Topic: Is the risks of space travel worth the benefits? 主题：太空旅行的风险是否值得？
Exam structure: 1.Pro Opening Arguments(One Speaker) 2.Con Opening Arguments(One Speaker) 3.Pro Rebuttal(One Speaker) 4.Con Rebuttal(One Speaker) 5.Open Discuion(Anyone in the group may speak)-Groups will be given one overall grade, however, any student who speaks will gain extra points.Exams are scored on clarity and volume of speech, teamwork, and content(did you use sound arguments to make your point.)
考试结构：
1.开场辩论（一位发言者） 2.开场辩论（一名发言者） 3.赞成反驳（一位发言者） 4.反驳（一位发言人）
5.公开讨论（小组中任何人都可以发言）-小组将被给予一个整体等级，然而，任何一个会说话的学生都会得到额外的分数。考试的清晰度和音量，团队合作和内容（你用正确的论点来表达你的观点）。
Section 1-relevance （40）
Full Relevance ;Formed two fully research arguments con or pro
Section 2-Speed, Diction, and Voice Control (40) All Requirements exceeded: clear,concise, strong voice control, and good diction 100% of time.
Section 3-group work and Individual Contribution(20) Scoring Data: (Points added here for individuals who spoke.) Group worked well together and formed English arguments that were valid and tangible.
第一节：相关性（40）
完全相关；形成两个完整研究的正反方论点 第二节：速度、措辞和语音控制（40）
所有满足要求：清晰，简洁，强大的语音控制，以及良好的措辞，利用100%的时间。 第三节：小组工作和个人贡献（20） 评分数据：（为发言的人加上分数）。
小组合作得很好，形成了有效且有形的英语论证。
1 题目
Space travel has been poible for some time and some people think space tourism could be developed in the future.To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development? 本题需要讨论的核心问题是：你赞同还是反对太空旅行（space travel）？这个问题，当然是人见人殊，没有统一的意见。比如，有些人赞同太空旅行，因为太空旅行能够让我们看到地球人见不到的东西，大大开阔我们的视野，同时，太空旅行还有助于我们去发现地球之外的适合居住的星球，这个实在太重要了，因为地球毁灭是迟早的事情。然而，也一定有人反对太空旅行，因为一旦开启太空旅行，人类即将破环宇宙，从而破坏地球；而且，现在的太空旅行技术还不过关，太空旅行过于危险。当然，就这个题目而言，考生完全可以做双边讨论，即先讨论太空旅行的好处（比如扩大视野，发现地球之外的新大陆），然后讨论太空旅行潜在的危险（比如太空污染，技术短板），最后得出自己的结论（如太空旅行的确是有益处的，但我们一定要注意保护太空生态，同时提高技术，确保太空旅行的安全性）。
本篇学生习作基本按照题目要求完成了论证，作者具有表达思想的基本能力，但在词汇使用和句型使用方面有不少失当之处，有些地方表达令人费解，因此，其得分被降至5分段。如果该学生稍微注意表达的清晰度和语法的正确性，完全可以达到6分甚至更高分数。
修改后全文
As we all know, people are always curious about space and expecting to travel in space.Now, inspired by space technology, some ambitious explorers have extended their eyes beyond the earth.But there are still a few key problems which may prevent space travel from becoming a reality.So I\'m holding a negative view on the future of space travel.
In modern society, some businemen have built numerous tourist sites for economic benefits, considering little of the ecological balance, so that a lot of damages have been done to the natural environment.Now, universe, a kind of new resource in some people’s eyes, has great potential benefits especially in terms of space tourism, which will certainly attract many profit-seeking businemen.Yet if the space travel is developed on a large scale before we have gained a full understanding of the universe, the ecology of the universe will be seriously upset.Then what is at stake will not be one or two tourist sites, but the entire earth.
