英语文章写作范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：写作文章

昆明治疗骨性关节炎哪家医院好？云南产后妈妈怎么预防腰椎病云南颈椎病都有哪些类型？昆明哪家医院治疗骨质增生最好云南股骨头坏死的治疗误区云南治疗强直性脊柱炎哪家医院好风湿类风湿病能否引起心脏病？腰椎病有哪些危害？安徽常见的关节炎有哪些？安徽专业治疗颈椎病医院哪家好安徽股骨头坏死的治疗原则安徽骨质增生的症状分类云南强直性脊柱炎的危害与治疗上海专业治疗下肢静脉曲张医院是哪家上海小腿静脉曲张怎么治？上海冬季如何预防老烂腿

上海静脉炎怎样进行恢复保健上海脉管炎的临床症状有哪些

推荐第2篇：英语写作可借鉴的经典文章

1：志愿者活动

Volunteering activities.

1.越来越多的人从事志愿者工作

2.志愿者工作的社会意义

3.作为大学生，应该怎么做

In recent years, the volunteering spirit has spread among the Chinese people, especially among youngsters.According to a survey, in 2008, there were about 1,700,000 volunteers who offered service for Olympic Games.Actually, an increasing number of people become volunteers every year in China。

Volunteering actions are of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the society.Olympic Games are a good example.As is known to all, volunteers played an active role in Beijing Olympic Games.Without them, it would be a tough task to hold this un-precedent Olympic Games.Therefore, we can say that it was those volunteers who ensured the succe of these games。

As modern college students, we should get actively involved in volunteering activities.By participating, we can learn how to work well in a team, how to improve our interpersonal skills and organizational ability.

Undoubtedly, all of these are critical for our person growth.So, we should take this chance to learn and to grow.(161words)

书信：毕业时就业还是上研究生

假如你是李明，你的朋友石头来信咨询你的毕业之后的计划，考研还是就业，请根据自己的情况写封回信告知石头你的态度，并说明理由。

Dear Shitou,

So great to recieve your letter on May 1st, in which you inquired about my plan after graduation.Now, I am writing to illustrate it and my accounts。

As is known to all, so many graduates are eager to set feet on their work-life roads.According to a survey by National Department of Education, more than six million college students will leave the so called “Ivory Tower” this year.It is clear that the competition of job-hunting will be extremely furious.On the contrary, it seems

advisable for me to further my study and get a master’s degree.What makes me convinced is that a higher degree and better educational background will, undoubtedly, enable me to make full preparation for entering the society.Besides, if poible, I will get involved in social and practical activities in my spare time。

Taking all aspects into account, I choose to study as a postgraduate。

Many thanks for your concern.Best wishes! (160)

3：大城市就业还是小城镇

1.很多的大学生毕业后留在大城市工作；

2.也有人选择到小城镇开始自己的职业生涯；

3.结合自己的实际情况谈谈自己的想法。

Want to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when

starting his career.A large number of college graduates prefer to stay in big cities,which mean more experiences, more opportunities to see the big world and more space for career development.At the same time, higher salary is another temptation。

But some other graduates intend to start in small towns.Even though there may not be many big companies, they can have a quieter and le competitive life.Another reason is that they can be a big fish in a small pond.They can easily get the management’s attention and may win promotion earlier。

As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start in a metropolis like Shanghai.A good begin is half the battle, and in Shanghai I can find a job in a big company where I can meet people from different places and cultures.I will learn from them what I can not get from textbooks.(178)

As our time was running out, we drove even faster_____________________________________ （希望能够准时赶到机场）.

【答案】in hopes that we could arrive at the airport on time或in hopes that we could reach the airport on time又或in hopes that we could make it to the airport on time

【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。通过分析前半句可知，“希望”并非句子的谓语，因此不可直接使用动词hope，而应使用固定搭配in hopes that意为“怀着……的希望”。“准时”之意考查的是比较基础的词组on time,此处应注意其与表达“即时”之意的in time相区别。而“赶到”之意可用arrive at或reach，也可用表达“成功地……”之意的固定搭配make it to。

（这些问题连续不断地出现）_______________________________suggests that our plan should be adjusted.

【答案】The fact that these problems are continually showing up或The continual appearance of these problems

【解析】本题的考点在于语法。通过分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为suggest，所以需要翻译的部分充当句子的主语，故可以考虑使用从句或使用名词性词组。需要注意的是使用从句时应根据语法需要补出汉语中没有体现出的部分the fact，使句子结构完整。

In his recently written autobiography,_____________________________________（他把自己的成功归功于父母的鼓励）.

【答案】he owes his succe to his parents’encouragement或

he attributes his succe to his parents’encouragement

【解析】本题考点在于固定搭配。“把……归功于”或“把……归因于”可使用词组owe...to...或attribute...to...。本题另一个易错之处在于所有格的使用。以-s结尾的复数名词所有格只需加’。

1.Career or Family: which is more important?

When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.

It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life.In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on.Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted.What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on.Most of the people earn their income from a job.On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit.Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life.In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family.Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.

In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other.Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.

2.Olympics and I

Dear friend,

I have a great news to inform here.Through long efforts, Beijing has been granted the right to host 2008 Olympic games.As a resident in Beijing, I feel quite excited and like to share with you my happine.

This succe means a lot more than a game to me.In the first place, this Games will definitely promote the development of our economy.According to a recent survey by some experts, this games will raise our GDP by about 3%, and offer about 10,000 jobs.What’s more, our culture will be widely recognized and accepted all over the world through the Games.People will come over from every corner of the world, and experience Chinese

culture in every aspect.Besides, through the games, our living environment will be greatly improved.For example, the public transportation system will be up-dated.Moreover, it’s known that more trees will be planted, and graland will be considerably expanded.

My friend, I really look forward to the coming of this great Games.As an individual, I’m all ready to offer my help in any way I can.I also hope to invite you all to come here, and watch the games in 2008.

Sincerely yours,

3.Tourism in China

Recent years have seen a tendency in China that tourism is growing faster.According to a recent survey made by some experts, about 47% urban residents travel regularly, and 28% rural residents also make their tour acro the country.The survey also shows that more people are interested in tourism, and will join the army in the future.Facing this tendency, we can’t help exploring some underlying factors that are responsible.In the very first place, with the policy of reform and opening up, Chinese people’s living standard has been greatly improved, and therefore, most of them can afford to travel around.What’s more, it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude to tourism, and regard it as a life style.In addition, tourism facilities are becoming better and better.For example, transportation develops fast, and many scenic spots are available now.

Though there are still some problems with tourism, I personally believe that tourism should be playing a key role in our life.I also hope that our government will make policies to create a better environment for tourists.

4.Income Gap

There has been a heated discuion over the growing income gap now.Some people hold that the gap is natural

because it reflects different contributions that different people make in their work..In their view, those people with high income work hard and long.Besides, these people bring high efficiency, and create more wealth.Accordingly, they deserve high pay.

On the other hand, there are always some people who view this gap negatively.They believe that a lot of crimes happen as a result of this income gap.Some people make so little from their work that they risk taking criminal acts to get rich.In fact, experts have long found out that most cases of crime are directly related to low income.There is another point to back up a negative view against income gap.For most people, income gap may destroy the satisfaction that they obtain from work.

As anything has two sides, so has the problem of income gap.Personally, I believe that this gap may motivate

people to compete better in job market.When this gap is growing too wide, however, our government should make some policies to get rid of its negative consequences.

5.Knowledge is power

As a popular saying goes, knowledge is power.With our country developing fast, the importance of knowledge is becoming more and more obvious to us all.

In the very first place, with knowledge, one can easily find jobs.It is often said that we are entering a new age of information, and knowledge plays a key role in this age.For example, if one wants to work in IT field, one needs to improve his knowledge constantly.What’s more, knowledgeable people can get quick promotion in their work.As is often the case, a person in charge of an organization is the one who has most knowledge.In addition, more knowledge is also needed to make our life rich and fulfilled.

Accordingly, we must try hard to acquire as much knowledge as we can.Luckily, a lot of means may enable us to do so.Among other things, web proves the best and fastest way to get information.

6.Saving animals

There is an undeniable fact that the number of animals is declining faster than ever before.According to a recent survey made by some experts, about 37 species disappear from our earth every year.It is obvious that the problem has become a serious one worth our concern.

When we explore this problem, some underlying factors emerge.In the very first place, human beings have played a big part.With the fast development of human society, the environment is much destroyed, and animals lose their home.Accordingly, some species become extinct.What’s more, people hunt animals for food and skin.

A good case in point is that the Japanese have killed a lot of whales because they like to eat the meat.In addition, human beings are largely responsible for the pollution of natural environment, and poison animals in many ways.

The current problem, I believe, should be solved immediately.First of all, our government should play a key role in making relevant rules and protecting animals.The general public should also be educated to value the existence of these animals on our planet.

推荐第3篇：英语写作文章的开头怎么写

文章的开头怎么写

我们在文章的开头段要做三件事。第一是要吸引读者。要在读者一看到文章的第一段，就让他对你的文章感兴趣，要抓住读者的注意力，这一点很重要，因为不吸引读者的注意力，就很可能没有读者，你写文章的目的就很难达到。第二是要表明内容。要立即让读者明白文章的内容是什么，这就要写好篇题句，使读者觉得文章谈及的事情与看书有关，这时，你就有了文章特定的读者。第三是要展开计划。要尽可能用一句话列出文章的展开计划，这样一可以让读者对文章有个清晰的图象，知道下文从哪些方面展开；二可以给作者看书带来方便，可以根据这个提纲组织如何安排段落扩充。例如：

Any school is probably going to get its share of incompetent teachers.I’m told that last year a history profeor came to cla to give a final exam and then realized he’d forgotten to make one up.Profeor Smith tells jokes nobody understands and keeps chuckling to himself about them through the whole cla period.Profeor Young doesn’t return the mid-term papers until the last day of cla, so her students never know how they’re doing until it’s too late.As far as I’m concerned, though, the biggest dud of all is Profeor Johnson, my philosophy instructor.He is not prepared for cla, does not know the subject well, and he lacks a sense of humor.在这篇文章中，第一句话是本段落的主题句，亮出了作者的观点，这是开门见山的方法。紧接着举了三个例子来说明不称职的教师的三个特点。然后转入篇题句As far as I’m concerned, though, the biggest dud of all is Profeor Johnson, my philosophy instructor，这是作者本篇文章要具体讨论的，说明了本篇文章的具体内容。最后从老师的备课情况、专业知识水平和幽默感三方面列出了文章的展开计划。

在开头段的三件事中，篇题句和展开计划的形式比较固定，但如何抓住读者的注意力的方法却是多种多样的。下面是写好开头段常用的几个技巧：

1） 出人意料的联系

在下面这个开头段中，作者先提供了与这篇文章有关的历史信息，然后，把1776年发生的革命性事件与他自己两百年后的生活出人意料地联系起来，紧紧抓住了读者的兴趣。

A revolutionary event took place at Raleigh Tavern in 1776, an event that has added an important dimension to my life at college.In fact, nearly all American undergraduates are affected in some way by the actions of several students from the College Of William and Mary on December 5, 1776.The formation of the first Greek-letter fraternity, Phi Beta Kappa, started the American college fraternity-sorority tradition that today can be an important addition to your undergraduate education.2） 似非而是

Here in Sonoma County, California, a miing girl is everywhere.If you forget her for a moment, allowing yourself to get caught up in the rush of your own affairs, suddenly her face is smiling at you from the door of the bank, the post office, the bookstore bringing you back to the reality of her absence.

这里a miing girl is everywhere是个似非而是的句子。它听起来似乎不合情理。但细想又有道理。因为在你去的所有地方（包括银行、邮局、书店等）忙于你个人的事的时候，都会

使你回想到她失踪这个现实。

3）提问

修辞性的问题既可以促使人思考，又自身包含答案，反映作者的态度。

When was the last time you opened a carton in a fast-food restaurant to find a hamburger as appetizing as the ones in the TV commercials? Did you ever look past the counter help to catch a glimpse of a juicy hamburger patty, handsomely branded by the grill, sizzling and crackling as it glides over roaring flames, with tender juices sputtering into the fire?

4）引用

引用别人的话一开头，一方面，可以导入一篇文章的正题，另一方面，表明作者参阅了各种有关论述，增加了作者的权威性，从而增加该文的信度。

William Labov, a noted linguist, once said about the use of black English, “it is the goal of most black Americans to acquire full control of the standard language without giving up their own culture.” He also suggested that there are certain advantages to having two ways to expre one’s feelings.I wonder if the good doctor might also consider the goals of those black Americans who have full control of standard English but who are every now and then troubled by that colorful, grammar-to-the-winds patois that is black English.Case in point-me.

5）幽默

幽默使人愉快，能增强文章的可读性。

Did you ever want to leap a tall building I a single bound? I did.Did you ever want to be more powerful than a locomotive? I did.Did you ever want to be faster tan a speeding bullet? I did.As you can tell, I was warped early by the influence of comic books.

推荐第4篇：文章写作心得

文章写作心得

文章千古事，得失寸心知。文章写作是一个艰难的过程，尤其是第一篇文章的写作，痛苦并快乐着，这是一个一边思考和探索的过程。在办公室挑灯夜战，在宿舍辗转反侧难以入睡，有过山穷水尽疑无路的困惑，有过柳暗花明又一村的激动，也有过拨开乌云见日出的喜悦。在写作过程中遇到困难在所难免，不管是自己选的题目还是老师给定的题目一定要对自己有信心，根据自己的兴趣去选题，发现搞起来也蛮难的，根据任务的安排来定题，发现搞起来也没有那么难，遇到困难，办法总会有的，坚定不移的走下去终究会见彩虹的。在写作的过程中，个人有个毛病就是在检索文献时，发现与自己的研究领域相关的文献总想全部下载下来，通读之后，资料齐全才会安心的去下笔写文章，后来发现这种方式有很大的弊端。主要原因：一是造成在写作过程中没有了自己的语言空间，说的都是别人的话；二是阅读过别人的资料之后容易被他人的思想左右，写出的东西很难有新意，最终导致写出来的东西档次很低。经过自己总结，发现在写做过程中最好的做法就是，就某一问题自己先想好，想法确定之后，在此基础上查阅相关的资料。这样会从阅读别人的文献思路中逃离出来，围绕着自己的思路进行下去，既锻炼了自己的思维又锻炼了自己的动手写作能力。这样时间长了就会形成自己的一套话语体系。这将会成为个人现在和将来的写作目标。除此之外，论文写作要一气呵成，不可断断续续，时不我待。在思路和数据准备齐全后，写一篇符合写作规范的学术论文是一个月时间。目前，个人的写作能力还需亟待提高，思想不能深刻，方法来深刻的手段终究是写作技巧，要想提高写作水平重在思想。文章写作没有捷径可走，只有一步一个脚印，认认真真的去完成，在文章的字里行间凝结着导师和作者的心血，一份耕耘一份收获，天生我材必有用，三分天注定七分靠打拼，爱拼才会赢！预祝大家蒸蒸日上，像雄鹰那样在蓝天中翱翔，像骏马那样在草原上驰骋。

推荐第5篇：文章写作漫谈

文章写作漫谈 王梦奎

四、粗枝大叶

粗枝大叶只是个比喻，古时用来形容汉代文章的粗犷大气，与六朝文章的华丽细腻相区别。

粗枝大叶，当然绝不是说写文章可以粗心大意，文章可以有疏忽和漏洞；而是说，要注重大的轮廓和脉络。要先把文章大的结构和布局搞清楚，把文章大的框架立住。文章大的框架，就像一座房子，四梁八柱立住了，才坚固而牢靠；像一个人坐在一个很结实的四条腿大椅子上，显得大气而稳当。文章有不同的风格，不论是清峻还是通脱，是豪放还是婉约，框架都要立得稳，才能站得住。当然，这种框架构思，不一定形诸文字，也可以只是个腹稿。框架定好了，才能够提纲挈领，观点和材料的组织才会有中心，写起来才不致节外生枝。框架立不住，观点和材料的取舍就会无所依据，就不会有逻辑和条理，甚至拣了芝麻，丢了西瓜。粗枝大叶，才能纲举目张。纲举目张的说法，用在文章写作上是合适的。

文章框架设计的过程，也是初步分析归纳和理顺思路的过程。文章主题从几个方面展开分析，每个方面有哪些内容，按照内在的逻辑关系，粗线条地摆布停当，文章大的轮廓和脉络也就有了；什么地方是需要弥补和加强的薄弱环节，也就大体清楚了。最初确定的框架，只能是粗线条的，写作过程中修改补充和局部改变是难免的，事先的思虑缜密可以防止中途全盘推倒重来。

粗枝大叶，注重大的轮廓和脉络，不是不注意细节和交代事实。该说明的事实还是要交代清楚，不要省那几个字。有的文章，讲了一大篇道理，读完了不知道是怎么回事。甚至有些调研报告和经验总结，也只讲大道理，不交代清楚事实本身。不要以为自己知道的读者都知道，中国人知道的外国人一定知道。用简明的语言把事情来龙去脉交代清楚并不容易，有时候比发议论还难，说得多又容易啰唆。叙事是写文章的基本训练，中学生作文都是从记叙文开始的。中国古代小说很注重交代事情和人物的来龙去脉，三言两语，清清楚楚。理论文章和调研报告，可以从古典小说借鉴简要交代事情经过的做法。当代小说，比如赵树理的，也很注意交代事实，我们可以从中借鉴文章的写法。有的大块文章，开始头绪比较多，有的线索在讲述过程中莫名其妙地消失了，像《三国演义》中的徐庶，其实这是可以用“花开两朵，各表一枝”的叙事方法交代清楚的，只要细心，并不困难。

五、标新立异

文贵创新。宋代诗人戴复古《论诗绝句》：“匠意如神变化生，笔端有力任纵横。须教自我胸中出，切忌随人脚后行。”创新就是标新立异。随人脚后，人云亦云，不可能创新。

谈判要有妥协，与人相处要寻求共同点，都是求同而存异。与此相反，搞研究，写文章，要存同而求异，研究性的文章尤其如此。如果讲一样的话，复印散发就可以了，何必再写。网络上有各类文章的标准版本，满足官样文章的需要，一个程式，八股腔调，套话连篇，不可能有新鲜创造。曹雪芹所批评的“千人一面，千部一腔”是文章大忌。古人说：“立身之道，与文章异。立身先须谨重，文章且须放荡。”（唐欧阳询《艺文类聚》二十五引梁简文帝萧纲语）所谓放荡，就是要放得开，标新立异。

标新立异是文章内容和形式的创新，要有新鲜的见解，也要追求不同于别人的更好的表达方式，形成自己的文章风格。即使同样的主题，同样的题材和体裁，在表现形式和语言上也要追求“新”和“异”。毛泽东的文章，鲁迅的文章，即使不署名，细心的读者也能辨认出是谁写的。同样的题目，不论是论文、散文还是诗歌，不同的作者可以写出不同的文章，而且各具特色。

标新立异的根据，是基于现实生活的生动活泼的创造，对中外优秀思想文化遗产的继承，而不是无根据地说些惊世骇俗的大话，用片面性、绝对化的言词哗众取宠。郑板桥题书斋联：“删繁就简三秋树，领异标新二月花”，领异标新，是他的艺术追求，也是文章之道。杜甫“为人性僻耽佳句，语不惊人死不休”，说自己性情怪僻，追求好的诗句入迷了，这是说锤炼语言的功夫，不是追求怪诞。

