推荐第1篇：雅思英文自我介绍
自我介绍，就是把自已介绍给别人，以使别人认识自已。以下为雅思英文自我介绍模板，可供大家参考！
范文一:
I am___ .I was born in___ .I graduate from___ senior high school and major in ___.I started learning English since I was 12 years old.
My parents have a lot of American friends.Thats why I have no problem communicating with Americans or others by speaking English.In my spare time, I like to do anything relating to English such as listening to English songs, watching English movies or TV programs, or even attending the activities held by some English clubs or institutes.
I used to go abroad for a short- term English study.During that time, I learned a lot of daily life English and saw a lot of different things.I think language is very interesting.I could expre one substance by using different sounds.So I wish I could study and read more English literatures and enlarge my knowledge.
范文二：
My name is___.There are 4 people in my family.
My father is a Chemistry teacher.He teaches chemistry in senior high school.My mother is an English teacher.She teaches English in the university.I have a younger brother, he is a junior high school student and is preparing for the entrance exam.
I like to read English story books in my free time.Sometimes I surf the Internet and download the E- books to read.Reading E- books is fun.In addition, it also enlarges my vocabulary words because of the advanced technology and the vivid animations.
I hope to study both English and computer technology because I am interested in both of the subjects.Maybe one day I could combine both of them and apply to my research in the future.
范文三：
My name is___.I am from___.There are 5 people in my family.
My father works in a computer company.He is a computer engineer.My mother works in an international trade company.She is also a busy woman.I have a older sister and a younger brother.My sister is a junior in National Taiwan University.She majors in English.My brother is an elementary school student.He is 8 years old.
I love surfing the Internet very much.I play the on-line game for about 2 hours every day.I wish I could be a computer program designer in the future.And that is why I am applying for the electronics program in your school.
范文四:
From a middle cla family, I was born in Hsin Ying, Tainan on October 10th, 1965.My father is a civil official at Tainan City Government.My mother is a house wife good at cooking.Although I am the only child of my parents, I am by no mans a spoiled one.
On the contrary, I have been expected to be a succeful man with advanced education.I study hard at school.Besides texts knowledge, journalism is my favorite; whenever reading, my heart is filled with great joy and interesting.Being good is must; succeful, however, is plus.Father adopts the idea of his father.Especially in military service, I realized it more precisely.People said: Military service makes a boy to man, I agree that.
I realized the importance of English and began to study diligently when I was eighteen.I did not start in my early age, but I hope that I could pa the test of General English Proficiency Test.And this is my best wish at the moment.
范文五:
After completing my military service, I have been looking for a challenging goal for me to achieve.And I found that the Intermediate of General English Proficiency Test fits my new achievement properly.I graduated from Taipei Commercial Junior College, majored in busine administration.
Instead of spending much time in playing, I devoted myself to my studies and paid attention to all meaningful things happened in daily life.By the way, I learned a lot from Mr.Wang, the profeor of my busine cla.He is my good friend till now an often gives some appropriate suggestions toward my problem confusion.My father is, in the same way, a good consultant to me.
As he said: I am in poor education, little for you; to clarify, what he have given is far beyond his words, I do think so.I was born in a country of Ping Tung Country, farming is our career of generations.There are four people in my family, Mother is housewife and my brother is a student of an Agriculture College.I am optimistic and active, and I am confident that I can pa the test.Thank you for your precious to read my autobiography.
推荐第2篇：雅思很好的英文自我介绍
雅思很好的英文自我介绍 (一定要学习的) Good morning ! It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview, I hope i can make a good performance today.I\'m confident that I can succeed.Now i will introduce myself briefly I am 26 years old,born in shandong province .I was graduated from qingdao university.my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 2003.I spend most of my time on study,i have paed CET4/6 .and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.In July 2003, I began work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Because I\'m capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.And in August 2004,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, I\'d like to find a job which is more challenging.Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment.That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.I think I\'m a good team player and I\'m a person of great honesty to others.Also I am able to work under great preure.That’s all.Thank you for giving me the chance.
自我介绍(self-introduction) 1.Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is ***, 24.I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a cla in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you .I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparatively good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unle he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.
2.Good afternoon .I am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .First of all ,my english name is ...and my chinese name is ..If you are going to have a job interview ,you must say much things which can show your willne to this job ,such as ,it is my long cherished dream to be ...and I am eager to get an opportunity to do...and then give some examples which can give evidence to .then you can say something about your hobbies .and it is best that the hobbies have something to do with the job.What is more important is do not forget to communicate with the interviewee,keeping a smile and keeping your talks interesting and funny can contribute to the succe.I hope you will give them a wonderful speech .Good luck to you ! 3.good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have paed CET4/6 with an ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progre since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, me, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.i gue you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won\'t give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my clamates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride.
推荐第3篇：雅思复议申请信英文
雅思复议申请信英文模板
（1）Dear Sir,
My name is XXX.I took part in the IELTS test(General training) on 25th May in your cenetr for the purpose of immigration.0227 is my candidate number.I am writing to apply for the reaement of my test results.
As a pre-requisites of profeion aement, I need to take a IELTS test and reach at least level 6 on all four components.However, my writing is only at level 5.I have been in Australia for one year and have published several papers in English.I think my English writing should have reached at level 6.My poor score of writing maybe is due to my poor handwriting on the test paper.I will have lots of trouble if I wait for three month for the next test.Therefore, I want my writing part to be remarked.Enclosed are my original test results and payment for this application.
Any help from you will greatly be appreciated.
Regards.
XXX
（2）Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is XXX.I took part in the IELTS test (Academic Training) on mm-dd-yy in your center for the purpose of pursuing the Master Degree of XXX abroad.XXX is my candidate number.I am writing to apply for the reaement of my speaking test results.
As pre-requisites of profeion aement, I was informed that I have to take an IELTS test and reach at least level 6 on all four components by a university.However, my speaking is only at
5.I have been prepared the IELTS for nearly one year.I talked to my father in English everyday at least 2 hours in the past year.My father is an interpreter, who is working at a harbor bureau nearly forty years.I think my English speaking should have reached at level 6.My poor score of
speaking maybe is due to little nervous during the speaking test, after all that is my first time to take part in the speaking test of IELTS.I will lose the golden opportunity of applying the good reputation university if I wait for three months for the next test.Therefore, I will appreciate if my speaking part to be remarked.Enclosed are my original test results and the payment for this application.
Any helps from you will greatly be appreciated.
Regards.
XXX
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is ***.I took part in the general training IELTS test on 12 December 2012 at University of Technology, Sydney Australia (Centre Number: AU140) for the purpose of applying for Skilled – Graduate (Temporary) visa (subcla 485) in Australia.My candidate number was ******.I am writing to you to apply for a re-mark of writing part of my IELTS test.
In order to be able to apply for the work visa, I need to get at least band 5.5 for all of the four components (Speaking, Reading, Writing and Listening).But I only get 4.5 for writing part.I have been studying in Australia for 4 years and finished my bachelor degree last month.I know that I will receive a bachelor degree with Distinction which is the highest level of my degree in the graduation ceremony held in May 2009.I think my writing skill should be at least band 6.I even got band 6 for writing in an academic IELTS test three and a half years ago.It will be inconvenient for me to sit another IELTS test as the earliest test I can book is in April 2009 and my current student visa will expire in March 2009.Therefore, I would like to have my writing part remarked.
I found a part time job in an Australia public listed company before finishing my bachelor degree and now I am working full time in that company.I believe my employment with my company is a strong evidence of my English competence, as my resume and cover letter were reviewed in the recruitment proce.
The human resource manager told me that if I can get the work visa, she would give me a permanent full time job offer.
In other words, if I cannot get 6 for writing, I will not be able to apply for the work visa and lose my job subsequently.As you know, now it is very hard to find a job during the current receionary economy.I really don’t want to lose my job just because I cannot get the work visa.Furthermore, I am working on a project which can improve the work efficiency of my department and I am the only one in my department who has the skills to do it.If I lose my job, it will certainly bring inconvenience to my department.
Thank you for your time.Enclosed is my original test report form.I appreciate every effort you put in the remarking proce.Thank you very much.Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.
Best regards
MY SIGNATURE
MY NAME
推荐第4篇：雅思口语考试英文自我介绍
personnel statement (introduction)
1.Good morning, my name is Jack.It is really a great honor to have this opportunity, and I believe I can make good performance today and consequently be enrolled in your prestigious university.Now I will introduce myself briefly.I am 21 years old，born in Hei Longjiang province, northeast of China, and I am a senior student at Beijing XX University.My major is packaging engineering.And I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in June.In the past four years, I spent most of my time on study.I paed CET4/6 with a ease and acquired basic theoretical and practical knowledge of packaging and publishing.Besides, I have attended several packaging exhibitions held in Beijing, which really showed our profeional advantages.I have taken a tour to some big factories and companies, through which I got a deep understanding of domestic packaging industry.Compared to developed countries, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progre since 1978, our packaging industry is still underdeveloped, mey and unstable, and the situation of employees in the field is awkward.But I have full confidence in its bright future if only our economy can be kept at the growth pace still.I gue you may be interested in why I choose law as my future major and what is my plan of graduate life.I would like to tell you that to pursue law is one of my lifelong goals.I like my major packaging and won\'t give it up.If I can pursue master\'s degree here, I will combine law with my former education.I will work hard in such fields as patent, trademark and copyright on the basis of my years study in packaging and publishing.As to my character, I cannot describe it well, but I know I am optimistic and confident.Sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading and listening to the music, but I am not lonely, for I like to chat with my clamates about almost everything.My favorite pastime is to play volleyball, to play cards or to surf online.From life at university, I learn how to balance study and entertainment.By the way, I was an actor in our amazing drama club.I have a few glorious memories on stage.That is my pride...
2.Good morning, my dear teachers, my dear profeors.I am very glad to be here for your interview.My name is song yonghao; I am 22 years old .I comes from Luoyang, a very beautiful anicent city.my undergraduate period will be accomplished in chang\'an university in July ,2004;and now, I am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.
Generally speaking, I am a hard working student especially do the thing .I am interested in.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.When I was sophomore, I found web design very interesting, so I learned it very hard.To weaver a homepage for myself, I stayed with my personnel computer for half a month.and I am the first one in my cla who own his homepage.Furthermore is a person with great perseverance.During the days preparing for the first examination, I insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.And just owning to this, I could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.Well, in my spare time, I like basketball, tennis and Chinese che.Also English is my favorate.I often go to English corner to practice my oral English on every Thursday, and write compositions to improve my written ability .but I know my English is not good enough, I will continue studying.
