四级练习
（二）考试时间：
90 分钟
满分：
73 分
Part 1 Skimming and Scanning (Multiple Choice + Blank Filling)
Directions: Read the following paage and then answer the questions.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the paage.
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the same paage or dialog.
Engineers of the Woods
In the forests of North America, where the winters are often long and cold, small lakes can be found along the streams.Sometimes these lakes are natural, sometimes they are man-made, and sometimes they are the constructions of beavers (海狸).You can tell a beaver lake by its dam.To make the dams, the beavers lay sticks and branches on top of each other to form an effective barrier against the water of the stream.Near the dam the beavers lay sticks and branches.Usually this barrier is similar to a small island in a lake.This is the house where a beaver family spends the winter, protecting themselves from enemies and from the cold.The beavers are able to keep dry in the center of the house, which is above water level.The beavers work hard to make their house.They cut down trees, gather branches and put them together with mud.Most of the summer is spent on this kind of work, but in winter the beavers\' work pays off.Their house protects them from bears as well as the cold.The beaver is related to animals such as rats and mice.The beaver, however, is much bigger than his relatives.An adult beaver may weigh more than 50 pounds, and his body may be about three feet long.His tail will add ten to twelve more inches to his length.His back feet are webbed, which help him swim rapidly.His front feet are similar to a pair of strong hands.With them he can carry wood and stones.His eyes, nose and ears are small, but he has two huge front teeth.These teeth are always growing, and he must keep them sharp by constant use.The teeth of an adult beaver are yellow from the bark of trees that he bites.Men attach great value to the beaver because beavers can be sold to make expensive clothing.Beavers have almost disappeared from Europe because trappers (设阱捕兽者) have killed so many of them.Beavers might easily have become extinct in America, too, but laws were paed to protect them before they were all killed.The beaver likes family life, and lives with the same mate all his life.Several young—usually two to five—are born every year.The little beavers stay with their parents for two years before mating and setting out on their own.They share the work of building dams, constructing homes and raising the young.When there are too many beavers in one place, some of them will group together in another place.They usually choose a spot near some fairly deep lake or river, where there are trees.The bark of trees is eaten as food.Then the wood is used for building.Sometimes the lodges are built on the bank of the water, but usually they are built on an island in the water.If there is no island already there, the beavers make one by piling sticks and mud on the bed of the river until the top is a few inches above the level of the water.The top 1 is carpeted with small pieces of wood leaves.A roof of sticks and lots of mud is then built over this \"floor\".Food for the winter is taken to the lodge before the weather gets too cold.Some of it—the larger pieces—is stored on the bottom of the lake or river, near the entrance to a tunnel leading up to the lodge.There are sometimes several such entrances, under the surface of the water.Wood that is kept under water may be stuck in the mud, or weighted down with stones.Beavers prefer to work at night.One beaver, on a single night, can cut down a tree that is eight inches around.After cutting down the tree, the beaver cuts the trunk into pieces that can be carried.He uses these as the base for the dam.A small dam may be enlarged after several years, in order to flood a large surface and provide living space for more beavers.Under favorable conditions, a dam may last for a hundred years or more.Naturally, other animals use these dams as bridges, forcing the beavers to keep the dams in good repair.The dams must be strong enough to hold up against the preure of ice in spring and sometimes, holes are made by the beavers, after heavy rains, to allow exce water to run off.Another type of work beavers do is canal digging.When they have used up the good trees near their home, they must bring more wood from farther away.To accomplish this, they may dig a canal (运河) to float the trees to the place where they are needed.Beaver dams help people because they prevent floods and bring water to farms.It is fortunate that these animals have not been allowed to disappear completely. 1.The stick and branch dams made by beavers are similar to ________________. A.houses where people spend the winter B.small islands in a lake C.barriers against the water of the stream D.dams that are man-made 2.Beavers spend most of the summer ________________. A.hiding from bears B.making their house C.keeping cold D.looking for mice and rats 3.To help it swim quickly, a beaver has ________________. A.small ears B.strong front feet C.a long tail D.webbed back feet 4.________________ have (has) protected beavers from becoming extinct. A.Family life B.Europe C.Laws D.Trappers 5.Beavers usually choose to live ________________. 2 A.in one place B.near some deep lakes or rivers with food C.near some deep lakes or rivers with trees D.near the dams of rivers 6.On the bottom of the lake or river, beavers store ________________. A.large pieces of food B.small pieces of wood leaves C.wood and stones D.sticks and lots of mud 7.In only one night, a beaver can ________________. A.build a small dam B.cut down a tree C.repair a dam D.make more living space 8.9.
10.
