，时而“拦腰绝气”，时而“猛虎下山”„„我的剑锋总是有意无意地靠近沛公，沛公时而瞋目蹙眉，时而脸色煞白。突然，我的叔父项伯也起身拔剑，并说：“不如一起来！”我暗暗叫苦。顿时，帐营中两剑齐舞，铮铛作响。我找机会靠近沛公，但叔父始终在掩护沛公，伸展身姿，如鸟翅张开。只见那沛公早已魂飞魄散，酒杯微颤。我最终无从下手。

2.示例：酒醒了，睁开双眼，江岸遍是杨柳。秋风瑟瑟，杨柳依依，一艘小船静静的停靠在江岸边，轻轻荡着涟漪的江水悄无声息地向东流去，江面上缭绕着的全是雾霭。醒了吗？为何还感觉得到那深深的哀愁？为何心口还依然隐隐作痛？为何眼前还依然晃动着如此熟悉的身影?为何耳边还依然回响着温柔的话语？醉了吗？为何只有一弯淡淡的残月默默地挂在西边的天际？为何残月下面只有那一望无际的笼罩着薄雾的江水？晓风迎面吹来，轻轻飘拂的柳枝把我从记忆深处唤醒，请留下，请别走！

3.示例：湖水滟滟起波，姑娘心里也荡起层层波澜。突然，姑娘抓起一把莲子，向那岸上的小伙子抛掷过去。

没想到抛莲子的逗情举动远远被人看见了，多难为情啊！姑娘红着脸，低着头，羞惭了大半天。

4．示例：正当枣树扬花的季节，那枣花金灿灿，虽然细小，却香味袭人，从枣林穿过，飘落的枣花会洒人满头满身。枣花落到衣巾上，发出阵阵簌簌的声音。枣花落在衣巾上的声音是虽然轻微的，但在我的耳里却是那么真切。桑叶沃若，春蚕已经收获，此刻家家都在煮蚕，空气中飘浮着煮蚕的奇香。从村南村北传来缫车的响声，那肯定是一幅繁忙的景象吧。古柳树下，一位衣裳简朴的老农正歇担休息，他挑着黄瓜游乡叫卖。

5.空气像凝结般的安静，沉重。此刻，没有了鸟叫，没有了球场上学生的欢笑，没有生物敢接近这死寂之城──学校正进行着学生最痛恨的段考。等待着„„等待着„„那一声下课钟敲醒了学校往日的生气。整个学校活了起来。枯燥的钟声像是流行音乐，一切事物都像注入生命之泉，连黑板上的“应到人数”都飞舞了起来。花正极尽所能的绽放着，想在这场派对中参上一脚。篮球、排球纷纷出场，阳光肆无忌惮的散播它的热情，学生额上水龙头般的汗水不是辛劳，而是享受„„鸟来了，花笑了，学生们的欢笑声又充满了整个学校。

6.放学后，我走过布告牌

“散学了，你们走吧。”韩麦尔先生无力的靠着墙。我收起课本，望着韩麦尔先生，心中一阵悲伤。“快走，快走。”站在门外的普鲁士兵疯狂的叫嚷着。我夹者书包，走出了韩麦尔先生的小院子。“最后一堂法语课我是不会忘记的，法国的语言我是不会忘记的。”我心理暗暗发誓。

回家的路上，看见镇公所的布告牌又贴上了新布告，周围站了很多人。又有什么坏消息？我愤愤的想，挤进人群。“天啦，真不能相信，普鲁士兵要销毁所有的法语书籍，包括法语教材。”我心理充满了仇恨：“这些坏蛋，为什么要消灭我们的语言。为什么？”

忽然，我想起了先生的那句话：亡了国当了奴隶的人民，只要牢牢记住他们的语言，就好象拿着一把打开监狱的钥匙。“对，我要牢牢记住我们的语言。”

我夹者书包，跑到林边，看见许多普鲁士兵正在烧毁法语书籍。我暗暗骂道：“你们这些刽子手们，你们会得到报应的。”

我来到河对岸的一棵小树下，见四处没人，就动手挖了一个小坑。我从书包里拿出课本，轻轻地抚摩着，揉揉书角，把它放在胸前，嘴里祈祷着：“上帝保佑，请留下这法语之种吧。”我慢慢把书平放在坑里，盖上土，轻轻地踏平，再盖上几块瓦片，最后用刀在树上做了记号。我耳边响起了先生的叮嘱：“可怜的阿尔萨斯人啊，不要忘记了我们的语言。”放心吧，韩麦尔先生，我发誓：我决不会忘记祖国的语言——复国斗争的火焰已经在我胸中燃烧。

7．车来了，还没停稳，几个青年人凭着力大气粗占据了有利位置，直往车内挤。几个手脚敏捷的小伙子像猴一样左跳右跃，“嗖”的一声蹿上去，霸住了车门。一大堆人正拼命地拥挤着，只见一只只白皙的手、古铜色的手、粗糙的手、柔软的手，本能地向前伸，本能地挥舞着，都希望抓住车门。（面）一位胖大嫂粗而短的右腿刚踏上车阶，左脚便不停地往外蹬，她使出吃奶的劲儿用力地扭动着肥胖的身躯，一双臃肿的大手拼命地抓住车门扶手。任凭她怎么努力，结果那屁股还是被车门狠狠地挤压了一下，疼得直叫“我的妈”。（点）挤车可真是一场不同寻常的战斗呀！

8.我的表妹今年5岁了，别看她才5岁，可有时候我都说不过她，得让她三分。表妹很可爱，胖嘟嘟的脸上有两个小酒窝。有时候我们对她笑，她就会说：“我知道你们笑什么，你们在笑我的酒窝。”说着，就用胖乎乎的手指捅捅她的酒窝，很得意的样子。表妹最招人喜欢的地方是她的眼睛，她的黑眼珠特别大，几乎占满了真个眼睛，而且漆黑漆黑的，仿佛看不到底。当她对你有什么要求时，就用两只眼睛企求地望着你，你的心一下就软了，她要什么就给什么。

推荐第9篇： TEM4 composition and note.专四作文

Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?

Although cars have brought us much convenience, many people have begun to realize that they are the source of trouble as well, in that the cars, especially the private cars, not only can lead to the traffic problem, but also has been a major source of pollution.As a result, as to the pollution tax on private cars, to my knowledge, the tax should be collected to call cars’ owners’ attention to the pollution.

First and foremost, tax collection on the private cars can effectively keep within limits to the people’s purchasing power on private cars.Since China has such a large population, the popularization of private cars will only bring about more serious pollution.Therefore, once we are in control of the number of the private cars, the surroundings polluted by vehicle exhaust can be improved effectively and efficiently.In addition, if the owners of private cars are collected tax for pollution and the tax is decided by the emiion levels of cars, the owners will try various devices to reduce the cars’ emiion, for example renewal some parts of cars regularly and cleaning those machines and so on.These measures can significantly reduce the poisonous gas emiion.

To sum up, tax collection on private car owners for pollution can make people think twice to buy a appropriate car and urge them to maintain cars regularly.Consequently, I firmly approve to tax private car owners for pollution.

April 19

Dear Amy,

If you do not have other plans during the summer vacation, I’d like to invite you to my home town to spend our holiday.My home town, Jinan, has a lot of sightseeing places in summer.You could travel the Daming Lake and Baotu Spring and taste numerous good foods.I am looking forward to the happy time when we will meet and have a good time together in my home town.Besides, if you intend to visit my home town ,you can take a train from your home town to Jinan.Then I will pick up you at the Jinan Railway Station.

Yours,

Victoria

推荐第10篇：2003年专四作文真题

2003年专四作文真题：The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

（保持好心情的重要性）——关于身心健康

Direction：

People in modern society live under a lot of preure, from education, career, or family.So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriatene.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a lo of marks.

写作指南：

这是一篇属于给定明确观点型的作文。一般情况下，考题先提出一个话题，并给定了关于这个话题的一种明确的观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点作为文章的中心思想（论点）进行论证。写这类作文的关键在于是否能很好地论证这一明确的观点。

历年类似考题：

2001 Travel Broadens the Mind

2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities

范文：

The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

With the development of modern science, technology and economics, our living standard has reached an ever higher level.But more and more people are living under greater preure than ever before.As a consequence, people are increasingly suffering from various distortions both physically and mentally.To help out, it is important that everyone keep a good mood today.