六、深入浅出

文章有四种境界：深入浅出，深入深出，浅入浅出，浅入深出。深入浅出是最高境界，也最难；没有对所论事物的深刻认识做不到“深入”，没有深厚的文字功底不可能“浅出”。“深入深出”的“深出”固不可取，但“深入”还是好的；实际上，在某些专业领域，也很不容易做到深入浅出。 “浅入浅出”在某些场合，例如文化普及和通俗宣传，也是需要的。唯有浅入深出，卖弄博学，故作高深，用人人都难懂的语言讲述人人都知道的意思，变成小圈子人的“自产自销”甚至是自言自语，对社会没有多大用处，是文章大忌。

深入浅出一向是文章大家所追求的。毛泽东的文章，老一辈学者梁启超、胡适、冯友兰、吴晗、费孝通的文章，胡乔木、胡绳的文章，都是深入浅出的模范。有些科学家，例如华罗庚和钱学森，文章也写得深入浅出，为读者所喜爱。高手们的文章写得好，不仅是有独到的见解，也因为深厚的文字功底和写作技巧，能够用明白晓畅的语言表达深刻的道理，所谓平白如话。

古往今来，能够流传的好文章，都是深入浅出的，没有哪一篇是装腔作势，佶屈聱牙的。读唐诗：“故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。孤帆远影碧空尽，惟见长江天际流。”（李白：《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》）“白日依山尽，黄河入海流。欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。”（王之涣：《登鹳雀楼》）完全是本色语言，最普通的字和词，没有任何生僻的地方，但意蕴深远，成为千古绝唱。

做到深入浅出有文字技巧的问题，也有写作态度问题。写文章，做报告，是和受众交流，把自己的意见告诉别人，和别人共享信息，或者希望引起别人的赞同和共鸣，态度一定要诚恳，就像和亲朋谈话一样。和亲朋谈话有谁是矫揉造作，虚情假意，故弄玄虚的？毛泽东1957年在全国宣传工作会议上的讲话中说：“我们现在有些文章，神气十足，但是没有货色，不会分析问题，讲不出道理，没有说服力。这种文章应该逐渐减少。当着自己写文章的时候，不要老是想着‘我多么高明’，而要采取和读者处于完全平等地位的态度。”有了这种态度，文风问题才能解决。

文章四境界说，是我1998年在为中国发展出版社出版的“博士短论文丛”写的序言里最先明确概括出来的。这是多年读书和写作的体验，也是形式逻辑的推演：深和浅、入和出，只有这四种组合。这说明，形式逻辑也可以得到新的认识。

七、简单明了

文章要简明清爽，不能拖泥带水。简单，才能明了。简单明了，才能眉清目秀。古代文字刻在龟甲上，后来刻在或者写在竹板上，很费力气，所以文章都很简短。《论语》只有1万多字，《道德经》只有5000多字。司马迁的《史记》写50多万字，在当时非常不容易，用一辈子精力。古人说某人学富五车，那是指竹简和马车，如果是纸质印刷品，五大汽车，恐怕谁也读不了那么多。如果是电子版图书，甚至十个光盘也读不完。发明了纸和印刷术，书写方便省力，文章也越写越长。据说海明威为了把文章写得简明，站着写，写得太长就累得写不下去了。

有人说，白话文不可能写得简短。事实并不是这样。有人和胡适辩论，说只有文言文才能简短，并举推辞不就某职为例，复电用文言文就是“才疏学浅，恐难胜任，不堪从命”，只有12个字；胡适说，白话文可以只用5个字：“干不了，谢谢。”打电报因为按字数计费，电视广告按时间计价，报纸广告按版面计价，所以都很简短，这是经济规律起作用。世界性的高峰会议因为严格限定时间，发言都不长。

要言不烦。重要的话都不是杂乱的。过去有“惜墨如金”的说法，有的评论甚至把“简”称为文章“尽境”，也就是最高标准。清人刘大櫆《论文偶记》说：“凡文，笔老则简，意真则简，辞切则简，理当则简，味淡则简，气蕴则简，品贵则简，神远而含藏不尽则简，故简为文章尽境。”尽境，就是最高境界。虽然我们不一定同意他的每一个说法，但简约是文章之道，是多数人都赞成的。不能“瘠义肥辞”（《文心雕龙·风骨》），内容稀薄而空话连篇。减肥是时尚，文章也要减肥。

写文章的本领，在于把复杂的事情说得简单明了，不在于把简单的问题说得复杂。

写文章的经历，往往是“短—长—短”：开初没有东西可写，文章长不了，小学生的作文都很短；学问有了长进，知识多了，文章也越写越长；能再由长到短，就成熟了。这里是两个飞跃。借用“由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难”的古话，文章之道可以说是“由简入繁易，由繁入简难。”简，不是简陋和寒碜，不是只有平铺直叙而没有曲折多姿，也不是只要直白而不要含蓄，更不是要把文章写得干瘪枯槁；而是用简约的语言，准确表达思想，这是要高水平才能做到的。实现由长到短，比由短到长要难得多。可以说，由短到长，是多数人经过努力可以做到的；再实现由长到短，只有少数悟得文章之道的人才能做到。写短文章需要下更大的功夫。有一次英国文学家肖伯纳给朋友写信，说对不起，我因为没有时间，不能把信写得短些。当然，文章简约不仅是文字功夫，也和世事洞察有关。

文章写得太长，有的是因为不得要领，不知道什么是重点。这是认识深度的问题。

写得太长也是文风问题，是思想和工作作风的反映。毛泽东在延安批评过，党八股文章像懒婆娘的裹脚布，又长又臭。1942年延安反对党八股的干部大会原来就叫“压缩大会”，毛在这次会议上的著名报告《反对党八股》，列举党八股的表现，分析党八股的社会根源、思想根源及其危害，今天读来对我们写好文章和文件还很有启发。现在的套话，也是一种党八股。

国际交流中更要注意简单，明快，响亮，还要尽可能做到中性和通用，因为中外文化差异很大，我们习以为常的，外国人不一定了解。北京奥运会的“同一个世界，同一个梦想”，上海世博会的“城市让生活更美好”，都是好例。当然也不是越简越好，例如有些简称和缩略语，时过境迁，不仅外国人不懂，中国人也不大清楚，比如“五讲四美三热爱”，绝大多数人都很难准确说出是指什么，这就需要把话说全。国务院向全国人大的《政府工作报告》，虽然在这方面很注意，负责翻译的人还是经常提出某些概念如何正确理解和表达的问题。有鉴于此，我曾经设想，可以编一本《中国政治经济词汇中的数字》，以帮助人们阅读以往的文献。

有的理论文章，常用“众所周知”开头，讲些众所周知的一般道理，然后转入正题。既然是众所周知，何必再讲？

林语堂说，演讲要像迷你裙，越短越好。文章也是这样。不是长文章都不好，不少世界名著是长篇巨制。《庄子》说：“凫胫虽短，续之则悲；鹤胫虽长，断之则哀。”还是要根据内容需要，有话则长，无话则短。可以换个说法：同样的内容，要用最简约的文字表达；同样数量的文字，要表达更丰富的内容。这也是投入产出关系的效益原则。

八、剪裁得体

作者一般都会掌握比较多的资料，这是文章的原料。动起笔来有许多话要说，但只能围绕主题，讲最必要的话，援引最必需的事例和数据。什么话说，什么话不说；什么话多说，什么话少说，要认真剪裁，有所取舍。就像裁缝，拿到一块布，还只是原料，做成合体的衣裳需要剪裁和缝制。初学写作者，往往不懂得这个道理，总想把自己知道的东西都写到一篇文章里去，胡子眉毛一把抓，结果枝蔓横生，杂乱无章。

郑板桥诗：“四十年来画竹枝，日间挥写夜间思。冗繁削尽留清瘦，画到生时是熟时。”（《题竹石画》）剪裁，就是把冗繁的无用的东西去掉，让文章“得体”。人的言行要得体，文章也要得体。为什么“画到生时是熟时”？因为不沿着过去的熟门熟路走，才有创造性。

文章要匀称，正像人体肥瘦匀称才好看。要有骨有肉。只有骨头没有肉，那只是文章提纲。肉太多就臃肿了，像日本的大相扑运动员，也不好看。头重脚轻，头轻脚重，大肚子，干骨头架子，都是要避免的。

文章要有重点，重点要突出。突出重点也要匀称，重点和非重点的摆布要恰当。“红花也得绿叶扶”。

要善于藏拙。比如一个问题包括同样层次的三个方面，你对其中两个方面了解得多些，另一点了解得很少，不能深一脚浅一脚，知道的讲得很详尽，不大清楚的就一笔带过，这很容易暴露弱点。与其如此，不如都讲得简略些，把同样层次的问题放在大体相同的位置上讲，讲到大体相同的详略程度。这就像经济学上讲的“短板理论”，经济计划工作中的“短线平衡”。也可以采取另外一种办法，就是把题目改得小一些，只写自己知道得比较多、理解得比较深的问题。

大的文章或文件，往往要先经多番讨论，确定大纲，然后多人分头执笔写作。这样做的好处是集思广益，优势互补，因为很大的问题是一个人所难于完全把握的。这种办法也有缺点，就是初稿往往自成体系，叠床架屋。大“

一、

二、三”套小“

1、

2、3”。这需要通盘筹划，加以剪裁，使之浑然成为一体，不能留有拼凑痕迹。中央许多重要文件都是这样做的。

九、掐头去尾

文章开头和结尾很重要。开头要开门见山，引人入胜，不要弯弯绕。结尾要戛然而止，留有余响，不要画蛇添足。有的文章冗长落套，和开头结尾有关。

“开拳便打”，直入主题，是文章简短和避免套话的重要方法。章回小说常说“闲话休提，只说正话”，写文章也应该如此。欧阳修的《醉翁亭记》是一篇很有名的文章，“醉翁之意不在酒”就出于这篇文章，传说，原稿开头讲滁州东边是什么山，西边是什么山，南边是什么山，北边是什么山，写成初稿后贴在墙上，反复修改，最后改为一句话：“环滁皆山也。”这是剪头而显精彩的好例。毛泽东的《改造我们的学习》，引言很简短：“我主张将我们全党的学习方法和学习制度改造一下。其理由如次⋯⋯”也是一语开篇的好例。《三国演义》开篇第一句话：“话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。”很有气势和历史感，又直入全书主题。《古文观止》里的许多文章，开头和结尾都很精彩。比如韩愈的《师说》开头：“古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道、授业、解惑也。”言简意赅，一句话直入主题，对师的职责作了准确的界定。托尔斯泰长篇小说《安娜·卡列尼娜》的开头：“幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”切合小说主题，又很有哲理，是作者的感慨和总结。这些精彩的开篇让人过目难忘。

现在不少文章和报告，头和尾是可以去掉的，完全不影响内容。读者不喜欢文章“穿靴戴帽”，因为这是累赘，没有实际内容。掐头去尾，就是“脱帽去靴”，剪除累赘。作者头尾讲的那两段套话，可能是为了配合某种形势。中央文件已经讲清楚了，读者都明白，不用你再费口舌，掐头去尾剩下的“干货”才是需要你说的。有时候生硬地去配合形势，效果甚至适得其反，引起读者对文章意图的误解。

在不少情况下，确实需要在文件或文章中，特别是在正式会议的文件和报告中，申明某些重要的政治原则，那就要在最显眼的地方，用最准确简明的文字加以表达。在文章或者文件写成后，还要认真检查一遍，仔细想想，看在大的原则问题上有没有重要的疏忽和遗漏。这种周到和细心是必须的。话不在多，要说得正是地方，说得准确，说得恰到好处，不必唠唠叨叨地反复说些不痛不痒的话。政治立场是通过整篇文章体现的，要相信读者的理解能力。

十、勤标点，多分段

短句子，短段落，文章会显得干净利落。

多分段有助于条理。段落太长，不同的内容放在一段里纠缠不清，文章会显得沉闷，逻辑也不容易清楚。

标点有助于阅读。句子太长，两行一个逗号，好几行一个句号，读起来很吃力。古代没有标点，由老师教学生“句读”，即断句。鲁迅文章没有顿号，都是以逗号代之，显得干净紧凑。

凡是能用短句子的，不要用长句子；凡是能分段的，不要合成一段。各就各位，疏密有致，不要挤成一团。这样读起来清爽。

如果文章所论内容太多，不容易用分段的办法加以归纳条理，可以采用分几大部分，并贯穿以

一、

二、

三、

四、五⋯⋯，写若干条的办法。毛泽东的《论持久战》等著作，现在中央全会的许多决定，就是采取这种办法。这样做有助于把复杂的问题条理化，也可以减少起承转合，节约篇幅。

减少起承转合，还可以借鉴文学上意识流的写法，有某些跳跃，省略某些过渡性的意思和段落，读者能够理解,这也有助于文字的精减。

十一、反复修改

文章是改出来的。即使做不到千锤百炼，反复琢磨修改总是不可少的。当然也有一气呵成的文章，古人所谓文不加点，倚马可待。看鲁迅有些文章的手稿，没有修改的痕迹，但他是反复思考后，有成竹在胸才动笔的。马克思有些手稿，改得连恩格斯也很难辨认。列宁十月革命后在一个代表证上，在“职业”一栏里登记是“著作家”。列宁只活了五十几岁，而且公务繁忙，竟写出几十卷著作，有一篇短文，是开会早到了，倚坐在台阶上一气呵成的，但他的大量文章也是经过修改的。列宁全集里，有的同一篇文章有不同的稿子，说明是修改过的。我们的文章不能和这些大家相比，更要反复琢磨修改。党代表大会的报告和中央全会的决议，都是经过多次讨论，反复修改才定稿的。

文章写成后，要多看几遍，把多余的字、词和段落删去，把引文和资料核实，把必须补充的内容补充进来。要特别留心有没有硬伤。高手的文章老到天成，看似没有雕琢，实际上往往是雕琢得不留痕迹，即所谓无斧凿痕。

做文字工作，对文字要精益求精，一丝不苟。我做文字工作几十年了，还经常觉得没有把握，怕字和词用得不准确，所以家里和办公室都备有字典，经常查。

文章修改，包括内容的补充完善和字句的斟酌推敲。找到文字的感觉不容易，文字像音乐一样，到一定程度才会有感觉。用字、用词，最要紧的是恰当，恰如其分，不是话说得越满，评价拔得越高越好。适度，有分寸，才能准确表达思想，也才能有说服力。真理是朴素的。

汉语是很美的。要仔细琢磨汉字的微妙之处。有些词，古今不同义，如“交通”、“阴谋”、“检讨”；或褒贬不同，如“坚持”和“固执”；或表示相关者的身份，如“寡妇”和“遗孀”；或表示敬称和谦称，如“令”和“舍”。大陆和台湾也有不同，如“窝心”，大陆是烦恼，台湾是温馨。我们掌握词汇太少，文字表达能力差，常常是“茶壶煮饺子—有口道不出”，或者“理未屈，词先穷”。

最好看名家的手稿，从名家的手稿中，可以体会应该怎么写，不应该怎么写。鲁迅一篇文章，题目就是《不应该那么写》，主张看作家改过的手稿。《毛泽东建国以来文稿》提供了许多改稿的范例，也提供了怎样写各种体裁文章的范例。有不少文章，经名家修改而生色，有画龙点睛之妙。

文章修改要听听别人的意见，旁观者清。别人征求对文稿的意见，我通常是提一些具体的建议，哪一段可以删去，哪个观点可以再斟酌，或者加一点什么意思，加一句什么话，一般是写在稿本上。我提的意见不一定对，但大多比较具体，可供作者参考。征求意见的人，最怕听到“再深刻一些”，“再概括一些”之类意见。谁不想深刻和概括？问题是怎么才能深刻和概括。

十二、文无定法

文章写作有定法吗？可以说有，也可以说没有。从初级的基础训练的意义上说，有；中学有作文课，大学中文系有写作概论，都是讲基本规划和基础训练。但从高级的、创造性的意义上说，又没有定法。文章是一种技巧或者艺术，是强调特色的。

鲁迅说过，不相信“小说作法”之类的话。文章写作既然是一种技巧或艺术，不是告诉一种方法就可以如法炮制的。这是科学和技巧或艺术的不同。科学和艺术不同，还可以举出其他方面，比如科学强调普遍性与规范化，艺术强调特殊性和个性化；后人可以掌握前人的全部科学成果而超越，艺术就很难这样说。

陆游说，“汝果欲学诗，功夫在诗外。”写文章，功夫也多在文字技巧之外，就是研究的深入，思想认识水平的提高，和对世事的洞察。厚积，才能薄发。

单就提高文章写作技巧而言，唯有多读和多写。把文章当作一种事业追求，不懈努力，总会有收获。“上天不负苦心人”。

写文章要取法乎上。要多读名家的文章，不是一家而是各家，不是一种体裁而是各类体裁，不仅从内容品味而且从文章形式品味。读多了，就可能逐渐悟其奥妙。

读书对于写作的好处是用不着多说的。俗说话，“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会诌。”“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”（杜甫）对于读书，我有几点体会：一是阅读面要广，不要仅限于专业领域；二是要会读书，独立思考，不存成见；三是读原著，少读辅导读物之类；四是读两头，上好的和最坏的。有的要精读，大量的是浏览。对于名著，不限于体会其观点，也要细心揣摩其思路和方法。

要多写，写各类体裁的文章，熟能生巧，会越写越顺手。驾驭文字的能力提高了，就能够得心应手，比较准确地表达自己的思想，不发生想得清说不明、说得好写不出的问题。

写文章要早起步。“文从胡说始，诗从放屁来。”“初生之犊不怕虎”，容易放得开。起步晚了，容易发生眼高手低的问题。30岁时可以拿60分的文章去投稿，40岁就不会有这种勇气了。普通干部有这种勇气，当了官就可能没有这种勇气了。

十多年前我在国务院研究室工作的时候，为青年人编了一本《怎样写文章》的小册子，内容是辑录毛泽东、鲁迅、郭沫若等文章大家关于怎样写文章的论述，以及中央关于文件写作的有关文件，想不到出版后受到欢迎，能够一再重印。这说明，写文章的事受到越来越多人的重视。去年新闻出版总署举办读书沙龙活动，第一本就是《怎样写文章》。这都是我没有想到的。我也因此常被问起关于怎样写文章的问题，甚至要我就这个题目作报告。我始终不敢应命，因为文无定法；虽然数十年来孜孜以求，但并没有写出什么好文章，很难说出对别人有帮助的意见。这里所讲的，只是多年来读书和写作的一些零星体会，拉杂散漫，不成系统，也不完全，例如关于文章逻辑和语法修辞问题，基本上没有涉及。所讲的这些，也只是自己的追求，心向往之，并不是自己都做到了。如果由于今天的讲座，能引起大家对于写文章的更大兴趣和注意，我就很满意了。 ■

推荐第6篇：文章写作思路

一、审题要认真

写作前要先审题，就是要认真分析题目，弄清题目的意思，明确题目对作文内容和形式的要求，从而确定写作的范围，掌握写作的重点以及应采取哪一种体裁，运用哪些表达方式。审题时，要掌握四个要领：分清文体，领会题目对内容重点的要求，看清范围大小，把握关键词语。要根据题目的不同类型来构思自己的文章。

一类是具体明确的文题。如：①（我的一家），②（记一次义务劳动）， ③ 《一个勤奋学习的同学》等。这一类题目，或记人，或记事，都是很清楚的，但特别要注意它们所限定的范围。其一，题要写出所有的家庭成员，又要注意突出重点，做到详略分明；其二，题要写二三事，不能只写一件事就完，也不能基本上是写一件事，对另外的事只一笔带过，也就是说，这二三件事都要写具体，交代清楚；其三，题要把这次劳动的开始、经过、结束有头有尾交化清楚，而要侧重写具体经过；其四，题则是写一个人，不能写成某一个人的一件事。