Preventing floods and bringing water to farms are two ways that beaver dams .Beavers dig canals to from the places farther away to the places where they are needed.After heavy rains, beavers make holes in the dam to let exce water .Part 2 Understanding Short Conversations
(Each item: 1) Directions:In this section you\'ll hear some short conversations.Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
11
A.Bill took drugs. B.Bill exercised a lot. C.Bill grew new muscles. D.Bill had a new coach.12
A.He was able to exercise every day after work. B.He cannot count the ways his life has changed. C.Others have asked him how he\'s gotten healthy. D.People have changed their attitude toward him.13
A.Healthy vegetables are very expensive for some people. B.The woman doesn\'t have a good excuse not to exercise. 3 C.Running outside is the best way for a person to exercise. D.Healthy living isn\'t something to make excuses for.14
A.Taking a new pill. B.Going on a diet. C.Listening to news reports. D.Replacing exercise.1
5 A.60%. B.30%. C.70%. D.50%.16
A.Mother and son. B.Brother and sister. C.Father and daughter. D.Husband and wife.17
A.He started a new program. B.He stopped exercising. C.He feels very tired. D.He was ill last month.18
A.Begin swimming. B.Start weight lifting. C.Look at herself differently. D.Eat better to lose weight.
Part 3 Understanding Long Conversations
Directions:In this section you\'ll hear a long conversation or conversations.Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
Questions 19 to 23 are based on the same paage or dialog.19
A.How water-dense foods can help you lose weight. B.What fruits and vegetables have in common. C.Why one should eat foods with fewer calories. D.Where people get most of their calories. 20
A.They are rich in taste. B.They give calories for energy. C.They contain many calories. 4 D.They contain a lot of water. 21
A.A sandwich. B.A bowl of soup. C.A salad. D.Some fruit. 22
A.Eating only when hungry. B.Eating foods low in calories. C.Getting one\'s water from food. D.Filling up one\'s stomach with water. 23
A.They are convenient. B.They are low in calories. C.They cost more. D.They leave you hungry.
Questions 24 to 28 are based on the same paage or dialog.24
A.Boyfriend and girlfriend. B.Husband and wife. C.Father and daughter. D.Mother and son. 25
A.Find girlfriends easily. B.Talk to the woman quite often. C.Exercise according to a program. D.Sing the song All You Need is Love. 26
A.He\'s always feeling sorry for himself. B.He\'s too fat to be attractive for girls. C.He\'s always too busy exercising. D.He won\'t go anywhere with a girlfriend. 27
A.Finding love. B.Losing weight. C.Exercising. D.Working. 5
28
A.Finding love is not as important as losing weight. B.Feeling sorry for yourself will not help you find love. C.Being thin and exercising are important in finding love. D.Getting a girlfriend is impoible for fat people.
Part 4 Understanding Paages
Directions:In this section you\'ll hear a paage or paages.Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
Questions 29 to 33 are based on the same paage or dialog.29
A.How to beat a bad mood. B.How to do physical exercise. C.How to talk bad moods out. D.How to be involved in physical exercise. 30
A.To have enough rest. B.To do some housework. C.To take drugs. D.To talk it out. 31
A.They are the most effective. B.They are useful but aren\'t best. C.They are only what doctors like. D.They are ineffective. 32
A.Swimming. B.Doing housework. C.Cooking. D.Washing. 33
A.Three to five times a week. B.Twenty minutes a week. C.No le than three times a week. D.No more than five times a week.
Questions 34 to 38 are based on the same paage or dialog.34
A.Lower cost for buying bicycles. B.Cars being left at home these days. C.More knowledge about bicycles. D.The need to keep the environment clean. 35
A.People want to save time. B.Bicycles are not convenient. C.People trust themselves with cars. D.People are sure of their driving skills. 36
A.They need to leave their cars at home. B.They need to have more knowledge about bicycles. C.They need to do more physical exercise. D.They need to live in the center of the city. 37
A.80%. B.8%. C.18%. D.10%. 38
A.The choice between bicycles and cars. B.Exercises and bicycles. C.Environmental problems. D.Short trips and long trips.
Part 5 Compound Dictation
Directions:In this section you will hear a paage or paages three times.When the paage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the paage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the information you have just heard.Finally, when the paage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Questions 39 to 48 are based on the same paage or dialog. An elderly woman yesterday made an official claim against a department store.She did so because it had wrongly said she was 39.------------ a Christmas card.Mrs.Do White, 71 years old, is claiming 40.--------------
in damages from the store for improper procedure.In addition, she\'s taking them to court for their 41.------------
charges.Mrs.White visited the store while doing Christmas 42.------------
but did not buy anything.She was 43.-------------
through the town by a store manager.He had been told that a 44.-------------
saw her take a card and put it in her shopping bag.He 45.--------------
her at a bookstore as she was 7 reading a book.Mrs.White said, \"This man, a total stranger, suddenly 46.---------------- .\" She was taken back to the store and 47.---------- until the police arrived.At the police station she was body-searched by a policewoman and nothing was found.Her lawyer said that 48.---------------------
and they insisted that she may have been stealing.The hearing continues today.