Ok, that is all, thank you for your attention.
My hometown------Luoyang
I am from Luoyang, a beautiful city in Henan province.It is famous as the \"capital of nine dynasties” and enjoy the honor that Luoyang peony is the best in the world.Luoyang played a very important role in Chinese history.So it has a profound cultural background and many great heritage sites have been well revered.Such as long men grotto, one of the three grottoes in china and white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of cheese Buddhism.Luoyang peony is world-famous.Every year, many tourists travel to Luoyang to see the beauty of peony .the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travelers from all over the world.
I like my hometown very much.
3.Good afternoon, my dear teachers:
It’s my great pleasure to stand here for this interview.
First, let me introduce myself.My name is ** and you also can call my English nickname **.
I like a word said by Napoleon: I succeeded because I will it; I never hesitated.I believe in all time: If you think you can, you can.
I come from **, the capital of ** province and will graduate from the management of department of ** university, in July this year.In undergraduate period, I achieved scholarship when I was sophomore and junior, meantime I became the chairman of pingpong club.
In term of which, you could feel I am an optimistic and active man.Moreover, I am a thoughtful student.Specially, I am pretty good at learning form daily life and study.It is energetic of me to think some meaningful iues.When I face to problems, I am capable of analyzing and settling them by myself.If the matter is special intricate, I also can corporate well with others as a team.
推荐第5篇：雅思人物描述英文词汇
最权威的国际教育服务平台
雅思人物描述英文词汇
人物描述
personal information 个人信息
Surname/Family name姓
first name/given name 名
other names 其他名字或曾用名
gender 性别
hair color 头发颜色
curly black hair卷曲的黑色头发
brown hair棕发
blond 金发碧眼的
blond hair金发
fair hair 金发
dyed hair 染发
wig假发
short hair短头发
long hair长头发
curly hair卷发
资料来源：教育优选 http://www.daodoc.com/
最权威的国际教育服务平台
wavy hair卷发
straight hair直发
a pony tail 马尾
pigtail辫子
long/short plaits 长短辫子
wear hair in a bun盘头
parted in the middle 中分
crew cut平头
short spiky hair寸头
parted in the middle 中分
bald/balding 秃头
side burns络腮胡子
beard 落腮胡子，下巴上的胡子
moustache/mustache 上唇上的小胡子
clean-shaven胡子刮得很干净的
dimple酒窝
pimple 青春痘
wrinkle/wrinkle lines皱纹
freckle雀斑
资料来源：教育优选 http://www.daodoc.com/
最权威的国际教育服务平台
beauty spot美人痣
scar疤痕
angular 棱角分明的
double chin双下巴
small chin小下巴
high lined forehead大脑门
high cheek bones高颧骨
thin lips薄嘴唇
full lips厚嘴唇
hook nose鹰钩鼻
turn-up nose朝天鼻
thin eyebrows淡眉毛
thick eyebrows浓眉毛
long eyelashes长睫毛
tall高
pretty tall很高
height of medium中等身材
medium-built中等身材的
height of average平均身高
资料来源：教育优选 http://www.daodoc.com/
最权威的国际教育服务平台
175 centimeters tall读作one metre seventy-five， 175cm高）
short矮
small 矮小的
fat胖
stout 结实的、矮胖的
stocky 粗壮的、结实的
plump 丰满的
slim瘦的
thin瘦的
slender苗条的，瘦长的
服饰
jewelry珠宝
hat帽子
glaes/spectacles 眼镜
wearing glaes 戴眼镜
contact lenses 隐型眼镜
light 浅色的
be in red/green/dark 身着红/绿/黑色衣服
dre 女服
资料来源：教育优选 http://www.daodoc.com/
最权威的国际教育服务平台
suit（男）西服/（女）套装
suit and tie西装领带
be in/ wear tie 戴领带 bow tie领结
loose clothes宽松的服装
tight clothes紧身的服装
shirt男式衬衫
checked shirt 格子衬衣
spotted shirt 斑点衬衣
skirt女裙
formal dre 正式的服装
casual dre 非正式的服装
jeans and T shirts牛仔裤T恤衫
top 上衣
pullover 套头毛衣
jumper 套头外衣
sweater 套头衫/运动衫
bracelet 手镯
sandal凉鞋
资料来源：教育优选 http://www.daodoc.com/
推荐第6篇：【美联英语】英文求职信雅思
小编给你一个美联英语官方试听课申请链接：
http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0
美联英语提供：英文求职信雅思范文
英文求职信雅思范文篇1
Dear Sir,
If an ability to learn fast and to work efficiently is important to you, then I may be the right one for the position you offered .Please consider my application for the position.
I am supposed to graduate from Bunie School of HuBei Uniersity of Tcchnology in international economy and trade in July 20XX.The three -year education endowed me with a general knowledge and good command of profeional knowledge，as well as basic computer knowledge.I have paed all the courses and achieved excellent grade.Outside claroom, I was very active and took part in different extracurricular activities.I have been doing many part-time jobs such as sales and others that you can see in my resume.All these experiences contributed much to the development and promotion of my organization and communication ability.
I am a woman who has a strong and creative mind, plus flexibility of cooperation, public relations skills and so on.I would bring a delighted new interest and enthusiasm, and that, of course, would mean more efficient and
she has something to offer? If you wish to see me, I will be very pleased to come in for an interview.I should esteem it a great favor if you could give me an opportunity to try to serve you in the position.
Thank you for your consideration
Yours sincerely
英文求职信雅思范文篇2
dear h.r.manager:
this is xxx,and i want to apply for a foreign trader position in your company.
i will graduate from east china jiaotong university with a bachelor degree in mechanics and electronics engineering this july. in college
we
have
sourses
related
to manufacturing ,mechanics&machinery ,electrics&electronics.besides major study, i am aslo interested in international trade.under the influence of my father who is a busineman i want to be a trader ,especial an international trader in mechantronic or electronic field,because in that way it would be a perfect combintion of my interests and profeesional knowledge.i have self-taught some economic courses during the college for the preparation of my career,such as finance,international trade.
international trade is a job always under preure and with little spare time,and i like this kind of job,bucause working under preure would bring the
potential out of us and it\'s growth for us.international trade is aslo a challenge job,it involves many kinds of knowledge,not only you must know clearly the procedures of international trade ,but aslo the knowledge of the product you are trading.i don\'t fear of challenge,i only fear no challenge to challenge.
i am a smart guy good at learning,especial those things i like,not only i learn from books, i aslo learn from the people around me,that\'s why i like to make friends with all kinds of people.i am aslo like reading and watching movies,i read newspaper and magazine regually.i like travelling too and i went to a new place very year during
the
college.with
the
characteriscs
of honesty,optimisitc,positive,hard-work,promise-keeper,open-mind,i believe i am qualified for the position.
the following is my text format resume in chinese and english, and the attachment is my recent picture and photos of my academic transcript and some english test certificates,please download and check them.
please feel free to contact me if you can arrange an interview for me, i can go to for the interview anytime.
best regards
英文求职信雅思范文篇3
Dear leaders:
Hello!
I am a graduate of HebEi Normal University of Science & Technology.Upon completion of their studies, about to enter the community, I need to find a suitable development.Your organization now have the opportunity to job-seekers, I am very honored.
I majored in profeional information management and information systems.The main learning the basics of information management, systems design and database maintenance and use of the function and use of computer-aided and web production.In addition, the economic specialist study, accounting, statistics knowledge, can be engaged in the maintenance of information systems, database maintenance, computer work, and site-building, systems, network maintenance and so on.
I have my have a strong sense of confidence on their own.University life, I learn to good results for the future work of the profeional and lay a solid foundation.And to integrate theory with practice, and actively carry out profeional practice, and test their own knowledge, so they have a strong analysis of iues and the practical ability to solve the problem.In order to meet the economic, scientific, technological and social development needs, I rounded all-round development, but also actively participate in various social activities.Through a long period of study and training, and accumulated some experience.After all, it is not enough.
My lack of experience may allow you to hesitate, but ask you to believe that the drive is my hard work and efforts of the capital, honest and trustworthy is my
standards of life, innovation and practical way is my way of thinking, which is sufficient to make up for my current inadequate.Therefore I would like to join your group.I will do my job well, will do our best to obtain good results, with you through thick and thin, create a better future.
Finally, thank you for your reading, look forward to your reply, your company would like to prosperity!
Yours sincerely,
Salute!
英文求职信雅思范文篇4
gentlemen,
I have been told by Mr.John L.Pak,Credit Manager, The Busine Book Publishing,New York, with whom I believe you are acquainted,that you are expecting to make some additions to your accounting staff in June.I should like to be considered an applicant for one of these positions.
You can see from the data sheet that is enclosed with this letter that I have had five years of varied experience in the book busine.The companies for which I have worked have given me permiion to refer you to them for information about the quality of the work I did while in their employ.
My work was in the credit department and in the accounting department in both companies,with some experience also in inventory control.In both positions,I have been aigned with the daily office administration.The courses
taken at Central Commercial and the Bronx Community College specifically prepare me for doing the accounting required in your department.
I hope that you will give me an interview at some time convenient to you.If there is further information that you wish in the meantime,please let me know.I can always be reached at the addre given at the beginning of this letter.
Very truly yours
小编给你一个美联英语官方试听课申请链接：
http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0
推荐第7篇：雅思词汇：自我介绍常用的英文词汇
关于自我介绍常用的英文词汇:
high sense of responsibility责任感;cooperative有合作精神;
hard-working勤奋的;
aggreive有进取心;
innovative有创新精神;
sociable善于交际;
easygoing容易相处;
adaptable适应性强;
analytical善于分析;
pleasant personality性格开朗
推荐第8篇：英文写作比较型说明文的模式
比较型说明文的模式
第一步：审题
1.A Major Advantage or Disadvantage of Playing Computer Games
2.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Travel
3.Some people believe that a college or university education should be available toall students; others believe that higher education should be available only to goodstudents.What’s your opinion？
第二步：构思
模式
I （该模式用于比较两个事物，作者的倾向比较明显时）
第一段, 引言句(现象或事实陈述法)引出要比较的两个事物
(A 或B)用一句话表明自己的观点（如：倾向A ）
第二段, 段落主题句承接首段中的观点，并对本段内容加以限定
比较之一:
指出A事物的优点之一, 用拓展句加以说明.通过转折指出B事物的缺点, 用拓展句加以说明.