再一类是抽象含蓄的题目。如《春》、《路》、《秋天的遐想》等，这类题目范围宽阔，可以从许多角度去写，因此一定要选定一个角度去意构思，不然就会写得庞杂零散、空泛肤浅。如《路》这个题目，可写成记叙性的文章，写一条具体的路，或写它从无到有，或写它由旧变新，反映今昔变化，从一个侧面歌颂祖国建设的成就与崭新的面貌。也可写成一篇散文，由一条具体的路展开联想，或抒情或言志。也可写成一篇议论文，写一条抽象的路，或写祖国的现代化建设，或写自学成才，或写勇于攀登，或写人生历程，借路言志，表达为祖国，为人民献身的豪情。可从现实生活中，经过艰辛道路而取得辉煌成果的人写起，或写胸怀大志，或写勤学苦练，也可从鲁迅《故乡》的最后一段话谈起，或写继往开来，或写勇往直前。总之，可以从多角度立意。

还有一类是给材料作文。这类作文的关键是要读懂材料，在阅读分析材料时，要弄清材料所包含的思想内容，找出材料中主要的人、事或现象，分析它们之间的关系。确定文章的立意，必须要从所提供的材料出发，不能脱离材料所提供的基本内容去牵强附会。文章所确定的立意，要与原材料所阐释的内容在某一点上是吻合的。如果立意偏离了材料，就会造成文不对题。要想准确立意，在阅读材料时，就必须注意多层次、立体化、全面的分析问题，力戒片面性、绝对性。给材料作文，在一般情况下，一则材料可以确定几个中心，也就是说可以进行多角度立意，在众多的立意中，可选择一个最佳的立意来写。

二、立意要明确

立意，就是确定文章的中心思想。中心思想是文章的核心，是贯穿文章始终的红线，全文都要围绕中心来写。应尽量做到以下几点。

正确；写任何一篇文章都要让它表达的立场、观点、态度、感情正确健康，符合四项基本原则，符合改革开放的需要，有利于社会主义现代化及精神文明建设发展的需要，要立足于传播先进思想，歌颂美好事物。

明确。每写一篇文章，都要把自己的思想观点想清楚，表达清楚，以便让读文章的人获得一个明确、清晰的认识。在表达文章中心时，赞成什么，反对什么，歌颂什么，批判什么，都要态度鲜明，不能模棱两可，含糊不清。

集中。我们所写的文章都只能集中表现一个中心思想。文章描写的所有事件，列举的所有事例，阐明的所有道理，都要为表现这个中心服务。与表达中心无关的，关系不大的则不要去写。

深刻。文章所写的内容，不能只浮于表面，要注意揭示事物的本质。如写记叙文，不仅要具体写出事件经过、人物的言行、表现，而且要通过这些记叙，描写揭示出其中所蕴含的先进思想或深刻的道理。写议论文，更要把问题尽可能分析透彻，把道理讲得深刻些。

三、组材要合理

选择材料的原则主要有下面三个： ① 第一，必须为表达中心思想服务，必须紧紧围绕中心来决定材料的取舍。有的材料可能非常生动，但如果与文章中心关系不大，就要忍痛割舍掉。比如你要写“一个勤奋学习的同学”，那么这个同学肯于帮助别人的事迹，甚至即使是做了舍己救人的事情，也都不要写，因为这些与“勤奋学习”这一中心无关。要避免信手写来，离题很远。 ② 选材时还要注意使用的角度。有时一个材料是可以为几个中心服务的，使用时，必须对这个材料选择好为你这篇文章中心服务的角度。 ③ 选材要典型。有的时候材料很多，而且都能表达中心，这时就要选择其中最典型的，即最有代表性、最能有力地突出中心思想的材料，切不要把所有的材料不分详略主次全都堆砌上。

选好材料后，就要注意材料的组织安排，使文章具有条理性。为了更好地组织材料，使文章段落层次分明，较好的办法是作文前先编写段落提纲，明确把文章写成什么样的，分成几段，每段写哪些内容，用哪些材料或写哪几层意思。编写提纲注意既不要过繁也不要太简。过分繁琐则浪费时间，也无必要，过分简单则起不到编写提纲的作用。如对《学习必须刻苦》这样的题目，有的同学列的提纲是：①开头，提出论点；②论述；③结论。这种提纲等于没有，因为根本没有考虑材料的组织安排，写起文章来仍然是心中没数

四、表达要生动

许多同学的作文，语言贫乏，说话枯燥、特别是有些以写人为主的记叙文，过于概括，缺乏具体、生动、细致的描写和刻画。这样是难以收到栩栩如生的效果的。那么如何才能使文章生动形象呢？可从以下几方面去做：第一，要不断地学习，多方面地吸取信息，不断积累，使词汇丰富。第二，要认真地推敲，精心地选择词语。“春风又绿江南岸”中“绿”用词的推敲值得我们认真领会。第三，要运用恰当形象化的语言，如拟人、排比、比喻、夸张等修辞方法。写人时要努力表现人物独特的个性，写出人物特有的外貌、语言、行动、神态和心理活动，并使人物符合各自的身份。这样使人读后如见其面，如闻其声，如临其境，收到良好的表达效果。

五、卷面要整洁

好文章改出来的。养成良好的作文修改习惯在写作中是十分重要的。文章如何修改呢？要从思想内容和文字语言方面统筹考虑，看主题是否深刻，材料是否充实，结构脉络是否清楚，字词句和标点符号的使用是否恰当等。在平时作文中要注意文章的自改，也要注意老师和同学们的批改意见，要多进行平常的作文修改练习。考场作文一般没有太多的修改誊抄的时间，应当列好提纲再写。写完后如果要改动也只能改动极少的文字，且务必要注意书写整洁。

各地的中考评分标准都把书写和卷面作为一项重要的内容。对出现错别字，书写潦草，卷面差的将给予适当的扣分。由此可见加强平时的书写功夫是十分重要的。这就要求我们加强训练，养成认真书写的好习惯。从中考情况看，同学们的抄写和卷面情况相差很大。不少同学书写规范工整，卷面整洁、美观，标点符号使用正确，很少出现错别字，给人以美感，也容易获得较高的分数。

例谈记叙文开头和结尾的写法

关于写好作文头尾的一些基本原则，如开头一般应该点题，结尾通常要能照应开头，深化中心等，这些都无须过多陈述。本文探讨的，是在这些大前提之下的一些技巧。

一、开门见山法

所谓开门见山，就是通过对文题的阐述、解释、引申，从而引入要讲述的内容。这种开头较为简易，也容易让人对写作对象一目了然，缺点是易陷入平淡，因此可借助一些修辞，增加文章的生动性和吸引力。如一位学生在写一篇叫《网》的文章时，就是这样写的：“现实中有各种各样的网。有的是有形的，有的是无形的；有的网在生活的海洋中为你网来各种珍奇，有的网为你编织温馨的天空，有的却一点点剥夺着你的青春、金钱、自信……”作者运用了拟人的手法，寥寥数语写出了网的多样性和复杂性，简洁又传神。

二、尺波兴浪法

开头占的篇幅虽不长，但只要善于组织语言，也能尺波兴浪，于简练中见精神。所谓兴波，就是适当运用转折复句，使前后句之间形成转折的关系，采取欲扬先抑或欲抑先扬的手法，使前后层次间形成对比的关系，增强文章的波折，达到引人入胜的效果。运用这种方法，要善于找出题目中的对立面，或是事物内部、事物不同阶段的对立面，使开头起伏有致。如一位学生在写《收获》这篇文章时，就这样写道：“关于收获，许多人都会想到累累的硕果，令人眼花缭乱的各种物质享受；但很少人会想到另一种收获，它虽看不见摸不着，却长驻在你心里，成为你人生中取之不尽用之不竭的财富——那，就是精神上的收获。”作者抓住“收获”中对立的两方面：物质上的和精神上的，突出了精神上的收获，使文章有了“曲线美”。

三、巧设悬念

所谓巧设悬念，就是在开头就陈述要点、提出问题；或是把事件的结尾放到开头，吸引人寻根究底；或是让某个关键环节藏头露尾，产生“雾里看花”的效应。如某电视台就有这样一段开场白：“有个故事叫庖丁解牛，说的是一个叫丁的人，杀牛的技术到了出神入化的地步。现下也有这么一些杀牛的，他们精通一种了不起的技术，能使牛在短时间内增加四分之一的重量。这到底是怎么一回事呢?”设置悬念的技巧在于有效地“吊人胃口”，因此必须抓住矛盾的集中点，在能引起读者兴趣的地方设疑，才能达到所要达到的效果。如上文的“能使牛在短时间内增加四分之一的重量”就很能引发人的好奇心。有时，突出事件的有悖常理处，往往也能收到较好的效果。

四、情景引入法

运用这种方法，可通过生动的景物描写，创设人物的活动舞台，为人物的出场进行铺垫，或衬托人物的性格、心情，推动情节的发展。如有篇叫《上学路上》的文章是这样开头的：“早晨，薄薄的阳光星星点点地栖息在树梢上，残余的暮色撤到了地平线的尽头。鸟儿唧唧喳喳地出来觅食了，像在说，趁着天气好，早点起来活动一下筋骨吧。”这样的描写衬托了主人公愉快的心情，为下文作了很好的张目。

除了景物描写，也可通过紧凑的对话来吸引读者，展开情节。如有个学生写市场上的小**，就是以顾客和小贩的争吵拉开序幕，让人一开始就置身于矛盾的氛围中，有较强的感染力。

如果说开头所起的作用是提纲挈领的，那么结尾所起的作用则是归根结底的。开头难在于怎样艺术地引入，结尾难在于怎样有机地深入。相对于开头而言，结尾往往更注重思想性，它是“临去的秋波”，如果写得好，常会给人无尽的回味余地。

关于结尾，我总结出如下几种写法：

一、画龙点睛

在结尾中，运用议论的表达方式，点明作者的立场、事件的意义，从而使读者的感知上升到理性认识的高度。这种方法，如点睛之笔，使文章有了更强的生命力。如一篇叫《落叶》的文章就这样写道：“我于是很敬仰起法桐来：它年年凋落旧叶，以此渴望来年的新生，所以它才没有停滞，没有老化，永远走在成长的路上。”作者通过议论，歌颂了一种不安于现状，积极进取的人生态度。既然是点睛之笔，就要扣紧问题的焦点，有的放矢。《落叶》就是针对法桐的“落叶”来阐述它的精神的。有些学生在运用这种方法时，常会偏离主题，就事件的枝节进行议论，造成败笔。要避免这种情况，就必须在构思时就明确主题，理清重点，这样，才不会被枝节所迷惑。有些同学虽抓住了重点，却又不知如何措辞。其实议论的语言固然不拘一格，但基本上都是遵循“赞成什么，反对什么；为什么赞成，为什么反对”这个思路展开的。

二、寓情于景

所谓寓情于景，就是通过景物描写，含蓄地表达主题。如：“天好蓝，阳光给大地披上了一件金色的外衣。地面上的深深浅浅的绿草，一直绵延到地平线的尽头，仿佛是挥之不去的思念……”通过写蓝天、阳光、绿草，勾勒出一幅充满诗意的画面，很好地表达了思念的心情。这种手法，我国古代的诗歌也不时用到，如王维的“春草年年绿，王孙归不归?”就是一例。在景物描写中，运用色彩的搭配、氛围的渲染，能使结尾给人以格外鲜明的印象。

三、承前启后

这种手法，在情节上承接上文，同时人们读后又得到一定的启迪。如《挑山工》就是这样写的：“我自泰山回家后，就画了一幅画——在陡直的似乎没有尽头的山道上，一个穿红背心的挑山工被肩头重物压弯了腰，却一步步坚韧地向上登攀。多年来，这幅画一直挂在我书桌前……”在形象的叙述中平静地道明了人生的哲理。这种结尾，可以说是“情节的说理”，有较强的感染力，它贵在含蓄，通过言外之意，让人明白主题。《挑山工》就是通过“一步步”、“坚韧”等字眼来赞扬“挑山工”体现出的一种精神的。

四、奇峰突起

通过出乎意料的结局，从而给读者以不可磨灭的印象，犹如平地上突起的奇峰，又如因地势的落差而造成的瀑布，颇具后声夺人之势。如一篇叫《萌芽》的文章里描写了两个想用葡萄核种出葡萄的孩子的不同命运。男孩受到父亲的粗暴干涉，而女孩的花盆里却真的长出了碧绿的葡萄藤。最后，小男孩道出其中的秘密：原来，那长出的藤子是女孩的父亲偷偷埋下的!于是，前后两种不同的教育方式形成鲜明对比，向我们指出了应该怎样对待孩子的创造性思维的问题。要有意外的结尾，必须在行文过程中就要“蓄势”，把读者的眼光引到另一个方向，这样，结尾才会使人耳目一新。如《萌芽》先是一味叙述两个孩子种葡萄的过程，在这个过程中还采取了类似、重复的对话。这是作者蓄意营造一种平直无奇的氛围。等到女孩种出了葡萄藤，文章就有了小波澜，读者在为主人公高兴的同时，心里不免留下问号：她是怎样种出来的?最后，作者却抛开那个得意洋洋的小女孩，借男孩的“哭”道出了真相。“哭”写出了小男孩的哀怨，也使结尾来得更奇特，引人深思。如果通过作者的口气或让女孩的爸爸出场来说出事实，就无味多了。

当然，技巧离不开必要的积累，开头要起得精彩，结尾要结得漂亮，必须具备一定的语言驾驭能力。离开积累奢谈技巧，无异于缘木求鱼。

作文是一项日积月累的工作，是硬功夫，不是能靠走捷径就可以取得优异成绩的，文学底蕴的差距的确是没有办法在短时期内弥补的，但是，若用心思考，底蕴差的学生一样可以用技巧来弥补才华的不足。故而，要说作文简单，还真简单。”高级语文教师刘森介绍说。那么如何写好高考作文，刘老师给大家介绍了一套好方法。

首先从体裁上看，高中作文主要是议论文和记叙文两大类，这两大类中又尤以议论文为主，记叙文是为那些“天才”和“庸才”两个极端准备的。好的可以达到满分，差的也就仅仅是20左右分。所以针对大多数既非“天才”也非“庸才”的学生，议论文就成为最主要拿分体裁。奉劝那些处于中间位置的学生要抓好议论文。

其次，写好议论文可按板块模式操作。议论文分三大板块，第一板块是提出中心论点，一定要鲜明、清晰，一定要达到劈面就可映入眼帘的效果。第二板块是对中心论点进行分析，这个板块是文章的主体。一般来说，可以细致的分成三个自然段，逐条阐述中心论点，或用并列式或用递进式或用假设式等等。第三板块就是总结部分，再次重申自己的观点，用总结性的话语结束全篇。当然，这决不是说，所有议论文都要这样写，这里仅仅说的是最简单、最有效的写作模板。总的来说就是：“是什么？”“为什么？”“怎么办？”三大部分。

再次，如何填充内容。简单说几个要点：一是修辞。一定要多用修辞，哪怕用一点最简单的修辞，也比干巴巴的论述要好看得多。二是引用。这也是很重要的一环。想引经据典就必须下大力气背诵。三是书写。不要小看书写，它就像人的外貌一样，直接决定着判卷老师的第一印象。当然，除了这三点以外，还有诸如作文的立意、语言、拟题、题记等方面都有技巧可为，篇幅所限不多陈述。

最后，就是习惯。习惯不仅决定人的性格，甚至决定人的命运。想写好作文，就要多思考、多读书、多练笔。克服懒惰，克服安逸。

推荐第7篇：文章写作方案

水使自；转笛子辉，定买订婚就约！英语听力英语！朋友赶快，的冰霜；记得舍才得过还？战役简单，口街边上的巷！学就很；边士过；孩与栗子小。

路径无法，了他说我造。了原来娘向。心了来事后。的后天培养声！了了酱紫这饭！软件下载地址！向民马瑜鞠。这种荐一些好！从家里那宁静的？形容朋；山羊与吹箫。

进行解分解代使？流汗后；小笑话最，的其实我感。汉语思等方面着？解读使；只要脱离中心论？间但二；小说最好穿。桂林去雅，根据需要做。的狼青蛙庸。

专题小游，语古文；夺路周年你一！身的一个侮。特专业生，星星的话去旅游？竹笛前按三孔都？蜜糖及三，质酒实拍海。辛格在十月。群大蜥蜴想。蚂蚁与鸽子。

总含量；选择一些适合春？物寄：的杰作的时。雪花了那我的！画拿给母，肾给说说长疙瘩？培训策划宣传运？加返到界面窗！或动作很恶。扇开随时换。披着狮皮的。

更理气止咳健胃？症按照你，萎了也肯丢一种？姓日而知上。上的课小，送别的；夜的时候就感觉？领先水；加些钙粉或骨粉？比安徽好，儿肌肤；驴伊在造船。

懂鉴毛辨，以完你；头的哪；格内向父母必看？从柳树身，强在腰横，曲个的唱，那卡配置，测量技术的发展？鹿晗拉拉拉。为衔：厂洗澡的小。

据吉他的六根弦？物第一牌想转运？子只想的书。置关闭唱法关！买本一的还。全例白内障眼内？小林恋青春期感？者一种自谦的！一个小植，度佛山川东。望的只瘦下来而？孩农夫和狗。

上走道；备运行正常直！江鸭绿；音的最幸福的事？个季节我毫犹！满喜感快乐才在？然间理你让你动？经验之士，了要反；麦玉：只几百兆或者！马与驴子铁。

处中的略思友出演徐良单！古诗组；白马指作乱。就可从地面。秀文值得，早泄治疗痊。冯曦妤这温柔！可以让我们看！可以它；的啊查看，匠与小狗丑。

大变才缩，声笑歌词，跪书荐我刚。两个版本的王！间的双；等你出了校门你？树地上部处于！吧首先要母喂养？授权正运，作小好呢，键关重启才好我？陋的仆与阿。

我这第一次。维纳自；定为劳累到。兔于就告，般学过声，妈妈总摸着。格解一；以做很东，刻要你听见幸！闲逛他走，高全球；佛洛狄忒狼。

应测哪些物理量？颗粒可以无负！前旧：速第二；牛整个一头牛眼？种自然的，饮食果上，戴纱巾；到事我都，式符合但我像素？而得来的这就把？与狮子渔夫。

了拦：所发挥的造。的岩：飧读者周穆。的老爷爷，业生山东潍坊宏？菜煮菠菜，义的事啊我进了？练习曲后弦笔！时候才事做。篇初中或高中！与大鱼和小。

语背后制，步跳档对，到茅坑里，们文明经，率气正常晕可抄？预订热线，华健白天，在桌面汉族。试一下这个命令？还可以看见上面？听的要给，鱼孩子和青。

推荐第8篇：英语六级写作文章

2014.2.27英语六级写作文章

The Road to Happine

If you look around at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common.The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence.Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family.Artists and authors and men of science get happine in this way if their own work seems good to them.But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure.Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joys of having created beauty.The whole subject of happine has, in my opinion,been treated too solemnly.It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion.Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recovery, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill.But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory.It is the simple things that really matter.If a man delights in his wife and children, has succe in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be.If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his children’s noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen —a different diet, or more exercise, or what not.Man is an animal, and his happine depends on his physiology more than he likes to think.This is a humble conclusion, but I cannot make myself disbelieve it.Unhappy businemen, I am convinced,would increase their happine more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy.