There are several reasons for my argument.First, a good mood can create high efficiency.When you work with a good mood, you will feel happy and be willing to do some work which used to be boring.On the contrary, a bad mood can make you paive and do things with reluctance.Second, a good mood is beneficial to your health.If you fail to keep a good mood, you will be feeling depreed and fed up, which is apt to cause some psychological diseases.Third, when you have a good mood, other people around you will be influenced.Thus more and more people will feel happy to communicate with you.

To sum up, keeping a good mood is very important both for yourself and for the people around you.If you want to have a happy and succeful life, please keep a good mood every day.

第11篇：专四听写和作文评分标准

专四听写和作文评分标准

听写评分原则

1.1.听写共分15小节，每节1分，扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。大错误下面画线。小错误用圆圈表示，重复错误用三角记号表示。

2.2.每节最多扣1分。

3.3.重复错误，仅扣一次分。

4.4.错误共分两类：小错误（minor mistakes）和大错误（major mistakes），分别扣0.25分和0.5分。

A.A.小错误： 1）单词拼写错一到两个字母。例： steadily → staedily； harbor → habor 两个字母以下的词、次序颠倒算小错。

2）2）标点符号错误（含大小写）。例： World War I → world war one , and then adopted → .And then adopeted

3) 3)冠词、单复数错误。例： until the beginning → until beginning;parent → parents

4）4）小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次：扣0.5分；出现三次： 扣0.5分后留作总计；出现四次：扣1分。

5）5）未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计2 ~ 4 个：扣0.5分累计5 ~ 8 个：扣1分。

B.大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计）、大移位、时态错误，每个错误扣0.5分。例： loved → love；task — test； trip — trap； flee — flea；have finished — finsh（ed）5.一些特例的扣分标准：下列情况不扣分： World War I → World War One race car → racecar well-balanced → well balanced 90 percent → 90% 6.总分只有0.5分时，以1分计算；其余总分中如含小数点的，小数舍去，保留整数，如12.5 → 12；7.5 → 7 7.空白卷一律打0分

一、四级作文的要求、评分标准及评卷实例

(一)四级考试对作文的要求

《大学英语考试大纲》明确规定：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个的短文：写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定隋景，或给段首句续写；或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。

(二)四级考试作文评分原则。评分标准和评卷实例

1．评分原则．

四级考试作文采用总体评分(GLOBAL SCORING)的方法，即把内容和语言作为一个统一体进行综合评判。主要是看内容是否切题，表达是否充分，所用语言是否能清楚而明确地表达思想。评卷人员根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分（REWARD SCORES），并不是按语言点错误的多少扣分。

2．评分标准

作文题满分为15分。

阅卷标准共分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。

2分——条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分——基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。

8分——基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。

11分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

14分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。

0分——白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。

阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数档次(如8分)相似，即定为(8分)，若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分(9分)或减一分(7分)，但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：

110--119词：扣1分； 100--109词：扣2分；90--99词：扣3分；80--89分：扣5分： 50以下词：扣9分

*作文最低分： 6分

题目： Bicycles: An Important Means of Transport in China

提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及

（2）和汽车的比较（3）自行车在中国的前途 Score: 14

Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people --man and woman, old and young--ride theft bicycles to work and study.That is why China is called \"the kingdom of bicycles.\"

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways.First, they are cheap,

convenient and easy to ride.Second, riding bicycle is good for health.Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution.Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive.They

consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car.Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.

In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is a developing country, and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions.It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.

Score: 11

There millions of bicycles in today’s China.Bicycles are very important means of

transport in people\' s daily lives.Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider\' s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable for China as a

developing country.And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has.On the countary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.

I think the population of China\' s bicycle will be kept for the long run.Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it\' s quality will be improved.

Score: 8

Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.

The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesn\'t ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land.It isn\' t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it.It doesn\' t need any oil, and it can\' t cause the polusion.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.

In the future, bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modem bicycles.

Score: 5

Perhaps the amount of bicycle in China is the largest in the world.Why was it so widely used in China? I thought the answer was: the population in China is too large and the price of bicycle is much cheaper.The third answer is that the bicycle is easier in using than other transportations.

Comparing with the car, the bicycle is cheaper and it is easier in using than the car, but its speed is lower than that of the car.

The bicycle will be remained for a long time in China but in the end it will be disappeared with the improval of people\' s living level.

Scoer: 2

As every body know, China a big developing country.So, the living standard of people not very high at present people\' s income is not enough for they to buy cars motorcycles.And bike is easy to ride.Bicycle is cheaper be made.And I think bicycle the useful tool of tsansport in China now.So, it is quite porpular and wildly used in China\'s cities and country sides than the personal transportation-tool.

Bike is a kind of clean tools of transport.It not use gas and other energers.For this reason it not creat polution.But in fact in any way Bicycle is not advanced than car.If it is raining, the rider will suffer from wet, on the other hand, bike can not carry much goods.

According to the our country\' s developing rate.I firmly believe that Bicycle will replaced by car or motorcycle in that nearly future.But undoubtfully it continue the important means of transport in China for a long time.

Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

Outline:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法 Score: 14

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.

Some people think we should read selectively? They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impoible for us to read all the books.What\'s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn\'t read them.Since we can\'t read all the books and we shouldn\'t read bad books, we must read selectively.

But others may not agree.They emphasize that today\'s society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge he\'ll have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be usele.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.

Who\'s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we shouldread extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.

Score: 11

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as

many as bad books.Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way.So they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge.Even the best book only contains one field of

information.So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”.So they believe that reading extensively is better.

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as poible.By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

Score: 8

Some people think reading shall be choosed.Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful to people.

Some people think that men shoud read books widely.Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge.And man can use it to change the world.

It is my point that reading must be selectively.Because reading is important to man.Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime.It can be seen in the

newspapers and watched on TV.We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge.It can make our life more beautiful.We must give up those unhelpful books.They are not good to us.Reading them is wasting time and money.Soreading selectively is an important part in reading.

Score:5

I think reading not only selectively but also extensively.Because the two sides are not

contradict．Our time is limited．So we can not read every book in the world．However, we will not be interested in every book．We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like．But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge，news and so on，it also make ours become a wise man．0n the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted．Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read．On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life．They are all useful to ours．

Score: 2

Most people thought that read books should have been selectived.But others belived reading extentively was correction.

Selective books or reading extensively?

Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,

on one hand, There are too book to read for us.We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for us.

on another hand, Someone\' s intresting was wide.Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn\' t reading at only one level.

I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren\'t wise.

As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us.Don\' t treat these books with rackle abandon.The best technology of reading is connect.

第12篇：专四作文真题端午节

2012年专四作文真题:端午节

题目 The Dragon Boat Festival 说明 The Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)is one of the important national festivals in China.Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic The Dragon Boat Festival First, you should tell what you know about the festival Second, you should describe how you or other people usually observe the festival Marks will be awarded for content, organization language and appropriatene Failure to follow the instructions may result in a lo of marks 要求

1.in the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement 2.in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details 3.in the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.字数：200满分：100分

范文

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the

Chinese calendar.This festival is to commemorate the death of QU Yuan, an upright and honest poet and statesman who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.The most important activity of this festival is the Dragon Boat races.It symbolizes people\'s attempts to rescue Qu Yuan.In the current period, these races also demonstrate the virtues of cooperation and teamwork.Besides, the festival has also been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice).Zong zi is made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves.People who mourned the death of Qu threw Zong zi into the river to feed his ghost every year.With the changes of the times, the memorial turns to be a time for protection from evil and disease for the rest of year.People will hang healthy herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house.Although the significance of the festival might be different with the past, it still gives the observer an opportunity to glimpse a part of the rich Chinese cultural herita

第13篇：法语专四作文看图写作

Rédaction-写作

一．看图作文分类：

1.看图表及数据写作（应用文）

2.看漫画写故事（记述文）

3.看漫画写作（议论文）

二．图表作文提纲：

模板：

第一段：（描述图表）① 总的趋势 ② 图表具体描述（趋势，走向，峰值，纵横对比）

第二段：（揭示内涵并解释原因）③剖析图表所揭示的含义 ④理由一 ⑤ 理由二 ⑥理由三

第三段：⑦总结

范文：

标题（图表主题）

Selon le graphique, nous remarquons que ..........（图表整体趋势）.Il y a une augmentation de .........（图表细节）.Par raport à.........,.........a atteint son sommet de .....(数据或变化).........a augmenter / baier de .............reste stable .....

Qu’est –ce qui a provoquer ces changements ? Il y a plusieurs causes .Tout d’habord ,..........（原因一）.Et puis ,……………（原因二）.En suite ,...........（原因三）.Finalement,.........（最后一个原因）.

En’ un mot / D’après moi ,..........（进一步谈论更多个人想法）.