比较之二:
指出A事物的优点之二, 用拓展句加以说明.通过转折指出B事物的缺点,用拓展句加以说明.
（A1B1A2B2A3B3 point-by-point pattern）
第三段, 得出结论,注意首尾观点一致.
Television As a Better Source of NewsAmong the three ma media—television, newspaper and radio, I regard television as a better source.
My statement that television is a better source of news is based on the following two reasons.The first reason is that television can report news more quickly.We can get the news at the same time when something is happening or immediately after something happened.While newspapers can only offer the news that happened a day or two days ago.The second reason is that television can report news more vividly and impreively.With sounds and pictures on TV, we can be deeply impreed by the news as if we were personally on the spot.But when we try to get news from the newspaper, we have to concentrate our mind on the lines and use our imaginations to for a concrete image, which is always tiresome and time-consuming.According to the above mentioned reasons; we can easily draw a conclusion that television is really a better source of news.
模式II
如果作文要求比较两个事物的不同之处,宜用下列结构:
第一段, 引言句(一般用现象陈述法,提问)引出要比较的两个;主题句指出的两个事物存在着明显的差异或两个事物的不同特点.
第二段, 直接评述A事物的主要特点,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述);指出B事物的主要特点,用拓展句加以具体明.
(A1A2A3B1B2B3
subject-by-subject pattern)
第三段, 通过比较得出倾向性的结论, 表明作者的态度.
Where to Live–in the City or the Country
Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city.The city has better transportation service and health care.City dwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants, department stores and concert halls.They are well-informed about what is going on at home and abroad, and have the acce to better education, better jobs and more opportunities for busine.But country life is also attractive.With the fresh air, the green trees and the singing birds, country people are close to nature and live a quiet life.They can make friends with simple and honest men or wander about leisurely without any preure upon their mind.
Both the country and the city, however, have their own disadvantages.In the country, educational facilities, medical services and transportation systems are still not fully developed.And the city also has many problems, such as heavy traffic, air pollution, great noise and poor housing conditions.As far as I’m concerned, I hated the terrible dirt and noise in the city.So, given the chance, I would prefer to live peacefully in the country.
The Main Difference Between Exam-oriented Education and Quality-oriented Education
Education in China used to be exam-oriented one.But with the development of education reform, quality-oriented education is streed again and again.So there rises a question: what is the main difference between these two?
Accordingto my understanding, exam-oriented education focuses on students’ ability of paing examination of different levels.This education is to test the students command of knowledge they
have obtained from the textbooks.So examination results are the only criterion which is used to evaluate the students whether they are “excellent” ones or “bad” ones.However, quality-oriented
education focuses on students’ various qualities, including academic moral quality, cultural quality, most important, their individual personality and potentialities.The main purpose of this education is to bring students’ practical potentialities into full play.Quality-oriented education can teach students how to face difficulties and solve problems independently.
From the above comparison between exam-oriented education and quality-oriented education, we find that the latter one is superior.So it is time for our universities and colleges to bring quality-oriented education into students’ daily life.
比较一个事物的两个方面的时候也可以用这种模式：
第一段, 引言句引出要比较的两个方面（advantage & disadvantage）
第二段, 直接评述advantage,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述);然后再指出disadvantage,
用拓展句加以具体明.(A1A2A3B1B2B3 subject-by-subject pattern)
第三段, 通过比较得出倾向性的结论, 表明优劣或作者态度.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Travel
In the last fifty years, traveling by air has become the most popular form of long-distance journeys.However, there are both positive and negative aociated with it.
The first advantage of air travel is that it is quick.For instance, we can fly from Beijing to Guangzhou in le than three hours.The second advantage of traveling by air is that it is convenient.After we have checked in, all we have to do is to get on and sit down.The friendly air stewarde will look after our every need.The third advantage of traveling by air is that it is now relatively cheep, especially for long distance travel.We can fly from Beijing to Guangzhou for only 1200 Yuan.
But on the other hand, traveling by air has its disadvantages.Perhaps the most obvious is the element of danger involved, such as hijackings and crashes.Traveling by air also makes it impoible for us to see many scenic spot on the way to our destination.In addition to the above mentioned, a long distance air travel may make us very tired, both mentally and physically.Many precious days of holiday may be wasted recovering from airsickne.
To conclude, although air travel involves inconvenience and slight risk, I would say that the advantages mentioned above weigh much more than the disadvantages.
Exercise:
With the development of computer, the Internet has become widely used.It is just like information net that has covered the world.Some people worry that it provides too much for people.Write a composition of about 200 words to state your view on this iue.
Does the Internet Provide Too Much for People
When a great deal of information is exchanged on the Internet almost every second, some people worry that it provides too much for people.To know it clearly, we should look at both sides of the Internet.
On one hand, the Internet shows us a closer and wider world than ever before.Just staying at home, we can get all kinds of useful information in any scientific research field whenever we need.Through the Internet, more and more chances are provided to improve our work, enrich our knowledge and help our country to keep up with the others.But on the other hand, the Internet also brings us many troubles.Usele information and games send to us unavoidably.From this angle, we have to say that those people’s complaints are understandable.
Generally speaking, the Internet has played an important role in modern life.It is like a double-edged sword.We should make the best use of one edge, and try not to be hurt by the other one.
模式III
（该模式用于比较两个事物时作者的倾向比较明显）
第一段, 引言句引出要比较的两个事物;主题句概括地指出其中一个事物的优点和缺点。
（倾向于A）
第二段, 只评述A事物的优点,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述);指出A事物的缺点,
用拓展句加以具体明.
第三段, 通过比较得出倾向性的结论, 表明作者的态度.
这样类似于比较一个事物的两个方面。
Sharing a Room with a Stranger or Living by Yourself
Nowadays, more and more college students like to live off campus.Some prefer to share a flat with somebody else to divide the rent between them and others prefer to have a flat to themselves.There are always two aspects to one situation.Sharing a flat with somebody else has its advantages and disadvantages.
Study requires peace and quietne.A stranger who shares a room with you may disturb you.Your thoughts can be interrupted by his sudden return, or by asking for a light, or merely by his cough or sneeze.At night, when you want to sleep, he may be toing in bed, making enough noise to keep you awake.If the stranger is bad-tempered, he may quarrel with you, and yet, you must have patience.
However, there are many positive aspects of sharing a room with a stranger.First, with another person in the room, you will not feel lonely although far way from you home.Second, you can always help each other.Whatever difficulty you are in, you can get a helping hand.If the person you live with is a senior student, you can even get advice from him on your work and study.Third, living with a stranger offers you a chance of learning to get along with people.Since you have to live with a stranger for quite a long period, you will do your best to make friends with him.If you are succeful in gaining his trust, you may also be succeful in the more complicated and competitive society.
Therefore, I think, sharing a room with a stranger is a good arrangement of living for all the disadvantages.I prefer to share a flat with someone else rather than live alone.
Where to Live– in the City or in the Country
Each year thousands of people rush into big cities.Some come for education, some for shopping and some on busine.But most of them, attracted by the job opportunities and modern life, come to stay.
People enjoy city life chiefly for its conveniences.To begin with, the city provides fast transport, with roads and buses leading to every corner.Then, there are department stores and shops all over the city, where you can buy all kinds of goods you want.Besides, hospitals and other services are
all within easy reach.Indeed, whatever your need is, you can easily get what your want.
However, ig cities are confronted with many problems.One is the housing problem.For examples, it is not uncommon for two or even three generations to share an apartment.Another problem is pollution.The air is not clean and the environment is noisy.
In short, the city is only a place for busine, to be visited occasionally.It is not an
ideal place for permanent living.
模式IV
第一段, 引言句引出要比较的两个事物;主题句鲜明地表明作者的态度—倾向其中一个（如：
A）。
第二段, 只评述A事物的优点,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述)
第三段, 总结A的优点，再次表明态度，和第一段里态度一致。
这种方式就将比较型的说明文变成了阐述型的说明文。
Where to Live– in the City or in the Country
There are undeniable advantages to both life in a big city and in a small town.However, despite the advantages of small town life, I prefer to live in a big city for several reasons.
First, life in the big city is more convenient.More goods are available and stores stay open later.Also, there is better public transportation, so it is easier to get around.I can find almost anything I want easily in the city.Second, there are more ways to spend leisure time in the city.There are many places I can go to meet friends and have fun.Finally, and most importantly, the city offers more educational and job opportunities.The city often attracts the best teachers and the best companies.There is also a wider choice of jobs so it is easier to move up the career ladder.
For all these reasons, I prefer to live in the city.Although I sometimes mi the fresh air and quiet life of a small town, nothing can make up for the opportunities that the city offers.
Exercise:
Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students; others believe that higher education should be available only to good students.What’s your opinion?
Opening University Doors to All Students
Some people believe that university education should be available to all students.Others believe that higher education should be limited to only good students.I think universities should open their doors to all students.
Those who argue for the availability of university education to good students think that having only good students study in university would save the government’s fund.However, these people neglect one fact that most school graduates are too young to work.
These young people, especially the so-called bad students, since they are refused by colleges and universities, have nothing to do and would easily form gangs.Those who argue for the availability of higher education to all students believe that every student should have the equal right to education.
Besides, when ma students have university education year after year, the education lever of the whole society will finally get promoted, resulting in a better quality of the nation.Apparently, opening university doors to all students benefits the society and
the whole nation; therefore, it is a better choice for us to take.