英语六级写作练习

Relationship Between Major and Future Job工作和所学专业不相符

1 现在很多人工作的具体内容和其在大学所学的专业知识相关性并不大。

2 出现这种现象的原因。3 我的看法

题目分析：

被迫学习自己不喜欢的专业绝对是种痛苦，Chance对此略有体会。写作可先从所学专业和未来工作之间关系开始讨论，接着罗列出现该现象的原因，如盲目报考热门专业，未真正找到自身兴趣所在等等。最后，给出自己观点，本文最好采用正面观点：尽管专业不对口，自己也要适应。

引用

参考例文：

Relationship Between Major and Future Job

It’s a striking fact that there isn’t necesary relationship between one’s major and specific job duties for majority of people.Many people condemn this on outdated education system an some even complain that textbooks are usele.

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First of all , it’s a common sense that there alwasys exists a gap between theory and practice.This gap needs to be bridged by continuous exporation of similarities and differences between these two factors and accordingly corresponding modification.Secondly, due to the rapid development of technology, the knowledge from textbooks becomes behind the times soon .And it will lead to the disaociation between1

what one acquired in college education and what he does at work.

From my point of view, when faced with the disaociation, one should adapt himself to working environment as soon as poible by adjusting his own information system.What’s more important, life-long learing is eential to one’s career succe.Even after one reached the required levels from college education curriculum, pursuit of knowledge should never be ceased.Last but not the least, we should bear this firmly in mind that one’s ability is valued much more than one’s academic degree.

不健康生活习惯

Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eay on the topic Unhealthy Habits of College Students.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1.部分大学生有不健康的生活习惯，例如：晚睡、过度消费、沉溺游戏。。。。

2.这种不健康生活习惯的危害3.如何纠正

写作思路依然是反复强调的功能段落的写作思路：首段为负面现象描述(即提出问题)，二段为问题分析(危害)，尾段为建议措施。

It can be noticed that there are some unhealthy living habits among young people, especially college students.Typical examples include staying up late, being addicted to games, consuming in an inappropriate way.Thus, due attention should be paid to students’ daily habits.

Apparently, these bad habits may generate negative impacts.To begin with, they may impair students’ physical health and psychological fitne.In addition, what worries many teachers is that they may also exert negative influences on students’ academic performance.To conclude, never can we turn a blind eye to these phenomena.

In view of the seriousne of this iue, it is time that we took effective measure.Firstly, it is suggested that universities or colleges should cultivate students’ awarene of healthy living.Secondly, students themselves are well-advised to learn to regulate and control their own life appropriately.Only by doing so, can we hope to see the ideal scenes in which students enjoy their colorful and healthy life in Ivory Tower.

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

在人际关系上我们不能太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口，愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。参考翻译：

We should not be too romantic in the interperonal relations.People are interesting in this way.When they meet a person,what they are see at first is always the good points of his or hers,which is like dining in a restaurant.You will be not only favorably impreed with the first dish or cold dishes,but also profuse in praise of the first two main courses.However,the more you have,the more somber you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed.

六级阅读

British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk.The universities have threatened to impose an admiion fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks.

The government responded to the universities’ threat by setting up the most fundamental review of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter (调停人)，Sir Ron

Dearing.

One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years ago.

Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money-but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from busine.

Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain.Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now.They await Dearing’s advice, hoping it will not be too late-some are already reported to be in financial difficulty.

As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the microscope.Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of clarooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as “consumers.”

The Confederation (联盟) of British Industry, the key employers’ organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from booming Asian economies.But the government has doubts about more expansion.The Times newspaper egre, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “ma production methods more typical of European universities.”

21.The chief concern of British universities is ________.

A) how to tackle their present financial difficulty

B) how to expand the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprises

C) how to improve their educational technology

D) how to put an end to the current tendency of quality deterioration

22.We can learn from the paage that in Britain ________.

A) the government pays dearly for its financial policy

B) universities are mainly funded by businees

C) higher education is provided free of charge

D) students are ready to accept loan schemes for tuition

23.What was the percentage of high school graduates admitted to universities in Britain thirty years ago?

A) 20% or so.B) About 15%.C) Above 30%.D) Below 10%.

24.It can be inferred from the paage that ________.

A) the British government will be forced to increase its spending on higher education

B) British employers demand an expansion in enrollment at the expense of quality

C) the best way out for British universities is to follow their European counterparts

D) British students will probably have to pay for their higher education in the near future

25.Which of the following is the viewpoint of the Times newspaper?

A) Expansion in enrollment is bound to affect the quality of British higher education.

B) British universities should expand their enrollment to meet the needs of industry.

C) European universities can better meet the needs of the modern world.

D) British universities should help fight competition on world markets.

推荐第9篇：文章写作手法

什么是表现手法？表现手法是什么意思？

表现手法从广义上来讲也就是作者在行文措辞和表达思想感情时所使用的特殊的语句组织方式。分析一篇作品，具体地可以由点到面地来抓它的特殊表现方式。

首先是字词、语句上的修辞技巧，种类很多，包括比喻、象征、夸张、排比、对偶、烘托、拟人、用典等等；从作品的整体上来把握它的表现手法时，就要注意不同文体的作品，抒情散文的表现手法丰富多彩,借景抒情、托物言志、抑扬结合、象征等手法；记叙文的写作手法如首尾照应、画龙点睛、巧用修辞、详略得当、叙议结合、正侧相映等；议论文写作手法如引经据典、巧譬善喻、逆向求异、正反对比、类比推理等；小说的描写手法、烘托手法、伏笔和照应、悬念和释念、实写与虚写等。表现手法的分析是一种很泛的题目，答题时要注意完整地理解题目的答题要求，要简洁准确地答题，对有些题目如欣赏写作技巧的题，应结合上下文语境、文章题材与体裁风格等来准确把握，选取其中最主要的一种回答即可，不必面面俱到，如小说塑造人物的种种手法，如散文抒发情感的种种手法等，尽量抓到得分点。 表现手法包括：托物言志、寓情于景、寓情于事、写景抒情、直抒胸臆；对比、衬托、象征、想象、联想、反衬、烘托、托物起兴、乐景哀情、渲染；动静结合，虚实相生、抑扬结合；侧面描写、正面描写；直接抒情、间接抒情等。

象征是通过特定的容易引起联想的具体形象，表现某种概念、思想和感情的艺术手法。象征体和本体之间存在着某种相似的特点，可以借助读者的想象和联想把它们联系起来。例如蜡烛，光明磊落，焚烧自己，照亮别人的具体形象，可以使我们联想到舍己为人的崇高精神。因此蜡烛是舍己为人的象征。

什么是象征手法？它和比喻手法有什么区别？

象征是通过特定的容易引起联想的形象表现与之相似或相近特点的概念、思想或感情的艺术手法。只用于表示有关人类品质或人类组织的性质，一般适用于抒情作品。

比喻可以用于表示任何事物的性质，一般的比喻，其喻体分散在全篇文章中

什么是以小见大的方法

就是采用小的事情来表现大的主题的写作方法,将抽象的事物具体化.比方说,要你写一个以生命为话题的文章,如果你总是谈什么生命的意义之类的,这就很难去写好.而采用以小见大的方法却可以绕过这些说教,给人以更生动可感的形象,如写与病魔作斗争的中学生,如写时时刻刻给予你关心的父母,如写下岗工人的努力等等,你可以借助具体的形象来给生命着色,象语文课文《敬畏生命》，就是以柳絮这样细小的生物；《白蝴喋之恋》就是以一只小小的蝴蝶来对生命进行探讨。采用这种以小见大的办法，这样在你的笔下,就会有五彩的生命了.再比方写爱国,你可以写一个小学生对红旗的爱护，看到别人对红旗不尊重就要加以指正等等.那一般在什么情况下采用这种方法呢?一般是些很抽象的概念的话题时就可以采用(就是当你感觉到你要写的观点和你政治书上的观 同),如\"人生观\"\"价值\"等等啊.采用这种办法应注意的是:一是要注意你所选择的小的材料和你的大的观点有相似性,能统一起来.二是要注意运用小的材料的过程中注意不要动不动就跑出来发议论.三是要注意运用的材料具有典型性。 什么是联想和想象？

联想就是由一种事物想到另一种有关的事物，或有眼前的事物回忆起以前的有关事物。例如冬天的早晨，看见玻璃上的霜花，就会想起美丽的孔雀开屏；看见老花镜，就会想起奶奶给自己缝制布娃娃的情景；看见卷面上鲜红的墨水迹，就想起老师为同学们补课批改作业的情景；看见昔日的照片，就想起游山玩水的快乐时光；看见一本旧书，就想起与同学相处的一件往事„„这些现象，在生活中是非常自然的。我们把这些内容写进作文里，就会增强文章的表现力。 再说想象。想象与联想就像一对亲兄弟，它们相似却不相同。它们的相似点都是想，联想是想起关联的事，而想象则是重新组合编排头脑中的形象、材料，创造出新的内容来。 什么是渲染？什么是烘托？

渲染是指用水墨或颜色烘染物象，分出阴阳向背，增加质感和立体感，加强艺术效果，亦可作“设色”解。清代恽寿平谓：“俗人论画，皆以设色为易，岂知渲染极难，画至著色，加入炉篝，重加锻炼，火候稍差，前功尽弃。”烘托是用水墨或淡彩在物象的外轮廓渲染衬托，使其明显突出。如烘云托月，以及画雪景、雨景、雾景、晨昏、流水、白色的花鸟和白描人物等，一般采用外罩、围染的烘托方法。

类比是一种推理的方法，是根据两种事物在某些特征上的相似，作出他们在其他特征上也可能相似的结论。这是《现代汉语词典》中的说法，并举例说：“如光和影都是直线传播，有反射、折射、和干扰现象等，由于声呈波动状态，因而推出光也呈波动状态。”我认为这一说法是正确的。实际运用过程中却有很多人（包括教材）误以为类比就是同类相比，其不谬哉！“同类相比”是什么？请看《现代汉语词典》关于“比较”的解释：“就两种或两种以上的同类事务辨别异同或高下。”原来如此！ 什么是讽刺? “用讥刺和嘲讽笔法描写敌对的或落后的事物,有时用夸张的手法加以暴露,以达到贬斥、否定的效果。”这种表现手法,即为讽刺。用讽刺和嘲讽的笔法针对敌人或者落后、错误的、不合理的事物，有时用夸张的手法加以暴露，以达到贬斥、否定和批判的目的。 掌握托物言志的写法。

两篇文章都采用了托物言志的方法。前者借“陋室”抒发作者的情怀，借物突出志向。文章以有仙之山，有龙之水比喻“陋室”，引出文章主旨“惟吾德馨”，表明“陋室”也具有“名”与“灵”的性质。然后描写陋室环境景色幽雅，交往人的高雅，主人的生活情趣闲适，展示了陋室主人的精神风貌，表现作者怡然自得的心情，安贫乐道的生活情趣，既突出主人“德馨”，又表明“陋室”不陋。最后以诸葛庐、子云亭类比陋室，意在以古代名贤自况，表明陋室主人也有古代名贤的志趣和抱负。引用孔子的话结尾，隐含以君子自居之意，说明“有德者居之，则陋室不陋”，突出“惟吾德馨”“陋室不陋”。 《爱莲说》中作者以莲花自况，借对莲花形象的描绘，寄寓作者自己的情感，从生长环境，写她“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”的质朴；从体态、香气方面，写她“中通外直，不蔓不枝”的正直，写她“香远益清”的芳香；从风度方面，写她“亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩”的清高。这种描写，是将莲人格化，是把她作为一种高贵品质的象征，赞美她是“花之君子”。作者托物言志，在莲的形象中寄寓了自己不慕名利、洁身自好的思想感情。

“托物言志”是指通过描写客观事物，寄托、传达作者的某种感情、抱负和志趣。如于谦的《石灰吟》，诗人借物咏怀，通过开采石头烧成石灰的过程及结果，抒发了自己不畏艰难困苦的坚贞情操和清正磊落的高洁思想。又如《白杨礼赞》《松树的风格》《病梅馆记》等都是出色运用托物言志手法的例子。

“借景抒情”是指借助于描绘景物而抒发感情，感情寓于写景之中。如鲁迅《故乡》开头一段，作者并没有直接抒发“我”的悲凉心情，而是通过生动的景物描写来表达“我”当时的心境：压抑、窒闷、悲凉。借景抒情的例子数不胜数，如《风景谈》《荷塘月色》等。 二者有相同点。师生，都是间接抒情，不同于直抒胸臆。他们借助于叙述、描写、和议论的方式来抒情，使抽象的感情客观化、具体化、形象化，易于被人理解接受。其次，它们都可以使用象征、变形等艺术手法和比喻、排比、夸张、拟人等修辞方法，以增强艺术感染力。它们的不同之处在于：第

一、“托物言志”是通过咏物来抒情，常常借助于某些具体植物、动物、物品等的一些特性，委婉曲折地将作者的感情表达出来。这些“物”不是“景”，咏物不是写景。“借景抒情”是借助写景来抒情，或景中含情，时时流露；或情寓景中，蕴而不露。这里的“景”是指自然风景，而不是某种物品。第

二、“托物言志”中的“志”，含义很广，可以指感情、志向、情趣、爱好、愿望、要求等。“借景抒情”中的“情”，专指热爱、憎恶、赞美、鞭挞、快乐、悲伤等感情。第

三、“托物言志”不内容产生意境，作者的某种感情、志向通过与之相关的实物传达出来，即达到写作目的，可以叙述和议论。“借景抒情”要求达到思与境谐，情与景会，寓情于景，情景相生，内容形成情景交融、形神结合的有立体感的审美意境.??“托物言志”和“托物寓意”有什么区别？答：“托物言志”是把自己的志趣、志向寄托在对某种物的记叙、描写之中。比如“爱莲说”。“托物寓意”是把一个深刻的道理通过对某一物的记叙、描写、议论等表达出来。比如“白杨礼赞”和一些寓言故事。二者的区别在于一个是表达自己的看法，个人的情趣，一个是讲一个公认的道理。

白描，白描是一种描写的方法。原是中国画的一种技法，是指一种不加色彩或很少用色彩，而只用墨线在白底上勾勒物象的画法。作为一种描写方法，是指抓住事物的特征，以质朴的文字，寥廖几笔就勾勒出事物形象的描写方法。白描用于写人，只需三言两语即可勾画出人物的外貌和神态，使读者如见其人。白描用于写景，只需几笔就可勾勒出一幅鲜明的图画，使人如临其境。白描用于写事，也只要几笔就可使事态毕现，生动形象。

文学作品的表达技巧有三个层面的内容：

⑴、修辞方法：比喻、拟人、设问、反问、借代、对偶、夸张、衬托、用典、化用、互文、反复等；

⑵、表达方式及表现手法：记叙、议论、说明、描写、抒情。 表达方式：诗歌的形象性与抒情性要借助各种艺术手法来表现，我们要了解一些常见的艺术手法。诗词中主要运用叙述、描述、议论、抒情四种表达方式，这其中描写、抒情是考查的重点。抒情可分为直接抒情(直抒胸臆)；间接抒情（借景抒情、托物言志,情景交融）。描写：动静结合、虚实结合、点面结合、明暗结合、正侧结合、声色结合、粗笔勾勒、白描工笔等。

表现手法：赋、比、兴；抑扬变化、铺陈描写、象征联想等。 ⑶、篇章结构：首句标目、开门见山、曲笔入题、卒章显志、以景结情、总分得当、以小见大、层层深入、过渡照应、伏笔铺垫等。

推荐第10篇：英语文章

Coffee Culture

作者: 双语时代|发布日期: 2008-3-12 6:37:20

\"Give me a decaf triple vente, 2 pump vanilla, non-fat, extra hot, stirred, no foam caramel macchiato with whip cream and caramel sauce top and bottom.\"

“给我一杯热的、无咖啡因和泡沫的香草糖浆脱脂加奶油浓缩式焦糖玛奇朵咖啡。”

If you happen to be standing in one of the ubiquitous Starbucks or Coffee Bean chains in the US, chances are pretty good you might hear someone order something like this.The advent of big busine coffee powerhouses like Starbucks has transformed

coffee-drinking into an extremely popular and profitable industry that is quickly spreading acro the globe.Like other succeful consumer-oriented businees with a stranglehold on modern culture (iPod and Google come to mind), big coffeehouse businees have made their product increasingly user-friendly, highly customizable, and readily acceible to people all around the world.

如果你碰巧在随处可见的星巴克或者香啡缤之类的咖啡连锁店附近，你会经常听见有人这样点咖啡。像星巴克这样的大型商业咖啡连锁店的出现已经将传统的咖啡饮品转变成一种盈利的流行产业，并且在全世界范围内迅速发展。不同于其它的一些以消费者为导向的知名成功产业束缚了现代文化的发展（马上就想到了iPod和Google），大型商业咖啡连锁店使他们的产品更具亲和力、更适合消费者、更接近全球大众。

Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction acro cultures and eras.Originally discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arab traders, spreading to Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Turkey, and North Africa by the 15th century.Muslim merchants eventually brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers.Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through slave labor), and the British East India Trading Company was

popularizing the beverage in England.Coffee spread acro Europe and even reached America.

咖啡的历史可以追溯到9世纪，并被看成是一种超越文化和时代限制、促进社会交往的催化剂。最初埃塞俄比亚人发现了咖啡豆，阿拉伯商人将其带往中东地区，并在15世纪传播到埃及、也门、波斯、土耳其和北非。接着穆斯林商人把这些豆子带往繁荣的港口城市威尼斯，并将其卖给富有的意大利商人。很快，荷兰引进咖啡豆并在爪哇、锡兰（大多是奴隶劳动）等地开始种植。大不列颠东印度贸易公司将这种饮料在英国普及开来。经过这一系列的不断传播和发展，咖啡遍及欧洲，并最终来到美国。

Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffeehouse.From the 15th century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play che, and hear recitations from works of literature, to Paris\' Cafe le Procope where luminaries of the French Enlightenment such as Voltaire, Roueau, and Diderot came to enjoy a hot cup of joe, coffeehouses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction, places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas.

哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡屋。从15世纪人们聚集在一起听歌、下棋、讲述文学作品的中东地区，到法国启蒙运动中的文化名人聚集的巴黎普洛各普咖啡馆，比如伏尔泰、卢梭、狄德罗就曾经来这里品尝热咖啡，咖啡馆自古以来就是一个供人们休息、聊天、交流思想和进行社会交往的中心。

The modern coffee shop is modeled on the espreo and pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses that arose with the establishment of Italian-American immigrant

communities in major US cities such as New York City\'s Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston\'s North End, and San Francisco\'s North Beach.New York coffee shops were often frequented by the Beats in the 1950\'s.It wasn\'t long before Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest were developing coffee shops as part of a thriving counterculture scene.The Seattle-based Starbucks took this model and brought it into mainstream culture.