三．写故事作文提纲：

模板：

第一段：故事背景，主人公出场。

第二段：故事矛盾出现，寻求解决办法，矛盾终于解决

第三段：大团圆结局/悲惨结局

PS：注意过去时态的合理使用以及connecteurs logiques 还有时间状语的使用。 范文：

标题（几字故事梗概）

Il était une fois..........C’etais un beau temps.......

Tout à coup/ brusquement .....Enfin .........

Heureusement .................

四．漫画作文提纲：（重点）

模板：

第一段：描述漫画内容，揭示漫画内涵。

第二段：简评漫画可取以及谬误之处，并阐述该现象出现原因，可举例说明。

第三段：阐述自己观点，提出建议。

范文：

标题（简明扼要，寓意深刻）

La caricature nous présente un phénomène extrêmement commun et signifiant ,auquel on doit profondément réfléchir ..........(漫画画了什么，揭示了什么现象,加以简单个人评价)

Avec le développement de société moderne , les gens n’a pas attacher suffisammentl’importance à........(A是重要的，同时我们不能忽视B)，（B能给我们带来...使我们...） Selon moi/ D’après moi , en ce qui concerne .....nous devrons....

En un mot / bref ,.........(一句话总结漫画寓意)

第14篇：专四作文结构万能公式

专四作文结构万能公式

开头万能公式

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：

A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that„ 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，但是不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that „ 结尾万能公式

1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结

让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politene and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that„, Therefore, we can find that„ 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

第15篇：专四答案

What is a dream for

One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires.We do not expre these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society.Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life.We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution.This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming.If

you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk.Dreams organize the events of the day into folders and delete what is not needed.But we all know that very little of what we dream is concerned with what happened to us that day.

听力：

1.A.presents28.B had failed to co2.B sweet potatoesver all the pilots3.C she had been invited4.A she wanted to know 29.C because it may 5.D is increasinghelp6.A Wednesday7.C.30.A balance mail the women8.C 完型 Lack of9.A 31.D wouldprospective32.A nor10.____33.C look after11.D Southern34.B By means of12.C Eastern13A 35.D as much asNorthern parts14.D 36.C thoughmore useful information37.B how15.Ailliteracy38.A persons16.B starting to carry 39.C exists40.B way17.B technology141.D larger8.D yellow42.C goes up19.A throwing43.A But20.Cvisiting44.D always21.Ddigital textbooks 45.B whoare used46.B form22.B247.C too23.A TSA agents48.D collected24.D The security49.B like25.B smoking50.B fairer 26.C to get patients o ccupied单选51.C his27.B to prevent pilots52.__

53.B Deadline

54.A Lucy insisted55.C many

56.B Victoria likes57.D quarter

58.C The school pupils 59.A politics are60.AThe arrival61.B Tony hit 62.D I wish63.A were to

64.B Carele reading65.A remain66.C Adjusting67.A dull

68.B I couldn\'t understand

69.D did up70.A credit

71.C as far as one can see

72.C point73.D much

74.A if an accident happens

75.C deliver76.C building77.B definite78.D blast

79.B refrained from80.A brightly

阅读：

81.C it plays

82.A Speeches at world 83.

C to advise people 84.D it comes from

85.B The many uses

86.D saw an

87.A snowboarders

88.C he borrowed money

from a mortage 89.B He promised90.part of fashion91.B they had lost 92.Desperate93.__94.A Her friends valued 95.C Understanding gained is96.D determination97.A there were98.A Habit is key99.D techniques to supplement100.A strees the neural

第16篇：专四近义词

arouse, rouse

这组词均含有“唤醒，引起”的意思，两者往往可以通用。

rouse

一般作及物动词，有时也可用作不及物动词。

arouse

只作及物动词：

The fire roused the people from their sleep.大火把人们从睡梦中惊醒。

We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation.我们必须唤醒他们起来为自己的解放而斗争。

shake, tremble, quake, shiver, quaver

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

shake

适用范围广，可用于人也可用于物。该词所表示的动作的方向既可以是水平的也可以是垂直的。

tremble

专门用于表示人体轻微、迅速地振动，特别是当人激动、怯懦、寒冷、疲惫时不自觉地发抖。

quake

可用来代替tremble，常表示剧裂震动，如地震等，也可表示人因天气寒冷发抖或因愤怒等强烈情绪而内心震动。

shiver

意为“颤抖，哆嗦”，特指因寒冷或恐惧而打寒战，多用于人。

quaver

有时表示不规则的震动或波动，尤其表示某些具有扰乱结果的震动或波动，它常常强调颤抖，特别是激动的情感对声音与言辞的影响。

To be shaken before taking.(药瓶标签用语)服前摇匀。

Her hands trembled with eagerne as she opened the letter.她拆信时，急得双手发抖。

His accusing hand stiffly extended, quaking in mute condemnation.他那控诉的手僵硬地伸出去，在无声的谴责中颤抖。

She is shivering with cold so that her teeth are chattering.她冷得直哆嗦，牙齿咯咯作响。

The breeze set the flames of the street lamps quavering.街灯在微风中摇曳着。

subject, name, title, topic

subject

意为“题目，主题”，既可以指文章、谈话、演讲等的“主要内容，主要涉及对象”，又可以指文章或演讲等的“具体名称，标题”。subject还可指学科、科目。

name

意为“名字，姓名，名称”，一般只用于人、动物或地方。

title

意为“名称，标题”，一般用于具体印发的作品、书籍。另外，一篇文章的题目如果是印出来了，那么既可以用subject又可以用title,如果在印发之前，就不能用title而要用subject,另外，title还可以作“称号，头衔”讲。

topic

一般译为“话题”，多为谈话、辩论、演讲、作文的题目。

The subject of their conversation was the war.他们谈话的主要内容是战争。

What’s the name of the film?电影的名字是什么?

The title of the article is In Search of Silence.文章的题目是“寻寂”。

Here are some topics for discuion.下面是一些讨论题目。

recall, remember, remind, recollect

这组词都有“(使„)想起”之意。

recall

意为“想起”，强调有意识地去“回忆，回想”，常与can, could等词连用，强调一次性回忆。

remember

表示“想起”，指事物自然地在记忆中出现，不强调努力或意志。

remind

表示“使„想起”，指人受到一定媒介的启发或提醒而慢慢地唤起对往事的记忆，常用在remind sb.of sth.的结构中。

recollect

意为“回想”，指把已经遗忘的事情重新想起，强调回忆过程。

I can’t recall having met him before.我记不起以前曾见到过他。

I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆了。

Your telling me that story reminds me of another.你给我讲的故事使我想起了另一个故事。

She thought back and tried to recollect the exact wording of the letter.她回忆着，试图回想起那封信的准确字眼。

range, reach, scope, compa, scale

这是一组表示“范围”的名词，其侧重点各有不同。

range

代表的是一个可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。

reach

特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离，其比喻含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。

scope

指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围”以及所掌握、控制的“面积”。scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即“眼界，见识”。

compa

在意义上与scope相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力的“界限，范围”。

scale

特指刻度、标度的范围，也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围：

The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鸟飞入了我的视野。

Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把药放到孩子们够不到的地方!

Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗?

Construction is not within the compa of the department.工程建设不属这个部门管辖。

This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade.温度计上有两种刻度，一种是华氏，另一种是摄氏。

shift, move, remove, transfer

这组词均含有“移动，转移”的意思。

shift

含有“轻易地更动”或出于不正当的动机把罪过“转”到他人身上的意思。

move

应用范围很广，其中主要意思是“从一处移到另一处”。

remove

意为“拿开，移动，消除”，强调离开原来的、正常的地方或职位等做一种新的、有时是暂时的安排或改变。该词还含有把不利的东西“取消”的意思。

transfer

意为“调动，移交”，强调从一处转到另一处。

It’s no use trying to shift the blame to anybody else.想把过错推到别人身上是没用的。

Please help me move the desk to the corner.请帮我把桌子搬到墙角。

The obstacle has been removed; the two countries continued their dialogue.障碍已经排除，两国又继续对话。

The head office of the company has been transferred to New York.该公司总部已迁至纽约。

scarce, rare

这组词均含有“稀少的，少有的”的意思。

rare

强调某种东西是很少见到的，或某种现象是很少发生的，具有珍贵、贵重的意味。它的反义词是common。

scarce

形容的事物不一定有珍贵之意，而是指有些东西(通常为日用品)因匮乏或难以得到而变得稀少或缺少。它的反义词是plentiful或abundant。此外，修饰时间表示频率时，则只能用rare,而不能用scarce,此时rare的含义是“不经常发生的”

