人工智能埃丹：工程设计，分析和制作的人工智能
很多公司企图提高定制当今竞争激烈的全球市场，都利用产品系列和平台基础来开发产品的种类、缩短交易时间和增加收入。一个成功的产品系列的关键是这个产品平台通过添加，删除，或用一个或多个模块用一个或者多个维度的具体目标利基市场来得到产品平台或者扩展产品平台。这项初步工程设计领域在过去十年中迅速成熟，本文提供了一个研究活动发生在这段时间进行基于大批量定制的产品开发平台产品族系列综合评述的设计。用一种产品系列来评估产品平台杠杆策略的技术通常用于审查和度量评估产品平台和产品系列的有效性。特别强调的是优化方法和人工智能技术协助的产品系列设计方法和基于平台的产品开发。基于web的产品平台定制系统仍需要讨论。学术界和工业界的例子就是之前在前文中强调了的产品系列和产品平台的好处。本文讨论的结论是运用潜在的研究领域帮助构建产品系列的制造和设计之间的桥梁。
当今竞争激烈的全球市场重新定义着许多公司做生意的方式。这种新形式的竞争优势是大规模定制，而且正如pine说的“一种新的查看竞争业务的方式，这种不以牺牲效率，有效性和花费的方式进行识别和实现个人客户最主要的需要和需求。”在pine对大规模定制的开创性探索中，他认为“消费者可能已经不再被这个巨大的同质市场聚集在一起，但是个人的需求可能与众不同并且这些需求是可以确定和满足的。”他把越来越多的注意力放在产品的种类和客户来满足市场的饱和度和提高客户满意度的需求：新产品必须不同于市场上现有的产品，并且尽可能的满足客户的需求。作为市场产生的动力，从汽车行业研究的和实证调查制造公司确认的这些结果来看，佩特森和犹梅里补充说明“正如许多公司知道的那样全球化市场的兴起已经从根本上改变了竞争，那就是强制压缩产品的开发时间，努力增加产品的种类。”类似的主题被沃克曼贯穿了这篇文章（1997），他在欧洲为“客户驱动”市场研究行业的反应。
社会的发展、技术的进步、产品的更新、生活节奏的加快等等一系列的社会与物质的因素，使人们在享受物质生活的同时，更加注重产品在“方便”、“舒适”、“可靠”、“价值”、“安全”和“效率”等方面的评价，也就是在产品设计中常提到的人性化设计问题。
所谓人性化产品，就是包含人机工程的的产品，只要是“人”所使用的产品，都应在人机工程上加以考虑，产品的造型与人机工程无疑是结合在一起的。我们可以将它们描述为：以心理为圆心，生理为半径，用以建立人与物(产品)之间和谐关系的方式，最大限度地挖掘人的潜能，综合平衡地使用人的肌能，保护人体健康，从而提高生产率。仅从工业设计这一范畴来看，大至宇航系统、城市规划、建筑设施、自动化工厂、机械设备、交通工具，小至家具、服装、文具以及盆、杯、碗筷之类各种生产与生活所创造的“物”，在设计和制造时都必须把“人的因素”作为一个重要的条件来考虑。若将产品类别区分为专业用品和一般用品的话，专业用品在人机工程上则会有更多的考虑，它比较偏重于生理学的层面；而一般性产品则必须兼顾心理层面的问题，需要更多的符合美学及潮流的设计，也就是应以产品人性化的需求为主。
人机工程学是一门新兴的边缘科学。它起源于欧洲，形成和发展于美国。人机工程学在欧洲称为Ergonomics，这名称最早是由波兰学者雅斯特莱鲍夫斯基提出来的，它是由两个希腊词根组成的。“ergo”的意思是“出力、工作”，“nomics”表示“规律、法则”的意思，因此，Ergonomics的含义也就是“人出力的规律”或“人工作的规律”，也就是说，这门学科是研究人在生产或操作过程中合理地、适度地劳动和用力的规律问题。人机工程学在美国称为“Human Engineering”（人类工程学）或“Human Factor Engineering”（人类因素工程学）。日本称为“人间工学”，或采用欧洲的名称，音译为“Ergonomics”，俄文音译名“Эргнотика”在我国，所用名称也各不相， ，有“人类工程学”、“人体工程学”、“工效学”、“机器设备利用学”和“人机工程学”等。为便于学科发展，统一名称很有必要，现在大部分人称其为“人机工程学”，简称“人机学”。“人机工程学”的确切定义是，把人—机—环境系统作为研究的基本对象，运用生理学、心理学和其它有关学科知识，根据人和机器的条件和特点，合理分配人和机器承担的操作职能，并使之相互适应，从而为人创造出舒适和安全的工作环境，使工效达到最优的一门综合性学科。
参考文献
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[3]沃马克，J.P.，琼斯，D.T.，与鲁斯，D.（1990）。改变了机 世界。纽约：罗森联营公司。
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山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）
AI EDAM: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
In aneffort to improve customization for today’s highly competitive global mar ketplace, many companies are utilizing product families and platform-based product development to increase variety, shorten lead times, and reduce costs.The key to a succeful product family is the product platform from which it is derived either by adding, removing, or substituting one or more modules to the platform or by scaling the platform in one or more dimensions to target specific market niches.This nascent field of engineering design has matured rapidly in the past decade, and this paper provides a comprehensive review of the flurry of research activity that has occurred during that time to facilitate product family design and platform -based product de velopment for ma customization.Techniques for identifying platform leveraging strategies within a product family are reviewed along with metrics for aeing the effectivene of product plat forms and product families.Special emphasis is placed on optimization approaches and artificial intelligence techniques to aist in the proce of product family design and platform based product development.Web-basedsystems for product platform customization are also discued.