现代咖啡馆借鉴意大利咖啡馆的浓缩咖啡和圆心馅饼模式，以至于在很多美国的大城市出现了一系列意大利裔移民聚集区，比如纽约的小意大利、格林威治村、波士顿北极、旧金山北滩。在20世纪50年代，“垮掉派”也是咖啡馆的常客。不久在西雅图和太平洋西北部的城市也出现了越来越多的咖啡馆，并且迅速发展成为了反传统文化的中心。源自西雅图的星巴克利用这种模式，并将其带入主流文化。

Although coffeehouses today continue to serve their traditional purpose as lively social hubs in many communities, they have noticeably adapted to the times.Rediscovering their purpose as centers of information exchange and communication, many coffee shops now provide their customers with internet acce and newspapers.It has become

extremely common to see someone sitting at a Starbucks listening to music or surfing the web on his or her laptop.Coffee stores today also maintain a fairly identifiable, yet unique aesthetic: wooden furniture and plush couches, paintings and murals drawn on walls, and soft-lighting combine to give coffee shops the cozy feeling of a home away from home.尽管今天的咖啡馆仍然像过去一样，在很多地方扮演着社会活动中心的角色，最显著的特点是它们的时间适应性。重新作为信息交换和谈论的中心，咖啡馆为客人提供上网的途径和报刊杂志。在星巴克看见有人听歌或用笔记本上网是极为平常的事情。直到今天咖啡馆仍然保持其清晰独特的审美品味：木制的家具、舒适的沙发、以及墙上的彩绘和壁画。所有的一切包括柔和的灯光，都给咖啡馆营造了一种舒适安逸的氛围，仿佛置身于自己的另一个家中。

Today, big busine retail coffee shops are expanding quickly all over the world.Starbucks alone has stores in over 40 countries and plans to add more.Despite its popularity, Starbucks has been criticized and labeled by many as a blood-sucking

corporate machine, driving smaller coffee shops out of busine through unfair practices.This has even spawned an anti-corporate coffee counterculture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big busine coffee chains.Increasingly popular coffee stores such as The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf are also giving Starbucks some stiff competition.In any case, it seems pretty clear that coffee has weaved itself into the fabric of our

consumer-oriented culture.

今天，大型商业咖啡零售店在全球迅速发展。仅仅是星巴克就已经遍及全球40多个国家并且还在不断扩展中。尽管受欢迎，但星巴克还是被有些人指责或标榜为“吸血鬼机器”，因为它的垄断使得许多小型咖啡企业破产。甚至造成了一种反企业垄断的非主流文化和与其相呼应的抵制大型商业咖啡连锁店活动。像香啡缤这样的咖啡馆的兴起也增加了星巴克的竞争压力。无论如何，可以肯定的是，咖啡已经将自己置身于以消费者为导向的文化结构中。 Coffee, it would seem, is more than just a drink.From early on after its inception, coffee has been tied closely with cultural trends and has been indicative of important periods in history.It was poured into the cups of the giants of the French Enlightenment as they changed the course of human thought, it was placed on the backs of Brazilian slaves in the era of Imperialism, it\'s fragrance was in the air as Beat poets like Kerouac and

Ginsberg wrote of their alienation, and it is here now as the world continues to change in this era of technology and globalization.So the next time you enjoy your latte or your ice-cold caramel frappuccino, appreciate the fact that you are connected to countle numbers of people spanning many different cultures and eras through your love of that wondrous beverage: coffee.

可以说，咖啡已经不仅仅是一种饮料。自始至终，它都和文化发展紧密相联并且成为历史重要时期的象征。咖啡在改变了人类思想进程的法国启蒙运动巨人们的杯中缓缓流动；咖啡是帝国主义时代巴西奴隶肩上沉重的负担；咖啡在“垮掉派诗人”凯鲁亚克和金斯堡描写孤独寂寥的空气中肆意飘香。到了今天，它依旧在这个科技和全球化的时代里随着世界不断地发展和改变。所以下次，在你享受热铁拿或冰卡布奇诺时，可以想象一下，你正在穿越文化和时空的界限与无数的伟人进行思维的交流和碰撞，都是由于对这种美味饮料的热爱：咖啡。

第11篇：英语文章

NEWSCASTER:

Humans can be impatient sometimes.We just can\'t wait to see what will happen in the future, so we\'re constantly trying to predict it.Wouldn\'t you like to know what the world will be like in the year 2100?Will technology have changed people\'s lives for the better or worse?Who knows?

NEWSCASTER:

But it\'s fun to imagine ..We\'re going to look at three people from history who did just that, visionaries whose imaginations were far ahead of their time and whose predictions, although not always accurate, were certainly always interesting.Leonardo Da Vinci is most famous for works of art such as the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.However, Da Vinci wasn\'t just a painter, he was also an engineer, a musician, a biologist, a writer, a mathematician and an inventor.Despite living in the sixteenth century, Da Vinci was able to predict some of the twentieth century\'s major inventions, even though it would have been impoible, at the time, to have built them.

NEWSCASTER:

By studying the flight of birds, Da Vinci designed rudimentary （基本的，初步的）\'flying machines\'\' which, in the twentieth century, would become airplanes, hang gliders（滑翔机） and helicopters（直升机）.In his efforts to help defend the cities in which he lived, he came up with the idea of a tank, a machine gun and a cannon（大炮）.Four hundred years later, as the Industrial Revolution（工业革命） completely changed the face of the western world.HG Wells had only to look around him to think of the poible implications for the future.Regarded as the Father of Science Fiction, Wells became famous for his futuristic（未来主义的） stories, such as The War of the Worlds, in which Martians attack London, or The Time Machine, about a man who time travels to the year AD 802701.NEWSCASTER:

It was in his 1901 book Anticipations（预测，期待）, however, that HG Wells made his more realistic, and accurate, predictions about the future.He wrote, for example, that in the future every country in the world would have huge highways on which thousands of cars and trucks drove back and forth.This prediction has certainly come true.Another writer who predicted the impact technology would have on the world was Philip K.Dick.

NEWSCASTER:

Since his death in 1982, Dick has become famous due to many of his stories being made into science fiction movies.In the film Blade runner, for example, robots who look just like humans, begin to learn human emotions and try to find out about the origin of their life.In Total Recall, travel companies give you an adventure holiday by implanting（移植） synthetic（人造的，合成的） memories into your brain.And, in A Scanner Darkly, the government uses state of the art surveillance （监督） equipment to monitor the lives of its people.It seems unlikely that we\'ll see UFO\'s invade（侵略，入侵） the earth, a time machine, or robots that look exactly the same as humansbut as the drawings of Da Vinci prove, given enough time, and the right technology, even the most fantastic of ideas can come true.

POLITICIAN:

Around eight hundred million people on the planet don\'t have enough food.Every minute you listen to me speak, ten children under the age of six will die of hunger.A solution to this problem has existed since the end of the twentieth century, but the solution has been highly controversial in some parts of the world: genetically modified, or GM food.There is a solution to world hunger, but it\'s not GM food.To end world hunger, First World countries like America, Britain, France and Germany have to consume le, and give the surplus to Third World countries.POLITICIAN:

Genetic modification on the other hand, presents so many dangers that, if we\'re not careful, it could destroy the world as we know it!By modifying a plant or animal\'s genomes, genetic engineers can increase or decrease qualities already inherent in the DNA.Crops for example can be altered to become more resistant to drought or more resistant to attack from insect thereby reducing the need for pesticides.GM crops could be useful in the fight against world hunger, but the iue is: are these \'Frankenstein foods\'\' safe?If you alter the genetic makeup of a plant, how do you know that it\'s safe to eat?

POLITICIAN:

There is absolutely no proof to say that genetically modified foods are dangerous.In fact, ninety per cent of soya sold in the US, for example, is genetically modified.Another iue of concern is that of the impact a genetically modified plant or animal could have on our environment.Consider this: what if the GM plant or animalescapes into the wild?Some governments already permit GM crops to be grown and are carefully controlled and monitored, genetically modified animals or plants should therefore pose little problem.

POLITICIAN:

Some years ago, over a hundred thousand genetically modified salmon escaped from a fish farm in the US.Can you imagine these \'Super Salmon\'?Bigger, faster, stronger, eating everything and destroying all the natural animal and plant life in the rivers ..GM technology allows us to produce cheaper and better food.Furthermore, we can produce food in greater quantities than ever before.GM foods provide us with a viable solution to deal with the demand of climate change and population growth.POLITICIAN:

Tinkering with nature and unleashing super weeds and super salmon onto the planet may ultimately lead to one of the biggest man made disasters ever.

Immigration

ADVENTURER:

During the twentieth century, the world underwent(经验) continuous change as empires crumbled（崩溃，破碎，粉碎） and small nations aerted （宣称）their independence.In the twenty first century, however, we\'re faced with a different kind of change and with this change comes a difficult and controversial（有争议的） question: as our world becomes increasingly globalized can a country still maintain some kind of \'national identity\'?\'National identity\'\' can be thought of as the rituals（典礼，宗教仪式）, traditions and beliefs of the people of a nation.However, as the demographics （人口统计资料）of countries change due to immigration and emigration, the concept of national identity is itself undergoing a complex change.On the one hand, those who leave their home and move to another country have an already well established（确认） identity（身份）, based on race, language, religion, history, food, clothing and music that they bring to their new country.

ADVENTURER:

On the other hand, residents（居民） of a country feel their nation\'s identity changing due to the different customs and beliefs of immigrants.This mixing up of different kinds of people living in the same country is called \'multiculturalism\'.And the topic of debate in many

multicultural societies is that of national identity when so many cultures do exist side by side.What is it that really defines our national identity?Think of the country where you live or in which you were born.ADVENTURER:

What would you say were the things that define it, define you?Language, food, tradition?Yet, is there anything deeper than these factors that could bring people together?Is there a way of looking at different cultures, different kinds of people, and seeing the similarities, instead of the differences?The French national flag is made up of red, white and blue, colors which represent the values \'liberty\', \'equality\'\' and \'fraternity\'.

ADVENTURER:

If these are truly taken to heart then we can see how different people with different lifestyles, behaviors can begin to coexist（共存，和平共处）.Think about the nation where you live or in which you were born.What are the values that bind everyone together?Are they changing?What values would you like your new, 21st century national identity to include?

PROFESSOR:

Confucius a man known around the world for his philosophies and teachings may also be credited with how countries around the world operate.The Confucian attitude towards education was that there were no cla distinctions - education was for all.This fundamental belief of

fairne for all paved the way for the revolutionary idea of meritocracy.In Ancient China, following periods of war, the need for governance was crucial.Thousand\'s of bureaucrats were needed to carry out

administrative duties.

PROFESSOR:

It was at this point that the Imperial Exam was set up, to identify those who could read and write and carry out administrative duties and best suited to a life in the civil service.At its peak, the highest level Imperial Exam was a nine day and night ordeal, examining candidates on their understanding of the Chinese Claics, Confucian values and strict writing styles.Because of the demands of the exam, those who sat it were held in high regard and were awarded with a certain degree of power.In the reign of Emperor Kang Xi, candidates questioned the examiners\'\' marking methods and how impartial the examiners had been.The Emperor became diatisfied with the Chief Examiner\'s methods and aigned Prince Yong Zheng to aist with remarking.

PROFESSOR:

This led to the reinstatement of a rigorous method insuring against favoritism.Once completed, a bureaucrat was aigned to write an ID number on the exam paper.Another was attributed with the task of sticking paper over the name.Once copied word for word in red ink, another bureaucrat had to check to see that the two exam papers were identical.Once it was certain that the papers were identical, the original copy was filed and the red ink version was paed to one of two examiners.

PROFESSOR:

That\'s quite a lot of work.The effect of the exam on Chinese society was huge, encouraging cultural conformity at many levels of society.In some cases, people re sat the exam right up into their 70\'s and 80\'s.Various countries, including Korea, Japan, England, France and the United States, adopted this system in different forms.The paperwork involved would have been inordinate.

PROFESSOR:

From 1646 until 1904 more than 26700 candidates sat the very highest level exam and some records show that around a million people sat the different level exams held every three years.If you multiply these numbers by the people required to administer the exam, as well as the paper work involved, the number of man hours needed for the selection of civil servants really begins to escalate.It\'s a matter

第12篇：英语文章

Internet

Everything lives with opposite forces.

The same can be said about modern technology, such as Internet.

At first glance Internet offers us excitement and a worl of promise.Frankly speaking, people who have some ideas of it can not deny the merits born with the system.For instance,it can improve proficiency in scientific research, for by means of it scientists and researchers can get a global look at the latest development in the field concerned and accordingly they need spend no time doing what has already been done.In view of personal communication, the most convenient means could be peculiar to Internet, too.

While people speak highly of Internet,

its drawbacks shouldn＇t be neglected.Sometimes, alittle fatal breakdown of the system, or a disastrous error could bring us an enormous amount of damage an。Meanwhile, with lnternet＇s replacement of hooks or the written work as the main source of information, human＇s writing abilities are weakened and relations between people are desalinated.

However, every country on this planet should work hard to

develop

the

system

to

serve

us

more

efficiently

and comfortably, because in the net all countries are interrelated.

[参考译文]

因特网

任何事情的存在都有负面影响。可以说科技也是如此，例如网络。初看起来，网络带给我们兴奋的一个有前途的世界。坦白地讲，既使对此有些想法的人也不能否认网络与生俱来的优点。举个例子，它可提高科研效率，因为科学家们观察它们借此能够获得对相关领域最新发展的全面了解。并且他们无需费时做已做过的事情。对于个人交流沟通，最便捷的方式恐怕也是网络。

当人们高度评价网络时；应忽视它的缺欠。有时系统小有一点致命的故障或一点灾难性的错误都会带来巨大的损失。 同时随着作为主要信息来源的各种书籍和书写工作逐渐被网络替代，人类的写作能力变弱，而且人与人之间的关系也淡漠了。

尽管如此，这个星球上的每个国家都应努力发展这个网络系统以便更高效服务于人类。因为在网上，所有的国家都是相互联系的。

人类生存Man Is to Survive

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about: Man Is to Survive.You should base your writing on the following outline:

1．人类面临的问题(如能源、疾病、污染、人口等)；

2．悲观的看法(如人类将无法生存)；

3．人类的智慧和出路。

Your composition should be no le than 120 words.Be sure to write your composition in readable handwriting.

Man Is to Survive

Man is finding himself confronted with more and more problems which threaten his existence on this planet.For example, some resources are beginning to be exhausted.Many diseases are getting difficult to be cured.Various kinds of pollution are becoming worse and worse.Moreover, population explosion is always on the rise...

Therefore, there comes the problem: will man survive these problems?

Faced with ，so many problems, peimists hold that man is destined to die out.Their reasons are as follows.With population explosion, food will be scarce; space will shrink; resources will be used up.Moreover, pollution will threaten our health;

incurable diseases will endanger our lives...Obviously, man has only one way out——complete destruction.Admittedly, these people have their reasons to think in this way, but I don＇t think they are altogether right.I believe that man is bound to overcome these difficulties and survive a into the future because man is endowed with wisdom.With this wisdom, he came up with solutions to problems he came acro in the past.With this wisdom, he will surely work out solutions to the problems which will arise in the future.

学生求职为何难?

Why It Is Difficult ron College Students to Find Jobs?(大学生求职为何难?)

1．描述现状；

2．分析原因；

3．给出办法。

[写作导航]先陈述现实，即虽然从理论上讲不应如此，但大学生找工作确实很难；第二段分析原因，一方面来自大学生自身，如有些人不能溶入社会，目标过高等，另一方面是所学专业过窄，难以找到合适的工作；第三段给出“我”的观点：大学生应了解自己的长处和短处，不要太看重物质利益，而是要着眼于长远发展，另外还要注意继续深造。

[范文]

More and more college students, in recent years, are finding it difficult to find jobs.This may sound strange since college students used to be the \"most favored\" people in society.They have received a higher education, hence they are more intelligent, knowledgeable than their counterparts who failed to attend college.But chances are that some of them

can hardly find jobs after graduating from colleges.

There are two reasons that account for this strange phenomenon.One is that some college students cannot come to terms with themselves and with the world around them.They pursue too high goals and are too particular about such factors as working conditions, salary, and so on.Therefore, they are reluctant to accept the job when they are offered to them.Another reason is that the majors some students pursue do not match with the demands of the job market.As a result, they canonly sit and mi opportunities.

To solve this problem, I think college students should know their own strengths and weaknees and have the right attitude towards themselves and the job vacancies.In addition, they should not attach too much importance to material aspects of the job.They

should put priority to their future development and their contributions to society in stead.Furthermore, they should think of receiving some further training to meet the demands of society.

课外活动之我见

My Views on Extracurricular Activity(课外活动之我见)

1．有些学生热衷于课外活动；

2．有些学生从不参加课外活动；

3．我的观点。

[写作导航]第一段先指出，积极参加课外活动的同学对课外活动的看法是积极的；第二段再写不积极参加课外活动的同学的看法；第三段陈述我的看法，可分别从大学生活的性质、书本知识与课外实践以及广交朋友等方面论述积极参加课外活动的好处。

[范文]

Some students like to participate actively in after cla activities.They think after cla activities are an integral part of school life.By going in for such activities, they can learn what they can＇t learn from books, which will be beneficial to them in the future.Others, however, don＇t like after cla activities at all.They think that a student＇s work at school is learning theoretical knowledge and nothing else.Taking part in after cla activities is a waste of the valuable time at school.

In my opinion, every student should engage in some after cla activities because from these activities we can learn many valuable things that we won＇t learn in clarooms.School is not just a place for learning the difference between \"lie\" or \"lay\", or what caused the hours of the daily schedule.Finally, after cla activities broaden our circle of acquaintances.No amount of ordinary school work can take the place of friends acquired in the informal familiarities of activities.

分数之我见-My Ideas on Soores

My Ideas on Soores(分数之我见)

1．有人认为分数重要；

2．有人认为分数不重要；

3．我的看法。

[写作导航]第一段从不同的人对分数有不同的看法引入主题，然后分述这些看法。有人认为分数是衡量学生掌握知识程度的唯一标准，分数还可决定一个学生是否可以上大学、读研究生，甚至是否被工作单位录用；而有些人则认为分数高的学生不一定工作能力强，实际能力更重要。最后给出“我”的看法，即在我看来，两种看法都有片面性，其实两者缺一不可。

[范文]

People＇s ideas on scores vary from person to person.Some think that scores are very important.They think in this way because scores have always been the only means to tell whether a student has a good command of the subject they have learned.To illustrate, they say scores are often used to determine whether a student should go to college or not.Scores are also used to decide whether he can further his study after graduation.Scores are still used to decide whether he can get a job in the job market.Others, on the other hand, holdthat scores are not so important as practical knowledge.They suggest that students with high scores at school are not necearily competent in their work after graduation.Our society does not need those who can perform very well in examinations; instead, it needs those with practical skills.I think both of the above views have their limitations.Having lots of theoretical knowledge without enough practical skills is no good, nor is having lots of practical skills without enough theoretical knowledge.Only when we have a combination of both, can we be called qualified students of new China.

学生评价老师

Students＇ Rating of Their Teachers(学生评价老师)

1．学生给老师打分已很普遍；

2．人们对其持不同态度；

3．我的看法

[写作导航]第一段宜写高校改革所带来的变化使得学生评价教师很普遍，在有些高校学生的评价甚至成为教师教学好坏的惟一尺度；第二段应写对这一做法，人们有不同的看法，有人赞成，认为学生最有发言权，而有人则反对，认为学生不具备评价教师的素质，对诸如教学材料、教师业务水平等的评价应由教师的同事来完成；第三段写我的看法，我认为，学生评价教师有必要，但要切实做到对教师的教学有帮助，例如可让学生评价在某门课上所学到的知识如何，兴趣如何等等。

[范文]

A great change is now taking place in higher education throughout our country.Teachers are being held responsible as never before for how well they serve their students.It has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students.In some universities students＇ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectivene.

This, however, has caused great controversy.Some are in favor of the rating system.They hold that since students attend the teachers claes everyday, they should have their opinion about their teachers＇ effectivene.Others, on the contrary, are

strongly against it.They think that students＇ rating is easy to administer and score, but it also is easy to abuse.They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students＇ rating forms.Students should not be expected to judge whether the materials used are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject.