The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊猫是世界上稀有动物之一。

glimpse, look, sight, view

这组词都有“看，瞥见”的意思。

glance

指看一下或瞥一眼(有意识的)。

His glance silenced the audience, and he began to speak.他环视了一下，听众都不说话了，他便开始讲话。

glimpse

一般指看一眼或一瞥(无意识的)。

She caught a glimpse of her friend in the supermarket.她在超级市场里瞥见了她的朋友。

look

一般用语，表示直接用眼睛看。

Her intent look showed how much she had mied her sister.她的专心的目光说明她是多么想念她的姐姐。

sight

此词与视力和视觉有关，意指察看或视野。

She has lost sight of her dog.她看不见那条狗了。

view

常指视野，视域景色和眼界。

The tower commands a good view of the beautiful city.从这个塔上可以清楚地看到这座美丽城市的景色。

huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, vast

这组词均含有“很大的”的意思。

huge

指体积和数量大得超过一定的标准，可用来形容物体，距离，程度和声音等。

They spent a huge amount of money on that villa.他们花巨款买下了那幢别墅。

enormous

着重指体积庞大，常指硕大无比，令人咋舌的事物。多用来形容形体、数量和程度，有时含有严重、紧急的意思。

The dinosaurs were enormous animals which lived on the earth long ago.恐龙是很久以前生存在地球上的巨型动物。

giant

常指身体，体积，或力量的巨大。

They took giant strides forward.他们大踏步前进。

gigantic

多用于夸张手法，强调某种事物程度的巨大、重大或极为严重，常用于隐喻。

The economy of the country has taken a gigantic leap forward.这个国家的经济有很大的飞跃。

immense

有大到不能计算的意味，常用于形容空间，也可形容程度。

This book was about the early explorers who got lost in the immense Atlantic.这本书讲的是迷失在浩瀚大西洋中的早期探险家的故事。

vast

着重指面积极为开阔，用作比喻时指阅历广、花费大等。

The lion used to live in vast areas of Africa.狮子过去生活在非洲广袤的地区。

flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error

这组词都表示“错误，缺陷”。

flaw

原意为“裂缝，裂隙”，引申为“缺点，漏洞，瑕疵”，表示存在的或出现的某种破坏了完好统一体的因素，强调对完美性或有效性的损害。

defect

意思是“欠缺，不足”，指缺乏达到完善或发挥效用所需要的东西，也常指一般的缺陷。

fault

意思是“缺点，毛病;错误，过错，责任”，一般指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失及责任。

mistake

指由于认识上的缺点而无心犯下的错误。

error

常指违反一定标准而犯的错误。mistake和error虽然常常通用，但在习惯搭配中不能互换。

如：

I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理论中我找不到任何漏洞。

No one is without defects.人无完人。

She always finds fault with me.她总挑我的毛病。

I took her gloves by mistake.我错拿了她的手套。

Every man is liable to err.人人都难免犯错误。

freedom, liberty

这组词均含有“自由”的意思。

freedom

强调不受外界任何限制和约束，或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。

liberty

侧重于从所受的压制或压迫下解放出来。

如：

In some countries, there is no freedom of the pre.在一些国家里没有新闻自由。

All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中营里所有囚犯都想得到自由。

repair, mend, fix, remedy

这组词都有“修理”的意思。

repair

意为“修理，修复”，指修理已破旧或损坏的东西，使其恢复原有的良好状况。此外，repair还可引申为“纠正，弥补，治愈”。

mend

意为“修理，修补”，是普通用语，仅指修补磨损的、破裂的、撕毁的小东西，很少用于大件物品。该词可引申为“改善，弥补，恢复健康”。

fix

意为“修理，修复”，和repair同义，两者经常换用，fix常用于美国英语中，口语色彩较浓。

remedy

意为“补救，弥补”，指对已经出现的过失及不满意的现状采取弥补措施，加以补救。

He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎样弥补这个过失。

It’s never too late to mend.改过不嫌迟。

He tried to fix the leaking tap.他试图修漏水的水龙头。

Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。

adequate, enough, sufficient

这组词均含有“足够”的意思。

adequate

强调符合一个客观要求或标准，这个要求或标准可能不太高或不太严格。

enough

侧重份量和数量的足够。是三个词中最普通的。

sufficient

一般用于正式书面语中，且只能放在所修饰的名词前。

如：

His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入满足不了家庭需求。

Do we have enough time for a drink?我们有没有足够的时间喝点什么?

The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.这场雨不足为害。

complete, entire, total, whole

这组词都可作“完全的，全部的”讲。

complete

意为“完全的，完善的”，强调所需要的正常的部分都已具备，达到完备、无可增加的程度。

entire

意为“完全的，完整的”，可用于具体或抽象的概念，用来形容完整的、未被破坏或切割的统一体。其含义侧重物体或概念的本身，强调既不能增加，也不能减少，保持原有完整的意义。该词常用作定语。

total

意为“完全的，全部的”。强调没有任何例外，一切都被统计在内，指金钱、数量、程度等的全部，在表示抽象意义时，可与complete换用，有时也可和entire换用。

whole

意为“整个的，整体的”，强调完整、没有被忽略、遗漏或减少，此时该词和entire语义相似，只是语气稍弱，且多在口语中使用，一般多用作定语。

They own a house complete with furniture.他们拥有一幢家具齐全的房子。

The Complete Works of Tolstoy is on the shelf.《托尔斯泰全集》在书架上。

It took us an entire week to finish the work.完成这项工作花费我们整整一周时间。

He was in entire ignorance of the matter.他对这件事一无所知。

What is the total cost of the new furniture?新家具总共花了多少钱?

The new manager has a total control of the busine.新任经理完全掌握公司的控制权。

The different parts were joined to form a whole group.不同的部分连接起来形成一个整体。

The whole book is on how to appreciate poetry.整个书都是关于诗歌欣赏的

aggreion, invasion

这组词均含有“入侵”的意思。

aggreion

主要指对别国的入侵。

invasion

指持有挑衅、敌对的企图而进行的侵占、入侵、侵犯。

如：

The Chinese government protested strongly against such barbarous aggreion.中国政府强烈抗议这种野蛮的侵略行为。

The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties.那次非法搜查是对他们公民自由权的侵犯。

long, wish, desire, hope, expect

这组词都含有“希望”之意。

long

意为“渴望，盼望”，常与for搭配使用，有较强的感情色彩，表示对某一事物抱有热切的“希望”或强烈的“向往”。

wish

作“希望，渴望”讲，是一般用语，常用于表达过去的遗憾，对不可能达到的目标的渴求，此时常为虚拟语气。另外，还可指对别人的祝愿。

desire

意为“希望，渴望”，是正式用语，语气强于wish,指怀着急切的心情，强烈地盼望着达到某种目的，而这种殷切的希望经多方努力是可以实现的。

hope

作“希望，盼望”讲，指人期待或渴望有一定指望的事物，这种期待可能实现也可能实现不了，但常含有充满信心之意。

expect

表示“希望，期待”，指有一定的把握认为某人会做某事并期待着这种可能性的实现。

She longed to go back to the laboratory.她渴望能回到实验室。

What I like is chewing gum.I wish I had some now.我喜欢的是口香糖，真希望我现在有些口香糖。

Have you got everything that your heart desired?你一心向往的东西都有了吗?

He hoped that his extra effort on the eay would bring him a higher mark.他希望他在论文上作出的特殊努力将会使他得高分。

If I tell you to come, I expect you to come.如果我让你来，我就希望你来。

result, consequence, effect, outcome

这组词均含有“结果”的意思，指事物最后呈现的一种局面。

result

是最普通的用词，用途最广，指很多效果、后果的综合，带有“最后结果”的意味。

consequence

这个词带有贬义，一般表示一种不好的结局，常译为“后果”。

effect

与cause(原因，起因)相对，强调由某种原因直接或立即产生的结果，可译为“效果，效力，作用，影响”。

outcome

常译为“结果，结局”，常指某项活动、比赛或者悬而未决的事情最后见分晓、见输赢。

The net result of our discuions was that she agreed to take this job.我们反复商量的最终结果是她同意接受这份工作。

The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequences.高失业率已经造成了不良的社会后果。

The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.这次广告运动对销售未能起到多大的作用。

There were not many people who dared predict the outcome of the general election.没有人敢预测大选的结果。

prohibit, forbid, ban

这三个词皆为及物动词，表示“禁止”。

prohibit

意为“(通过法律、法令、公告、严正警告)禁止某些事情”，该词应用范围比其他两个词广，其常用结构为prohibit sb.from doing sth.。

forbid

意为“禁止”，是这三个词中最普通的词。如果我们指一般意义上的“禁止某人做某事”，就要用forbid sb.to do sth.。

ban

意为“禁止”，在这三个词中语气最强，指权威机关“正式禁止”，这种禁止可以是正面的，也可以是反面的。ban只以物作宾语，而不能以人作宾语。

The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.法律禁止烟草商卖给儿童香烟。

She had been strictly forbidden to drink beer.严禁她喝啤酒。

Bicycles are banned from the new motorway.自行车禁止通行于新建的快车道。

foretell, foresee, forecast, predict

这组词均含有“预言，预测”的意思。

foretell

意为“预言，预料”，着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。

foresee

强调“预见，预知”，与foretell基本同义。

forecast

强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。

predict

常指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情，可用于各种不同的场合。predict所作的预言有一定的科学性。

The Gypsy foretold that the boy would become a king.那个吉普赛人预言这个男孩将会成为国王。

The difficulties could not have been foreseen.这些困难是无法预料的。

Who can forecast what the outcome of election will be?谁能预测出选举结果?