推荐第9篇：说明文
我的莲花女
记得李白的诗中写道：“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰。”不错，用来形容我的小陶瓷——莲花女，最合适不过了，因为她纯洁而朴素，自然而飘渺。(引用概括) 莲花女高约22cm，长约23cm，宽约10cm。整个工艺品描绘的是一个名叫莲花的女子在含首抚琴，给人一个淡雅的感觉。（物品的长宽高和整体的感觉）
莲花她有一头青丝，垂散于身背，头上无太多的装饰，唯有一支雕刻了许多金莲的金叉，盘了一丝头发，插于云鬓中，甚是好看。她的皮肤白皙如雪，长又弯的眉毛，一双丹凤眼半眯着，似乎在享受这天籁之音，朱唇微扬，让人觉得可以和”蒙娜丽莎”相媲美。（外形）
她身着一袭隐约带绿色的轻纱素裙，酥胸微露，长袖袖口迎风飘扬，还隐约看到藏在那薄妇蝉翼纤纤玉臂。素裙的裙摆还细致描绘了许多高洁的荷花。有的含苞待放、有的粉雕玉琢，开得正灿烂„„把略施粉黛的莲花女衬托得更加美丽。 （衣着）
莲花女坐在一块青松石上，大腿上放着一架古色古香的凤尾琴，琴码琴弦清晰可见，她左手按弦，右手轻抚琴弦。更可贵的是，琴身虽仅有11厘米长，宽2厘米，但上面雕刻了上百朵婀娜多姿的荷花，以及“细若蚊足”的“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。”（外形）
在莲花女的左边的裙摆上，有一两只黄粉蝶在驻留，仿佛在倾听莲花女弹奏的五指妙音。
远远望去，莲花女就像是一个与尘世无染，高洁不羁的仙女。让人不想起《爱莲说》中的：“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。”（照应开头写整体感觉）
莲花女，实属一件惟妙惟肖、不可多得的工艺品。
保温瓶的自述
我叫保温瓶，人送别号茶瓶、保暖瓶、热水瓶。
我诞生在矮人国，身高仅三十五公分左右，腰围却有四十公分。你可别小看我这五短身材，朋友却是遍布五湖四海。上至宫廷首相府，下至寻常百姓家，都奉我为尊贵的座上宾。
炎炎盛夏，想沏一杯龙井茶，隆隆寒冬，欲饮一杯热开水，只要提起我来，便能满足人们的需求。这就难怪我要受到人们的青睐了。（作用）
其实，从结构上说，我太简单了。外面一层瓶壳，是我的外衣；内中一只瓶胆，就算我的身体。瓶胆是玻璃制成，容易碎，这外衣就显得十分重要。服装也随着时代而变化，开始是竹制的，逐渐换用塑料和钢精的了。实用、美观、大方，反映出我的审美观。（结构、外形）
有人问我，你的身体结构如此简单，怎么能保温的呢？说起来，这主要是瓶胆的功劳了。瓶口上不是有一只软木塞子吗？就是这个塞子，切断了瓶内热分子与瓶外冷空气对流的道路。瓶胆壁是双层的，中间夹层抽出了真空（真空是不传热的），这就把热传导的路给切断了。同时，你们看到瓶胆上亮晶晶的，那是有意涂上的一层薄薄的银，它能像镜子一样将热辐射挡了回去。有了这三条，热就可以比较长久地保留下来了。当然，这种绝热还不那么理想，仍然有一部分热能够跑出来，因此我的保暖时间总是有一定的限度。（从结构去分析保温原理）
别看我一贯沉默寡言，有时也会发脾气，“嘭”一声，瓶塞一蹦老高。那当然不是本人的过错。倒开水时，冷空气会乘机从瓶口跑进去，受热后体积膨胀，这时木塞偏偏塞得过紧，憋不住，就会将瓶塞顶出。如果你在盖木塞时，先把木塞放在瓶口，留一点缝隙，把水瓶轻轻晃动一下，让水汽微微出来，再把木塞盖紧，我就不会暴跳如雷了。（使用注意事项）
人们说，老虎屁股摸不得。我不是老虎，可屁股上那个小尾巴──抽气尾管却也碰不得。一旦碰破，瓶胆夹层进入空气，就会失去保温性能，所以必须对其细心保护。另外，瓶胆使用久了，内壁会附着一层水垢，不仅不卫生，并且会使瓶胆失去反射作用而影响保温，因此必须及时清除水垢。清除方法很简便，可用小苏打、温盐水灌进去，再放一些纸屑、碎鸡蛋壳，用双手摇晃几下，水垢即可除去。（如何保管）
南宋华岳有《田家》诗云：“鸡唱三声天欲明，安排饭碗与茶瓶。”昔日祖辈与今天的我当然不好攀比了。今天的我正适应时代潮流，不仅外貌上美化，图文并茂，色彩纷呈，而且品种上翻新，什么旅行式，气压式，等等，可谓琳琅满目，美不胜收。（品种变化）
我将继续竭诚为人类服务，不辜负朋友对我的信任：外表冷静，心是热的。
闹 钟
自上小学开始，父母为了锻炼我的自理能力，每天由我自己决定睡觉和起床的时间。于是，我就不得不使用闹钟。他是我学习的好帮手，生活的好朋友，每天按时提醒我睡觉、起床，伴我一路成长。现在，他虽然有些残旧，但我依然爱不释手。
我的闹钟，美观可爱，价廉物美。
他的外形是一个机器猫，天蓝色的肥胖身子，一双白白的大眼睛下面，长着一个红红圆圆的大鼻子，一张弯弯的嘴巴总是冲着你笑，一副憨态可掬的样子，十分可爱。机器猫的肚子里是一个白手的大表盘，12个彩色的数字均匀地刻在表盘的四周。表盘里秒针、分针、时针、定时针各尽其责，有规律地在表盘里相聚、分散，不知疲倦、周而复始地在机器猫的肚子里转。
不闹时，他总是默默地注视我、鼓励我；但是每天一到早上他都会准时地喊“快起床！快起床！”来闹醒我。有时我没有及时按停闹铃键，他就大有不达目的绝不罢休之势，闹个不止。
与别的闹钟不一样的是，夜晚他还是我照明的工具：因为他的头顶上有一个按灯的长弧形按钮。只要轻轻一按，灯就会亮起，既可以照亮机器猫的大表盘看到时间，又可以为我在黑夜里照明。他非常聪明，只要一松手，灯就会延时三十秒自动关闭，你说多节能！
关于闹钟的原理，我还专门上网查了一些资料。石英闹钟也可叫做水晶振动电子表，因为它是利用水晶片的发振现象。当水晶接受到外部的加力电压，就会有变形及伸缩的性质。相反，若压缩水晶，便会使水晶两端产生电力。石英表就是利用周期性持续发振的水晶，为我们带来准确的时间和闹铃。
科技的进步带来时代的发展，现在这只一直陪伴我走在求学路上甚至有点落后的机器猫，我依然珍爱。
哪怕有一天他老了再也不能闹了，我也将珍藏起他，因为是他记录了我忙碌的脚步、青葱的岁月！
推荐第10篇：说明文
说明文复习
班级姓名
（1）（2）（3）（4）
练习题1：
考拉之所以每天的睡眠时间长达20个小时，是因为它的血液中含有百分之三十和安眠药类似的物质。
这句话用的说明方法是，这样写的好处是
练习题2：
植物的喜怒哀乐
植物和人类一样，有着自己的喜好和情感。
各种植物都能凭着良好的视觉，辨别各种波段的可见光，尽可能地吸收自己喜好的光线。用红光照射植物，可以增加糖的含量；用蓝光照射植物，可以增加蛋白质的含量；紫光，可以促进茄子的生长。这样科学家可以根据植物对颜色的喜好和生产需要，给它们加盖不同颜色的塑料薄膜。
有些植物伴随着任何一曲美妙的音乐生长，根系和叶绿素都会增多，例如：玉米和大豆听了《蓝色狂想曲》，心情舒畅，发芽特别快。而有些植物就对音乐十分挑剔，像胡萝卜和马铃薯偏爱听音乐家瓦格纳的音乐，白菜和豆角则喜欢听莫扎特的音乐。还有一些植物宁可不听音乐，也不愿听不喜欢的音乐。高雅的玫瑰听了悠扬的小提琴曲鲜花怒放，可听了摇滚乐就加速花朵的凋谢。
植物还有强烈的同情心。当科学家把一只只小活虾扔进滚烫的开水锅里时，连接在植物叶片上的测试仪显示：植物的“情感曲线”像温度计的水银柱受了热一样，骤然上升。那些目睹惨剧的植物也好像人类悲痛时的表现。还有一个实验：在一个房间里先放入两株植物，再请进6个人，然后让其中一个人掐断一株植物，这株植物就成了受害者，接着6个人同时离开。科学家规定10分钟后，请刚才没有掐断植物的5个人分别在不同时间依次进入房间，研究者立刻把测试仪和没有受伤害的植物叶片连接起来，你猜发生了怎样的情况？测试仪显示：“植物的情感曲线”剧烈地波动起来，就好像人们处在极度愤怒或哀伤的状态中一样。
看来，植物的确是有情感的啊！“爱护花草树木”是对植物应有的尊重，不能只停留在口头上，必须落实在每个人的行动中！
关于植物的情感研究有着极其重要的科学意义，它不仅告诉人们生物之间是有亲缘关系的，而且还告诫人类应该尊重所有生命，保护好现有的生态环境。
植物的喜怒哀乐表现在哪三个方面？
第11篇：说明文
三、阅读下面的说明文，回答15～18题。（11分）
中国第五大发明——汉字
①汉字是当今世界上仍在使用的最古老的文字。从甲骨文算起，已有3500年以土的历 史了。古埃及的圣体字、巴比伦的楔形文字、中美洲的古玛雅文字等相继成为历史的陈迹，唯汉字独存。中国人用数千年的聪明才智创造出来的奇迹，在世界文字史上是独一无二的。它承载了中国五千年灿烂文明，至今仍旧具有旺盛的生命力。尤其是汉字计算机输入的优越性，使汉字的奇迹更令世人惊叹和信服。汉字堪称中国‚第五大发明‛。
②汉字具有超越方言和古今语言差别的功能。著名学者安子介先生说，‚中国由黑龙江到云南，汉字全通。‛‚中华文化连绵五千年，是用汉字记载的。‛‚西方字母的形式，根据历史说也是由象形而来，后来变成拼音，各国文字不同，相互联结的纽带断了，结果欧洲分成大小十数个国家。如果中国早年也走这条路，早已出现江苏国、广东国了。我国方言这样多，汉字的语音无法在‘语音学’上统一，但在文字使用上自古及今都是一脉相承的。汉字对汉族产生了不可估量的凝聚作用。‛可见，汉字具有超越方言和古今语言差别的功能，这对汉民族的形成和中国的统一具有重要的作用。
③汉字可以引发想象和联想。由于汉字以形表意，使用汉字时观其形而得其意，其中必定有想象和联想产生。并非仅仅由象形字直接演化过来的字如此，如‚日‛‚月‛等。会意字也是如此，如‚休息‛的‚休‛字，由‚人‛和‚木‛两部分组成，就是‚人‛靠着‚树‛歇息。我们从字形的拼组关系中便可想象出这字的意义。其实，有些形声字的声旁也是表意的，如‚文盲‛的‚盲‛字，声旁‚亡‛既表音也表意，‚盲‛就是‚亡‛了‚目‛。因此，汉字引发想象和联想的强大作用值得我们重视。
④汉字有利于发展大脑智力。从神经心理学和神经语言学的研究成果看，拼音文字是偏向大脑左半球的‚单脑文字‛，而汉字是大脑左、右两半球并用的‚复脑文字‛；拼音文字认知中‚语音编码‛方式起主要作用，而汉字认知中则是利用‚多重编码‛方式，语音、字形和语义编码兼用。学习汉字可以开发大脑左、右半球的潜力，有利于发展大脑智力。因此，从音、形、义三者结合上去学习汉字是科学的方法。
⑤与中华文明共存共荣的古老汉字，具有独特的形式和经久不息的生命力。我们要重新认识汉字的价值，充分发掘汉字的奥秘，以迎接汉字‚发挥威力‛的新时代。
15.根据第①段文字，就内容方面提出一个有思考价值的问题。（2分）
答：
16.选文第②段引用安子介先生的话意在说明什么？（3分）
答：
17.根据选文第④段，你认为西方学者针对拼音文字提出的“开发右脑”的主张，是否适合使用汉字的中国人？请说明理由。（3分）
答：
18.依照下面示例，从“尘、吠、诽”中任选一个，说出这个字引发了你怎样的想象和联想。（3分）
示例：“悟”左面是“心”，右面是“吾”，合在一起就是“我经过思考而有所领会
答：
第12篇：说明文
说明事物要抓住特征
一、教学目的
1、通过本次作文教学，使学生明白什么是事物特征和怎样抓住事物特征。
2、能抓住特征对事物进行说明。
二、教学重点：怎样抓住特征进行说明
