Unit 21 A.单词识记
subtle: 【adj.】微妙的；敏感的；狡猾的；巧妙的 形近词 subsequent bound:【v.】 跳；弹回；给„„划界，限 制
【n.】 跳；跳跃；跃进；边界；限制
【adj.】 被捆绑的；被束缚的；一定的；必定的 形近词
rebound, boundary, abound rebound n.弹回；反弹
v.产生反作用；未能奏效 boundary n.分界线，界线；范围 abound v.大量存在；充满，富于 词组
be bound to： 必定，一定
be bound up with： 与„„有密切联系 bother: 【v.】 使焦急；烦扰；打扰；操心；费力；麻烦
【n.】 努力；尽力；费心 词组
bother to do： 操心做„„ rent 【v.】 租，租赁
【n.】 租金
形近词
coherent adj.一致的；连贯的；清楚明白的；有条理的 organize 【v.】 组织；安排；准备；规划 形近词 disorganized adj.组织混乱的；缺乏条理 的 同义词 mobilize v.调动， 动用(资源) ；动员；召集；动员起来 arrange v.安排；排列；商定 perpetual 【adj.】 不间断的；长久的；无尽无休的 同义词 appetizer n.开胃品 deert n.餐后甜食 harm 【n.】 伤害；损害，危害
【v.】 伤害；损害，危害 形近词
harmful, harmonious, harsh, pharmaceutical 形近词 harmful adj.有害的 harmonious adj.协调的；和谐的； harsh adj.粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的；残酷的 pharmaceutical adj.制药的；药(物)的 同义词 hurt v.损害；使受伤；使伤心 n.伤害；痛苦 damage v.损害；毁坏 n.损害；损毁 electronic: 【adj.】电子的 形近词
electronics n.电子业；电子学 electronically adv.电子地 rare 【adj.】稀有的；难得的；珍奇的；稀薄的；稀疏的 形近词 rarely adv.很少地；难得地； 近义词 uncommon adj.不寻常的；罕见的 exceptional adj.例外的；独特的 treat 【v.】对待；看待；处理；治疗；论述；款待；请客 形近词 retreat v.撤退；退避，退却；放弃 n.后退；撤退；静养所 undertreatment n.处理不足；治疗不够 同义词 deal v.处理；惩处 handle v.应付；处理 vanish 【v.】 消失；消亡 形近词 diminish v.( 使 ) 减小；( 使 ) 减弱；( 使 ) 降低；贬低；轻视； disappear v.消失；不见 divide【v.】 分，划分；分开；分配；除；意见分歧；分裂
【n.】 分歧，不和；分水岭 形近词 dividend n.被除数；股息，红利；附赠品；发给参加保险投保人的盈余比例份额
divided adj.分离的；分裂的；有分歧的 同义词 separate v.分离；分开 adj.分开的；单独的；独立的 split v.( 使 ) ( 团体 ) 意见不合；( 使 )分裂；使裂开 mere 【adj.】 仅仅；只不过；纯粹的 形近词 merely adv.纯粹地；仅仅；只不过 近义词 sheer adj.纯粹的；完全的；全然的 simple adj.简单的；单纯的 invest 【v.】 投资
【n.】 投资额 形近词
investor n.投资人
investment n.投资：投资额 investigation n.调查；研究
manufacture【v.】 制造；加工；虚构；捏造
【n.】 制造；制造品；产品 形近词
manufacturing n.制造业；工业 manufacturer n.制造商；生产商
prompt 【adj.】 敏捷的；迅速的，即刻的
【v.】 激起；促使；推动 形近词
provoke v.挑衅；激怒；激起；引起 prompting n.激 励；提示；剌激近义词
spur v.鼓励；激励；促进；加速；推动
n.马刺；刺靴；刺激；激励；推动力 table 【n.】 桌子；台子；目录；表格 形近词
comfortable, charitable, acceptable, disputable, profitable, stable,unacceptable, suitable, regrettable, respectable 形近词
comfortable adj.舒适的；令人放松的；愉快放松的
charitable adj.慈悲为怀的；慈善的；仁慈的；施舍慷慨的
acceptable adj.可以接受的；令人满意的；值得接受的；可忍受的 disputable adj.有讨论余地的；真假可疑的 profitable adj.有利润的；赚钱的；有利益的 stable n.马；马棚；一群赛马；畜舍；一群人
adj.稳定的；牢固的；可靠的；稳重的；可信赖的；平稳的；坚
定的
v.把„„拴入马厩；住于马厩中 unacceptable adj.无法接受的；不受欢迎的 suitable adj.适当的；适宜的；合适的 regrettable adj.令人遗憾的；抱歉的；可惜的 respectable adj.值得尊重的；体面的；人格高尚的；令人满意的 weigh 【v.】 称„„重量；称；重达；考虑；权衡 形近词
weight n.重量；重担；体重
v.加重量于；使加权；压迫
outweigh v.( 在重要性、意义等上 ) 重于；大于；超过；胜过 boom 【n.】 繁荣；迅速增长
【v.】 迅速发展；兴旺；发出隆隆声 词组
baby boom： 生育高峰
entitle 【v.】 给„„以权利 ( 或资格 )；给„„以称号；给„„提名 形近词
title n.题目；标题；称号；头衔；权益；权利；冠军；职务；名称 entitlement n.权利；授权；有资格；有权得到的东西 subtitle n.小标题；副标题；( 电影的 ) 字幕 词组
be entitled to： 有权；有资格近义词
nominate v.提名„„为候选人；任命；挑选；指定 denominate v.给„„命名；称呼„„为
institute 【n.】 学会；研究所；学院；协会 形近词
institution n.机构；体系；制度
institutional adj.机构的；体系的；制度的 restrict: 【v.】限制；约束 形近词
restriction n.限制； Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.词组 investment [n]投资；投资额 restrain sb.from doing sth.：限制某人做某事 2007 年阅读 Text 3 refrain from doing sth.： 抑制 /克制不做某事 President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account 同义词 model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for constrain v.约束；限制；强迫 payments depending on investment returns.curb v.控制；抑制；限定；约束 manufacture [vt] 虚构；捏造 prohibit v.禁止 2006 年翻译 forbid v.禁止；阻止 Like other human beings, he encounters moral iues even in everyday partial 【adj.】 部分的；局部的；不完全的；不公平的；偏袒的 performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his conclusion 【n.】 结论；推论；结束；终结 形近词 conclusive, inconclusive, conclude, concluding, exclude，conclusion 形近词 conclusive adj.令人信服的；确凿的 inconclusive adj.非决定性的；无结果的 conclude v.总结；结束；得出结论；断定；决定 concluding adj.结束的 exclude v.将„„排除在外；不包括；拒绝；阻止；对„„不予考虑 词组 in conclusion： 最后；总之；综上 decorate: 【v.】 授予 ( 某人 ) 勋章；装饰；装点；点缀；布置 同义词 ornament n.装饰图案；装饰物 v.装饰；美化 discard 【v.】 丢弃；抛弃；放弃
【n.】 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人
词组 get rid of： 除掉；去掉 cast off： 脱下；解开 同义词 desert v.丢开；抛弃 abandon v.放弃；抛弃 Unit 21 C.单词应用 bound [adj] 被捆绑的；被束缚的 2012 年完型 Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code.bother [v] 操心；费力 2009 年阅读 Text 1 But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits.rent [n] 租金 2008 年阅读 Text 1 “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” perpetual [adj]不间断的；无尽无休的 2006 年阅读 Text 4 But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the maacre of innocents.harm [v] 伤害 2003 年阅读 Text 2 Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.rare [adj] 稀有的 2008 年完型 He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution.treat [v] 对待；看待 2014 年阅读 Text 4 Today, profeors routinely treat the progreive interpretation of history and progreive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or claical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.vanish [v] 消失 2013 年翻译 When we are deprived of green, of plants,of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expreion vanish as if by magic.merely [adv]仅仅；只不过 2011 年阅读 Text 1 experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.acceptable [adj]可以接受的 2011 年阅读 Text 2 Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.profitable [adj] 有利润的；赚钱的；有利益的 2010 年阅读新题型 But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.suitable [adj]适当的；适宜的 2010 年阅读 Text 1 To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.considering [prep]考虑到；就„而论 2011年阅读Text 4 No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.be entitled to [v]有权；有资格 2010 年翻译 Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. partial [adj]部分的；局部的 2012 年阅读 Text 2 A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergy’smanagement especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.decorate [v] 装饰；布置 2006 年阅读 Text 2 Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Unit 22 A.单词识记 discourage: 【v.】阻止；使泄气；使失去信心 形近词 courage n.勇气，胆量 courageous adj.勇敢的；无畏的 encourage devil: 【n.】 (犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教中的)魔王， 撒旦； (用于强调)家伙， 人；淘气鬼；冒失鬼 elderly:【adj.】上了年纪的 bulk: 【n.】( 大 ) 体积；( 大 ) 量；庞大的身躯；巨大的体重；主体；大部分 形近词 bulb n.电灯泡；球茎；鳞茎 bypa: 【v.】 ( 通常为更快地实现某事 ) 越过；避开；绕开；( 道路 ) 绕过 calorie: 【n.】卡，卡路里 ( 热量单位 ) facilitate 【v.】促进；使便利 faint:【adj.】微弱的，暗淡的，虚弱的；不尽力的；敷衍的；半心半意的；晕眩的；虚弱无力的