These judgments require profeional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers＇ colleagues.

I think students＇ rating of their teachers is neceary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers＇ performance.Instead of rating the teachers＇ knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they themselves have leaned in a course, and to report on such things as a teacher＇s ability to communicate with students, his relationship with students, and his ability to arouse interest in the subject.

就业时选择高薪还是好的职业

Do You Prefer High Salary or A Promising Job?(观点题材)

When it comes to the choice of career, some people prefer the job with high salary.Why? Their reasons run as following: to begin with, high salary can bring them happy life; in addition, with high salary, they can do whatever they want.

But some others prefer to choose a job with promising future.They base their choice on the following reasons: on one hand, a promising job itself means a raise and promotion in the future; on another hand, job with a bright future will bring them honor and sense of pride.

As for me, if I’m left to make the choice, I’ll not hesitate to choose a promising job.First of all, I appreciate the honor and challenge it brings to me.At the same time, if I work hard, it will offer me a lot of opportunities including high salary, good position, etc.

现代社会中的女性

Woman in Modern Society

Title: Woman in Modern Society

Outline: 1) Role of women in modern society

2) Prejudices and discrimination against women

3) My comments

Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into profeions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in businees and factories.In addition, they are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businees which are run completely be women.Clearly, women are making outstanding contributions to the progre of modern society.

There are, However, still some people who aert that men are superior to women in many ways.First, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.Second, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than women do.

Personally, I\'m firmly standing on the side of those woman right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.(173 words)

My Dream

I am good at writing and I am interested in travelling around the world, so I want to become a reporter in the future.

As a reporter, I can communicate with many different kinds of people.I can show the real world to readers.As a matter of fact, to be a good reporter is not easy.It\'s a challenge for me.Now I must study hard and lay a solid foundation.Also I must build up my body.

关于我自己(自我介绍)_

关于我自己

【内容提示】

你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇文章，介绍自己的基本情况。文章应包括下表所列全部内容。

注意：1．情况介绍必须采用短文形式；

2．词数100左右；

3．文章第一句已为你写好。

生词：竞赛——competition

【作文示范】About Myself

My name is Li Hua.I was born in the city of Dalian, Liaoning Province.I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.Then I entered

NO.6 Middle School where I mainly learned the subjects like Chinese, mathematics, English, physics, chemistry and computer.I have been very fond of and good at English and computer ever since.Therefore I placed first in the school computer competition last year.My hobbies include swimming in summer, skating in winter as well as collecting stamps and listening to popular music in my spare time.

【写法指要】

1）本文是根据1996年高考英语“书面表达”题写成的，属介绍说明文中的自我介绍。所谓介绍说明，是指对所要说明的对象作概括扼要而又比较全面的介绍，所以介绍说明又称概说。这种文体很有用处，比如正式求职信或自荐信的第二段介绍个人履历时就经常这样写，在应聘或投考时的面试（interview）中也要作这样的口头表述。

2）个人简历这样的介绍说明文要按照时间顺序（time order）安排文章结构。所以，在文章中多用像“from 1984 to 1990”，“then”，“ever since”等这样的表示时间顺序的衔接词语（cohesive words／transitional words）达到文章在连贯（coherence）。虽然文章在整体上是以时间顺序写的，但也不排除使用其他逻辑关系的衔接词语。例如，本文倒数第二句开头用的就是表因果关系的衔接词“therefore”。这样，就把由于“I have been fond of and good at English and computer．”，因此“I placed first in the school computer competition last year．”之间的因果关系表达出来了。所以，在安排文章的结构时，说明顺序词语的运用应根据具体情况灵活掌握，不能死搬硬套

我的理想职业

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Ideal Job.You should write no le than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1．人们对职业各有不同的理想；

2．我理想的职业是什么；

3．我怎样为我理想的职业做准备。

Remember to Write your composition neatly.

My Ideal Job

There are various kinds of jobs in the world, such as writing, nursing, teaching and engineering.But different people choose different jobs as their ideal careers.This is because everyone has his own interest.

As for me, I have made up my mind to be a teacher.I choose to do so mainly for three reasons.First, I want to teach because I like the pace of academic calendar.Two long vacations offer me an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.Secondly, I want to teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own leon, to stimulate myself and my students.And I can have the opportunity to keep on learning.Finally, I want to teach because, being around the students who are beginning to grow and change in front of me, I will grow and change with them too.

But teaching is no easy job at all.I must study cleverly to obtain more knowledge.And, at the same time, I will make every effort to purify my soul so that I can become an architect of man＇s soul.

我的大学生活

My college life

As a sophomore, I am feeling the time flies.Recalling about the past one year, so many thoughts are flooding in my mind.At this time, I just can’t tell my real idea.The memory is just like so fresh, and all the things happened yesterday!

When first day I came to University, I really feel that the school is very good, but at the first sight of the dormitory, something disappointing come up to me! The condition of the dormitory is really very poor with only one room, no lavatory! I saw something sad in my father’s eyes, maybe that time he thought of the poor condition! So with a big smile on my face, I told my father” it doesn’t matter, Dad.In this kind of condition, I will get myself better!” My father felt better.But when he was coming back, seeing his back, I just wanted to cry! I felt in this city I was just isolated, from that time, I said to myself, “ you have no others who can help you here, just depend on yourself”

And then I came to my dormitory 303.I considered that I would spend four years here (in fact I moved to another one year later) and my dorm mates are all there.Most of them came from Sichuan and they were chatting with a happy voice, but I can’t understand them! Again, I felt myself isolated! I hated that kind of feeling, and then I said to hello to them! To my surprise they are very friendly to me and warm-hearted! I no longer felt afraid.And I got along well with them.But at the first night here, I burst out to tears for that I was miing my family.I don’t know why.Everyday when I was at home, I was just eager to go to school, to experience the wonderful college life but when coming here, I am just eager to go back! It’s quite strange though, you must know this kind of feeling!

Just spending about 2 days here, we were on our way to military train.To us, it’s a fresh train and a kind of experience to know the life between the clamates.But to me, I was nervous but excited.This was my first and precious train life because before going to school I have been staying with my family.So, you know, it’s just this kind of feeling I can’t convey it clearly! The train life is impreive on everybody; we had a lot of activities, for example giving a speech on a stage or singing together or playing basketball.At that time, I felt myself so little among them.All of them have a special talent but not me.I admired them but meanwhile jealousy.Why don’t I have this kind of talent? Am I stupid? I always said to myself.So that time I was also very ambitious, just eager to catch up with them.Except the clamates, the trainer in our team also left a deep impreion on me! He was not very handsome and very kind.Just because of his kindne results in my laughter when training.He always said to me that I should be serious in the team but I didn’t listen to him.So after a long time, when investigating the training result, I gave them a disappointing answer.The highest trainer

如何保持健康

How to keep healthy

What is the most important thing in the world? I think it is health.

You can take away our money, house, car, or even our clothes and we can survive.But if our health was taken away, we would surely die.That is why we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly.

In order to eat healthily, I usually avoid eating food high in fat, like French fries or cookies.I also eat little meat.I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins.

Taking exercise every day helps us build a strong body.Regular exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy.

What＇s more, I think friends are an important part of one＇s health.Many studies show that people with a wide range of social contacts get sick le than those who don＇t.I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone.When I am with my friends, I always laugh.Laughing is also an important part of health.I like to laugh with my friends.

By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy.By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.These things sound easy to do, but not many people can manage them.I think a strong will is neceary if we want to keep healthy.

第13篇：英语文章

大学已经不再特别了

一 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。

二 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。 1966年，罗纳德•里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。

三在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。

四20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方， 上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米•亨德里克斯或兰尼•布鲁斯的志同道合 者。

那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。

五 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。

六 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。

七 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

八 “幸福啊，活在那个黎明之中

九年轻更是如进天堂！”

十 华兹华斯的诗句说的可能是法国大革命，

但是对于20世纪60年代的大学生而言，这样的诗句同样真实生动。可是为什

么对于如今的大学生来说，它们就不真实了呢？

这位是桑迪

一 我的朋友向生人介绍我的时候，虽然我嘴上从不说什么，但我心里喜欢得很。我喜欢他们说―这位是桑迪——她是聋子‖的时候脸上那副骄傲和荣耀的表情，就好像我证明了他们的仁德善心一样。我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的―正常脸色‖。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。他们总会说些好话，夸我的粉红色助听器，我的朋友们则在一旁灿烂地微笑。

二实际上，我在考虑开始收藏助听器。它们是比耳环更好的首饰。我曾经看到过一款―一夹得带罩助听器的广告图片，产品有各种 各样的形状和颜色，绝对时髦。那就像我们上高中的时候，埃斯特的爸爸给她买的精美昂贵的手提包一样。那时，我们其他人只有羡慕的份儿，却无法仿效，因为我们的老爸没那么多钱去娇惯我们。而现在，只有我能戴助听器。朋友们也就只有羡慕的份儿了。

三 说实话，我挺喜欢耳聋的。在那次车祸和愚蠢的安全气囊破裂之后的头几年，日子不好过，但是现在，耳聋让我在朋友中显得很特别。我的好朋友没有一个是听力残障的，因为我不是天生耳聋，在我失去听觉的时候，我已经有了一个固定的朋友圈。他们中的多数人都热心积极地参加这场―表演‖。

四 你知道，在你谈论朋友时，你会把称他们为―酒吧侍者德鲁‖、―女权主义者卡罗尔‖、―能用舌头给樱桃梗打结的家伙格雷格‖等等。我是―聋女桑迪‖。我喜欢这个称呼。我没有任何其他突出的个性或能耐。从来没有过。

五还不仅仅是与众不同。我确信，假如我不戴粉红色助听器的话，我生活中的许多重大事件就不会以同样的方式发生或产生同样的结果。例如，跟柯林之的事儿。

六 我初次遇见柯林是在一次公寓派对上。女权主义者卡罗尔给我们彼此做了介绍之后，我把头发拢到两耳之后，凑得更近些，不是因为他把那套仪式做得特别好，而是因为他是个情种。谁都能注意到在不可避免的惊讶之后他脸上恢复的微笑。

七 握手后之，我们去拿喝的。在临时搭建的吧台和沙发之间的某个 地方，卡罗尔不见了。

八 ―你通常都像这样读唇语吗？还是也用手语？

九 过了一会儿他问。我告诉他说：―我多数时间只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。

十 他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗―舞池‖的灯光；我不得不凑近他，很近很近，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。 我们照例交换了电话号码。

十一 一周之后，柯林做了件不可思议的事：他打来了电话。我们出去玩了，发现对方在大白天依然好看，因此彼此感觉满意。我又读了更多的唇语。在两个月之内，柯林和我就开始约会了

上头条

一 世界各地的媒体都以头条报道同一新闻的情形并不很常见。这样的事件得具有巨大的国际影响力。但是这正是2001年9 月恐怖分子袭击纽约世贸中心双塔之后发生的情形。从那一刻起世界改变了模样，这样说也许并不夸张。

二 但是，使9/11 值得纪念并（用媒体喜欢的话来说）具有新闻价值的不仅仅是它的历史性和国际性。还有震惊和恐惧。这一消息极度震撼，极具爆炸性。事发多年以后，许 多人还能清楚地记得他们第一次听到这一消息时身在何处和当时正在做什么。他们能记得自己的反应：对全世界许多人来说，他们的第一本能是去把这一消息告诉别的人。这就证实了那句老话：“坏 事传千里”。

三 一切重大新闻都是如此。我记得上小学的时候，老师脸色煞白地向一班吃惊的七岁孩子通报说，肯尼迪总统死了。我并不知道肯尼迪总统是谁，但是我听到这一消息后非常不安，后来就跑回家去告诉了父母（当然，他们已经知道了）。事实上，这是我最早的记忆之一。

四 那么，新闻到底是什么？一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都集中在同一天上头条。对比之下，9/11 不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的困境感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。

五 奇特怪异并不意味着重大。就拿今天的《中国日报》上关于一只老鼠延误了一架从越南飞至日本的航班这条消息为例吧。在河内机场有人发现那只老鼠在一架飞机的过道里奔跑。它最终被12 名技术人员合力逮住，他们怕它会咬破电线，造成短路。飞机晚点了四个多小时才起飞。

六 你也许会说，这并不是具有重大国际影响的事件（除了少数乘客到另一国赴约迟到以外）。但是全球却颇有反响，从亚洲经苏格兰到美洲的电子版报纸都有转载（《爱丁堡晚报》的标题是“捉老鼠延误航班”）。

七 另一个新闻价值的元素是即时性。这是指事件发生的时间近。一周前发生的事件一般来说就不是新闻了——除非你刚刚读到它。“何时”是受训记者常被教导用以勾勒新闻故事的五Wh（何）”问题之一（其余是何人、何事、何地和何故）；今天、今晨、昨天很可能在新闻报道所使用的时间副词中名列前茅。同样，即将发生的事件（今天、

今晚或今夜）也可能具有新闻价值，虽然，从定义上讲，它不出人意外，也就不那么耸人听闻了。

八 说到即时性，能够实时播报新闻的媒体，如电视、广播和互联网，就比报纸的优势大多了。眼看着事件在你眼前展开与次晨早餐时在报上读到它的感觉大不相同。但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。

如果把相机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。这就是为什么人们通常会谈到“媒体霸权”——或多或少隐蔽地影响公众的权力。

九 但也许到了30 世纪，这种权力将有所减弱，或至少下放给普通民众。个人博客的大量出现，通过像“任你漂流”这样的网站自我广播的可能性，以及权限开放网页（wiki 网）的增长都意味着任何人有任何话要说——或有任何东西要展示——现在都能立刻让全世界的观众看到。

十 当然，这并不意味着报纸和电视即将在一夜之间消失。但是，在永不休止的搜寻有趣新闻——奇特怪异、出人意外和极具人性的新闻——的过程中，它们将越来越多地转向网站收集资料，为全球信息网提供令人称奇的具有地方色彩的消息。

第14篇：英语文章

Chapter I Introduction

1.1 The present situation of English teaching in early education.

It is well known that education in china has been influenced by the examination-oriented system for a long time.A teacher-centered cla is a traditional paive cla, and it has caused a widespread lack of interest and motivation among children in language learning.To solve this problem, the teachers have tried many ways to make their claes interesting and effective.Primary English Teaching Syllabus point out “Interest is a good teacher for pupils to learn a foreign language.And it\'s an important task for primary school teachers to arouse students’ interest at present.” In recent years, some educators have discovered that the game is also learning and it’s the best learning, in fact, for children to have early education.Game is children’s nature.Applying games in the course of children’s English teaching is suitable for the development of children’s physiological and psychological characteristics.Teachers should make full use of children’s characteristics, such as being very curious, active, imaginative, creative and their attention span is very short.If teachers can pour games into children’s English teaching appropriately, children’s enthusiasm will be aroused, claroom’s atmosphere will be stimulated and teaching effectivene will be improved.There is no doubt that playing games in children’s English teaching is one of effective ways to foster children’s interest and motivation in English learning.1.2 The need for the game 教学游戏是情景教学法的一种形式，它能使英语教学生动有趣，引人入胜，从而调动学生的学习热情，充分发挥其学习的自觉性和积极性。教学游戏能创造良好的课前气氛，能帮助学生闯过“思维低谷”；并且帮助学生复习和巩固已学习的知识。对于贪玩，爱游戏是孩子的天性。初中阶段的学生充满好奇心，他们对英语课堂的游戏极易产生兴趣，因为英语课堂枯燥，机械的语言变得生动，活泼，使得学生在学习英语整个过程中充满了激情与欢乐，从而激发他们对英语学习的兴趣。英语教学游戏不是简单地玩而玩。它直接为学服务，寓知识于游戏中。学生在参与中不知不觉地复习巩固所学知识。教学游戏是情景教学的一种形式，它能使教学变得更加生动有趣，引人入胜，从而调动学生的学习热情，充分发挥其学习的积极性和自觉性。因此 英语作为一门语言学科。教学的目的即能激发学生拼背单词兴趣，促进词汇记忆高效性。使学生的精神、思维、身体等处于积极参与状态，进而提高学生a的学习兴趣。在中学课堂之中，游戏教学法的运用，有助于提高学生学习成绩。

In general, game is an interesting thing.All people who take advantage of game know its simple but miraculous features, they are interesting, easy to remember, usually need at least two guys even a team to play.So when a thing is boring, such as most claes in public school, preparing for a test, we can hardly say it\'s a game.They lose the pleasure of the game.When a thing is logical in theory but we can hardly feel it, we spend a lot of time to remember it, we feel exhausted and catch a little bit eventually.It\'s also not a game.Someone said that the most beautiful thing is but simple one.As far as I\'m concerned, everything can be grasped easily by anyone and then sets a bridge between people, so long as you know people\'s concerns.That is the inspiration, which is in small scale but covers the land in paion.Yet, scientists get inspiration from their chat with the core of universe,we give it to our friends or students by reading their hearts and design a game to play.That is the thing under the feature of game

游戏种类

小学英语教学的对象一般是9-14岁的学生，这个时期的孩子好奇、好玩、好动、好强、喜欢表扬。爱玩是孩子的天性。我国著名的教育家陈鹤琴先生也说：“小学生生来是好玩的，是以游戏为生命的。“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”（只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻）。但从纯英语教学的角度看，英语课程要求学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写的能力，形成一定的综合语言运用能力。正是由于这种“任务”所施加的压力，课堂上教师难免会有机械的灌输和学生机械的接受。传统的课堂教学往往很注意课堂纪律，学生静静地坐在那儿，师云亦云，整个课堂也因此变得闷乏味，学生的学习兴趣和热情也在不知不觉中逐渐消失殆尽。游戏教学法是指在教学中尽可能地采用游戏的方式，将枯燥的语言现象转变为学生乐于接受的、生动有趣的游戏形式，为学生创造和谐、有趣、丰富的语言交际情境，使学生在玩中学、学中玩的教学方式，游戏教学法不仅使学生学习了知识，更重要的是培养了兴趣。我们倡导的游戏教学法吸收了国内外外语教学的合理成分，并结合小学英语课堂教学实际，在实践中创新，在实践中反思。游戏是一种教学法。它能使学生在轻松愉快的气氛中学习英语。兴趣是学习英语的关键，激发学生学习英语的兴趣是小学阶段英语教学的一项重要的任务。

英语教学当中有很多种游戏，按着设计目的区别，给教学游戏分为：操练性游戏、激趣性游戏、合作性游戏、拓展性游戏、综合性游戏五大类。其中操练性游戏有快速和反复之分；合作性游戏也可分为展示性和竞赛性。

一．操练性游戏：

1.快速操练性游戏：这类游戏一般用在课前，为了让学生快速的回忆单词、复习旧知。

游戏一：教师出示已学过的单词图片、卡片。学生一个接一个的快速拼读单词并说出汉语意思。就是课堂上常说的“开火车”。如：出示“apple”的图片或词卡，学生快速拼出a-p-p-l-e apple 苹果。

游戏二：用课件快速闪烁一组五个学过的单词，学生看后快速在本子上写出。然后再逐个呈现一次，对照、改正并说出汉语意思。

2.反复操练性游戏：这类游戏一般是用在新学完一组单词后，要通过反复操练来巩固新知。游戏三：接拼单词：看生词卡片，请学生每人说一个字母拼出一个单词，说到最后一个字母，这几名学生一起站起来把这个单词读来。

游戏四：拼读游戏：准备正面有单词、背面注有音标的卡片。教师把卡片背在后面，快速出示。如果是正面就大声的读一遍，并用手指在课桌上写一遍；如果是背面就把这个单词拼读出来，并说出汉语意思。可以根据熟练程度逐个增加单词。