As space tourism has just started recently, the security iues of space flight should also be taken into consideration.In the space travel, the tourists must be able to withstand the unbearable loud noise, the
2 overwhelming vibration, the strong radiation, the physiological effect of weightlene, to mention just a few.However, the current science and technology cannot guarantee everything is without risk.Therefore, space tourism may pose great preure on people’s health.Moreover, ordinary paengers are not poibly trained as astronauts, so psychologically and physiologically, they may not be suitable to do space travelling.
To sum up, space travel is detrimental to the universe environment and may have a lot of risks out of our control, so basically I hold a negative view on its future.I think space travel is poible only when we have a better understanding of the universe and meanwhile a strong technological support.众所周知，人们总是对空间好奇，期望在太空中旅行。现在，受太空技术的启发，一些雄心勃勃的探险家们将目光延伸到了地球之外。但仍有一些关键问题可能阻碍太空旅行成为现实。所以我对太空旅行的未来持否定态度。
在现代社会中，一些商人为了经济利益而建造了无数的旅游景点，很少考虑到生态平衡，从而对自然环境造成了很大的损害。现在，宇宙作为一种新的资源，在一些人看来，具有巨大的潜在优势，特别是在空间旅游方面，必将吸引许多营利性商人。然而，如果太空旅行是在我们对宇宙有充分了解之前大规模发展的，那么宇宙的生态将受到严重的破坏。那么，岌岌可危的将不是一个或两个旅游景点，而是整个地球。
航天旅游刚刚起步，航天安全问题也应予以考虑。在太空旅行中，游客必须能够承受不可忍受的喧嚣、压倒的振动、强烈的辐射、失重的生理效应，仅举几例。然而，当前的科学技术不能保证一切都没有风险。因此，太空旅游可能给人们的健康带来巨大的压力。此外，普通乘客不可能被训练为宇航员，因此在心理和生理上，他们可能不适合做太空旅行。
总而言之，太空旅行对宇宙环境是有害的，并且可能有很多风险超出我们的控制，所以基本上我对它的未来持否定态度。我认为只有当我们对宇宙有了更好的了解，同时也有强大的技术支持时，太空旅行才是可能的。
Astronomy helps us understand who we are, where we come from, and where we are going.It’s human nature to wonder about the big questions.It helps giving meaning to our lives.
--Dr.Michael West,astronomer 天文学帮助我们了解我们是谁，我们来自何方，以及我们将走向何方。对这些大问题感到好奇是人类的天性。它有助于赋予我们生命的意义。
3 In January 2018, the British Virgin Galactic consortium spacecraft completed the latest test in which the joint spacecraft succefully separated from the mother ship at 15000 meters and returned to the port by gliding and landing.Virgin Galaxy provides the world\'s cheapest space flight experience, with a trip of only $250 thousand (1 million 600 thousand yuan).More than 700 people have already booked the service.2018年一月，英国维珍银河的联合体太空飞船完成了最新一次的试验，试验中，联合体飞船与母船在15000米高空成功分离，并以滑翔降落的方式成功返回母港。维珍银河提供的堪称世界上最便宜太空飞行体验，一趟行程仅需要25万美元（160万人民币）。目前已经有超过700人预订了这一服务，
Britain\'s billionaire Richard Bryson.Virgin Galactic, founded by Bryson, has been promoting the relatively cheap space tour.250 thousand dollars, Virgin Galactic has sold 680 space tickets.英国亿万富豪理查德·布莱森。布莱森创立的维珍银河公司，则一直大力推广相对廉价的太空游。25万美元，维珍银河公司已卖出680张太空船票。
Reducing the cost is the key to expanding the space tourism market, and the safety risk of space flight can not be ignored.In response to the high risk of space tourism, the Federal Aviation Administration has introduced the first regulations on space tourism, which has not forced the space tourism company to ensure the safety of paengers.The reason is that space tourism is still in its infancy; in space tourism, the body of tourists must be able to pa through At the same time, it must be able to withstand the conditions of strong radiation, long time weightlene and so on, and improve the comfort of the vehicle.It is also an important factor for the development of space tourism.降低费用是扩大太空旅游市场的关键；太空飞行的安全风险依然无法忽视。针对太空旅游的高风险性，美国联邦航空局已出台了第一部针对太空旅游业务的条例，该条例暂时没有强制要求太空旅游公司保证旅客人身安全，理由是太空旅游尚处于起步阶段；在太空旅游的过程中，游客的身体必须要能经受得起火箭起飞时的巨大噪音、振动、过载等种种考验，同时，还必须能够耐受强辐射、长时间失重等状况，提高运载工具的舒适性，也是开拓太空旅游的重要因素。