【v.】晕厥；晕倒
【n.】昏厥，昏倒 fashionable: 【adj.】 流行的；时髦的；时兴的 gratitude: 【n.】 感恩之情；感谢 engineering: 【n.】 工程；工程学 alliance: 【n.】( 国家或政党的 ) 联盟；同盟 backward: 【adj.】向后的，往后的；倒退的；不进反退的 bait:【n.】 饵；诱饵
【v.】 装饵于；给 ( 鱼钩或陷阱等 ) 上诱饵 banquet: 【n.】宴会；盛宴
constitute: 【v.】被视为；可算作；构成；组成 copyright: 【n.】版权；著作权
costly: 【adj.】昂贵的；价格高的；造成严重损失的；代价大的 damn:【adj.】( 用于加强语气 ) 该死的；可恶的；十足的；完全的
【v.】谴责 ；指责( 政策、行动等 ) deputy:【n.】副职；副手；副主管；代表；议员 Unit 22 C.单词应用
Discourage [v] 阻止 2007 年阅读新题型
When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.courageous [adj.] 勇敢的；无畏的 2014 年翻译题
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music.encourage [v.] 鼓励，鼓舞 2007 年阅读新题型
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.elderly [adj] 上了年纪的 2007 年阅读 Text 3 Even demographics are working against the middle cla family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial aistance—have jumped eightfold in just one generation.bulk [n] 大部分 2006 年完型
Even when homele individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wander the street.bulb [n]电灯泡 2009 年完型
This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too terrifically bright. bypa [v] 避开；绕开 2009 年阅读 Text 1 Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypa those old roads.calorie [n] 卡路里 2008 年阅读 Text 3 Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tiues.facilitate [v] 促进 2008 年阅读 Text 2 It facilitates public investment in scientific research.faint [adj]不尽力的；敷衍的 2011 年阅读 Text 1 As a description of the next music director of an orchestrathat has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.fashionable [adj] 流行的 2007 年阅读 Text 3 Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare.gratitude [n] 感恩之情 2014 年阅读 Text 3 It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.engineering [n] 工程；工程学 2007 年阅读 Text 1 Ericon grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.alliance [n] 联盟 2013 年阅读 Text 2 In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.backward [adj] 向后的 2009 年完型
Instead of casting a wistful glance backward at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real costs of our own intelligence might be.banquet [adj] 宴会的 2011 年阅读 Text 1
Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquet Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.copyright [n] 版权 2008 年阅读 Text 2
Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.damn [adj] 该死的；可恶的 2006 年阅读 Text 4
The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happine in the world today.deputy [n] 副职；副手 2011 年阅读 Text 2
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. Unit 23 A.单词识记 幻灯片2
bin 【n.】 垃圾桶；垃圾箱；箱子；储物箱；储藏箱 形近词
bind v.使紧密联系；使关系密切；约束；限制；使负有义务 ( 或责任 ) bruise 【n.】淤伤；青肿
【v.】 碰伤；擦伤
census : 【n.】人口普查 charter 【 n.】 章程；宪章
【adj.】 ( 飞机或船只 ) 包租的；包用的；根据特许状办理 ( 或设立 ) 的
【v.】 (个人、团体)包租；租用(飞机、船只等 ) clarity 【n.】 ( 书、论点等的 ) 清楚；清晰易懂；明晰；思路清晰；
有条理 moan 【v.】呻吟；呜咽；抱怨
【n.】抱怨；低沉的声音
mock 【v.】 嘲笑；嘲弄；( 模仿 ) 取笑
【adj.】假的；仿制的；假装的 obseion 【n.】着迷；困扰 paion 【n.】激情；热情；热恋；强烈爱好；强烈的感情
【v.】[ 诗歌用语 ] 表露强烈感情；显示巨大热情 prevalent【adj.】流行的；盛行的；普遍的 hedge 【n.】 树篱
【v.】 用树篱围起；回避；躲闪；防备，防范 ( 尤指金钱损失 )
【adj.】树篱下的；树篱旁的 hypothesis 【n.】假设；假说 infant 【n.】婴儿；(5~7 岁的 ) 幼儿
【adj.】供婴儿用的
intrude 【v.】侵入；侵扰；打扰；闯入；干扰 knit 【v.】编织；针织 【n.】编织物；编织法 形近词
kit n.衣物和装备；成套用品；配套元件
v.( 为特定活动而 ) 使某人装备起来
repertoire 【n.】全部节目；全部本领；( 计算机的 ) 指令表
senate 【n.】参议院；上院；大学理事会；大学评议会 handle 【v.】处理；对待；操纵；触摸；抚养
【n.】柄，把手 词组
get rid of： 除掉；去掉；摆脱
dispose of： 解决；将 ( 某物 ) 处理掉 cope with： 对付；支应 同义词
manage v.处理；设法对付
addre v.对付；处理；设法了解并解决；向„„作正式讲话；向„„说话 monopoly 【n.】垄断；专卖；垄断企业 形近词
poeion n.占有；所有；拥有
control n.控制 ( 能力 )；支配 ( 能力 ) v.控制；掌管；管理 strive 【v.】奋斗；努力；力争；力求 形近词
stripe n.条纹；线条；臂章；种类 词组
strive for： 奋斗；争取 Unit 23 C.单词应用
bin [n] 箱子；储物箱 2013 年阅读 Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive aistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the aistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which he poor girl doubtle found her garment.bind [v]约束；限制 2012 年完型
Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code.bruise [adj]头破血流的；激烈的 2010 年阅读 Text 4 After a bruising encounter with Congre,America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes.census [n] 人口普查 2006 年阅读 Text 1 The 1990 Census revealed that a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.charter [adj]根据特许状办理 ( 或设立 ) 的 2012 年阅读 Text 4 Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles.clarity [n] 思路清晰 2014 年完型 As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. moan [v] 抱怨 2010 年阅读 Text 4 Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous loes, and it’s just not fair. mock [v] 嘲笑；嘲弄 2009 年阅读 Text 4 Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion.“Our main end was to catch fish.”