三、教学难点：对“特征”的理解
四、教学步骤
导入：一棵树上的叶子，看上去样子好像差不多，但仔细观察就会发现，没有两片树叶是完全一样的。这件事告诉我们，即使是十分相似的事物也是有差别的，它们各有各的特点。铅笔、钢笔、毛笔、圆珠笔，虽说都是笔，却不完全一样。写说明文，要注意抓住事物的特征。
（一）要抓住特征说明事物。
任何事物都有自己的特征，这是这一事物区别于其它事物的最本质、最主要的方面。因此，要介绍清楚这一事物，必须把握住它的特征，才有准确性可言；不单写作说明文如此，阅读说明文也同样要把握住事物的特征，才能清楚地认识作者介绍的事物。抓住事物特征，是写好说明文的关键问题。
1、抓住事物特征的方法是：
（1）观察。在观察中通过比较找出这一事物与别的事物相互区别的地方。 （2）实践。通过亲自做去了解事物的特征。
（3）查阅有关资料。总之要把事物的特征写好，一要观察，二要分析，才能说得准确、扼要。
2、用比较的方法说明事物的特点。请说明“水与豆浆”各自的特征： 水是无色透明的液体，水是无嗅、无味的。
豆浆是一种乳白色液体,是由大豆经过研磨后再与水混合而成的饮品。
（二）课堂训练
以“水”为例，写一篇300字的说明文。 例文：
水是液体。石块和木块有一定的形状，无论放在桌子上或者盒子里，它们都不会改变自己的形状，都是固体。水就不同，放在圆杯子里就成为圆形，放在方盒子里就成了方形，它没有一定的形状。
水是无色透明的。有人说水是白色的，这话错了。拿水同牛奶比较一下就会明白，牛奶才是白色的，水是什么颜色也没有的。如果把一根筷子插入牛奶里，我们就看不见它。再把一根筷子插入清水中，我们能够透过清水看见插入的筷子。
水是无嗅、无味的。怎样来区分无色透明的烧酒和水呢？光凭肉眼是毫无办法的。只要闻一闻，尝一尝就能正确无误地区分了。烧酒有酒的气味和味道，而水却什么气味、什么味道也没有。 因此，在正常的情况下，水是无色、无嗅、无味的液体。（298）
（三）说明特征
1、特征就是一事物区别于其它事物的标志。事物的特征不止一个，要仔细观察、研究、分析。但不一定逐个介绍。要根据客观需要和写作目的来取舍。
2、确定事物特征的方法：
介绍人物，主要抓住人物的“经历特征”尤其是成就、有价值的生活阶段来加以说明。 介绍动物，抓住动物的形状和生理特征，生活习性等。 介绍植物，着重说明它的生态和用途。
介绍某种器物着重说明器物的结构、功能、使用方法等。
介绍建筑物，着重介绍它的外形特征、内部结构以及建筑材料等方面的特点。 介绍自然地理知识，着重介绍地理现象的形成及地形地貌。
介绍历史名称及事件，着重介绍名称形成的原因，事件发生的背景及其性质。
（四）写作训练
以“猫”为说明对象，突出特征，正确运用说明方法，写一篇600字以上的说明文。 思考提示：找出猫的外貌、生活习性、用处等特征，然后按逻辑顺序布局。 ◎参考写作提纲：
1、猫是食肉的哺乳动物。（下定义）
2、猫虎传说。
3、特征：眼睛、耳朵、脚爪、肉垫、胡须，（形状、作用）
4、捕鼠。（伏击、守侯、吃鼠）
5、嬉戏。（和狗打架）
6、肉、毛皮用处。
7、结束语
如何抓住事物的特征呢？
自然界中的事物，都有自己的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别于其他事物的不同之处。当我们向别人介绍某一事物时，只有把这一事物的独特之处突出地表现出来，才能给人以准确的、深刻的印象。
不同事物的特征各不相同，在写作说明文时，我们就要根据说明的对象，准确地说明事物的特征。如何抓住事物的特征呢？我们不妨运用下列方法：
一、同中求异法——运用这种方法，要求我们善于利用事物的形似相同，实质略有区别这一特点，准确地发现事物相同之中的不同点，并加以说明。例如，同样是笔，硬笔（铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔等）和软笔（毛笔）是不同的；即使同是硬笔，钢笔和圆珠笔的构造、特点、使用方法也有不同。如果能抓住这些进行说明，事物的特征就能表现得比较清楚了。著名桥梁专家茅以升的《中国石拱桥》是这样来说明赵州桥和永定河上的卢沟桥的——
（赵州桥）这座桥的特点是：
（一）全桥只有一个大拱，长达37.4米，在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱。桥洞不是普通的半圆形，而是像一张大弓，因而拱上面的道路没有陡坡，便于车马上下。„„
永定河上的卢沟桥，修建于公元1189年到1192年间。桥长265米，由11个半圆形的石拱组成，每个石拱长度不一，自16米到21.6米。桥宽约8米，路面平坦，几乎与河面平行。每两个石拱之间有石砌桥墩，把11个桥拱联成一个整体。由于各拱相联，所以这种桥叫做联拱石桥。
同是对桥拱的说明：前者是独拱，后者是联拱；同是对桥面的说明：前者是没有陡坡，后者是几乎与河面平行；同样是拱，前者是“像一张大弓”，后者则是“半圆形”。正是由于作者抓住了这些同中之异、具有特征性的东西，两座桥的特点才给我们留下了深刻的印象。
二、多面展示法——对一些结构较为复杂的事物，要将事物的特征说清楚，应该从多方面加以阐说，使其不同的特点全方位地展现在读者面前。叶圣陶先生在《苏州园林》一文中，说明了苏州园林“无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画”这一特征。这个特征比较复杂，也比较抽象，因此作者从苏州园林的布局、假山堆叠的艺术性和池沼与其它景物配合的灵活性、园林中栽种和修剪树木、花墙和廊子的巧妙设置及每个角落的布置等四个方面进行逐一展现使读者通过对各个局部的了解，整体认识了苏州园林的特点。
事物的整体特征，有时就是各个局部特征的总和。对事物的微观特点进行的说明，其实也就是对整体特征进行的说明。围绕某一点，多方面地展现事物的特征，能比较全面地反映事物的本质特点。多面展示，是我们在写作说明文时可以尝试的方法。
三、表里合一法——有些事物，其内在的特征是能通过外在的形式充分地表露出来的。因此通过说明其外在的特征，同样可以说明其内在的特征。请看这样几段文字——
有些动物是以动作作为联系信号的。在我国海滩上，有一种小蟹，雄的只有一只大螯，在寻求配偶时，便高举这只大螯，频频挥动，一旦发觉雌螯走来，就更加起劲地挥舞大螯，直至雌螯伴随着一同回穴。
有一种鹿是靠尾巴报信的，平安无事时，它的尾巴就垂下不动；尾巴半抬起来，表示正处于警戒状态；如果发现有危险，尾巴便完全竖直。 ——肖柯《千奇百怪的动物语言》
这两段文字，说明了有些动物是以动作作为语言的。说明时，作者主要是通过对两种动物的外显的现象的描绘来表现这一内在的特征的。
当然，以上三种方法只是在作文时供选择运用的操作方法，要能抓住事特的特征，关键还在于平时的细心观察。
第13篇：说明文
说明文，即用来解释或说明事物、理论、方法、过程或某种抽象概念的文章。说明文的基本目的就是说清楚。也就是说，要让人看了文章后对文章中解释或说明的对象有清晰明确的认识。这就决定了说明文的基本特征是客观和科学。
说明文首要的一点是明确说明的 对象，然后用准确的语言，结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。常用的说明手法有下定义、分类别、作比较、引资料、举例子、列数字、画图表等。下定义，即给要说明的对象下一个明确的定义。如博物馆的定义就是征集、保藏、陈列和研究代表自然和人类的实物,并为公众提供知识、教育和欣赏的文化教育机构。分类别是将要说明的对象按照某种标准划分类别，以帮助读者对事物的理解。如电视机，可以分为彩色电视机和黑白电视机。作比较，即将这种事物与那种事物比较异同，从而更清楚地说明事物的特点。如将城市和乡村作比较，将大学和幼儿园作比较等。作比较的时候一定要注意比较的事物之间应当具有可比性，不能生拉硬扯，也不能不尊重客观事实，胡乱比较。为了说明某种事物的特点，有时候需要介绍它的背景、原理、历史等，这时就要用到引资料这种手法。比如我们要对长城进行说明，适当地引用一些历史文献，就更有助于今天的人们了解长城的历史，从而加深对长城中所蕴含的民族精神的认识。在复杂说明文中，列图表具有不可替代的优势。大量的数据、冗长的叙述、复杂的相互关系等，都可以通过图表得到直观的表达。
按说明的对象不同，说明文可分为事物说明文和事理说明文。前者着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等，后者则重在说明事理。这两类说明文常用的写作手法也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征，常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法，事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征，地要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候，在同一篇文章中，几种说明手法都要用到，相辅相成，互为补充。
如何使说明文物理并重、形神兼备的呢?首要的一点是观察。说明文写作的前提是对要说明的事物非常熟悉。要做到这一点，就要养成认真观察、深入了解的习惯：
观察要有针对性。要带着问题观察，而不是走马观花、浮光掠影。最好能在观察前列出观察提纲，观察时要记笔记、画图标。要善于提出问题。
观察时要分清主次。这就要求我们注意观察的顺序。观察有概括性观察和特写性观察之分。前一种方法有助于抓住事物的概貌，后者则利于把握观察对象的细节和特征。由概括到特写、由全局到局部，是观察的一般原理。
观察重在事物的形。要想传神，写出事物的内涵、原理等，则需要有很好的查阅资料、作调查的能力。比如我们要写一篇文章来说明洛阳牡丹。在写好它的形状、颜色、品种之外，如果能够考察一下洛阳牡丹的来历、其中的牡丹名品在培育中的科学原理，这篇文章就会有说服力，使读者更深刻地认识到洛阳牡丹的文化特色。这就要求我们具备相当的知识积累、广阔的知识面和优秀的调查能力。作为小，应当从小注重积累知识和调查能力的训练。比如通过剪报、记笔记、上图书馆和阅览室等途径来有意识地训练自己。
写作说明文还要注意说明的顺序。有合理的顺序，文章才能条理清晰，让人看得明白。说明顺序一般有三种，即空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序。间顺序一般有从上到下、从左到右、从前到后、从远到近等。时间顺序一般有从古到今、从过去到现在等。 逻辑顺序有从现象到本质、从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体等。什么是合理的顺序呢?这要根据人们认识事物的过程以及说明对象本身的特征、规律而定。说明事物的形状、构造等，往往以空间为顺序;说明事物的成因、方法，往往以时间为顺序;说明事物的事理，往往以逻辑关系为顺序。