Economists are predicting a fall in interest rate.经济专家预言利率会下降。

roughly, approximately, about, around

这组词都可表示在距离、时间、数量等方面“接近，大约”。

roughly

意为“粗略，大约”，经常用来代替approximately或about。该词常含有随便、草率的意味。

approximately

作“近于，接近”讲，表示精确程度非常接近某一标准，其误差极小甚至可忽略不计。

about

作“大约”讲，可与approximately互相使用，但它不如前者那样强调对精确度的接近，但它后面的数或量都是明确的，没有“多少不定”的意思，如，不可说“about more than two”。

around

意为“大约”，有时用于非正式场合，可以代替about或approximately

Roughly speaking, I think we are heading for the depreion.大体说来，我认为我们正走向萧条。

It was approximately 100°F in the shade.在荫凉处温度约为华氏100度。

There are about 60 people in the room.这房间里大约有60个人。

He went to bed around midnight.他大约半夜才去睡觉。

accumulate, ama

这组词均含有“累积，积聚”的含义。

accumulate

强调一点一点地连续积累，从而积聚成堆。

ama

往往用于价高或量大的积聚。

The accumulated evidence isn’t enough to ensure his conviction.已收集到的证据还不足以给他定罪。

My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。

Fat will be accumulated in your body if you stop doing sports.如果你停止运动，脂肪就会积聚于体内。

A speculator may try to ama great wealth.投机商会想方设法积聚钱财。

aemble, collect, gather

这组词均含有“收集，聚集”的意思。

aemble

指为了一定目的把即将分散的人或物集合为一个整体。

gather

是一般用语，指将分散的东西聚集在一起。用于人时表示“聚集，集中”之意。

collect

与gather通用，指按计划进行收集整理，其对象一般是物，偶尔也用于人，意为“集合”。

Aemble your papers and put them in this file.把你的论文收集起来，放在这个文件夹里。

You must gather the students to your side.你必须把学生团结到你这一边来。

People gathered in crowds on the street waiting for the news of victory.人们成群结队地聚集在街上，等待着胜利的消息。

trust, believe, believe in, confide

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

trust

是“信任”的意思，指信任某人的内在品质、人格、能力等，也可指“信赖”事物。trust后面接不定式的复合结构(trust sb.to do sth.)，表示“放心让某人做某事，相信某人会”。另外，trust后面常跟介词in,也表示“相信，信赖”之意。

believe

后面常接名词、代词或that从句，接that从句时常表示“认为”的意思。

believe in

是“信任，信仰”的意思，常指相信某一理论或信仰某一宗教等，也指相信某事物或某人的更为本质的、内在的东西，或相信某事物的存在。

confide

是指信赖某人以致可以与之倾吐心腹话或内心的秘密。confide作及物动词时，常用在“confide sth.to sb.”;作不及物动词时，后面常与介词in连用，表示信赖某人，对某人讲真话。

A forgetful man should not trust his memory, but should write things down in a notebook.一个健忘的人不应相信自己的记忆力，而该把事情记在记事本上。

You can’t trust him to do anything right.你什么事也别指望他能做好。

She didn’t trust in her son’s ability to look after himself.她不相信儿子有能力照顾自己。

I find it impoible to believe a single word you say.我发现你的每句话都难以置信。

Is he really coming? I can hardly believe my ears.他真的要来吗?我简直不敢相信我的耳朵。

I don’t believe in his honesty.我不相信他诚实。

They don’t believe in ghosts.他们不相信有鬼神。

She confided her trouble to her friend.她把自己的烦恼告诉了朋友。

refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

refuse

是表示“拒绝”这一概念的最普通的用词，语气比decline强，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意味。refuse作及物动词时，后面常常接名词或代词表示被拒绝的对象，跟不定式表示拒绝做某事。作不及物动词时，refuse可单独使用。

reject

意为“拒不接受，不采纳”，语气比refuse更强，强调抛弃、丢弃，有时可翻译为“抵制，驳回”。

该词还常常表示由于客观条件不符合规定的标准而遭到拒绝。reject后通常只接名词或代词。 decline

常常翻译为“辞谢，婉言谢绝”，指有礼貌地、语气委婉地拒绝，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或请求等。

deny

常常作“否认，否定”讲，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句。另外，deny也可作“拒绝给予”讲，这时多接双宾语，即用在deny sb.sth.结构中，并且可以与refuse互换，不过语气要比refuse更坚决。

repel

指“拒绝接受”，甚至含“抵制”的意思，语气比reject强。

It is the stupid who refuse to be taught by mistake.只有蠢人才拒绝从错误中吸取教训。

The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant.病人的身体对心脏移植有排斥反应。

She declined to have lunch with us, saying that she wasn’tfeeling well.她说身体不适而婉言谢绝与我们共进午餐。

He doesn’t dare to deny the charges, does he?他不敢否认这些指控。

embarra, puzzle, perplex, confuse, bewilder

这组词皆有“使„困惑”的意思，都可作及物动词，常以无生命的词作主语;以有生命的词作主语时，常用被动语态。

embarra

指“使„困惑，使„窘迫，使„为难”，含有令人不快、为难和内心混乱的意味。

puzzle

意为“使„迷惑”，指某一复杂的事件或困难难于被理解。

perplex

指“使„疑惑”，和puzzle同义，但比puzzle更为庄重，还含有“使„杂乱，使„疑虑，使„不安，使„不知如何决定”的意思。

confuse

指“使„混乱，使„糊涂”，强调使人因混淆而不知所措。

bewilder

“使„混乱，使„着慌，使„发愣”，语气最重，表示糊涂到无法思考的地步。

It embarraes me even to think about my foolish behavior.哪怕是想一想我愚蠢的行为，我都感到困窘不安。

Her illne has puzzled all the doctors.她的病把所有的医生都难住了。

I have been puzzling my brains about this question for weeks now.对这个问题我已经苦苦思索了几个星期了。

His strange behavior had greatly perplexed her.他奇怪的行为使她大为困惑。

We were perplexed to learn of your decision.我们听说了你们的决定，感到困惑不解。

They asked so many questions that they confused me (that I got confused).他们问了我很多问题，把我都给弄糊涂了。

Don’t confuse Austria with (and) Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。

She was bewildered to find them gone.发现他们已经离去，她愣住了。

choose, select, pick out

这组词皆有“选择”之意。

choose在这三个词中是最常用的，可以表示进行一般的“选择”，有时也可以表示“决择”，它较侧重意志和判断。

select和pickout 而select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中作出选择。

select比 pick out 更为正式，select通常指经过慎重考虑而作出的选择select和choose有时可以通用，主要不同在于：choose往往指以个人的好恶或对个人是否合适为标准来“选择”，而select则更加强调被“选择”的事物在客观上的优劣。

choose有“选定之后就要坚持从事”的意思，而select则没有此意，例如在选择一生的职业、事业及爱人等时，只能用choose而不能用select。

choose一般指在两者之间作出选择，有时也可指在三者之间作出选择。

The samples are for you to choose from.这些样品供你挑选。

Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from model workers.出席大会的大多数人是从工人模范中挑选出来的。