hedge [v]防备，防范 ( 尤指金钱损失 ) 2010 年阅读 Text 2 The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.hypothesis [n] 假设 2008 年完型
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.infant [n] 婴儿 2010 年完型
Many of the ships were lost in storms, many paengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.intrude [v] 侵扰 2013 年阅读 Text 4 On the overturned provisions the majority held the congre had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.knit [n] 编织物 2013 年阅读 Text 1 For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use maive amounts of harmful chemicals.senate [n] 参议院 2012 年阅读 Text 2 Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.addre [v] 设法了解并解决 2014 年阅读 Text 4 Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to addre the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.addre [v] 处理 2012 年完型
The justices must addre doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.control [v] 控制 2014 年阅读 Text 1
What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairne”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.stripe [n] 种类 2007 年阅读 Text 3 Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Unit 24 A.单词识记
adapt 【v.】( 使 ) 适应；改编；改写 形近词
adaptivene n.适应性；适应能力 readmit v.重新接纳
contempt 【n.】轻视；蔑视；鄙视 形近词
contemptible adj.可鄙的
dense 【adj.】稠密的；浓密的；密集的；( 物质 ) 密度大的 形近词
densely adj.稠密的；浓密的；密集的；( 物质 ) 密度大的 exhaust 【v.】使筋疲力尽；耗尽；抽完
【n.】排气装置；废弃
forecast 【n.】 预测；预报 mutual 【adj.】相互的；彼此的；共有的 形近词 mutually adv.互相地 词组 mutual benefit： 共同的利益
nowhere 【adv.】任何地方都不；没有任何地方 preferable 【adj.】 更可取的；更好的；更合适的 形近词
preference n.偏爱；优先 ( 权 )；偏爱的事物 ( 或人 ) reinforce 【v.】 增援；加强 形近词 enforce v.强制执行(法律、规定等 )；强行实施；强加；迫使 renew 【v.】 重新开始；更新；恢复；使 ( 受到损毁或丢失后 ) 重获
新生 sympathy 【n.】同情；同情心；赞同 词组 show sympathy for： 同情„„ in sympathy with： 同情；赞成 excel 【v.】 优于；超过
【n.】 擅长；胜过其他 形近词 exce, exceive, excellent, excellence 形近词 exce n.过多；过量；无节制；无度
adj.过量的；过多的；额外的；多余的 exceive adj.过分的； excellent adj.极好的；卓越的；杰出的 excellence n.优秀；卓越；杰出 词组 excel in/at： 在„„方面胜过；在„„方面擅长 forth 【adv.】 向前；向外 词组 set forth： 启程；出发 back-and-forth： 来回的；一来一往的 and so forth： 等等；诸如此类
frightening 【adj.】 可怕的；令人恐惧的
frustrate【v.】使灰心；使沮丧；挫败；阻挠„„的成功 词组
be frustrated by/with： 因„„沮丧；因„„受挫 grain 【n.】 谷物；谷类；颗粒；细粒；粮食
inferior 【adj.】下等的；下级的；( 质量等 ) 差的；次的
【n.】 境遇或成绩比其他人差的人 形近词 inferiority n.自 卑；自卑感；劣等；下级 initiative 【adj.】 创始的；起始的
【n.】 积极的行动；倡议；主动权；主动性；积极性；进取心 形近词
initiate v.引发；开始；创始；使初步了解 同义词
initial adj.最初的
instrument 【n.】工具；仪器；机械；乐器
形近词
instrumentalist n.乐器演奏家 mathematical 【adj.】数学的；精确的；( 具有 ) 数学 ( 头脑 ) 的 形近词 mathematics n.数学；数学运算
miion 【n.】 使命；任务；使团；代表团 形近词
mi, commiion, emiions-free, admiion, submiion, commiioner 形近词
mi v.错过 ( 机会 )；漏掉；忽略
commiion n.委员会；佣金；犯 ( 罪 )；委任；委任状
v.委任；使服役；委托制作 emiions-free： 零排放
admiion n.承认；入场费；准许进入；坦白 commiioner n.理事；委员；行政长官；总裁 Unit 24 C.单词应用
exhaust [adj]筋疲力尽的 2012 年阅读 Text 4 They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.forecast [n] 预测 2013 年阅读 Text 3 As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which ourdescendants will find themselves.nowhere [adv] 任何地方 2009 年阅读 Text 4 According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits.”
preferable [adj] 更可取的 2007 年翻译
While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.preference [n] 偏爱 2010 年阅读新题型
The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. reinforce [v] 加强 2009 年阅读新题型 Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.enforce [v] 强制执行 ( 法律、规定等 ) 2013 年阅读 Text 4 In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.renew [v] 更新 2013 年阅读 Text 1 These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.exceive [adj] 过多的 2014 年阅读 Text 2 There are many reasons for this.0ne is the exceive costs of a legal education.excellent [adj] 极好的 2013 年阅读 Text 3 Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years.excellence [n] 优秀；卓越；杰出 2014 年阅读 Text 4
In 20l0, Leading congreional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” frightening [adj] 可怕的 2007 年阅读 Text 3
From the middle-cla family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far le like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
inferiority [n] 自卑感 2010 年翻译
This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.initiative [n] 积极的行动 2012 年阅读 Text 1
In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
mathematical [adj] ( 具有 ) 数学 ( 头脑 ) 的 2014 年翻译
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life.It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being.mi [v] 错过 2011 年阅读 Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are miing the point.admiion [n] 准许进入 2006 年阅读新题型
In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problems.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admiions” letter.