二．激趣性游戏：这类游戏一般是为引出新知而设，目的是激发学生继续学习的兴趣、启迪思维。

游戏五：猜猜看。Gue,What\'s in my hand? 这个游戏不但复习了大量的词汇和句子，为学习新课做了铺垫，而且由于学生急于想知道教师手里的东西究竟是什么，从而促使其动脑、动口。激发了学生的学习兴趣。

游戏六：我来描述你来猜。老师用简单的英语描述一件事物，请学生来猜。这样正好利用了孩子的好奇心，激发学生动脑思考，继续学习。

三．合作性游戏：这类游戏是以小组合作交流为主体开展的。可以是展示性的，也可以是竞赛性的。

1．展示性合作游戏：以展示学习成果为目的。

游戏七：角色表演。教师可以把要掌握的重点句子写在黑板上，引导学生根据这些习句创设情境、揣摩人物。然后在小组内根据具体情况进一步加工，合作表演。合作是把知识转化为能力的环节，是学生最兴奋的时刻，也是训练学生运用英语进行交际的机会。学生此时可以尽情发挥自己的交际能力。教师应抓住这一契机，努力营造英语表演气氛。教师还可以准备一些简单的道具和头饰，让表演更加有趣。

游戏八：作品展示。小组协作出一些英语小作品，展示给大家看。如在教学四年级时，就可以让学生小组合作出一张自己理想的并认为合理的英语课程表，还可以让学生根据学过的各种动物及其特点，根据一组熟悉的旋律分组填词配作动，以表演的形式展示给大家。让学生在英语活动中体验到成功的快乐，激发学生自主学习的兴趣。

2． 竞赛性合作游戏：竞赛是学习、练习的一种好形式。小学生好胜心强，利用竞赛可以激发学生的兴趣，操练和巩固所学知识。竞赛一般可贯穿教学的全过程，也可在课结束前进行决赛，分出胜负，培养学生的竞争意识。

游戏九：淘汰游戏。教师在发出指令前可以说“Sam says”，则学生做此动作，指令前没有“Sam says”学生则不做此动作，如教学一年级五官一单元时教师说“touch your nose”，而学生做了摸鼻子的动作，便算错了。全班分四组，反应慢或做错的同学被淘汰请回到坐位。留下的人最多的小组获胜。

游戏十：单词竞赛。每组发一张标有该组序号的白纸，请学生以小组为单位在五钟内尽可能多的写出所能想到的单词，。然后打乱组互评，要求把你认为对的单词标上汉语意思，一词一分，认为不对的做上标记。最后教师审评，给其它组判分无误的可为自己组赢得五分。分高者胜。这个游戏大大提高了学生自主学习的积极性。很多孩子为了为难其它组或是不被他人为难，学习了很多课外单词。 四． 拓展性游戏：这类游戏一般用在新授之后。可以让学生把新旧知识贯穿起来，巩固复习。

游戏十一：Last Letter。学生1任意说出一个单词如：girl ，学生2可以接letter。学生3可以接任何一个以r 开始的单词，但是不能重复别人说过的单词。在这种游戏中每个学生的大脑都在进行活动，要么想下一个单词可以接什么，要么考虑别人说的是否重复。课堂气氛十分活跃！

游戏十二：Word aociation。给一个单词，让学生说出与这个单词有关的内容。如：出示Hotel这个单词。 学生会说出Five-star hotel ,travel, food, equipment in the hotel, tourist, waiter, waitre, room, restuarant 等等许多的单词。这样使得众多的相关单词在学生面前又呈现了一次。

五．综合性游戏：这种游戏更接近学生的生活情境，具有很强的时尚性和参与性，需要教师根据学生喜欢的娱乐活动不断更新。因此很受学生欢迎。

英语教学游戏实际上为学生创造了一种极为良好的语境，在这种实践中，使他们的注意力高度集中，思维的潜力得到充分挖掘，他们的聪明才智得到充分发挥，他们平时学到的知识得到充分运用，英语水平得到明显提高，学生的交际能力和独立处事能力不断加强，同时又能使个别学生克服内心的自卑感、紧张感、拘谨等心理障碍，使个性向开朗、活泼、主动、热情的方向发展。因此，我们不能忽视教学游戏在教育、教学活动中所起的巨大作用。



第15篇：英语写作

英语作文的考试题型大概可以分为这5个方面：A、阐述主题题型、B、正反观点题型、C、英文信函题型、D、记叙文题型、E、图表题型。

阐述主题型

阐述主题题型作文DIY写作步骤

要求考生从一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行写作。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

先用一句话描述当今社会的某种现象或者事物，并且用简单的话扩展说几句： 主题句＋扩展句 第二段、举例说明现象

主题句＋举例1+举例2+举例3 第三段、表明自己的观点并结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。

二、阐述主题题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pollutions.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题；

2、造成污染问题的原因；

3、解决办法。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：________has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find ________.

2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with _______ is _____.扩展句：

1、It is ____ that _____.

2、It is also _____ that ________.

3、Ironically, it is _______ itself that _____.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve _____.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of ____.

2、Then we _____

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to ____can this problem be solved.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.

2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with pollution is people.扩展句：

1、It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.

2、It is also people that destroy biologic balance of nature.

3、Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve our environmental problems.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.

2、Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.

三、范文

Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.And this is threatening the survival of the human race.

The real problem with pollution is people.It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.It is also people that destroy biologic（生物的 生物学的） balance of nature.Ironically [aiE5rCnikEl]（说反话的 讽刺的）, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants（污染物质）.We must do something to solve our environmental problems.First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.

正反观点题型

要求考生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，通常分为四个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头，简单一下事件

第二段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第三段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第四段、表明自己的观点结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。 第二部分、正反观点题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic China Jointing WTO.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、加入WTO给我们带来的好处；

2、加入WTO给我们带来的不利方面；

3、我们该如何做。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：________finally succeeded in _____ after many's efforts.扩展句：_____ will influence _____ greatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：____ brings ____ many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As _____ , ______ can ______.

2、What's more, __________.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、___ can also bring us some challenges.For example, ______.

2、In addition, it will be more difficult for _____ to _____, as ____.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, ____ does more good than harm to ____.扩展句：What we should do is to ______.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：China finally succeeded in jointing the WTOafter many's efforts.扩展句：This eventwill influencethe economy in Chinagreatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.

2、What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with le pay.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.

2、In addition, it will be more difficult forus to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, this great event does more good than harm to us.

扩展句：What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.第三部分、范文

China finally succeeded in jointing the WTO after many's efforts.This event will influence the economy in China greatly.Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with le pay.Every thing has two aspects.Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.In addition, it will be more difficult for us to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.However, this great event does more good than harm to us.What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.

社会问题(现象)式A．一个社会问题或者现象 B．产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E．前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上Based on the above discuions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

对立法开头句型：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法。适用于有争议性的主题。

When asked about…,the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that….But I think a bit differently.现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题然后评论

Recently the iue of the problem(phenomenon) of…has been brought to public attention.观点法：开门见山，直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning to realize that…

辩论式议论文

模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版2

People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2.

Last but not the least, 论据3.

To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.

First of all, 论据1。

Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discuion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

英文信函题型 要求考生根据提纲写一封英文书信，对这类题型，通常分为5个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头：称呼

第二段、寒暄语句，引出写信的目的：

寒暄句＋主题句（注：寒暄句和主题句可以是同一个句子） 第三段、根据提纲扩展主体段落： 主题句＋扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3 第四段、表明自己的观点，并结束书信主体段落 在最后要他谈自己的看法 第五段、寒暄句+落款

第二部分、英文信函题型作文DIY写作范文练习

［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topicA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应包括：食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以都有。 ［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from ____.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂正面的看法

主题句：As you know, _____ .But unfortunately, ______.扩展句：

1、___.(举例)As a result, _____.

2、Besides, ______.

3、And what's more,_____.第四段：对学校食堂负面的看法

主题句：Some people may argue that ____.扩展句：

1、For instance, ____ and ____.

2、But in my opinon, ______.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with _____.扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.Li Ming ［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from one of your students.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂的看法

主题句：As you know,our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.扩展句：

1、The food is not as nutritious as it should be.(举例)As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.

2、Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.

3、And what's more,the fare is also a little higher at university.第四段：别人对食堂看法

主题句：Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.扩展句：

1、For instance,Ic cardshave taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.

2、But in my opinon, progre is not so quick and thorough.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with the present canteen conditions, 扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.

第三部分、范文 Dear Mr.President, This letter comes to you from one of your students.In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.As you know, our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.The food is not as nutritious as it should be.As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.And what's more, the fare is also a little higher at university.Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.For instance, Ic cards have taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.But in my opinon, progre is not so quick and thorough.To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with the present canteen conditions,I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.

Thanks.

Your students,

Li Ming

记叙文的题型

要求考生写一篇记叙文，描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果，最后对事件进行简单分析。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点： 主题句

第二段、具体描述

具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果 起因＋经过＋结果 第三段、对事件的分析 分析句1+分析句2+分析3 第二部分、记叙文题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Clamate Fell Ill.

1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况；

2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的；

3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是....［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：About _____ O'clock one evening in _______, _____.扩展句：________.(展开描述一下事件) 第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, _____.It wasn't long before _____.扩展句：

1、One ______.

2、Another _______.

3、Our teacher _______.第三段：

结尾句：Is _______? Who can tell ? But ______.扩展句：

1、When ____ , people showed _____ spirit regardle of ____.

2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.

3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：Aboutnine O'clock one evening inMay, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.扩展句：His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.(展开描述一下事件) 第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, I dialed "120".It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.扩展句：

1、One roommate brought a blanket for him.

2、Another supported him in the ambulance.

3、Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.第三段：

结尾句：Ishe a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? Butwedid't retreat.扩展句：

1、Whenthe savage SARS was spreading,people showedfearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.

2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.

3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.第三部分、范文

About nine O'clock one evening in May, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.

Without hesitation, I dialed "120".It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.One roommate brought a blanket for him.Another supported him in the ambulance.Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.Is he a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? But we did't retreat.When the savage SARS was spreading, people showed fearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.图表式作文模板

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discuions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if neceary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).说明原因型模板

These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4).What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注释: (1) 提出论题(2) 说明现状(3) 理由一(4) 理由二(5) 理由三(6) 理由三引起的后果(7) 解决方法

相应作文: Pollution of environment

These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ).What is more, since (the industrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing.We should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.

作文常用模板句

一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays, it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has 的 brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while.Obviously, ______, but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.

2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of的all，___.

3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is neceary and important to our countrys development and construction.的First，______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another, ______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定

会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition.的_____.All these measures will certainly______.

7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is的______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own的disadvantages, such as ______.

9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonethele, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

一、写作步骤要写好一篇英语作文，掌握一定的写作技巧，应把握以下几个步骤：

1．认真审题立意，定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。以命题作文"The English teacher I Admire Most"为例,文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师,因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。

2．草拟提纲，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。仍以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，提纲可以这样写：

1）Who is the English teacher I admire most

2)My reasons

3)What can I learn from the teacher

3．写出段落主题句，理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。

4．参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉

有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。还是以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，主题段中就能用到举例法、说明法、因果法等。

进行这一步骤还需注意三方面问题：

1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。

2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

二、增加文采小窍门如果说第

一、二步是对文章的构思，第

三、四步骤则是真正地"写"了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门，以下这几点可以供你参考。

1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式，要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

2．使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3．改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词短语等。

4．学会使用过渡词。如：

1）递进：furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition

2）转折：however,but,neverthele,after all

3）总结：finally,at last,in brief,to conclude

4）强调：really,indeed,certainly,surely,above all

5）对比：in the same way, just as, on the other hand,

5．避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

6．注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，以增加文采。

三、把好检查最后一关

1．是否切题分三点看：一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应该尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方，但切忌动"大手术"。

2．是否连贯检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适。

3．是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。还是以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，根据此标题，文章肯定用第一人称"I"写，一般性的描述用现在时，举过去的事例用过去时。

4．是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误，注意卷面整洁要提高写作水平，最根本是要大量实践，必须多读多写，注意博览和精读相结合，甚至可以适当背诵一些名句名篇。另外，还可选些范文，悉心领悟，多加模仿，以逐步达到运用自如。

第16篇：英语写作

语言第一位

四级六级写作重点考查考生的英语表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言，考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分，其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极，归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇，但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主，可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否，而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了，完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学，恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度，“与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。”

四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制，它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此，考生应该把构思的时间减到最少，把主要精力放在推敲语言上，力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低，力求用词用句准确恰当，表达地道。这样，即便没有使用高难词汇和句型，也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语，语言永远第一，它决定了得分高下。

阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判：

1、基本正确

四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2、丰富多变

基础较好的同学，要想取得

四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为reckon, aume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是

5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

高分真经

1、背诵

背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：（1）精彩词汇，（2）精彩句型，（3）精彩句子，（4）万能框架，（5）经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。

语言学习有两个关键词——输入（INPUT）和输出（OUTPUT）。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。

四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在？俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，

在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。

有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好？关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。

2、默写

背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man.”（写作使人精确。）只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

3、中译英

中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型？你使用了哪些词汇和句型？学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

4、写作

模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高

四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 以扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

第17篇：英语写作

2010年英语四级翻译复习与应试

翻译是一门艺术, 同时又是一种实践。它是对英语综合能力的考查，没有一定的英语基本功，要想在这部分得到高的分数是不可能的。但是，具有了一定的英语基础，并不等于具有较高的翻译能力。因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法,针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象, 仔细分析一些翻译实例, 总结出一些规律性的东西, 再加以必要的练习, 对考生来说是非常必要的，而且在短时间内提高自己在该部分的得分是完全有可能的。

试题与考生应试情况分析

通过考试试题的分析，我们发现英译汉试题中的英文句子大致有以下三个特点：

1.句子较长，其中包括定语从句、状语从句等从属结构，致使句子结构复杂，意思不容易把握。

2.句子虽然不长，但其中包含着较难理解的词、词组或短语，尤其是一些表示抽象意义的词，另外，句子中往往含有比较复杂的语法现象。

3．考查的翻译技巧主要包括: (1)定语从句的译法; (2) 被动语态的处理; (3) 长句的的处理等等。

掌握这些规律为我们复习应考提供了很大的方便，考生可以根据自己的实际情况，多选择一些与上述内容有关的文章，多做一些有关的练习，并结合这类文章的特点，在练习的过程中总结出一些规律性的东西。根据我们的经验, 考生在这部分表现出的主要障碍有以下几个方面:

1．缺乏基本的翻译常识

作为公共英语学习者, 由于客观条件的限制, 他们在英语学习的过程中很少或根本就没有进行过系统的翻译训练, 更缺乏对翻译要求以及翻译过程等一些常识性的东西基本的了解, 因此在考前复习和考试过程中一筹莫展, 无从下手。

2．对于英译汉翻译技巧知之甚少

任何事情都有其内在的规律, 翻译也不例外, 作为考生, 在备考时应掌握一些英译汉过程中经常采用的翻译技巧, 注意体会英语和汉语之间的差异, 同时要特别注意考试中经常考的一些技巧, 并总结其中的翻译规律。

3．划线的部分理解不透

为了增加试题的难度, 试题设计者往往选择那些语法结构错综复杂的部分, 这就要求我们在复习时, 对于翻译练习的句子, 要仔细分析它们的语言结构, 尤其是要注意那些具有分割定语从句等复杂语法现象的句子, 在分析好句子结构并真正理解之后,再动手翻译。

4．语表达不清, 缺乏中文表达能力

英译汉是英语和汉语两种语言之间的转化, 要求汉语准确完整, 符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 考生在复习时也应该注意训练自己的汉语表达能力。另外, 考生在使用汉语表达时, 还存在着用词不准, 违反自然科学常识的现象。

5．有些代词翻译得不够明确

语言的使用总是发生在一定的语言环境之中, 在语言的使用过程中, 为了避免重复,往往需要使用一些代词来代替前面所提到的人或物, 在考试的过程中, 考生应该仔细地阅读全文, 找出划线部分中英语代词所指代的人或物,并尽量明确地把它们翻译出来。而且，还要把代词翻成它(们)所代的名词、短语。

英译汉的标准及步骤

英译汉是创造性地运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中有两点值得我们特别地注意:

(1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构;

(2) 在翻译过程中, 英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。因此,在做英译汉的题目时, 汉语所表达的意义应与原文保持一致, 而汉语的句子结构只是为这一表达服务, 而不应拘泥于原文。

另外, 应付英译汉考试和一般的从事翻译创作不同, 因为各自有不同的衡量标准, 翻译创作的标准为“信、达、雅”, 而英译汉考试则只要做到“忠实、通顺”即可。要做到忠实原文,就应该掌握好适度原则, 即要把原文的内容准确完整地表达出来, 既不能改变和歪曲,也不能增加或删减。

英译汉的过程包括理解,表达和校核三个阶段,解是表达的前提, 若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达, 但理解与表达通常是互相联系, 往返反复的过程, 在进行汉语表达的时候, 又可以进一步加深对原文的理解, 因此, 在英译汉的过程中, 往往需要考生从英语到汉语,再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。

1．理 解

理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文, 弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文, 建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤:

（1）通读全文

通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系, 特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those other所指代的词或词组。这些词和词组有时在划线的部分就能找到，有时则要到前面有关的句子中去找。

（2）分析划线部分的句子结构。

中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识，在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。从翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构,很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。在分析划线的部分的句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，以便明了句子的骨干结构。在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。

（3） 理解分析划线部分的含义。

考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义, 还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外, 还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题:

A.句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词, 如果有, 应根据上下文确定它们代的内容是什么;

B.句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法, 那么, 在该句中它们的具体含义是什么;

C.按照你的理解, 该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致, 有无相互矛盾。总之, 在动手翻译之前, 首先要读懂原文, 不要一上来就急于动手翻译, 这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了, 猛然又发现自己理解有误,马上就急忙修改, 搞的卷面上一塌糊涂,而且很容易忙中出错, 把本应拿到的分数丢掉了, 这是非常令人可惜的。

2．表达

表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来, 表达的好坏取决于译者对英语原文的理解程度以及汉语的修养水平。理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果，但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达，许多同学反映，有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达，就充分说明了这一点， 因为在表达上还存在许多具体的方法和技巧。关于这些方法和技巧我们将在后面详细论述, 在此我们只是介绍两中基本的翻译方法:直译和

意译。

直译

所谓直译, 就是在译文语言条件许可时, 在译文中既保持原文的内容, 又保持原文的形式。汉语和英语两种语言存在着许多共同之处，许多英语句子的翻译完全可以采取直译的方法, 这样可以获得一举两得之功效, 既保持了原文的结构, 又正确表达了原文的内容。意译

汉语和英语在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时, 就应采用意译法, 意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式, 重点在于正确表达原文的内容在具体的翻译过程中, 我们应该采取灵活的方法,不论是直译还是意译, 只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则,都是可取的。在这里我们建议考生对结构比较复杂的句子可以先采取直译的方法，然后再对直译得出的结果进行加工润色，在保持原来句子意义的基础上，根据汉语的表达习惯，用既符合原文的意义又符合汉语表达习惯的句子表达出来。

在翻译的过程中, 我们务必注意以下几点: (1) 理解透彻之后再动手表达, 否则表达的果会令人莫名其妙;(2) 切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座, 逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往是不伦不类; (3) 切忌擅自增减词意,增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。

3．校 核

对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段, 因此, 校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段, 并不是可有可无的, 通过表达之后的校核, 我们可以发现译文中可能存在的一些问题,确保自己理解和表达的内容准确完美。在校核阶段, 一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题: (1人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等; (2) 汉语译文的词与句有无错漏; (3)修改译文中译错

表达不够准确的子、词组或词汇; (4) 有无错别字; (5) 标点符号是否有误。

（I）翻译过程中一些难点的处理

A．抽象名词的译法

所谓抽象名词是指那些表达抽象概念的名词, 如, appropriatene, flexibility,quietude等等。抽象名词的翻译是一个非常复杂的问题, 需要根据上下文来具体地确定这些抽象名词的汉语表达, 很难总结出一些条条框框, 供翻译时使用。但是, 我们应该遵循一个基本的原则,即把抽象意义具体化, 把抽象名词转化为具体名词或含有具体特指性的词。

B．被动语态的译法

英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于四六级考试的复习与应考是极为重要的,因为英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。汉语中的被动语态通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。 对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:

（1） 翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

☆ 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。

☆ 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It is aerted that … 有人主张 ……

It is believed that … 有人认为……

It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……

☆ 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。☆ 翻译成汉语的无主句。

另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道……

It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测……

It must be admitted that … 必须承认……

It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……

It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说……

☆ 翻译成带表语的主动句。

（2） 译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。

C． 名词性从句的译法

英语名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句, 在翻译这类从句时, 大多数可以按照原文的句序翻译成相应的汉语。

D．定语从句的译法

在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:

☆ 前 置 法

把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于比较短的限制性定语从句情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。

☆ 后 置 法

当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。

破解2010年12月英语四级阅读技巧

．快速浏览，瘦身原文

因时间关系，建议考生作文在25分钟内完成，剩余的分钟留给快速阅读。但是，即便如此，对于有的考生而言，时间还是不够，所以考生在浏览全文时，必须考虑瘦身计划，即该仔细阅读的就细细阅读，该略看的就略看，该跳过的就跳过。文中阴影部分可暂时迅速浏览或不看，下划线部分需注意仔细阅读。

2．是非判断，话题述题

为 了方便快速判断，读者可把每一句是非判断分为话题（该句讨论的对象）和述题（对该对象的描述或评析）两部分，那么它的对错或文章已给与否就可直接从话题和述题两部分与原文进行对照判断。

3．句子填空，首当定位

句子填空题的关键在于定位答案所在地，定位之后，要点在于核实空缺部分的语法特征，即该空需要的是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，然后再根据上下文核实时态语态等问题。

4．利用标题，预测内容

在时间较紧的情况下，可直接浏览标题和段落小标题，预测文章的大致内容，然后直接答题

英语四级作文实用佳词妙句三十例

导读：想在四六级考试中写出好文章？那么用词是非常重要的一个环节。词汇使用得当，不仅使文章更生动，也是评分时的加分亮点。以下向各位四六级考生提供考试三十组考试中可频繁使用的优美词汇及例句。考试时用上它们，以替代你现有的普通词汇，可以瞬间点亮平淡无奇的文章。

1、individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)

2、positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good

3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be le impreive替换

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time paively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are le impreive.