The couples decide to choose gardening as their profeion.这对夫妇决定选择园艺作为他们的职业。

Mary spent three hours picking out a red skirt at the store.玛丽花了三个小时在店里挑了一条红裙子。

energy, force, power, strength, vigor, might

这组词都有“力”的意思。

energy

有“力，力量，精力”之意，原是物理学用语，其含义是“能”的意思，用于人时，指人的能力、精力。

force

有“力，力量”和“势力，武力”之意，指运用或发挥出来的力量，着重“力”产生的效果，即使人或物克服阻力，按要求的方向运动，达到一定目的。

power

有“力量，能力，权力”之意，含义广泛，可指内存的或外来的、具体的或抽象的力，可引申为“势力，政权”。

strength

有“力量，体力”之意，指人或物内部存在的力量，除指人身体的力气外，还可指感情、意志、记忆、判断等能力，指物时可指法律、风俗、文笔以及舆论等的力量。该词一般做不可数名词。

vigor

有“活力，力量”之意，侧重生命的活力或生命本身内在的力量，可指“精力，干劲”等，是不可数名词。

might

有“力量，威力”之意，指强有力的、强大的、超人的力量，是不可数名词。

The work took me a lot of energy.这工作花费了我很多精力。

The old man pulled the wagon with all his force.老人用尽全力拉货车。

The man has strong desire for power.这人渴望拥有权力。

These two boys are equal in strength.这两个男孩力气相等。

It is patriotism that gives the vigor of her writings.是爱国主义精神使她的作品充满生命力。

She worked with all her might.她竭尽全力地工作。

第17篇：景物描写小作文专练

单元片段作文专练：景物描写

母题典范

阅读下面的诗歌，根据要求写一段文字。

《梅花绝句》（之三）

陆游

雪虐风号愈凛然，花中气节最高坚。

过时自会飘零去，耻向东君更乞怜。

认真体会这首诗表达的情感，写一段描写“雪虐风号愈凛然，花中气节最高坚”两句诗意境的文字。

要求：借鉴《荷塘月色》中“以景衬情”的表达技巧，同时使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法，描写生动形象，符合原诗的意境和情感，不少于200字。

解答本题的关键有以下几点：

1．借鉴《荷塘月色》中“以景衬情”的表达技巧。这就要求学生必须掌握《荷塘月色》“以景衬情”的表达技巧，回顾写月与荷的交相辉映的文字及作者的感情。

2．使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法。

3．描写生动形象，符合原诗的意境和情感。对原诗意境的把握很重要，本诗“雪虐风号愈凛然，花中气节最高坚”表达的主要是对梅的赞美，那么你的表达也应紧扣赞美。但学生的失误还是很多，比如：对修辞的把握，对描写的把握，不能很好的把握对梅的赞美等。

示例：冬日的天空，阴沉似铁，怒号的寒风卷着雪花漫天飘飞。驿外断桥边，一株腊梅正傲然挺立，凌寒绽放，一朵朵，一簇簇，如雪，似玉。雪虐风号，大施淫威。可风雪愈是严相逼，梅花愈是风骨凛然。你看，他虬枝铁干，岿然不动；细花小苞，精神抖擞。梅花有点寂寞，可丝毫未减带给阴沉世界的这一抹亮色；梅花有的被风吹落了，零落成泥碾作尘，却香气如故；梅花气定神闲，无意争春，他只想把春的消息早些预告。“一树梅花一放翁”，我仿佛看到陆游正在树下深情地凝望着梅花！

知识展台 景物描写，是指对自然环境和社会环境中的风景、物体的描写。景物描写主要是为了显示人物活动的环境，使读者身临其境。

具体地说，可以分为三个方面：风景描写、风俗描写和风物描写。也可以用绘画用语来表达，那就是：风景画、风俗画和风物画。

风景画的主要内容是自然风景。广义的风景画，包括人工景物，如宫殿、寺庙、园林等。狭义的风景画，主要是指自然风景，如日、月、星、云，高山、大漠、潮汐、雷电等。我们这里采用广义的概念。

风物画的范围，似乎更小一些，主要指人工制造的具有特点的景物与器物。较大的如园林，较小的如金石风物描写，应该有独具的特点。

风俗画，也可以有广义与狭义之分。广义的风俗画，指能反映某一时代、某一地区、某一民族或社会集团的社会生活所特有的风俗人情、社会风貌、生活方式的文学作品。例如，可以说《红楼梦》是17世纪中国上层贵族的风俗画。狭义的风俗画，指作品中有关地区的独特的风俗人情、生活方式等方面的描写。

【探究思路】写景状物的一般方法

（１）描绘景物的色彩、形状、声音，让景物具有立体感。例如：“特别诱人的是牧野的黄昏，落日映红周围的雪峰，像云霞那么灿烂。雪峰的红光映射到这辽阔的牧场上，

形成一个金碧辉煌的世界，蒙古包、牧群和牧女们，都镀上了一色的玫瑰红。当落日沉没，周围雪峰的红光逐渐消褪，银灰色的暮霭笼罩着草原的时候，你就会看见无数点红火光，那是牧民们在烧起铜壶准备晚餐。”（碧野《天山景物记》）

（２）调动自己的视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉等多种感觉描摹景物，突出其可感性，即 “状难写之景，如在目前；含不尽之意，见于言外，然后为至矣”（《六一诗话》）。例如：“细细的雨丝密密地斜织着如烟似雾；润湿的泥土散发的清新和芳香沁人心脾；雨点滴入口中，甜甜的，令人回味无穷；春风把雨丝送上你的脸颊如少女的手儿温柔细腻；俯身静听草长得声音如一望无际的旷野上悠扬的笛声在耳畔回响。啊，潇潇春雨，春雨潇潇。”（学生习作《春雨》）

（３）变换观察角度，让景物形态具有全景感。例如：“我怀念从故乡的后山流下来，流过榕树旁的清澈的小溪，溪水中彩色的鹅卵石，到溪畔洗衣和汲水的少女，在水面嘎嘎嘎地追逐欢笑的鸭子；我怀念榕树下洁白的石桥，桥头兀立的刻字的石碑，桥栏干上被人抚摸光滑了的小石狮子。那汩汩的溪水流走了我童年的岁月，那古老的石桥镌刻着我深深的记忆，记忆中的故事有榕树的叶子一样多„„”（黄河浪《故乡的榕树》）

（４）刻画景物变化，突出景物形态的丰富性。景物的形状因时间、空间的变化各有不同，善描绘者当细心观察，多方描摹，用心感受。

（５）虚实结合，扩大想象空间。写景应形象逼真，如若亲见，而对景物的描写又不可太实，还要加上作者的独特感受，加工创造出情景交融、引人联想的深远境界。

想象有以下几种：

①联想：危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰（李白） ②梦想：夜阑卧听风吹雨，铁马冰河入梦来（陆游） ③夸张中的夸大：君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回（李白） ④夸张中的缩小：五岭逶迤腾细浪，乌朦磅礴走泥丸（毛泽东） ⑤夸张中的超前：稻花香里说丰年，听取蛙声一片（辛弃疾） ⑥反讽：萁在釜下燃，豆在釜中泣（曹植） ⑦暗示：朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨（杜甫）

（６）运用比喻、拟人等手法，突出景物特点。写景状物，要从客观事物的整体出发，不拘一格地从多方面加以描绘。例如：“但是把人的心灵带到一种崇高的境界的，却是那些“吸翠霞而夭矫”的松树。他们不怕山高，把根扎在悬崖绝壁的隙缝，身子扭得像盘龙柱子，在半空展看枝叶，像是和狂风乌云争夺天日，又像是和清风白云游戏。有的松树望穿秋水，不见你来，独自上到高处，斜着身子张望。有的松树像一把墨绿大伞，支开了等你。有的松树自得其乐，显出一副潇洒的模样。不管怎么样，都让你觉得它们是泰山的天然的主人，好像少了谁都不应该似的。”（李健吾《雨中登泰山》）

综合训练

1.景物描写要展现景物的自然特性和情感特性。写一个片段，不用“热”字，通过景物描写，表现天气的炎热和人的心情，字数在150字左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.我们身边到处都有花草树木，哪一棵植物给你留下深刻印象？请抓住它的形状、颜色、气味等方面特点，运用比喻、拟人手法，写出你的喜爱之情，200字左右。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.《囚绿记》用拟人的手法来写景状物，赋予景物“性格”“气质”，取得了特殊的艺术效果。试着借鉴本文的写法，调动你的情感和想象，以“中秋赏月”为题，写则短文，要求语言简明、准确、得体，力求写出景物的特征。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.以“家乡的________”为题，写一景物描写片段，画线处填入某一景物名称。

（1）注意运用点面结合的写景技巧；

（2）运用比喻、拟人修辞；

（3）不少于200字。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.请抓住富有春天特征的景物，描写春天到了的情景，要求：