commiioner [n] 委员 2010 年阅读 Text 4
Charlie McCreevy, a European commiioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. Unit 25 A.单词识记
poisonous 【adj.】有毒的；恶意的；毒恶的；会造成危害的 形近词
poisoning n.中毒；放毒；下毒 同义词
toxic adj.有毒的；中毒的
primitive 【adj.】 原始的；早期的；简单的；粗糙的 同义词
archaic adj.古代的 original adj.原始的
humble adj.谦逊的；简陋的 形近词
blueprint v.计划；制成蓝图
n.蓝图；计划
print n.印刷业；印花布；印刷字体；印章；印记
v.印刷；打印；刊载；用印刷体写；在„„印花样；印刷；出版；用印刷体写 形近词
printout n.打印输出；打印出的资料；晒相 printer n.打印机；印刷工 词组
in print： 已出版；仍可买到
rush 【v.】猛冲；快速前进；赶忙做；匆忙做；仓促地做
【n.】 仓促；急忙；热潮；高峰期 词组
gold rush： 淘金热
rush through： 快速通过；仓促完成 同义词
hustle v.猛推；猛拉；猛挤；赶紧 switch 【v.】 转换；交换；对调；( 注意力 ) 转变
【n.】( 电路的 ) 开关、电闸、转换器 词组
switch on： 接通
switch off： 关闭；( 使 ) 没兴趣 temper 【v.】 调和；调节；使缓和；使温和
【n.】脾气；情绪；韧度；回火度 形近词 temperament n.气质；性情；性格；( 脾气 ) 暴躁
tone 【n.】 音调；音色；色调；腔调；语气；( 肌肉等 ) 结实度 形近词
milestone n.里程碑，里程标志；划时代的事件 flagstone n.石板近义词
color n.颜色；色彩
v.(用染料、颜料等)给„„着色(或染色) ultimate 【adj.】 根本的；最终的
【n.】终极；极限 形近词
ultimately adv.根本地；
eventually adv.最终发生的；结果的 terminal adj.末期的；晚期的 violent 【adj.】猛烈的；暴力的 形近词 turbulent adj.骚乱的；混乱的 fierce adj.凶猛的 wing 【n.】 翼，翅膀；派系，派别；侧厅；侧楼 近义词 party n.党；党派 side n.一方；一派 worthy 【adj.】 值得的；应该获得„„的；值得尊敬的；可敬的 形近词 noteworthy adj.值得注意的 词组 worth doing sth.： 值得做某事 deserve sth.： 值得 worthy of： 值得；配得上 alcohol 【n.】酒；酒精；乙醇 analogy 【n.】 相似；类比 形近词 analogous adj.类似的；相似的 同义词 resemblance n.相似；类似 similarity n.类似；相像性
anticipate 【v.】 预期；预料；预定；预感；期望 形近词
anticipation n.预期；预料；期望；盼望 词组
anticipate sb.doing sth.： 预料某人会做某事
column 【n.】 ( 报刊中的 ) 专栏；圆柱；柱状物；列 commodity 【n.】 商品；物品 同义词
goods n.商品；货物 merchandise n.商品
confer 【v.】 授予；赋予；商谈；商议 形近词
conference n.会议；协商；讨论；联盟 词组
confer sth.on sb.： 授予某人某物 confer with： 和„„商谈；交换意见 counsel 【v.】 劝告；忠告；建议
【n.】 法律顾问；劝告；忠告 形近词
counseling n.咨询服务；辅导近义词
attorney n.( 美国的 ) 律师
cultivate 【v.】 培养；逐渐形成；耕种；种植 形近词
cultivation n.耕种；培养；教养近义词
foster v.寄养；代养；促进；鼓励；培养
adj.寄养的；代养的
grow v.种植；生长；长大；变得 activate v.使运作；使起作用；激活 deem 【v.】 认为，视为；相信 dentist 【n.】 牙医
deteriorate 【v.】 变坏，恶化 undermine 【v.】 破坏；损害 embrace 【v.】 拥抱；包括；抓住 ( 机会等 )；欣然接受；信奉；
围住；环绕
【n.】拥抱；怀抱 同义词 hug v.热烈地拥抱 evaluate【v.】
评估；评价 形近词 evaluation n.估价；评价；评估 estimate v.估计；预测 glimpse 【n.】 瞥见
【v.】 瞥见 词组 catch/get a glimpse of： 瞥见 Unit 25 C.单词应用
poisonous [adj] 会造成危害的 2006 年阅读 Text 1
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.poisoning [n] 中毒 2007 年阅读 Text 3
First of all, most substances taken in exce will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.print [v]打印 2008 年阅读新题型 Many writers prudently store their data on disk and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.print [n] 印刷业 2011 年阅读 Text 3 While traditional “paid” media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.printout [n] 打印出的资料 2008 年阅读新题型
These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
printer [n] 打印机 2008 年阅读新题型
It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer, may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. in print 已出版；仍可买到 2010 年阅读 Text 1 Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of
writings on music is unknown save to specialists.rush through [n] 快速通过 2010 年阅读 Text 4 After a bruising encounter with Congre, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes.switch [v] (注意力)转变 2007 年阅读 Text 1
Ericon grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.switch on 接通 2013 年阅读 Text 2
Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off.temper [v] 使缓和 2007 年完型
Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the ma of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.tone [n] (肌肉等)结实度 2011 年完型
In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite; studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.flagstone [n] 石板 2006 年阅读 Text 2
They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.color [n] 颜色 2013 年阅读 Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive aistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the aistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtle found her garment.ultimate [adj] 根本的；最终的 2009 年翻译
If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect, we may well believe that this leon has been learned largely through dealings with the young.turbulent [adj] 混乱的 2011 年阅读 Text 2 A turbulent busine environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.wing [n] 侧厅；侧楼 2006 年阅读 Text 2 Neverthele every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.worthy [adj] 可敬的 2006 年阅读 Text 2 The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theater adds a penny to their revenue.noteworthy [adj] 值得注意的 2007 年阅读 Text 1 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.deserve sth 值得 2014 年阅读 Text 4 “The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.alcohol [n] 酒 2006 年完型
Part of the problem is that many homele adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.analogous [adj] 类似的 2006 年翻译