Examples from both industry and a cademia are presented throughout the paper to highlight the benefits of product families and product platforms.The paper concludes with a discuion of potential areas of research to help bridge the gap between planning and managing families of products and designing and manufacturing them.Today’s h igh ly competitive global mark etplace is redefining the way many companies do busine.The new form ofcompetitive advantage is ma customization, and is, as Pine~1993a, p.xiii! says, ―a new way of viewing busine competition , one that makes the identification and fulfillment of the wants and needs of individual cu stomers paramount without sacrificing efficiency, effectivene, and low costs.‖In his seminal text on ma customization, Pine ~1993a,p.6! argues that ―customers can no longer be lumped together in a huge homo geneous market, but are individuals whose individual wants and needs can be ascertained and fulfilled.‖ He attributes the increasing attention on product variety and customer demand to the saturation of the market and the need to improve customer satisfaction: newproducts must be different from what is already in th e market and must meet cu stomer needs more comp letely.Sand-erson and Uzu meri ~1997, p.3! add that ―the emergence of global markets has fundamentally altered competition as many firms have known it‖ with the resulting market dynamics ―forcing the compreion of product development times and expansion of product variety.‖ Findings from studies of the automotive industry ~Womacketal., 1990; MacDuffieetal., 1996; Alford et al., 2000! and empirical su rveys of manufacturing firms ~Chinnaiah et al., 1998; Duray et al.,2000! confirm these trends.Similar themes pervade th e tex t by Wortmann et al.~1997!, who examine industry’s response in Europe to the ―customer-driven‖ market.
The social development and technological progre, product updates, rhythm of life pace, and so on a series of social and physical factors, so that people in the enjoyment of material life at the same time, pay more attention to products in the \"convenience\", \"comfortable\", \"reliable\", \"value\", \"security\" and \"efficiency evaluation, is often mentioned in the product design, personalized design.
山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）
The so-called user-friendly products that includes the man-machine engineering products, as long as it is \"person\" used in products should be considered in the man-machine engineering, product design and ergonomics is undoubtedly together.We can be described as: Center for psychological, physiological radius in order to build a harmonious relationship between people and things (products), maximum to tap potential, comprehensive balanced use of muscle, protection of human health, so as to improve the productivity.Only from the category of industrial design, to aerospace systems, urban planning, construction, automatic chemical plant, machinery and equipment, transport, small furniture, clothing, stationery and flower pots, cups, bowls and chopsticks, such as production and life to create the \"objects\", in the design and manufacture must take the \"human factor\" as an important condition to consider.If the products of distinguished profeional supplies and general supplies and profeional activities in the man-machine engineering will have more consideration, it is more emphasis on in physiology level; and general products must balance the psychological problems, need to be more in line with the aesthetics and the trend of the design, that is, should be to the needs of the product humanization.Ergonomics is a rising edge science.It originated in Europe, formed and developed in the United States..Ergonomics in Europe known as ergonomics, the name of the first is by Poland scholar Ya J Tele Bo J J Kiti, it is composed of two Greek roots.The meaning of \"ergo\" is \"output,\" and nomics said the meaning of \"law, rule.Therefore, ergonomics meaning is\" people contribute to the rules \"or\" working rules \".That is to say, the subject is the research in the production or operation of reasonable, moderate labor and force of law of.Ergonomics in the United States known as \"Engineering Human\" (Human Engineering) or \"Factor Engineering Human\" (Human Factor Engineering).Japan, known as the \"human engineering\", or the European name, transliterated as \"Ergonomics\", Ruian transliteration names \"middle, in this paper the author, with large K\" in our country, with the name of a also varied, with \"human engineering\", \"human engineering\", \"Ergonomics\", \"equipment using learning\" and \"Ergonomics\".For the development of subject, it is neceary to unify the name
山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）
of the subject.Now most people call it ergonomics.\".The exact definition of \"Ergonomics\" is the humanenvironment system as the basic research object, the use of physiological science, psychology and other related disciplines of knowledge, according to the conditions and characteristics of man and machine, a reasonable allocation of human and machine bear operation functions, and mutual adaptation, in order to create the comfortable and safe working environment for people, to optimize the efficiency of a comprehensive discipline.
山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）
REFERENCES
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[3]Womack, J.P., Jon es, D.T., & Roos, D.~1990!.The Machine that ChangedtheWorld.New York: Rawson Aociates.
[4]Wortmann, J.C., Muntslag, D.R., & Timmermans, P.J.M., Eds.~1997!.Custo mer-Driven Manufacturing.New York: Chapman & Hall.
[5]Yigit, A.S., Ulsoy, A.G., & Allahverdi, A.~2002!.Optimizing modular
product design for reconfigurable manufacturing.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 13(4), 309 –316.
