名词性从句
一：名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词 词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句：作主语的从句叫主语从句，它一般放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在主句后面。Who will win the match is still unknown.
It is still unknown who will win the match.
Whether she will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided..
宾语从句：作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，它位于及物动词或介词后面。也可用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后移。He don’t know what he wants.下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语： ① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；
e.g.They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g.I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. ③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； e.g.You may depend on it that we shall always help you.Would you see to it that she gets home early?
He insisted on it that he was innocent. ④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。 We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
表语从句：作表语的从句叫表语从句，它位于系动词之后。
同位语从句：作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，前面名词是抽象名词：advice,news,fact,truth,word等。Word came that he won the match.通过分析下列从句所在的位置，判断下列句子分别是什么从句，并试着翻译。 1.What he did satisfied everybody.
2.Whether she will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.
3.I want to know what he has told you.
4.Could you show me how I can reach the station. 5.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
6.The question is when he will come.
7.He looks as if he is very angry.
8.That’s what he wants.
9.The news that we won the game is exciting.
10.The doctor gave him a suggestion that he (should) give up smoking.
11.I have no idea where he has gone.二：引导词：用上面例句练习引导词的用法。 连接词 that(无实意，在从句中不作成份，只起引导作用) whether/if(是否) as if/as though, because(只引导表语从句) 连接代词
what（什么；……的……, 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语）I don’t know what foreign language we’ll learn at college. Which (哪一个，在名词性从句中作主宾表定) who(谁，主宾表) Whose(谁的，定语) Whom(谁，宾语) Whatever=anything that (无论什么) Whichever(无论哪一个) Whoever=anyonewho(无论谁)。 连接副词 when(什么时候，何时) where(什么地方，何地) why(为什么) how(如何，怎样) 三：注意：1.在名词性从句中，疑问语序变成陈述语序（主语+谓语）。 ①When he will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.
②I don’t know where he comes from.③The question is what he wants.
④I have no idea when he will be back.2.Whether和if引导名词性从句的时候都是“是否”的意思，但下列情况只能用whether.1.引导主语从句并放在句首时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting qustion.It is an interesting question whether/if there is life on the moon.2.从句在介词后面时。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3.引导表语从句时。The question is whether he will like the gift.4.引导同位语从句时。I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.5.从句后有“or not”时。It remains to be seen whether or not he will succeed.6.后接动词不定式时。He doesn’t know whether to trust her words.3.名词性从句中的省略
在由连接词that引导的宾语从句中，可以把that省略。但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He says (that) he often runs in the morning and that he always runs as fast as poible.4.表建议、命令、要求的词后的从句的谓语动词常用（should）+动词原形。Suggest、advise、command、order、demand、require、request等。 The general ordered that troops (should) set off at once.The doctor gave him a suggestion that he (should) give up smoking.The suggestion is that he (should) give up smoking.It is suggested that he (should) give up smoking.5.What的用法
什么;
……的……
1.What make the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
2.The city is not what it used to be.
3.She is not what she was 5 years ago.
4.This is what we should do (all that)
5.What he wants is a book.
6.I don’t know what foreign language we will learn at college.6.Who与whoever引导名词性从句的辨析：Who broke the window is unknown.Whoever(Anyone who) breaks the law will be punished.
Whoever told you about it was lying.What与whatever 后者比前者语气强What she did was right.
Whatever she did was right.7.Whoever /whatever/whichever即可引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时可以与no matter+疑问词互换。分析下列句子是名词性从句还是让步状语从句。 Do it whatever other say.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Whatever he did was right.
Whatever happens, we shall not lose heart.
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
He would believe whatever I said.
Whatever the weather is like, we’ll go camping.
However busy he was, he studied English every day.四：1.主语从句中的主谓一致
When and where I will go hasn’t been decided.
When I will leave and where I will go haven’t been decided.2.宾语从句中的时态呼应
当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的情况而使用不同时态。
I know( that) he studies English every day. I know (that )he studied English last term.I know (that) he will study Enlishi next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America two weeks before.He said that light travels much faster than sound.4.做形容词后的定语从句，形容词后的介词要去掉
I’m afraid (that) I’v made a mistake.He is pleased with his great achievement.
He is pleased that he has achieved so much 5.当主句的主语是第一人称，并且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine,suppose等动词，这时要进行否定转移（把对从句谓语动词的否定转移到主句谓语动词上）。 We don’t think you are here.
I don’t believe he will do so.6.That引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that在定语从句中作成分（主宾表）；that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起引导作用。 We heard the news that he won the game.We heard the news that he had told her.1．____he does has nothing to do with me. A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A.did the quarrel came about
B .the quarrel had come about
C.had the quarrel come about
D.had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is ____makes thing work.
A.what B.something C.anything
D.that 4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A.while B.that C.when D.as 5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there B.in which C.where
D.when 6. They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go
C.which place has he gone
D.where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A.
that
B. which
C.of which
D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
A.that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. ___is no poibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A.There; that
B.It; that
C.there; whether D.It; whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A.that
B.which
C.whether
D.if
11.Is _____he said really true?
A.that B. what C.why
D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A.That B.Whether C.If
D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A.while
B.if
C.that D.for 14._____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A.Whether
B.This
C.who
D.If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A.What B.That
C.Whether
D.If
16.____you don’t like him is none of my busine.
A.What B.That
C.Who
D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
A.What; what B.That; that
C.what; that D.That ; what
18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What B.It C.All that D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer. A.believed B.think C.say D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A.What B.That C.How D.Where 21.____has paed the test will get a prize .A.Whoever B.No mater who C.Whomever D.Who
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