His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as poible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.anticipate [v] 预期；预料 2013 年阅读 Text 1 In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed ma-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.column [n] (报刊中的)专栏 2007 年阅读 Text 2 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant.commodity [n] 商品；物品 2011 年阅读 Text 2 It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.confer [v] 授予；赋予 2007 年阅读 Text 1 Certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills.counseling [n] 咨询服务 2006 年阅读新题型
Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.attorney [n] ( 美国的 ) 律师 2010 年阅读 Text 2
The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court”, says Harole C.Wegner, a patent attorney and profeor at George Washington University Law School.cultivate [v] 培养 2012 年完型 They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.foster [v] 促进；培养 2009 年阅读 Text 1
That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonne.grow [v] 变得 2013 年阅读 Text 3
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.activate [v] 激活 2009 年阅读 Text 1
Ryan most probably agrees that curiosity activates creative minds.deem[v] 认为，视为 2010 年阅读 Text 1
To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
dentist [n] 牙医 2008 年阅读 Text 4
So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.deteriorate [adj] 变坏的，恶化的 2006 年阅读 Text 1
But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
embrace [v] 欣然接受 2010 年阅读 Text 3 Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.evaluate [v] 评估 2010 年阅读 Text 2
The Federal Circuit iued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one iue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.evaluation [n] 评估 2009 年阅读 Text 2
In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
glimpse [n] 瞥见 2015 年翻译
The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. Unit 26 A.单词识记
plausible 【adj.】( 解释或说法 ) 似乎真实的；貌似合理的
literally 【adv.】 确实地；真正地；照字面意义；逐字地；简直 observation 【n.】 观察；观测；监视；评论；言论
outlook 【n.】 世界观；人生观；观点；见解；展望；前景 同义词
prospect n.前景；希望；景象 physician 【n.】 医生；内科医生 近义词 surgeon n.外科医生 retreat 【n.】 撤退；退却
【v.】 撤退；退却；放弃；从„„中隐退；离开 词组
retreat from： 从„„撤退；逃避„„ draw back： 退缩 yield to： 让步于 同义词
withdraw v.撤走；拿走
slip 【n.】疏忽；小错；口误；笔误
【v.】 滑，滑倒；溜走 词组 pink slip： 解雇通知 同义词
glide v.滑行；滑翔近义词
evade v.规避；逃避；回避，避开(问 题、话题等 )；躲避；避开 stable 【n.】 马厩，马棚
【adj.】 稳定的；稳固的；稳重的 substitute 【n.】 代用品；代替品
【v.】 代替，替换 词组 substitute „ for „ ： 以„„代替„„ tide 【n.】 潮流；趋势；潮汐 via 【prep.】 经由，通过 adolescent 【n.】 青少年
【adj.】 青春期的；青少年的 anonymous 【adj.】 匿名的；无名的；无特色的 authentic 【adj.】 真正的；真实的；可靠的 chop 【v.】 砍；剁；劈；切
【n.】 排骨；肉块 词组 disposable chopsticks： 一次性筷子 近义词 bang v.猛击；猛撞 bash v.痛击；猛击 compel 【v.】 强迫；迫使 形近词
compelling adj.令人信服的；有说服力的近义词
oblige v.(形势、规定或法律)强迫； 迫使；施恩惠于 expel v.驱逐 impel v.推动 词组
be compelled to： 被迫
conceion 【n.】 迁就，让步 词组
concede sth.to sb.： 让某人做某事
make a conceion/some conceions to： 对„„做出让步 crack 【v.】 破裂；砸开；( 使 ) 发出爆裂声
【n.】裂缝；裂纹；缝隙；破裂声，爆裂声 形近词
cracked adj.破裂的；声音嘶哑的；精神失常的 词组
get cracking： 尽快开始；迅速开始行动近义词
gape v.( 洞、伤口等 ) 张开，裂开；目瞪口呆地凝视；张口结舌地看collapse v.倒塌；塌下；( 体系或机构 ) 崩溃；瓦解；突然失败 float 【v.】 浮动，漂浮
【n.】 浮动，漂浮 fond 【adj.】 喜爱的，爱好的 形近词
fondne n.喜欢；钟爱 词组
be fond of： 喜爱；爱好
ideology 【n.】 思想意识；意识形态 同义词
doctrine n.信条；主义；学说
philosophy n.哲学；哲学思想；生活信条
imitation 【n.】 模仿；仿效；仿制；仿制品 形近词
imitate v.模仿 同义词
simulation n.模仿；模拟 miserable 【adj.】痛苦的；悲惨的近义词
deplorable adj.糟透的；可悲的 parcel 【n.】 包裹；邮包
【v.】 打包，捆扎 词组 part and parcel： 必要的部分 perplex 【v.】 使困惑；使费解
形近词 perplexed adj.困惑的；糊涂的
同义词
bewilder v.使迷惑 puzzle v.使迷惑 confuse v.使困惑
preach 【v.】 宣讲 ( 教义 )；布道；竭力鼓吹；宣传；讲道；说教 形近词
interprovincial adj.省与省之间的；省际的 近义词
admonish v.责备；告诫
symbol 【n.】 符号；标志，象征 同义词
sign n.标志；符号；记号
synthetic 【adj.】合成的，人造的 articulately 【adv.】表达清晰地 aspire【v.】有志于；热望；向往 词组
aspire to： 渴望，立志
betray 【v.】 背叛，出卖；暴露；流露；泄露；违背，背弃 ( 理想或原则 ) cement 【v.】 巩固；加强
【n.】 水泥 形近词 displacement n.取代；代替；排水量；迫使迁徒 replacement n.取代；代替；更换，置换 pronouncement n.声明；公告 comfort 【n.】 舒适，安逸
【v.】 使舒适，安慰 形近词 discomfort n.不适；不舒服 v.使„„不舒服；使„„ 不安 scatter 【v.】 ( 使 ) 散开；( 使 ) 分散；( 使 ) 散布在各处 形近词 scattered adj.散乱的；散布的；遍布的，到处都是的 同义词 disperse v.( 使 ) 分散 近义词 distribute v.分配；散布 deduce 【v.】 演绎；推断；推论 形近词 deductible adj.可扣除的 n.免赔额 dumb 【adj.】哑的，无说话能力的；愚蠢的 eligible 【adj.】 有资格的；符合条件的；有能力的 foil 【n.】 化石；老顽固，思想僵化的人 Unit 26 C.单词应用
plausible [adj]似乎真实的；貌似合理的 2010 年完型 The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.
observation [n] 观察 2008 年翻译
He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
retreat [n] 撤退；退却 2010 年阅读 Text 1
Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
substitute [n] 代替品 2011 年阅读 Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live perfor-mance are miing the point. via [prep] 经由，通过 2012 年阅读 Text 1 An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—
as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication.