当然，大多数说明文会综合使用多种说明顺序。因此，在写作时，我们要合理地安排好说明顺序，理清说明文的结构层次。常用的结构层次有并列式、层进式和总分式三种。比如我们以“水”为题目进行写作，可以先写水的外形特征，再写水的分类，然后写水的用途，这是并列式的写作层次。我们也可以先写水的外形，再写水的成因，最后写水给人类带来的利与害，这是层进式的结构层次。先概括水的用途和特征，再一一细述，就是总分式。结构层次能力需发们在长期的写作过程中培养，现在就不一一细说了
第14篇：说明文
说明文相关知识及学习重点
一、概念：说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，或介绍事物的状态、性质、功能；或阐明事理，目的是给人以知识。
二、分类
1、从说明对象的角度：事物性说明文、事理性说明文。
2、从说明文语言特征：平实的说明文、生动的说明文。
三、说明事物要抓住特征：
所谓特征是这一事物区别于其他事物的标志。只有抓住特征才能说明白这一事物或事理的独特之处。
四、常见的说明方法有：
举例子、分类别、作比较、下定义、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用、（作诠释、摹状貌）。
常见说明方法的作用：
①举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。
②分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。
③作比较：把__________和__________加以比较，突出强调了事物的________特征/事理。 ④打比方：将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。
⑤下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。
⑥列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。 ⑦列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。 ⑧作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。 ⑨摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体形象。 ⑩引用：使文章更具说服力,让人更能理解,仿佛身临其境。 引用：引用有以下几种形式——
A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）
B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）
C、引用名言、格言、谚语:作用是使说明更有说服力。
D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。
（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）
下定义与作诠释的区别是：定义要求完整，即定义的对象与所下定义的外延要相等，并且要从一个方面完整地揭示概念的全部内涵；而诠释并不要求完整，只要揭示概念的一部分内涵就可以了，并且解释的对象与做出的解释外延也可以不相等。
摹状貌：就是通过具体的描写（运用比喻拟人手法）揭示事物的特征，有助于把被说明的对象说得更具体、生动。
五、说明的顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序
逻辑顺序包括：主——次、原因——结果、现象——本质、特征——用途、一般——个别、概括——具体、整体——局部。
典型考题：本文使用了什么说明顺序？有何作用？
标准化答题格式：本文使用了__________的说明顺序对__________加以说明，使说明更有条理性。（第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用“事理”、“科学事理”等模糊性的语言表述。）
六、说明文的语言：
考点：分析语言的准确性及词语的删减、置换
说明语言的准确性，是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等，都要求准确无误。说明的实用性很强，稍有差错，会失之毫厘，谬以千里。特别要注意说明文中使用的术语和修饰限制性的词语，它们往往体现了说明语言的准确性。如“我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有”，其中“几乎”对“到处都有”作了限制，意思是接近于“到处都有”，因为事实上不可能到处都有。在准确的前提下，说明的语言有的以平实见长，有的以生动活泼见长，都是为了介绍知识。 说明文的语言品析
对整篇文章语文的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确；B、形象生动或简明平实。
A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择一句话为例子。
规范性的答题格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点，如“……”一句，就准确/生动形象/简明平实地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理，像这样的例子文章中还有很多。
七、说明文的结构：
1．总分式：包括“总--分、分--总、总--分--总等，事物说明文多用总分式，其“分”的部分又常按并列方式安排。
2．递进式：事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。
八、考点动向及类型：
1说明对象及特征 2说明顺序、
3概括文章的内容要点。 4分析说明方法及作用。 5分析说明文语言在具体语言中的作用。
6类似联想与延伸：对于一种科学现象及原理或自然中的一些事物与现实的关系，提建议，发表看法。
第15篇：说明文
“李林森”同志先进事迹学习心得
题目：百姓系心间，躬身好领导。
建设银行电厂支行
张茜
一个人的一生是短暂的，在短暂的一生中能贡献的力量，也是有限的。可就是这四十二年的时间跨度，二十年的工作奉献，让人民记住了他，牵挂着他。他，李林森部长。
特别的感谢单位能组织这次向李林森同志学习的活动。这次活动让我深刻的感受到一名共产党员应该有的使命感和奉献精神。这种精神，也为我以后的工作指引了方向，更为新一代年轻人树立了典范。
有人说，决定人一生的三种境界是高度、宽度和长度，高度代表信念与职守，宽度代表视野与胸怀，长度代表生命与时间，李林森部长用他信守的高度和广阔的宽度谱写了他虽然短暂却名垂青史的生命长度。
李林森（1969.09—2011.07），男，1969年9月生，汉族，四川宣汉县人，大学文化，1991年9月参加工作，1994年10月入党，曾任万源市委常委、组织部长。2011年7月31日，因病去世，享年42岁。年轻的生命就在一瞬间猝然而逝，逐渐消失的生命气息让那个每一个万源市老百姓姗姗落泪。所有人都不知道，在他年轻的生命背后蕴藏着多少艰辛和责任。李林森部长早在2009年7月已经被确诊为肝癌晚期，但他隐瞒病情忘我工作了近两年时间。病痛的折磨丝毫不能泯灭他工作的热情，相反，他忘我的工作让大家根本无法将他和可怕的癌症联系在一起。看到被洪水冲垮的房屋，
看着受灾群众无助的眼神。李部长再也不能躺在病床上，他只能和死神搏斗来换取一分一秒的工作时间。
他把群众当命。一个布包，一个纸箱。一来一去，来的时候简单，去的时候仍旧不复杂，他工作的中心、活动的轴心，几乎都围绕着三个字“老百姓”。李林森同志的为官之道是：干部是人民的公仆，公仆就是为人民服务的。位置可能不同，岗位可能不同，分工也可能不同，但有一点是相同的，那就是全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨。你把群众当亲人，群众才会把你当亲人；你把群众放在心上，群众会把你顶在头上。
同时，他是一个实干家，是一个勇于探索的创造者，他总是把实现崇高的理想落实到本职岗位上，说到做到，表里如一。对于群众的要求，只要能办到的，他一定会遵守诺言他坚持理想与现实相一致，决心为人们服务而奋斗终身，干一行，爱一行，钻一行；他注意理论联系实际，对自己政治上要求严格，自觉经受思想锻炼。他人生观最光彩夺目的是，他正确地解决了“为谁活着，怎样做人”的问题。他把“生为人民生，死为人民死”作为自己的信条。在这样的人生观指导下，他始终保持着昂扬的精神状态和勇往直前的干劲，在自己的岗位上做好每一件平凡的事，从而铸就我们党不平凡的事业。用生命践行了为共产主义事业毕生奉献的誓言。
他把事业当命。李林森同志一生对党忠诚、信念坚定。
他身患肝癌、肺癌近两年来,强忍癌症晚期及多次高难度手术的痛苦折磨,忘我地一心扑在工作上,直至生命垂危被送进医院,仍然把病房当办公室,夜以继日为党的事业和山老百姓脱贫呕心沥血。他以他的公道正派、无私奉献，以超凡的实干精神，奏响了一曲新时期令人振聋发聩的组工干部的生命交响曲。他对党、对事业的无限忠诚；他始终保持昂扬奋进、主动作为的精神状态；他创先进、争优秀的辉煌业绩，最后汇成老百姓口中的一句话“这样的领导，我们爱”。
众的眼睛是雪亮的，谁为他们做过好事，他们就记得谁，人人心里都有一杆秤。也就因为这样，李部长虽然离开了我们，但人民群众却永远也忘记不了他，他的每一句话，每一个举动，都会被老百姓代代相传。因为李部长的身体，已经和他所热爱事业，热爱的百姓紧紧的系在一起。这也就教育为我们，要热爱自己的事业，热爱自己的岗位，全心全意为客户服务，为企业谋发展。
在平常的工作中，不管我们做什么事情，都要有一种吃苦耐劳的精神，永远做到对党的事业，对自己的工作要脚踏实地的干。李林森同志坚定信念、牢记宗旨的崇高境界、任劳任怨的优良作风；知难而进、勇于创新的奋斗精神；心系群众、倾力为民的崇高品质，将深深刻印在我们心中，并成为我为此生理想奋斗的风向标，成为我时时刻刻应该奉行的人生准则。而他所产生的精神力量将转化成为我们实实在在
的行动。我们会以他为榜样。同时对照身边的同事，认真检查自己的不足，取他人之长，补自己之短。在今后的日子里努力扎实工作，严格要求自己，使自己不断向前迈进。
身为一名银行的工作人员，我们更应该深刻理解李林森同志为民服务的态度。李林森牢记宗旨、心系群众，始终把基层装在心中，把群众放在心上，为群众办实事办好事。所以，在本职岗位上，我们应该把客户的需要放在第一位，微笑服务，给客户宾至如归的感觉。客户的需要，就是我们的必要，客户的满意，就是我们的满足。在银行这个特殊的行业中，要学习李林森淡泊名利、不求虚荣的态度，要自省、自重、自警、自励，常怀律己之心，常除非分之想，常省自身之过，不为名所缚，不为物所累，不为誉所喜，不为悲所悲，不为利所驱，不为色所诱，清清白白做人，干干净净做事。