Although the realization of space tourism still faces many problems, it is still believed that, with the development of space technology, the \"populace\" of space tourism will become a reality in the near future.With the progre of science and technology, space tourism will be more and more close to us.In the near future, the launch capacity of the people will gradually increase, the comfort of the lift will be greatly improved, and with the increase of carrying capacity, large-scale space travel will also be realized.尽管实现太空旅游仍然面临着许多问题，但是，人们依然相信，随着空间技术的发展，在不远的将来，太空旅游“平民化”将成为现实。
4 随着科技的进步，太空旅游会离我们越来越近，在不久的将来，人们的火箭发射能力会逐渐增强，升空的舒适度也会大大提高，并且随着运载能力的提高，大规模太空旅行也将会实现。
Scientists have long planned to launch artificial objects into space, and large artificial celestial bodies can be used for space migration.However, there are still many problems unsolved.With the progre of science and technology, the artificial celestial bodies will certainly become a reality.In the future, a large number of people will immigrate to the artificial celestial bodies, and then they will be able to live in space.科学家早就计划能向空间发射人造天体，庞大的人工天体可以用来进行太空移民，但还存在很多的难题尚未解决。随着科技的进步，人工天体肯定会变成现实，将来将会有大量的人移民到人工天体上去，到时候他们便可以在太空中生活了.Blue Origin CEO Bob Smith recently made a speech in Virginia\'s United States National Space Commiion and revealed that in the next 18 months, Blue Origin scientists will be committed to sending humans into space.These people will not be NASA astronauts, but every ordinary person who is willing to travel to the universe.The carnival of global astronomers.Blue Origin首席执行官Bob Smith近日在弗吉尼亚州的美国国家空间委员会发表演讲并透露，未来18个月内，Blue Origin的科学家将致力与把人类送上太空，这些人不会是NASA的宇航员，而是每一个愿意前往宇宙旅行的普通人，这也引起了全球天文爱好者的狂欢。
As early as November 2015, Blue Origin became the first organization to succefully launch a recyclable rocket in the world, and the vehicle for the space trip was its upgraded version of the New Shepard rocket.Blue Origin will also conduct some pilot miions with pilots and scientists next year to ensure the safety of paengers before launching official paenger transport.Previously, the New Shepard rocket has succefully completed its 5 unmanned miion.早在2015年11月，Blue Origin就成为了全球首家成功发射可回收式火箭的机构，此次太空之旅计划的交通工具正是其升级版的New Shepard火箭。在开始正式运送旅客之前，Blue Origin还将在明年与飞行员和科学家完成一些试飞任务，以确保旅客的人身安全。此前，New Shepard火箭已成功完成了5次无人发射任务。
Looking up at the stars, human beings never stop exploring and imagining space.In July 16, 1969, NASA launched the Apollo -11 spacecraft to the moon.This is the first time that mankind has succefully landed on the moon.From then on, the moon is no longer the mythology of Chang\'e.People are curious about space: what kind of experience is space exploration? The question makes many people curious.仰望星辰，人类对太空的探索与想象从未停止。
1969年7月16日，美国宇航局发射“阿波罗-11”号飞船登录月球，这是人类首次成功登月。从此，登月不再是嫦娥的神话。
人们对太空充满好奇：太空探险是一种什么样的体验？这个问题令许多人好奇不已。
There is a five year old child who has lit his dream journey to the stars since his grandmother gave him a book about space flight.Later, he took part in the 4 space miion, including 3 spacewalks, and completed the installation of the U.S.\"fate\" laboratory and the international space station.He worked and lived in space for 33 days.This is the NASA senior astronaut Tom Jones.