adolescent [n] 青少年 2008 年阅读 Text 3 But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.anonymous [adj] 匿名的 2006 年阅读新题型
The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so? authentic [adj] 真实的 2007 年阅读 Part B Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes.collapse [v] 倒塌；塌下 2012 年阅读 Text 2 A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of` an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management, especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.fondne [n] 喜欢 2007 年阅读 Text 2 What’s the difference between love and fondne? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? imitate [v] 模仿 2012 年阅读 Text 1 This is a subtle form of` peer preure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.miserable [adj] 痛苦的 2011 年阅读 Text 4 Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happine: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.cement [v] 巩固；加强 2014 年阅读 Text 3 They could cement the status quo of peer- reviewed research.scattered [adj]遍布的，到处都是的 2014 年阅读 Text 3 The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.deduce [v] 推断 2007 年阅读 Text 2 IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.dumb [adj] 愚蠢的 2011 年阅读 Text 4 It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.eligible [adj] 有资格的 2014 年阅读 Text 1 Only if the joble arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. Unit 27 A.单词识记
logical 【adj.】 逻辑的，符合逻辑的；逻辑上必然的 形近词
psychological, technological, geological, biological, pathological,astrological, theological, ecologically, chronological 形近词
psychological adj.心理 ( 学 ) technological adj.技术的；工艺的 geological adj.地质 ( 学 ) 的 biological adj.生物 ( 学 ) 的 pathological adj.病理学的；病态 astrological adj.占星的 theological adj.神学的 ecologically adv.生态学地
chronological adj.按年代顺序排列的 definite 【adj.】 明确的；肯定的；限定 形近词
definitely adv.明确地；肯定地；当然
definition n.定义；清晰度；精确度
indefinite adj.模糊的；无限的；不确定的
indefinitely adv.不定地；无定限地；无限期地；不明确地，模糊地近义词
distinct adj.明显的；清楚的
specific adj.明确的；具体的；特定的
qualify 【v.】 ( 使 ) 具有资格，胜任；证明合格；限制；限定；修饰 词组
be qualified for： 有„„的资格；适于担当 同义词
modify v.修改；变更；改进 bunch 【n.】 束；群；团
【v.】 成群；成团 词组
a bunch of： 一串：一帮：一群 prolong 【v.】 延长；拉长；拖延；拖长 ( 音节等的 ) 发音 virtue 【n.】 美德；德行；贞操；优点；长处 形近词
virtual adj.虚拟的；有效的；实质上的，事实上的 virtually adv.实际上；几乎；实质上
virtuosity n.精湛技艺；艺术鉴赏力；艺术爱好者近义词
morality n.道德；道德准则
merit n.功德；功绩；功勋
participate 【v.】 参与；参加；分享；分担 形近词
participation n.参加；参与；分享 participatory adj.供人分享的 词组
participate in： 参加 reduction 【n.】 减少；降低；缩小 形近词 reduce v.减少 defend 【v.】 防守，保卫；为„„辩护；为„„答辩；维护 形近词 defender n.防卫者； 守卫者；辩护者；拥护者；卫冕者
defendant n.被告 precise 【adj.】 精确的；清晰的 形近词
precisely adv.精确地，准确地；正好；恰恰；确实地 ( 表示强调 ) precision n.精确；精密
同义词
accurate adj.精确的；准确的 remark 【n.】 评语；议论；意见
【v.】 评论；谈论 形近词 remarkable adj.不同寻常的；非凡的；值得注意的 parliament 【n.】国会；议会 形近词 parliamentary adj.议会的；国会的；合乎议会法规的；议会制定的；
议会政体的 词组 the House of Lords (of Britain)/the Upper House：上议院 the Lower House/the Lower Chamber：下议院 同义词 congre n.国会；代表大会 committee 【n.】 委员会；全体委员
形近词 commit v.犯 ( 罪 )；做 ( 错事 )；把„„托付给；保证 commitment n.承诺；保证；信奉；忠诚；承担义务；委托；献身 community n.( 同住一地的人所构成的 ) 社区；群体；团体 词组 commit oneself to： 致力于 be committed to： 把„„送交；托付给„„ faulty 【adj.】 有缺点的；有错误的；不完美的 形近词 fault n.错误；缺点 词组 at fault： 有过错；有责任 同义词 flaw n.瑕疵；缺点 lapse n.小错；疏忽 defect n.瑕疵；毛病
drawback n.缺点；劣势 shortcoming n.短处；缺点 craftsman 【n.】工匠；手艺人；工艺师
credential 【n.】 资历；资格；资格证书；资质证明；( 计算机用户的 ) 身份验证信息
rational 【adj.】 理性的；理智的 形近词
operational adj.( 机器、设备等 ) 正常运转的，可使用的；运行中的 licence 【v.】 准许；认可
【n.】 许可证；执照 同义词
sanction v.批准；制裁；处罚 consent v.准许；赞同近义词
certify v.（尤指书面）证 明；给„„颁发证书 approve v.赞成；同意
occasionally 【adv.】 偶然地；偶尔，间或 同义词
casually adv.偶然地；无意地
accidentally adv.偶然地；意外地 infrequently adv.稀少地；珍贵地
randomly adv.随便地；随机地；未加计划地 substance 【n.】 物质；实质；主旨；财产，财物 形近词
substantial ，substantially ，substantiate 形近词
substantial adj.坚固的；结实的；大量的；相当程度的；重大的 substantially adv.本质上；实质上；大体上；相当多地；大大地 substantiate v.用事实支持 ( 某主张、说法等 )；证明，证实近义词
eence n.实质，本质；精髓；精油；香精 accelerate 【v.】 加快；促进 形近词
accelerating n.加速
adj.加速的；促进的 accelerated adj.加快的；加速的 同义词
escalate v.使逐步升级
distract 【v.】分散 ( 注意力等 )；( 使 ) 分心；迷惑；娱乐，消遣 形近词
undistracted adj.未分心的；注意力集中的
extract v.提取；提炼；挖掘；取出；抽出；攫取；榨取；设法得到
n.摘录；选段；引文；提取物；精华；汁
extravagant adj.奢侈的；浪费的；昂贵的；极端的；过分的 entertainment 【n.】
娱乐活动；娱乐节目 形近词
entertainer n.( 娱乐节目 ) 表演者；艺人 entertaining adj.令人愉快的；有趣的
fatal 【adj.】 致命的；毁灭性的；重大的；命中注定的 形近词
cast v.使产生怀疑；使不确信；抛下；投射 ( 光线或阴影 ) forecaster n.预报员；预测者
foremost adj.第一流的；最重要的 词组 be doomed to = be bound to= be destined to： 注定 同义词 predict v.预言；预测 prophet n.预言家；先知 glow 【v.】 发热；发光；发红
【n.】 光亮；光辉 形近词
glowing adj.灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的；光辉的 同义词
radiate v.辐射；发射 beam v.发出光与热 glitter v.闪烁；闪耀 incident 【n.】 事件；事变
形近词 incidence n.( 疾 病 等的 ) 发生；发生率Incidental adj.附属的；易发生的；偶然发生的
n.附带事件 近义词 episode n.插曲；事件；时期；(广播剧或电视剧的 ) 一集；( 杂志连载故事的 ) 一节
plain 【adj.】 明显的；明白的；清楚的；平易的；朴素的；平常的；坦率的；平凡的
【n.】平原；旷野 形近词 plateau n.高原；( 活动或进程中的 ) 稳定阶段；停滞时期 同义词 ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 quantity 【n.】 量；数量；大量 形近词 quantitative adj.定量的；量的；数量的 Unit 27 C.单词应用
technological [adj] 技术的 2011 年阅读 Text 3 The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that paionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.astrological [adj] 占星的 2007 年阅读 Text 1
Here are a few guees (a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills.