李林森同志是每一个共产党员学习的典范，是每一个青年应该尊敬和爱戴的人民公仆。我们应该把他的精神体现到实际的工作中，为客户服务，为集体争光。
第16篇：说明文
阅读
（二）说明文
一． 说明文：
二． 说明文的类别：
三． 说明顺序：
四． 说明文的结构形式：
五． 说明文的方法:
1.：用（）的语言对事物的（）或（）作确切的说明。
2.：通过（）对事物的（）加以说明，从而使说明（）
3.：把____和____加以（），（）事物特征。
4.：将____比作____，从而（）说明事物的特征和事理。
5.：对事物的特征和事理分门别类加以说明，使说明（）
6.：用具体的（）对事物的特征和事理加以说明，使说明更有说服力。
7．：引用说明在（），还起到（）的作用。
8．
例1：《北极燕鸥》①在南极，给人印象最深的动物自然是企鹅。而在北极，令人肃然起敬的却并非北极熊，而是北极燕鸥。企鹅虽然待人亲切，憨态可掬，但看上去却有点傻气;而北极燕鸥虽然小巧玲珑，但却矫健有力，往往能给人以激情。②北极燕鸥可以说是鸟中之王，它们在北极繁殖，但却要到南极去越冬，每年在两极之间往返一次，行程数万公里。人类虽然为万物之灵，已经造出了非常现代化的飞机，但要在两极之间往返一次，也决非一件容易的事。因此，燕鸥那种不怕艰险而追踪光明的精神和勇气特别值得人类学习。因为，它们总是在两极的夏天中度日，而两极夏天的太阳是不落的，所以，它们是地球上唯一一种永远生活在光明中的生物。不仅如此，它们还有非常顽强的生命力。1970年，有人提到了一只腿上套环的燕鸥，结果发现，那个环是1936年套上去的。也就是说，这只北极燕鸥至少已经活了34年。由此算来，它在一生当中至少要飞行150多万公里。③北极燕鸥不仅有非凡的飞行能力，而且争强好斗，勇猛无比。虽然它们内部邻里之间经常争吵不休，大打出手，但一遇外敌入侵，则立刻抛却前嫌，一致对外。实际上，它们经常聚成成千上万只的大群，就是为了集体防御。貂和狐狸之类非常喜欢偷吃北极燕鸥的蛋和幼子，但在如此强大的阵营面前，也往往畏缩不前，望而却步，三思而后行。④不仅这些小动物，就连最为强大的北极熊也怕它们三分。有人曾经看到过这样一个惊心动魄的场面：在一个小岛上，一头饥饿的北极熊正在试图悄悄地逼近一群北极燕鸥的聚居地。然而，它那高大的身躯过早地暴露了自己。这时，争吵中的燕鸥突然安静了下来，然后高高飞起，轮番攻击，频频向北极熊俯冲，用其坚硬的喙雨点般地向熊头啄去。北极熊虽然凶猛，却回击乏术，只有招架之功，并无还手之力，只好摇晃着脑袋，踮着屁股，鼠窜而去。⑤燕鸥也是一种体态优美的鸟类，其长喙和双脚都是鲜红的颜色，就像是用红玉雕刻出来的。头顶是黑色的，像是戴着一项呢绒帽子。身体上面的羽毛是灰白色的，若从上面看下去，和大海的颜色融为一体。而身体下面的羽毛都是黑色的，海里的鱼若从下面望上去，很难发现它们的踪迹。再加上尖尖的翅膀，长长的尾翼，集中体现了大自然的巧妙雕琢和完美构思。可以说，北极燕鸥，真是北极的神物!
1、北极燕鸥有哪些特点?
2、第②段文字使用了哪些说明方法?其作用是什么?
4、自然万物，往往带给人以生活的启迪。阅读了这篇文章，你从北极燕鸥身上感受到哪些值得人类崇敬的品质?
第17篇：说明文
航天服探秘(说明文材料)
①2008年9月27日，翟志刚身着“飞天”舱外航天服在太空迈出第一步，不仅实现了中国人的首次出舱，也让中国成为了世界上第三个掌握舱外航天服关键技术的国家。据介绍，“飞天”舱外航天服的面料采用高级混合纤维制造而成，经权威机构检测，该面料具有高强度、耐高温、抗撞击、防辐射等特性，可满足航天员出舱要求。
②航天员所穿的航天服按照功能可分为舱内航天服和舱外航天服。舱内航天服也称应急航天服，当载人航天器座舱发生泄漏，压力突然降低时，航天员及时穿上它，接通舱内与之配套的供氧、供气系统，服装内就会立即充压供气，并能提供一定的温度保障和通信功能。舱外航天服是保证航天员安全、有效完成出舱活动的重要物品。其基本功能是保护航天员不受宇宙空间恶劣环境的影响，并为航天员个体提供赖以生存的微环境。
③随着载人航天科学技术的发展，航天员出舱活动越来越频繁，出舱活动的时间也越来越长，这就对舱外航天服的设计提出了更高的要求。舱内航天服只保证压力，但舱外航天服什么都要管，因为飞船里的大多数功能，都要在舱外航天服里实现。可以说，舱外航天服就是一个“穿在身上的飞船”。
④舱外航天服是世界上技术最先进的服装，用于保证航天员出舱的生命安全，它应具备舱内航天服所不具备的防辐射、防紫外线、抗骤冷骤热变化等功能。以“飞天”舱外航天服为例，它能使宇航员免受太空微流星体撞伤，过滤一定程度的辐射，并能保证在零下100多度的温度下不结雾，在零上80多度的高温下紫外线不会把航天员灼伤。
第18篇：说明文
中国石拱桥
① 赵州桥非常雄伟，全长50.82米，两端宽9.6米，中部略窄，宽9米。桥的设计完全合乎科学原理，施工技术更是巧妙绝伦。唐朝的张嘉贞说它“制造奇特，人不知其所以为”。这座桥的特点是：
（一）全桥只有一个大拱，长达37.4米，在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱。桥洞不是普通半圆形，而是像一张弓，因而大拱上面的道路没有陡坡，便于车马上下。
（二）大拱的两肩上，各有两个小拱。这是创造性的设计，不但节约了石料，减轻了桥身的重量，而且在河水暴涨的时候，还可以增加桥洞的过水量，减轻洪水对桥身的冲击。同时，拱上加拱，桥身也更美观。
（三）大拱由28道拱圈拼成，就像这么多同样形状的弓合龙在一起，做成了一个弧形的桥洞。每道拱圈都能独立支撑上面的重量，一道坏了，其他各道不致受到影响。
（四）全桥结构匀称，和四周景色配合得十分和谐；桥上的石栏石板也雕刻得古朴美观。唐朝的张鷟说，远望这座桥就像“初月出云，长虹引涧”。赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值，充分显示出了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。桥的主要设计者李春就是一位杰出的工匠，在桥头的碑文里刻着他的名字。 ② 永定河上的卢沟桥，修建于公元1189到1192年间。桥长265米，由11个半圆形的石拱组成，每个石拱长度不一，自16米到21.6米。桥宽约8米，路面平坦，几乎与河面平行。每两个石拱之间有石砌桥墩，把11个石拱联成一个整体。由于各拱相联，所以这种桥叫做联拱石桥。永定河发水时，来势很猛，以前两岸河堤常被冲毁，但是这座桥却极少出事，足见它的坚固。桥面用石板铺砌，两旁有石拦石柱。每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。这些石刻狮子，有的母子相抱，有的交头接耳，有的像倾听水声，有的像注视行人，千态万状惟妙惟肖。
1、从整体结构看，赵州桥和卢沟桥的主要区别是什么？作者分别从什么方面侧重介绍这两座桥的？
2、指出下列句子的说明方法？
（1） 桥洞不是普通半圆形，而是像一张弓，因而大拱上面的道路没有陡坡，便于车马上下。
（2） 永定河发水时，来势很猛，以前两岸河堤常被冲毁，但是这座桥却极少出事，足见它的坚固。
（3） 桥长265米，由11个半圆形的石拱组成，每个石拱长度不一，自16米到21.6米。
（4） 《水经注》里提到的“旅人桥”，大约建成于公元282年，可能是有记载的最早的石拱桥了。
（5） 这些石刻狮子，有的母子相抱，有的交头接耳，有的像倾听水声，有的像注视行人，千态万状惟妙惟肖。
（6） 唐朝的张嘉贞说它“制造奇特，人不知其所以为”。
3、下列加点的词语能否删去？为什么？
（1） 全桥只有一个大拱，长达37.4米，在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱。 （2） 桥宽约8米，路面平坦，几乎与河面平行。
4、第一段中，作者为什么不在介绍完赵州桥的第一个特点后，紧接着介绍它的第三个特点，而是中间插入对小拱的介绍？
5、第二段采用了什么说明顺序？
6、文中说石拱桥“不但形式优美，而且结构坚固”，请解释为什么先说外观，再说功能的原因？
7、“首先”“其次”“再其次”三个原因的顺序能否互换？为什么？
7、全文按照怎样的顺序介绍赵州桥和卢沟桥的？
8、第一段使用了哪些说明方法？
苏州园林
① 设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。为了达到这个目的，他们讲究亭台轩榭的布局，讲究假山池沼的配合，讲究花草树木的映衬，讲究近景远景的层次。总之，一切都要为构成完美的图画而存在，决不容许有欠美伤美的败笔。他们惟愿游览者得到“如在画图中”的美感，而他们的成绩实现了他们的愿望，游览者来到园里，没有一个不心里想着口头说着“如在画图中”的。 ②我国的建筑，从古代的宫殿到近代的一般住房，绝大部分是对称的，左边怎么样，右边也怎么样。苏州园林可绝不讲究对称，好像故意避免似的。东边有了一个亭子或者一道回廊，西边决不会来一个同样的亭子或者一道同样的回廊。这是为什么?我想，用图画来比方，对称的建筑是图案画，不是美术画，而园林是美术画，美术画要求自然之趣，是不讲究对称的。
③ 苏州园林里都有假山和池沼。假山的堆叠，可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术。或者是重峦叠嶂，或者是几座小山配合着竹子花木，全在乎设计者和匠师们生平多阅历，胸中有邱壑，才能使游览者攀登的时候忘却苏州城市，只觉得身在山间。至于池沼，大多引用活水。有些园林池沼宽敞，就把池沼作为全园的中心，其他景物配合着布置。水面假如成河道模样，往往安排桥梁。假如安排两座以上的桥梁，那就一座一个样，决不雷同。池沼或河道的边沿很少砌齐整的石岸，总是高低屈曲任其自然。还在那儿布置几块玲珑的石头，或者种些花草：这也是为了取得从各个角度看都成一幅画的效果。池沼里养着金鱼或各色鲤鱼，夏秋季节荷花或睡莲开放，游览者看“鱼戏莲叶间”，又是入画的一景。
④ 苏州园林栽种和修剪树木也着眼在画意。高树与低树俯仰生姿。落叶树与常绿树相间，花时不同的多种花树相间，这就一年四季不感到寂寞。没有修剪得像宝塔那样的松柏，没有阅兵式似的道旁树：因为依据中国画的审美观点看，这是不足取的。有几个园里有古老的藤萝，盘曲嶙峋的枝干就是一幅好画。开花的时候满眼的珠光宝气，使游览者感到无限的繁华和欢悦，可是没法说出来。
1、假山和池沼的主要特点分别是什么？（请用原文回答）
2、为什么说“假山的堆叠，可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术”？
3、第三段主要的说明方法？结合实例说明。
4、“水面假如成河道模样，往往安排桥梁”中的“往往”能否删去？为什么？
4、第三段的段文字按什么结构说明的？说明的中心是什么?