（1）突出动物的描写，写出春天的活泼与温暖；

（2）运用比喻、拟人修辞；

（3）不少于200字。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6．阅读下面古诗，按要求扩写。

江畔独步寻花

杜甫

黄四娘家花满蹊，千朵万朵压枝低。

留连戏蝶时时舞，自在娇莺恰恰啼。

要求：对诗的后两句进行扩写，不能改变原意，运用比喻、拟人手法，不少于200字，描绘出一幅鲜花盛开、蝶舞莺歌的春日美景图。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7．阅读下面古诗，按要求扩写。

梦江南

温庭筠

梳洗罢，独倚望江楼。过尽千帆皆不是，斜晖脉脉水悠悠。肠断白蘋洲。

要求：对“过尽千帆皆不是，斜晖脉脉水悠悠”进行扩写。①不改变原词情感。②运用比喻手法。③融情于景。④不少于200字。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.续写“当大地刚从薄明的晨曦中苏醒过来的时候”的场景，要求：抓住黎明的特点，注意细节，运用比喻等修辞，不少于200字。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

1．这是一个夏天的午后。知了在枝头不停地叫着；小狗在树下不安地蜷着，时不时地伸出它那鲜红的舌头；公鸡这时候也耷拉着它的翅膀；老爷爷光着膀子，手把蒲扇子，不停歇地前后摇着„„这棵门前苍劲的树木，这时候好像也没了生气，无力地支撑着。

2.一天疲累的课业结束，明日的考试和作业催促着我的脚步，我是三千多人中的一个小黑点，随着人流快速移动，要到逸仙楼的转角，猛的一红，刺进我的眼睛，等景物射进水晶体，水晶体到视网膜，视网膜咻的一声传进大脑„„那是一株樱花，闪着桃色的媚眼，扭着婀娜的枝干，笑盈盈的亮出金色的花蕊，散出独特的清香。此时四周景物全部昏暗下来，只有她独立。这使我想起了什么„„快到家了，走进小巷，通过窄曲的马路，踩过坑洞的人行道，一个转角，又是一株樱花。

3.中秋赏月

中秋节，我约了几个同学到我家阳台上赏月。爸爸还为我们准备了月饼、石榴、梨子等食品，为我们赏月做好了准备。

月亮出现了，这会儿我们发现明亮更加晶莹剔透，它是那样纯洁，那样明亮，真是美极了。

又过了一会儿，天边飘起一片白云，掩住了月儿的秀丽面容，月儿立即把清辉从白云边上放射出来，在白云四周镶成一个灿烂的光环，光环托着白云从月亮下面轻轻地流过，月光把半边天都照亮了，只有在远远的天边，看得见一两颗星星。

举目远眺皎洁的月光，把湖边的柳树照得雪亮，象铺了一层白霜。月亮影子象映在湖面上，湖面形成一层亮晶晶的波，闪闪烁烁，好象游龙似银鳞，被大家称为小文豪的方亮，望着这美丽的景色，诗兴大发，双手后背，踱着小方步，情不自禁地诵起古诗，“床前明月光，疑是地上霜„„”

4.我喜欢乡村。或许是那种自在、悠闲的生活在吸引我吧！不过，我更喜欢那乡村的风景。

在乡村的田野里，映入眼帘的不是黄色，就是绿色，黄色是广阔的麦田。春天，它们绿油油的，有点像可爱的小草，又像披上了嫩绿的服装；夏天，麦田换上了耀眼的浅黄色新装；每根麦秆都擎起了丰满的穗儿，可爱极了。那绿色就在蔬菜上了。你看：卷心菜、萝卜、土豆、油菜花、玉米„„它们都在你的眼前。田野中间还有个稻草人在吓唬偷吃粮食的鸟！红色、紫色就在田野边上的花朵中。瞧，有几只小蜜蜂正兴高采烈地在花芯中嗡嗡地采蜂蜜。

被青草包围的，是个巨大的池塘，池塘绿得就像个无瑕的翡翠。池塘里边有许多雪白的鸭子，游戏水中。忽然有只小鱼悄悄地露出水面，吹了个小泡泡，尽管它这么机灵，但还是难以逃脱鸭子的眼睛。它们迫不及待地潜进水下，飞快地游了过去，其中一只叼住了小鱼，然后猛地吞了下去。

我爱乡村，爱乡村的美丽、我爱乡村的美景。

5.几对活泼机灵、小巧玲珑的燕子从南方赶来，为春光增添了不少生机和色彩！有的由这边的稻田上，一刹那间，便飞到了那边的柳树下面；有的在天空中掠过、盘旋，唧唧地叫着好像在唱歌，好像在跳舞，成了天地之间可爱的小演员；有的横掠过湖面，红红的小肚皮偶尔沾了一下水面，便又掠到了高空，自由自在的飞翔着，剩下的是一圈圈优雅的波纹。一只一只的小青蛙从冬眠中醒来，跳出洞穴，大口大口的吮吸着清新的空气。一只一声“哇”，一只一声“呱”，奏成了一曲悦耳的春天的赞歌。黄鹂、麻雀、黄莺、喜鹊都在枝头上放声歌唱，歌唱这迷人的、美丽的、温暖的春天！

6.岸边，映着清清的江水，五颜六色的鲜花怒放着，红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪，红的、粉的、白的相互点缀，相互映衬，好一个童话世界。这些色彩斑澜艳丽多姿的鲜花以迷人的芬芳、妖娆的姿态，招来了无数的蜜蜂蝴蝶。小生灵们时而翩翩起舞，带着阳光的微笑在花丛上空盘旋；时而欣喜若狂，拥抱着它最为喜爱最为钟情的花蕊，吻着、闹着。见此美景，穿梭在树丛里的黄莺高兴极了，它们跳着蹦着，放开歌喉尽情地唱起来了，那银铃般的歌声在树丛花丛上空盘旋。好一幅迷人的蜂鸟闹春图啊！

7.一位身材削瘦，面容清秀的江南女子姗姗地踏着台阶，走上楼去，依然是双目无神。她打开木门，随着“吱呀”一声，灿烂的阳光一下子射了进来。她下意识地用手遮挡了一下，才发现时间竟已过去了半个时辰。她走到了栏杆旁，独自一人倚栏眺望。突然，她的目光迥迥有神了，似乎闪着无数希望之光，面部肌肉甚至有些抽搐。原来，就在楼旁的江中，有几点白帆出现，越驶越近，已经看得清了。她努力地向前凑，想要看看自己的丈夫是否就在那船上，她甚至拼命地挥手，但没有人注意到她的存在。那白帆并没有靠岸，而是继续前进，越驶越远，慢慢又变成几点白帆，她一下子靠倒在墙上，眼里的希望之光也随之减少。就这样，从早至晚，从朝阳到夕阳，从大帆船到小客船，从东至西，她就一直站在那里，痴痴地望，傻傻地等。望到自己也不知道有多少条船驶过，等到自己也不知道挨过了多少时辰。夕阳撒下他最后一丝余辉，暖黄色的光仍然早晨一样洒在江面上，闪烁、流动。可是那光却大不如早晨鲜亮，却多了一份无奈和感伤。

8.当大地刚从薄明的晨曦中苏醒过来的时候，在肃穆的清凉的果树园子里，便飘荡着清朗的笑声。鸟雀的欢噪已经退让到另外一些角落去。一些爱在晨风中飞来飞去的小甲虫便更不安地四方乱闯。浓密的树叶在伸展开去的枝条上微微蠕动，却隐藏不住那累累的硕果。看得见在那树丛里还有偶尔闪光的露珠，就像在雾夜中耀眼的星星一样。而那些红色果皮上的一层茸毛，或者是一层薄霜，便更显得柔软而润湿。云霞升起来了，从那重重的

绿叶的缝隙中透过点点金色的彩霞，林子中映出一缕一缕的透明的淡紫色的、浅黄色的薄光。

第18篇：专四作文考纲要求及评分标准

专四作文考纲要求及评分标准 (1)能根据各种不同的听读材料笔头回答问题，复述内容写摘要、写提纲和记笔记。 (2)能根据题目列出写作提纲，在一小时内写出 200～250 词的短文。 以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。 (3)能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。 写作课培养学生初步写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及最简单的常用应用文。 具体的写作的要求和规定如下： (1)测试目的： 检查学生在专业英语学习的基础阶段末期的英语写作能力。 (2)题型： 主观试题，分为 Section A 和 Section B 两个部分。 Section A: Composition 写作文 Section B: Note-writing 写便条 (3)测试要求： a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提 纲) 写一篇 150 词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确， 语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为 35 分钟。 b)便条。要求根据提示写大约 50～60 词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确， 语言得体。考试时间为 10 分钟。 评分标准 评分标准共有以下七条： (1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。 (2)行文流畅。 (3)组织严密，逻辑性强。 (4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。 (5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。 (6)语法正确。 (7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。

第19篇：专四作文Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environmen

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?