definitely [adv]肯定地； 当然 2010 年阅读新题型
Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not.indefinite [adj] 无限的 2009 年完型
Is there an adaptive value to limited intelligence? modify [v] 变更；改进 2014 年完型
Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
reduce [v] 减少 2014 年阅读 Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.
precisely [adv] 精确地；准确地 2008 年阅读新题型
It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing.remarkable [adj] 不同寻常的 2013 年阅读 Text 4
Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.commitment [n] 承诺 2012 年阅读 Text 2
The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.devoted [adj] 忠诚的 2011 年阅读 Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are miing the point.randomly [adv] 随机地；未加计划地 2013 年完型
In theory, the succe of an applicant should not depend on the few others chosen randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr.Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.substantially [adv]相当多地；大大地 2009 年阅读 Text 3
A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.
undistracted [adj] 注意力集中的 2006 年阅读新题型
The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
extract [v] 取出 2008 年阅读 Text 4 So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.foremost [adj]第一流的 2010年阅读Text 1 During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost claical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.incidental [adj] 偶然发生的 2009 年翻译
In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the expre reason of the aociation. episode [n] 插曲；事件 2009 年阅读 Text 4 The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. Unit 29 A.单词识记
eyebrow 【n.】眉毛
eyelash (lash out at „) false eyelash eye black / mascara cream eyeglash curler / lash curler harbor 【v.】隐匿；窝藏；包庇
【n.】 港口；海港；避难所；藏身处 词组
Pearl Harbor： 珍珠港 同义词
shelter v.掩蔽；庇护 shield v.保护；掩护 molecule【n.】 分子
offspring 【n.】 子女；孩子；后代；结果，产物 同义词
posterity n.后代，后世；后裔近义词
heir n.继承人
descendant n.后代；后裔；子孙；接替的人或事物 orbit 【v.】使绕轨道运行
【n.】 轨道 形近词 orbital adj.轨道的；眼窝的
portion 【n.】部分；( 饭菜的 ) 一份，一客 形近词
ratio n.比；比率；比例；系数 protein n.[化]朊；蛋白(质) proportion n.比例；部分；均衡
resent 【v.】 对„„表示愤恨；怨恨；厌恶 形近词
resentment n.愤慨；怨恨 词组
repent of： 后悔 sake 【n.】 因为„„的缘故；为了 形近词 forsake v.放弃；抛弃；遗弃 词组 for the sake of： 为了„„起见；看在„„的份上 shrink 【v.】( 使 ) 缩小；( 使 ) 收缩；退缩；畏缩 形近词 shrinkage n.减少 sketch 【n.】梗概；大意；略图；素描
【v.】 概述；勾画；素描；简略地描绘 petrol 【n.】汽油 形近词 patrol n.巡逻队；巡逻车队 v.巡逻；巡查 JAY-Z 99 Problems If you have girl problems I feel bad for you son I’ve got 99 problems, but a bitch ain't one, hit me. I’ve got the Rap Patrol on the gat patrol Foes that wanna make sure my casket's closed superficial 【adj.】表面的；肤浅的，浅薄的 同义词 shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的 therapy 【n.】治疗；治疗方案，治疗方法 形近词 therapist n.临床医学家；治疗专家
词组 music therapy： 音乐疗法 affiliate 【v.】使隶属于
【n.】 附属机构；分公司 形近词 affiliation n.加入；联盟；友好关系；从属关系；附属机构 词组 be affiliated/attached to： ( 使 )相关 agitate 【v.】鼓动；使焦虑；使狂躁不安；搅动；搅拌 形近词 agitated adj.不安的；焦虑的 近义词 irritate v.刺激；使兴奋 annoy v.打扰 alphabet 【n.】字母表 形近词
alphabetically adv.按字母顺序排列地近义词
vocabulary n.词汇；词汇量 amend 【v.】修改；修正 形近词
amendment n.改正；改良；( 法令或法规的 ) 修正条款，修正案 bold 【adj.】大胆的；勇敢的；冒昧的；黑体的；粗体的 approximate 【v.】 接近；估计
【adj.】近似的 形近词 approximately adv.大概；近乎 词组 more or le： 差不多 近义词 approach v.接近；走近arbitrary 【adj.】 任意的；专断的
bureaucracy 【n.】 ( 公司的 ) 管理人员；官僚，官僚主义；官僚机构 同义词
bureaucrat n.官僚；官僚主义者
brake 【n.】 制动 ( 器 )；闸；刹车
【v.】 刹车
circulate 【v.】 ( 使 ) 循环；( 使 ) 流通；传播 形近词
circulation n.流通；传播；循环；发行量 catholic 【n.】 天主教徒
【adj.】天主教的 dreadful 【adj.】 极严重的；糟糕透顶的；可怕的
形近词 fearful adj.恐惧的；害怕的；可怕的；严重的；极坏的 近义词 nasty adj.邋遢的；下流的；令人厌恶的；恶劣的；恶毒的；( 伤口、
疾病等 ) 严重的 n.令人不快的人 ( 或事 ) appalling adj.骇人听闻的 scary adj.使人惊慌的 contradictory 【adj.】反对的；矛盾的 形近词 self-contradictory adj.自相矛盾的 同义词 paradoxical adj.矛盾的 digest【v.】 吸收；领悟；消化 (食物 )
【n.】摘要 形近词 digestive adj.消化的；助消化的 drought 【n.】旱灾；干旱 近义词 famine n.饥荒 earnest 【adj.】热心的；诚挚的；认真的 形近词 earnestne n.认真；一本正经；诚挚；热切 词组 in earnest： 认真地；诚挚地 词组 in earnest： 认真地；诚挚地 近义词 scrupulous adj.严谨的 diligent adj.勤奋的；勤勉的；孜孜不倦的；细致彻底的 flavor 【v.】 给„„调味
【n.】风味；情趣 近义词
aroma n.芳香，香味
atmosphere n.情调；魅力
frontier 【n.】 国境；边境；边陲；西部边疆；边远地区；尖端；新领域 形近词 confront v.( 问题、任务或困难 ) 降临；使面临；与„„对峙；与„„对抗；碰到，遇到 Unit 29 C.单词应用
descendant [n] 后代 2013 年阅读 Text 3 As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence- based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.protein [n] 蛋白 ( 质 ) 2008 年阅读 Text 3 Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients —notably, protein—to feed expanding tiues.proportion [n] 比例 2006 年阅读 Text 3 Today’s veels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.patrol [v] 巡查 2012 年阅读 Text 4 Mark Baldaare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions.affiliation [n.]附属机构 2008 年阅读 Text 2 A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.approximately [adv] 大概 2006 年阅读 Text 4 Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children— though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. bureaucrat [n] 官僚 2012 年阅读 Text 1 Far le certain, however, is how succe-fully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.circulation [n] 发行量 2010 年阅读 Text 1 To read such books today is to marvel at the circulate fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general circulation dailies.fearful [adj] 害怕的 2013 年完型