5、第四段的中心句是什么？
6、“高树与低树俯仰生姿”“落叶树与常绿树相间，花时不同的多种花树相间，这就一年四季不感到寂寞”分别从哪两个方面说明苏州园林栽种树木着眼于画意？
7、“没有修剪得像宝塔那样的松柏，没有阅兵式似的道旁树”的言外之意是什么？
9、第四段以说明为主，也穿插了描写和议论，请试着找出相关的文字？
10、简要说明第一段在文中的作用？
11、第二段除了使用举例子和打比方，还使用了哪种说明方法？
12、设计者和匠师们讲究假山堆叠的艺术性、追求池沼布局的自然之趣，这样做的目的是什么？（请用原文回答）
13、苏州园林栽种和修剪树木的画意体现在哪些方面？请用自己的话简要概括。
14、指出下列句子使用的说明方法？
（1） 用图画来比方，对称的建筑是图案画，不是美术画。
（2） 有几个园林还在适当的位置装上一面大镜子，层次就更多了，几乎可以说把整个园林翻了一番。
（3） 阶砌旁边栽几丛书带草。墙上蔓延着爬山虎或者蔷薇木香。 （4） 苏州园林与北京的园林不同，极少使用彩绘。
15、文章结尾处“可以说的当然不止以上这些”，有怎样的表达效果？
16、揣摩下列句子中加点字的含义？
（1）倘若要我说说总的印象，我觉得苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本。
（3） 对称的建筑是图案画，不是美术画，而园林是美术画。
（4） 假山的堆叠，可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术。
（5） 廊子大多是两边无所依傍的，实际是隔而不隔，界而未界，因而更增加了景致的深度。
第19篇：说明文
初二三班
罗浩天
我最喜欢的金丝猴
在中国滇藏交界处的雪山峻岭之颠的高寒森林中，生活着一种罕为人知的珍稀灵长类动物，它就是中国特有的世界物种——滇金丝猴。
滇金丝猴具有一张最像人的脸，面宠白里透红，再配上它那令当代妇女痴迷的美丽红唇，堪称世间最美的动物之一。此外，它是地球上最大的猴子，体重可达三十来公斤。虽名为“金丝猴”，实际它并无金黄色的毛。身体较川金丝猴稍大，体长740～830mm，尾相对较短，略等于体长，约510～720mm，但比较粗大。身体背面、侧面、四肢外侧、手、足和尾均为灰黑色，在背面具有灰白色的稀疏长毛，颈侧、腹面、臀部及四肢内侧均为白色。
在动物系统分类上，它隶属于灵长目、猴科、金丝猴属。该属是现生灵长类中极为引人注目的一个类群。它在系统发育上处于旧大陆猴与猿之间的特殊分类地位。故金丝猴研究对于人们认识和了解人类自身的进化历程有着特别重要的意义，因而具有极高的学术研究价值。
据中科院昆明动物所调查报道，滇金丝猴仅分布于澜沧江与金沙江之间云岭山脉主峰两侧的高山深谷地带，面积约20,000k㎡，向北延伸达西藏境内的宁静山脉，包括云南德钦县、维西县、丽江、剑川县、兰坪、云龙县等县，以及西藏芒康县境内。
滇金丝猴的生态行为极为特殊，是世界上除人类以外栖息海拔最高的灵长类动物，长年生活在人迹罕至的高山地带，是生命力最顽强的灵长类动物。滇金丝猴的活动范围在海拔2500～5000m之间，活动量大，活动范围广，猴群活动范围达上百平方公里。滇金丝猴的猴群不大，多为20～60只，尚未发现有150只以上的大群。为多雄多雌的混合群体，有社群等级行为。它们终年生活在冰川雪地附近的寒温性针叶林中，初春季节偶至针阔叶混交林中觅食。滇金丝猴的食物与其它的灵长类动物有很大的差别，以云杉、冷杉树的附生植物松萝、苔藓、地衣和蔷薇科、槭树科等阔叶树的嫩叶、花、果为食，随着季节不同采食的植物种类也有一定变化。不过，哪怕是在冰天雪地的冬天，它们也不下到较低海拔地带以逃避极度寒冷和食物短缺等恶劣自然环境因素，对农作物也总是“秋毫无犯”，这也是它们长期以来能够与人类和谐相处，被当地少数民族奉为“神灵”的缘故。
保护滇金丝猴，刻不容缓。可喜的是，近年来，有关部门组织一个了包括专家和高层管理人员的工作班子，制定出跨世纪滇金丝猴保护战略行动计划，加强了相关保护区和基层林业管理部门对野生动物的管理能力建设，并从财力上和管理机制上予以保证和落实，并建立和扩大了现有相关保护区的面积，使所有滇金丝猴群的现有栖息地和重要扩散地及生态走廊带均能得到了有效的保护和管理。
世界是动物的世界。我们要保护动物，让动物得以永存。
第20篇：说明文
大白鲨
全世界各地的海洋中生活着大约
350种鲨鱼，它己在我们这个星球上生存了3亿多年。在所有的鲨鱼中，大白鲨个儿最大、最凶猛、最为矫健有力，没有任何海洋动物敢与大白鲨为敌。
生物学家认为，大白鲨可以长到7.61米长，寿命达20年。刚生下来的大白鲨幼鱼约1.06米，出生的当天就会自己捕食。雌大白鲨成年时长4.84米，体重达1360-2721千克。渔民因渔网被凶悍的大白鲨撞破扯烂而一无所获的事经常会发生。
大白鲨是典型的肉食动物。幼小的大白鲨捕食鱼类，身体长到2.74米—3.65米时，并开始捕食海洋中比鱼类个子大的海豹、海狮之类的哺乳动物。捕食时，大白鲨往往先在猎物四周慢吞吞地游来游去兜圈子，然后悄然沉下海底，将身子隐蔽在礁石之间。找准时机，猛然闪电般向上直扑猎物的腹部或尾部，刀锋似的利齿将猎物咬成几块，三口两口就把猎物吞进了肚里。
大白鲨的表皮覆盖着一排排叫做真皮齿的尖利鳞片，每个鳞片犹如一粒细小的利牙，鱼皮表面像砂纸那般粗硬。高速游动的大白鲨如果擦碰到人体，人的肌肤会被割划得皮开肉绽。
大白鲨的体温比周围水温高6℃。据科学测算，肌肉温度每提高5℃，肌肉的收缩力便增加2倍。这是大白鲨反应神速、肌肉爆发力强大的主要原因。
大白鲨的鼻孔上边有一系列感觉小孔，这些小孔能灵敏地探测到猎物发出的微弱电磁场，因此大白鲨能百发百中捕获猎物。通过鼻上小孔，大白鲨还能依据地球电磁场，在漆黑一片的海底游动时丝 毫不差地把准方向。大白鲨游动时，将上下颚收缩在鼻子下边，使头部成流线型，以减少水的阻力。
大白鲨是海洋生物链中必不可少的一环，它起着控制海洋中某些哺乳动物数量的作用，吃掉其中的老弱病残者，促进生存竞争。另外，大白鲨还吞食海洋中的动物尸体，清洁海洋。可惜的是，体态优美的大白鲨由于受到误解，被人类大量捕杀，数量急剧减少，现在已被世界动物保护组织列入了濒危动物名单。
月球
月球，大家都很熟悉，因为每天晚上大家都可以看到它。
有关月球的传说有很多很多，其中最著名的要数“嫦娥奔月”了！当然，这只是人们编出来的神话传说，不可能是真的。因为月球离我们地球有400000公里，可远的很呢！
月球的年龄，大约是46亿年，它与地球形影相随，关系密切。月球也有壳、幔、核等分层结构。最外层的月壳平均厚度约为60～65公里。月壳下面到1000公里深度是月幔，它占了月球的大部分体积。月幔下面是月核，月核的温度约为1000度，很可能是熔融状态的。月球直径约3476公里，是地球的3/11。体积只有地球的1/49，质量约7350亿亿吨，相当于地球质量的1/81，月面的重力差不多相当于地球重力的1/6。
月球是我们地球在太空中最近的邻居它绕着地球转，永远以同一面朝着我们。月球是个不能住人的地方，它没有大气层，不能像地球那样保持一定的温度；它的温度变化很大，从白天的115度到晚上的负160度。月球上没有水，所以没有任何动植物可以在上面生存。
白天没了太阳，那么大地都没有是生机。晚上没了月亮，就没有了美丽的 夜空。一句话说，太阳和月亮，二者缺一不可！