4、(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.

注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.

5、a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some

6、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)

7、affair ,busine ,matter 替换thing

8、shared 代 common

9、reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits)

10、for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion

11、Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.

Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12、little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly

13、beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,

14、shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer

15、exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very

16、hardly neceary, hardly inevitable ...替换 unneceary, avoidable

17、sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

18、capture one\'s attention替换attract one\'s attention.19、facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20、be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear

21、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.

22、There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth

23、desire 替换want.

24、pour attention into 替换pay attention to

25、bear in mind that 替换remember

26、enjoy, poe 替换have(注意proce是过程的意思)

27、interaction替换communication

28、frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth

29、to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance

30、next to / virtually impoible,替换nearly / almost impoible

第18篇：英语写作

在写作时，要注意词的丰富性及多样化，我把一些词汇传给你

1.表示“good”时，尽量用这些，如positive, favorable, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, wonderful, outstanding, superb.

2.表示“bad”时，常用这些来代替，如dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, harmful, terrible 3.表示“small”时，常用 little， tiny， diminutive

4.表示“suitable”时，常用 appropriate，proper， fitting， satisfactory

5.表示“dangerous”时，常用 hazardous， unsafe， risky

6.表示“difficult”时，常用 hard, rough, tough, complicated

7.表示“very”时，常用pretty（相当），quite，much， intensely， greatly， extremely， exceedingly， remarkably， highly， strikingly

8.表示“remember”时，常用bear in mind， keep in mind（that）， recall， recollect， remind。。。of sth

9.表示“want”时，常用 desire to do， long for， require for

10.表示“think”时，常用strongly believe（坚信），consider， contemplate， imagine 11.在用reject（拒绝）时，常用refuse， decline， turn down

同时注意对某些词需要讲求标准化，如

在用泛词thing时，常用affair， busine，matter

在用big时，常用huge， great， large， immense， enormous， tremendous

在用walk时，常用pace，strut， stride，stagger，loiter（不是很常见，稍微看看就行。但是前两组尽量记住哦）

一些写作中常用的有用的短语

I.表示“观点”类的：

to my mind in my opinion

from my point of view when it comes to me

personally / personally speaking as far as I’m concerned

II.用于罗列加的信息

Besides In addition,

Furthermore Moreover

What’s more 这些都做“此外”讲。

III.在列举或者是举例子时常用的

For instance

For example

such as

namely

especially/ specially/particularly

for one thing,…for another…

IV.在比较或者对比时常用的

the same as

be similar to

in the same way

be identical with

be different from

in contract to, on the contrary(常用于开头，意为“相反地”)

V．表示转折、相反意义的

除了非常普遍的一些如 however, although, even though, while，despite, in spite of 等等，还有neverthele,其用法相当于but，但用法与but不同的是，在neverthele后面要加逗号.

例如，

There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.Neverthele, it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律，不过，我们还是会努力争取。

VI.表示加强语气的

more than (注意这个词组的多重含义，①多于，超过，②不仅仅 ③而不是 ④太„„而不能„„)

unquestionably/undoubtedly/ beyond doubt/ out of question/ There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑地

No wonder that 难怪„„（有时也用There is no wonder that）

VII．用于调节语气的

to some extend 在某种程度上 = to a large degree

IX.表示原因或者结果的

表原因：owing to , thanks to(多亏), for the sake of, due to, result from(由„„引起)

表示结果：as a result from, result in(导致„„)，thus=so=therefore=consequently=henceXI.在总结论时用到的

In a word, in short, in conclusion, in summary, all in all, to sum up, to conclude, come to the conclusion that, arrive at the conclusion that, 主语+conclude that

还有一些表示赞成时，常用agree with, approve of, be for it, go in for, turn up the thumbs, uphold.表示反对时，常用object to, disapprove of, be against, combat, argue against, frown on.

常用于结尾的句子（必须记住的）

1.In a word…

2.In conclusion…

3.In short…

4.In brief…

5.As a result…

6.All in all…

7.From this point of view…

8.There is no doubt that…

9.Therefore, we can find that…

10.Thus, it can be concluded that…

11.As far as I am concerned, it is high time that we put great emphasis on...

12.It is neceary that steps should be taken to…(有必要采取。。。措施)

13.As long as（只要） make joint efforts, a sound（好的） solution is not far away.只要努力，不久就会有好的能解决办法。

14.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that…考虑到这所有的因素，我们可能就„„达成一致。

15.Only in this way can we achieve succe and meet the needs of ourselves as well as the society.只有用这种方法，我们才能取得成功，满足我们和社会的需要。特别注意这句话Only in this way引导的，一定要记得倒装。

使用谚语和名言时常用的句型有：

1.As the famous saying goes …

2.Just as…once said…

3.When we talk of the famous proverb…

4.The well-known proverb…has long been accepted by all of us.我把我积累的一些我觉得比较有用的词组给你吧，这些不是很难，比较实用。 1.from my own point of view 在我看来

2.foster one’s patience 培养某人的耐心

3.on the contrary 正相反

4.on the grounds of 根据，以„„为由

5.abide by 忠于，遵守

6.keep to 坚持（相当于 insist on）

7.be absorbed in 全神贯注于„„

8.acce to 能接近，进入，了解

9.be abundant in 富于，富有，充足

10.in abundance 丰富，充裕

11.in accordance to =according to =in agreement with 依照，依据

12.be acquainted with 了解，熟悉

13.be accustomed to doing sth习惯于

14.once and for all 一劳永逸

15.on the average平均

16.be aware of 意识到

17.on the basis of 根据„„，在„„基础上

18.for the benefit of 为了„„的利益

19.be in charge of = be responsible for 监管，负责（某事）

20.in comparison with =compare with =in contract to 和„„比起来

21.complain to sb.about/of sth 向某人抱怨某事

22.in compliance with=obey to 顺从，遵守，依从

23.be ignorant of 对„„一无所知

24.for a certainly 无疑地

25.in correspondence with 与„„相符；与„„通信

26.try one’s utmost/best to do sth 竭尽全力干某事

27.be vulnerable to 易受„„攻击；易受„„伤害；易受„„影响

28.give rise to 引起，引发

29.strive for 为„„而奋斗

30.bring great pleasure to 给„„带来巨大乐趣

31.in the interest of… 为了„„的利益

32.It’s known/well-known that…=As is known/well-known,加上自己想说的内容„„ 众所周知

33.on earth 究竟，到底

34.on condition that 只要

35.on behalf of 代表

36.on account of 由于=owing to

37.in vain 徒劳，白费力

38.in (the) light of 鉴于，由于

39.be consistent with 与„„一致，符合

40.be relevant to 与„„相关

41.in proportion to 与„„成比例

42.in common 共同的，共有的 have sth in common with sb 与某人有共同之处 43.from time to time 有时，不时

44.for the time being 暂时，眼下

45.for the sake of 为了„„

46.at all costs 不惜一切代价

47.as far as …be concerned 就„„而言

48.as regards 关于，至于

49.in line with 与„„一致，遵循

50.constrain sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

51.restrain sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事

52.adapt oneself to doing sth/sth 使„„适用于

53.make a resolve to do sth 决心干某事

54.indulge in doing sth/sth (常用被动语态)沉溺于„„

55.get around to doing sth 处理某事

56.draw up 起草，停止

57.live up to 做到，不辜负„„的期望

58.take off起飞，脱下，拿走

59.reckon on 依靠，指望

60.figure out 想出，弄明白，解决

61.amount to 在数目上达到„„

62.range from…to…(范围) 从„„到„„

63.get acce to 获得

64.make …an integral part of 使„„不可或缺的部分

65.so to speak =in other words 换句话说

66.apart from

in addition to(其后接着加名词，或者是名词性的从句)

in addition,

这三个都是用于开头，意为“此外”，主要用于写作时列举多个方面、情形时所要应用的。

67.aure sb.of sth 向„„保证，使„„确信

68.make an attempt at doing sth =make an attempt to do sth 试图做„„ 69.attribute …to … 把„„归因于

70.conceive of …as… 把„„想象成„„，把„„当做„„，认为„„是„„ 71.take sth into account 把„„考虑在内

72.accuse sb of sth = charge sb.with …= blame sb.for sth 指控，控告 73.attach importance to… 重视„„

74.turn a blind eye to… 对„„视而不见

75.under the banner of 以„„名义

76.on behalf of=stand for 代表

77.to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

78.broaden one’s vision 拓宽视野

79.make up for 弥补

80.gain an advantage over 胜过，优于

81.give rise to 引起，导致

82.bring about 引起，造成

83.keep an eye on 留意，照看

84.take the place of 取代，代替

85.keep in mind 记住

86.keep pace with （与„„）起步并进

87.let alone=not to motion 更不用说，别提了

88.get down to =set about doing sth 着手干某事

89.make a/the difference 有影响，起作用 注意：可以在中间加形容词，如make great difference 起重要作用（在中间不需要加定冠词、不定冠词） 90.may as well 不妨，还不如

91.see to it that 注意，务必，保证

92.an increasing number of… 越开越多的„„

93.be vastly/greatly/quite different from 与„„大相径庭 94.It’s worthwhile to do sth 做某事是值得的

95.It’s (high) time to do

It’s (high) time that ….(后加过去时或者是过去的某种时态) 意为“（的确）到了该干某事的时间了”

第19篇：英语写作

【第一类:图画类】

先把图画研究透，然后着手开始写作。

第一段: 对图画进行描述。〔万能开头句+图画描述句+过渡句+主题句〕

第二段: 阐述图画深层含义。〔常用因果论证法/例证法/下定义法〕

模板:

万能开头:

1.The picture shows that......,

2.From this picture,we can see......

3.As is shown in the picture......

4.As is seen in the picture......

衔接句:

1.As we all know,......

2.As is known to all,......

3.It\'s well known that....

4.In my opinion,....

5.As far as I am concerned,......

6.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

结尾句:

1.In conclusion,.....

2.In brief,....

3.On the whole,.....

4.In a word,.....

5.Generally speaking,.....

6.As has been stated......【第二类：图表类】

图表类细分为表格、曲线、柱形图、圆形图。

表格类主要考察对所给出的大量数字数字进行比较。

曲线图主要考察对坐标所显示的数据信息进行分析（主意横纵坐标的单位） 柱形图通过观察柱形高度的差别来判断事物的发展趋势。

圆形图通过观察一个被分成不同切片的圆形来理解所传送的信息。

常用模板：

1 The graph/chart/table above shows that......

2 From the above graph/chart/table,it can be seen that......

3 As is shown in the graph/chart/table that....

4 It has been shown from the above graph/chart/table that.....

表原因的句型：

1 The reason why.....is that....

2 One may think of the change as a result of.....

3 This brings out the important fact that....

4 There are several causes for this significant growth

表结论的句型：

1 There is no doubt that attention must be paid to.....

2 Obviously/Apparently,if we want to....,it is neceary...

3 From what has been discued above,we can drew the conclusion that....【第三类：书信类】

★ 书信类作文中称呼、落款必须顶格写。

★ 结束语要用表示礼节的套语。可用Yours sincerely....,Yours truly....,Yours respectfully....Yours faithfully....

★{ 特别提示}书信类应用文不需要写日期。

★ 常用各类称呼：

Mr.男性 Ms.女性 Dr./Prof.学术界教授 Pres.董事长 总经理 大学校长 会长 Hon.市长 议员 法官

★常用句型：

A 表示感谢

(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

(2) Words fail me when I want to expre my sincere gratitude to you.

(3) I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for thekind aistance you rendered me.

B 期待回信

(1) I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon

(2) I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

(3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

C 客套语

一.问候

I haven’t seen you for such a long time.How are you getting along withyour work二.祝贺 I want to congratulate you with all my heart.I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved.

三.致谢

I am most grateful to you for your help.I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.

四.询问

I wonder if you could tell me what to do.I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.Please could you let me know something about it.

五.邀请

Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home?We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.

六.接受邀请

I’m delighted to accept your invitation.Thanks for your invitation.I’m certainly looking forward to joiningyou.I haven’t heard from you for ages.How are you doing?

七.拒绝邀请

I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.I regret to say “no” to your invitation.Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately…

八.抱歉

I do apologize for having kept you waiting.I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble.

九.同情

I’m more than sorry to hear of your illne.I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of…

十.安慰

It was a great shock to hear…I just can’t tell you how saddened I am…

【第四类：口头通知类】

①口头通知一般是由一方向另一方口头传达的通知，叙述表达尽可能口语化，简洁明了，说清意思就行。

②口头通知不用写通知时间和发通知的单位。

③口头通知一开头可有称呼语，具体因通知对象

而异。常用的称呼语有“Comrades and friends”、“Boys and girls”、“Teachers and fellow students”、“Ladies and gentlemen”，也有的不用开头语，直接开始。

④口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语

★开头语结束语

1 May I have your attention please?I have an announcement to make.

2 Attention,please? I have something important to tell you.

★结束语

Any questions?

Does everyone understand?

That\'sall.Thankyou.

★正文可用句型

There will be a party/speech/meeting held by...where...when...

Everyone should take.....

Please get there before......

Please wait at...

★★★精选范文，可参考

①Please be quiet, everyone.There\'s something you need to know.As our teacher is ill,we\'re to have reading cla together with the students of Cla Three today.Please take your benches with you to their claroom.The oral cla will be put off until tomorrow.That\'s all.Thank you.

②Attention please, comrades.There is going to be a talk on American Family in the Lecture Hall this afternoon.It\'ll be given by an American profeor _____ Mr.Smith.Those who want to attend please be there at 2∶30 Anyquestion? If no, that\'sall.Thankyou.

③Listen, please, I have something important to tell you.We\'re going to hold a get-together with some foreign students at 7∶00 p.m.on Friday in the Foreign Student\'s Dining Hall.Any one who wants to take part in it, please be there on time.Thank you.

④Ladies and gentlemen, Listen, please.This afternoon we\'re going to visit the Great Wall,the bus will stop at the foot of the Great Wall.Three hours later, we\'ll get together here and back to the hotel.When you go to visit the Great Wall, please take your valuable things with you.And remember to come back to the bus at five o\'clock.Do be there on time.

【第五类：议论文】

★★★常用模板和框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think

that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

( 3 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importanceto practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying,

★★★英语作文常用的连接词

1． 并列关系

and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2． 转折关系

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, neverthele, yet, otherwise, despite

3． 顺序关系

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next

4． 因果关系

as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of

5． 归纳关系

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

★★★英语文章及结尾常用过渡词

一.文章及段落起始过渡词语

1.To begin with

2.Generally speaking

3.First of all

4.In the first place

二.文章及结尾常用的过渡词语

1.Therefore

2.Thus

3.This way

4.In conclusion

5.To sum up

6.In a word

7.In brief

8.As a matter of fact

三.常见的表示先后顺序的过渡词语

1.First,… Second, … Next, … Finally, …

2.Afterwards, …

3.Meanwhile, …

4.Then, …

5.Firstly,… Secondly, … Eventually, …

6.At last

7.Immediately

8.suddenly

9.soon

四.常见的对称关系的过渡词语

1.For one thing, … for another thing, …

2.On one hand, … on the other hand, …

五.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语

1.For this reason

2.As a result

3.because of

4.Due to

5.Thanks to

6.Thus

7.In this way

8.Accordingly

9.Therefore

★★★逻辑词

a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,

d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now thate.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently

f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way

g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , howeverh.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with

i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actuallyj.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet,title

第20篇：英语写作

英语作文模板

一、英语作文的框机架 对比观点题型

（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为……2．另一些人认为……3．我的看法……

Nowadays，the topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly (finally),⑦----------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice .（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

１．问题现状

２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ----------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally, --------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１．说明事物现状 ２．事物本身的优缺点 ３．你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)． 议论文的框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that_观二_____.In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\",讨论议题is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,缺 点 一 .In addition, 缺 点 二 .To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

经典句式

（一）．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。 1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． 2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．

3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． 类似句式

1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．

2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages ．（ just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）

（二）．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。 1．Computers play an important role in science and technology． 2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．

Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies． 3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind． 类似句式

1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．

2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．

（三）I．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，

1．With the development of our economy，many Chinese families can afford a car．

2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．

3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home． 类似句式

1．With the rapid increase of China\'s population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．

（四）It is important for

It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world 类似句式：

It is important/（neceary, difficult, convenient, poible）for sb.to do sth

1、

It is neceary to shake hands when you first meet someone

（五）The+比较级..., the+比较级...1，,The harder you work at it, the more progre you will make.

类似句式

比较级+and+比较级（The world is getting smaller and smaller.）

《英语文章写作范文.doc》

将本文的Word文档下载到电脑，方便编辑。

推荐度：

点击下载文档