5 有一个五岁的孩子，因为祖母给了他一本介绍太空飞行的书，从此点燃了他通往星空的梦想之旅。后来他参与了4次太空任务，其中进行了3次太空行走，完成了美国“命运号”实验室与国际空间站的安装连接工作。他共在太空中工作、生活了33天。这便是NASA资深宇航员汤姆·琼斯。
Space travel is ideal for people to travel in space.Space travel gives people a hitherto unknown experience.The most novel is that you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of space.At the same time you also can enjoy the taste of weightlene.In the near future,People may go to space travel.Advantages of space travel is as follows.1.space travel provides a new space for human living 2.To provide people with new energy 3.To help people better understand the universe 4.Space research is good for other areas Although Space travel is beautiful It has disadvantages.At first it costs too much.Secondly the idea of Human live on other planets is unrealistic.At last Space travel is dangerous.As for me,all these problems will certainly be solved Step by step.A much better and brighter future waits for us.太空旅行是基于人们遨游太空的理想,太空旅行给人一种前所未有的体验,最新奇的是你可以观赏太空美丽的风光,同时还可以享受失重的味道.在不久的将来,人们可能到太空去旅行.太空旅行的优势如下：
1、太空旅行提供人类居住的新场所.
2、给人类提供新能源
3、帮助人们更好的了解宇宙
4、太空研究对其他领域有好处
太空旅行虽然美好,但是它有优势也有劣势.首先它花费太多,其次人类住在其他行星上的想法不切实际,最后太空旅游有危险.就我看来,所有这些问题都肯定会逐步得到解决,一个更加美好更加灿烂的未来在等待着我们.People are curious and poeive, especially poeive.It wants to occupy the resources and space of the whole universe.The first is to understand the evolution of the universe and its various physical phenomena and procees.Two, understand the status and significance of human beings and earth creatures in the universe.Three, develop various space technologies and apply them to various fields.Four, the exploration and poeion of various space resources; Five, make use of the extreme environment of space to carry out various scientific and technological tests.Six, show the state\'s advanced and powerful; 人是有好奇心的而且有欲望尤其是占有欲。想占有整个宇宙的资源和空间。 意义一，了解宇宙演化及其中的各种物理现象和过程； 二，了解人类和地球生物在宇宙中的地位及意义； 三，发展各种太空技术并将其运用到各个领域； 四，探索和占有各种太空资源；
五，利用太空的极端环境进行各种科学和技术试验； 六，显示国家的先进和强大；
6 Decades of space exploration has greatly promoted human technologies in weather forecasting, computer and medicine, such as medical scanners, fetal heart monitors, and insulin pumps.Each of these advanced instruments has been related to space development.In fact, space technology is closely related to our daily life.According to a list of NASA, more than 700 applications of space exploration have been applied to people\'s daily life.The application of space science and technology in modern medicine is remarkable: laser angiography, new generation of cardiac pacemaker, infrared thermometer, thermal induced video instrument (no surgery can determine the disease in the human body), blood analyzer and so on.Now, the world\'s major hospitals have intensive care units, which is one of the most important applications of space technology.Various devices in the ICU were used to monitor the astronauts\' physical condition in space in the 60s of last century.Technological revolution in aerospace technology is indispensable for us today.Portable computers are one of them.When the United States implemented the lunar landing plan, it needed a small portable computer system to monitor space travel.The prototype of portable computers was born.Perhaps, even if human beings do not make efforts to go to the moon, all kinds of high technology including information technology will