With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of living standard, tourism has become the pillar of the tertiary industry.Majority of people will regard tourism as a new and prior way to relax.Neverthele, tourism causes a huge amount of pollution to the environment in many aspects.

To begin with, pollution of tourism is a serious problem to air of tourism destination.During the peak season, thousands of people crowd into the area.The increasing of vehicles cause heavy traffic and emitting waste gases bring more air pollution.Next, some people of low quality ignore environmentally friendly, leaving a great deal of foods, paper and bottles at tourist resorts.The rubbish will pollute local plants, animals, water or other articles and give a big preure to local environment.Besides, a main reason is that some businemen blindly enlarge scale of tourism spot and limitlely receive visitors and just value short-term profits.These actions have a serious influence on sustainable development.

From my viewpoint, development of tourism should be more perfect.Although tourism has a big impact on environment, I still firmly believed that tourism can make a perfect system to environment.Fresh air, clear water, bright blue sky will be not far from to us in the future.

第20篇：专四写作讲座之作文闪光点

作文是各类英语考试中得分率最低的题型之一。同学们在掌握了一定的作文模板，和基本的语法、词汇、句型用法之后，如果能在作文中创造一些词汇和句型的闪光点，必定会使你的作文如虎添翼！

高分作文标志

1、是否长短句交叉；

2、是否会使用插入语；

3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；

4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；

5、句型使用是否准确、地道。

下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项：

1.适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to.) 举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that.By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.

2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。

如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。

比如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …

3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitivene(提高某物竞争力)

下面举一篇某位同学写的优秀作文(14分)的例子，看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法和精彩替换和句型都用上了，作文有了很大的提高。

Computer and I By Simmy

I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious claic music.That night I was sleeple, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.

exceedingly 替换 very

thrilling 替换 exciting

sth.exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb.be interested in sth.

google 替换 search

an army of 替换 a lot of

The dawn of the new century witneed the increasing popularity of computers.Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing numbers of individuals.It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!

The dawn of the new century witneed 是一个精彩句型，用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情；

Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular

Coincident with … 非常地道的句型，表达“与…一致”的意思，替换 With …

Advancement 替换 development

Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换 enter into

Current ( currently )替换 now

Appeal to sb.替换 sb.be interested in sth.

Growing numbers of individuals 替换 more and more people

It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型， 说某事是毫不夸张的

For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment .Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.

For a start 替换 To begin with

We can, freely, search 用了插入语的写作手法

our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.用了非常精彩的被动

Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides Deliver 替换 send

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the diervice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence , obscene, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.

There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the diervice of human beings, 这个句子有三个精彩之处，首先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插入语， function in the diervice of 替换 do harm to

Emerging 替换 appearing ( fading 替换 disappearing )

Net citizen 网民，属于精彩用词

As a claic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds.Computers do play a positive role in the development of people\' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts.We should , therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.

No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides

Computers do play ，do 强调

Positive 替换 important / good 等

A slice of 替换 a part of

Unfavorable 替换 bad

Impacts 替换 effects / influences

We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使用插入语

Fruits (而且fruits 用的非常形象， merits/ virtues) 替换 advantage ( defects 替换 disadvantage )

Facet 替换 aspect

各位同学，上面的作文里有这么多精彩的闪光点，作文怎么会不得高分呢！

以下是30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考一下。

1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)

2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good

3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad

如果bad做表语，可以有be le impreive替换

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time paively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are le impreive.

4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many。。。, if not most)替换many.

注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.

5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some

6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think

(因为是书面语，所以要加that)

7，affair ,busine ,matter 替换thing

8: shared 代 common

9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits

10for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion

11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.

Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.

Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer

15.exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very 16.hardly neceary, hardly inevitable ...替换 unneceary, avoidable

17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

18.capture one\'s attention替换attract one\'s attention.

19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换want.24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to

25.bear in mind that 替换remember 26.enjoy, poe 替换have(注意proce是过程的意思) 27.interaction替换communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance

30.next to / virtually impoible,替换nearly / almost impoible

希望大家能够在平时的学习中多总结精彩、地道的词汇和句型闪光点！ 常用连接词

To Add: and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what\'s more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.),

To Compare: whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, neverthele, on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, but, although,

conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true

To Prove: because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is

To Show Exception: yet, still, however, neverthele, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes

To Show Time: immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then

To Repeat in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted,

To Emphasize: definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation

To Show Sequence: first, second, third, and so forth.A, B, C, and so forth.next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon

To Give an Example: for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration,

To Summarize or Conclude：in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole

一、常用句型及单词

A.开头

1、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________.

2、______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.

3、Recently, _________has been brought to such popular attention that _________

(e.g.Recently, the problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.).

4、One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________.Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.

5.No one，regardle of race, religion or nationality, would deny that...或：Everyone would agree that...

B 结尾

1) Only in this way/Only when……/Only through……, will/can we……或：It is only if/when……that we will……

It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.

2) As long as……we will be able to……/the problem is bound to……

As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the maes, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life.

3) With a constant/steady improvement in ……(或With the gradual worsening of……) sth.will……

With a steady improvement in our legal system, this problem will sure be solved earlier or later.

4) In a word there is every/little chance/probability/poibility that.……in time to come.A

In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese traditon will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.

C.中间

1．建议和解决方法

1）.A great number of solutions are being offered.Some people suggest that ______________.Others argue that ______________.

2）.But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ______________.For instance, ______________.Worst of all, ______________.

3）.My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows.In the first place,….Secondly,….Finally

4）.If we let the situation go as it is, ….By that time, ….如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，……。

5） If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。

2.It 结构

1） It is advisable to exercise（拥有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations.

2） It is neceary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.

3） It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine.

4） It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.

5） It seemed to me that the only thing that matters is to learn through failure.

6） It pays in the long run （从长远的角度看……）to introduce new technique.

3.动名词或分词结构

1） Drinking，eating，and smoking exceively can do severe harm to even a young person\'s health.

2） The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience.

4.递进式结构

1） Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones.

2） Helping others will not only bring joy into other people\'s lives，but also added happine into our own.

5.表示重要性或必要性

1） It\'s important to set aside time for relaxation，hobbies ，and entertainment as well.

2） A harmonious atmosphere is eential（neceary / critical / indispensable）to achieve succe.

3） Global warming can endanger our lives so much that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it.

6.表示目的

1） The purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject.

2） The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.

3） Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and busine.

7.表示结果

1） Too much work and too little rest may lead to lo of health.

2） If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused.

3） By consistent hard work we will be able to achieved our objectives （目标）. 8.表示对比和比较

1） Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happine and contentment.

2） Work is more than a neceity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.

3） Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize one\'s potential.

4） The more scientists find out，the more questions they are unable to answer.

9.表示条件或假设的结构

1） Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner.

2） As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power.

3） Were it left to me to decide whether we should _______, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

4） Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim.

10.表示举例

1） Take______for example，

2） An illustration（例证）may make the point clear.

11.表示采取措施

1） The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties.

2） As college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olymic Games.

3） The school authorities should invest more energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers.

12.表示让步关系

1） While it may be more convenient to poe a car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times.

2） Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.

13.表示因果或前提关系

1） Because of(owing to) the preure（压力）of examinations， many students are left with little or no free time.

2） Perhaps it\'s because few of us know how to accept compliments（赞扬）gracefully.

3） That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。

4） The reason for this is that

14.表示存在的问题

1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in the world.

2） To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it.

3） Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities.

4） Many people find it harder and harder to keep up with the radical changes that characterize our time.

5） At first thought， the problem seems far too involved （复杂），but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with .

15． There be结构

1） There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.

2） There is much that we can learn from the Chinese claic works.

3） There is no sense（道理）in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.

精彩废话万能句

The rapid progre in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity.科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力

…can help one stand tall and aim far, broaden one\'s vision and give full play to one\'s intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of the modernization drive.站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智

Let’s join hands and work together to contribute a greater part to the harmony of our society.让我们携手共同奋斗，为建设和谐社会作出更大的贡献！

Famous scientist Marie Curie once said,” Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means:

精彩虚词

1.admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.

2.simply 简而言之: The answer is simply money.

3.surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.

4.increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.

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