For example, he theorized that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service that day.nasty [adj] ( 伤口、疾病等 ) 严重的 2008 年完型 They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer.earnestne [n] 热切 2009 年阅读 Text 4 These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestne.diligent [adj] 勤奋的 2010 年完型
Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then slackening off.confront [v] 碰到，遇到 2009 年阅读 Text 4 Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion.“Our main end was to catch fish. Unit 30 A.单词识记
fume 【v.】 发怒；生气；冒烟
【n.】 烟；气体；烦恼 同义词
inflame v.( 使 ) 发怒；( 使 ) 发炎 hospitality 【n.】殷勤好客；热情友好 词组
be hostile to： 对„„有敌意 反义词
hostility n.敌意；敌对状态 hemisphere【n.】 半球
incompetent 【adj.】 不合格的；不胜任的
形近词：competently, incompetently, competent 近义词 surgeon n.外科医生形近词 competently adv.胜任地；称职地；有„„能力地 incompetently adv.不称职地；不胜任地 competent adj.胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的 词组 incompetent to do sth.： 不能做某事 hydrogen 【n.】氢
ingredient 【n.】组成部分，成分；要素；因素 同义词
factor n.因素；要素；系数 element n.[ 化 ] 元素 component n.成分；零件 inject 【v.】注射；注入 ( 某种特性 ) 形近词 injection n.注射；注射剂；充血；射入轨道 词组 inject into： 注入；增添 近义词 inset v.嵌入；插入 install v.安装；安置 lest 【conj.】唯恐；免得，以免 junction 【n.】 交叉点；接合处；枢纽站；连接；接合 形近词 disjunction n.分离；折断；脱节 conjunction n.( 事件的 ) 同时发生；同地发生 同义词 connection n.连接；联系；连接点 joint adj.共同的；联合的 n.[ 解 ] 关节；接合处 lung 【n.】 肺 词组 at the top of (one’s) lungs： 尽可能响亮地 microscope 【n.】显微镜 mold 【v.】塑造；形成；浇铸；造型
【n.】模子；铸型 形近词 remold v.改铸；改造 词组 mold sb./sth.into sb./sth.：使„„发展为„„；把„„塑造成„„ nerve 【n.】神经；勇气；胆量；[ 医 ] 神经紧张 形近词 nervous adj.神 经 系 统的；神经过敏的；紧张不安的 nonsense 【n.】胡说；废话 pioneer 【n.】先驱；倡导者；开拓者 同义词
forerunner n.先驱
predeceor n.前任；前辈
practitioner 【n.】 开业者 ( 医生、律师等 )；从业者 refreshment 【n.】点心；饮料；精力恢复；爽快 形近词
refreshing adj.耳目一新的，新颖的；使人精神焕发的；使恢复精神的 respectively 【adv.】 分别地，各自地 同义词
individually adv.分别地 slogan 【n.】标语；口号近义词 motto n.座右铭 proverb n.谚语；格言 stumble 【v.】偶然发现；跌；绊；结结巴巴地说话
【n.】跌；绊 词组 stumble acro： 偶然发现 stumble upon： 偶然发现 同义词 tumble v.跌倒 symposium 【n.】研讨会；专题讨论会；专题论文集 vigorous 【adj.】 有力的；朝气蓬勃的，精神旺盛的；语言犀利的 形近词 vigorously adv.精神旺盛地；有力地近义词 robust adj.精力充沛的；( 观点等 ) 坚定的；坚决的 virus【n.】 病毒；( 精神、道德方面的 ) 有害影响 abreast 【adv.】 并肩地，并排地；了解；跟上 ( 最新情况 )
形近词 breadth n.宽度；广度；广泛性 词组 abreast of： 与„„并列；与„„并排 keep abreast of： 跟上，保持并列 bellyful 【n.】 过量；满腹 weary 【adj.】疲倦的；疲劳的；令人厌烦的
【v.】 使疲倦；使厌倦 同义词 exhausted adj.耗尽的 divorce 【v.】与„„离婚；分离
【n.】离婚；分离 y【n.】伤亡人员；受害人 形近词 incapable adj.无能力的；不能的，不会的 capacity n.容量；能力 cape 【n.】 披肩；斗篷；海角 形近词 escape v./n.逃跑；逃离；逃脱；躲过 scapegoat n.替罪羊；代人受罪的人 aault 【v.】袭击，攻击
【n.】 袭击，攻击 词组 aault on sb.： 攻击某人 bearing 【n.】关系；举止，风度；生育，生育期；[ 常 pl.] 方位；方向感；轴承 词组 have some bearing on： 和„„有关 sfer【n.】 转让；转移；传递
【v.】传播；移交；( 使 ) 调动；( 使 ) 换岗；( 使 ) 转移；( 使 ) 迁移形近词 transferable adj.可转移的；可转让的 comedy【n.】喜剧 ( 片 )；喜剧表演 反义词 tragedy n.悲剧，惨剧 zigzag 【v.】 曲折前进
【n.】之字形；锯齿形线条
【adj.】之字形的；Z 字形的 relieve 【v.】减轻；使 ( 从„„中 ) 解脱出来；减少；换班；换岗 形近词 relief n.缓解；减轻；解脱；安慰；欣慰 同义词 alleviate v.减轻；缓和 近义词 palliate v.减轻 humble 【v.】使谦逊；使感到卑微
【adj.】低下的，卑贱的；简陋的；不起眼的；谦卑的，谦逊的 stereotype【n.】 模式化的形象 ( 或特征 )；固定模式；刻板印
【v.】使模式化；使定型 Bible 【n.】《圣经》 Unit 30 C.单词应用
hostility [n] 敌意 2014 年阅读 Text 2
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profeion—with the poible exception of journalism.competent [adj] 胜任的 2007 年翻译 In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic ingredient features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.factor [n] 因素 2007 年阅读 Text 1 Talent is a dominating factor for profeional succe.conjunction [n] ( 事件的 ) 同时发生 2013 年完型 The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admiion Test, or GMAT, a Standardization exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.nervous [adj] 紧张不安的 2011 年阅读 Text 2 In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.vigorously [adv] 有力地 2012 年阅读 Text 4 Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. breadth [n] 宽度 2014 年阅读 Text 4 Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congre asked it to illuminate.capacity [n] 能力 2009 年阅读 Text 1 At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.escape [v] 逃脱 2012 年阅读 Text 3 We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.transferable [adj] 可转让的 2011 年阅读新题型 But the key idea behind profeionalization, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmiible but not transferable.”
alleviate [v] 减轻；缓和 2011 年阅读 Text 3 Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with
consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.Bible [n] 《圣经》 2009 年阅读 Text 4 One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.