develop, but the development speed is much slower than now.Although the United States and other countries have invested a lot of human resources and material resources for the development of space technology, the resulting highly developed computer technology is enough to repay the cost of investment.Although the original goal of many new technologies in space technology is not to be applied on the earth, they have finally become the means to benefit mankind.For example, to study the consequences of exposure to strong radiation and to find ways to avoid radiation damage to the blood of astronauts, and to find ways to treat leukemia, anemia and other blood diseases.The knowledge that the space science and technology brings to the world is rich, and the influence is profound.Transforming the space science and technology into the practical industrial productivity and transforming into the commercial and civil technology should be the goal of the common effort of the human beings.几十年的太空探索极大地推动了人类在天气预报、计算机、医学等方面的技术，如医学扫描仪、胎儿心脏监视器、胰岛素泵，这些先进仪器的每一次更新换代都与航天发展有关。
实际上，航天科技与我们的日常生活息息相关。根据美国航天局的一份名单，太空探索所取得的成果中共有700多项应用于人们的日常生活。
航天科技在现代医学中的应用令人瞩目：激光血管造影术、新一代心脏起搏器、红外线温度计、热感应视频仪(不需要手术就可以确定人体内的病变情况)、血液分析仪等。现在，世界各大医院都设有重症监护病房，这是航天科技最重要的应用之一。重症监护病房中的各种设备，上世纪60年代时是用采监测在太空遨游的宇航员的身体状况的。
航天科技中的技术革命更是我们今天不可或缺的。便携式电脑就是其中之一。美国当年实施登月计划时，需要一种体积小的便携式计算机系统来监控太空旅行，便携式电脑的雏形就此诞生。或许，即使人类不努力登上月球，包括信息技术在内的各种高科技也会得到发展，但发展速度要比现在慢很多。尽管美国和其他国家为发展航天科技投入了大量人力物力财力，但由此引发的电脑技术的高度发达足以回报投入的成本。
虽然航天科技中许多新技术的最初目标并不是为了在地球上应用，但它们最后都成为了造福于人类的手段。例如研究人类暴露在强辐射条件下的后果，寻找避免辐射对宇航员的血液造成危害的方法，使人们找到了治疗白血病、贫血等血液疾病的手段。
航天科技带给全世界人们的知识是丰富的，影响是深远的，把航天科技转化为可实施的工业生产力，转化为可以商用民用的技术，应该是人类共同努力的目标。
Is Outer Space Worth Exploring Almost everyday we may see something in the newspaper or on TV about the latest exciting developments in space exploration.There is an immense pride in our science and technology and a sense of its importance for the welfare of mankind.Not everyone , however, shares this feeling.Ever since space research began, it has been criticized as a huge waste of money and other resources, which might be used to help to relieve the suffering of the earth’s starving millions.It has also been felt that the space program might lead to the total destruction of the earth.Despite these disadvantages and potential dangers, the advantages are far greater.We have already succeeded in using satellites for communications, weather forecast and oil exploration and with further space research, more problems we are having now can be solved.For instance, with the succe of space shuttles and the feasibility of living in other planets, we may solve the population problem on the earth.Space projects will also enable us to find a few chemical elements to cure presently incurable diseases.Space exploration contributes not only to the improvement of the quality of human life, but also to our understanding of the interdependence of all beings; and therefore, of the need to take better care of each other.外层空间值得探索
几乎每天我们都可以在报纸上或电视上看到关于太空探索最新的令人兴奋的进展。我们的科学技术有着巨大的自豪感和对人类福祉的重要意义。
然而，并不是每个人都有这种感觉。自从太空研究开始以来，它就被批评为金钱和其他资源的巨大浪费，这可能被用来帮助缓解地球上饥饿的数百万人的痛苦。也有人认为太空计划可能导致地球的彻底毁灭。 尽管存在这些缺点和潜在的危险，但其优势要大得多。我们已经成功地利用卫星进行通信、天气预报和石油勘探，而且随着太空研究的深入，我们现在所面临的更多问题可以得到解决。例如，随着航天飞机的成功和在其他星球上生存的可行性，我们可以解决地球上的人口问题。太空项目也将使我们能够找到一些化学元素来治愈目前的不治之症。
太空探索不仅有助于人类生活质量的提高，而且也有助于我们理解所有生物的相互依存关系，因此也有助于更好地照顾彼此。