Part 6 Reading Comprehension (Banked Cloze)
Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following paage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank.You may not use any of the words more than once.
caculated
interfer
accumulated
impact
balanced
digest equaled
absorb
recommended
ratio
striking
rate tend
substance
incline
How can you help yourself be at your best when you exercise? The answer is to get a high 49.------------ of iron-rich foods in your diet.When people take part in activities like running, they 50.-----------
to lose iron.It is important for your body to 51.-------------
red meats to get the iron you need.It is also eential that you remember to keep your diet 52.------------------ and healthy.You can do this by also including grains, which can be found in cereals as well as eating green vegetables.You should also remember that some foods could 53.--------------
with your body absorbing vitamins and minerals.This includes coffee or tea, which contain 54.------------
that are not good for you.Most people should sip on something before, during and after they exercise to replace the water in their bodies.Water and juice are 55.--------------
instead of sodas and coffee.
Many have found that modifying their diet has really had a positive 56.---------------
on their performance.\"I used to exercise all the time, but my endurance never really improved,\" said one athlete.\"Even though I was slender and not overweight, I contacted a physician.Together we 57.------------------ the amounts of protein, vitamins and minerals I was getting.The improvement in my performance was 58.-------------------- after I changed what I was eating.The most important thing is that I am getting more iron.\"
Directions:Read the following paages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Questions 59 to 63 are based on the same paage or dialog.
Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as \"beri-beri\" (脚气病), which used to affect large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice.In the early years of the 20th century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri.At first he thought it was transmitted (传送) by a germ (细菌).He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the external husk (壳) removed from the grain, called \"white rice.\" It was thought this would be 8 easier for weak, sick people to digest.
Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps (碎片) from the patients\' plates, were also showing signs of the disease.He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ruled that the huskle polished rice was too good for chickens.The chickens should be fed cheap rice with the external covering still on the grain, called \"brown rice.\" Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet.He began to consider the poibility that eating brown rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease.Indeed this was the case.The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as Vitamin B.The white rice, though more expensive, was keeping alive the disease the hospital was trying to cure.
59 From the context, what do you think the author mentions in the paragraph that is just before this first paragraph? A.One example of the importance of vitamins. B.One example of the benefits of eating healthy foods. C.One example of the dangers of a restricted diet. D.One example of the benefits of various vitamins.
60 The disease \"beri-beri\" ________. A.kills large numbers of Western peoples B.is a vitamin deficiency disease C.is transmitted by diseased rice D.can be caught from diseased chickens
61 The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard ________. A.couldn\'t digest the huskle rice B.proved beri-beri is transmitted by germs C.were later cooked for the patients\' food D.were suffering from vitamin deficiency
62 Huskle, white rice ________. A.was cheaper than brown rice B.was le beneficial to the body than brown rice C.was more beneficial to the body than brown rice D.cured beri-beri
63 The ingredient miing from white rice ________. A.was Vitamin B B.did not affect the chickens C.was named the Eijkman vitamin D.has never been accurately identified 9
Questions 64 to 68 are based on the same paage or dialog.
A department store\'s inputs include the land upon which the building is located; the labor of the employees; capital in the form of building, equipment and products they sell; and the management skills of the store managers.On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a farmer\'s inputs (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are changed into such outputs (产出) as corn, wheat or milk.The exact proce is different from industry to industry, but it is an economic phenomenon that exists in every industry.Economists refer to this change of resources into goods and services as the production function.For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the individual inputs.To the consumers, the resulting products offer usefulne due to the form, the time, or the place they are available.
However, the proce is subject to unpredictable fluctuations (波动).Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to be different from planned output.Unpredictable fluctuations can arise from external problems (fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from internal problems that are part of the proce that change them into useful goods.Variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human mistakes all affect output quality.In fact, unpredictable variations are the rule rather than the exception in the production procees; therefore, reducing variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback (反馈) is to provide information connection.Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don\'t know the results of their directions.
64 What is included in a store\'s inputs? A.Its equipment. B.Its workers. C.Its managers. D.Its departments.
65 Which of the following is a farmer\'s output? A.Operation system. B.Wheat and corn. C.His labor. D.Transformation.
66 The production function is ________. A.the random fluctuation that can be eliminated B.the transformation of resources into other things C.the goods and services that are used by people D.the value added to items that have been transformed 67.
A.Quality of output will always be reduced some.What is the effect of unplanned or uncontrollable influences? 10 B.Actual output can be different from planned output. C.Random fluctuations can arise from external sources. D.New rules can be put in place to manage them.
68 What is the effect of not having feedback? A.Management has new tasks to accomplish. B.Management has trouble reducing variation. C.Management cannot control operations. D.Management cannot give instructions.
Part 8 Cloze (with four choices provided)
Directions:Read the following paage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank.
Questions 69 to 88 are based on the following paage. People with back problems can benefit from exercise.Examples of exercise that are 69.---------- include walking, swimming and riding an exercise bicycle.Many people 70.---------
the wrong thing about exercise.They think that balance and movement problems are 71.---------
with age.Exercise can help older adults improve strength and balance and, 72.----------
them from tiring easily.It has been proved that even a low level of exercise can 73.---------
the risk of falls.In addition, elderly people with regular exercises have showed significant improvement in the 74.-------------
of their hearts and quality-of-life measurements.They enjoy an increased 75.------------
of control over their lives. 76.----------- , evidence suggests that exercise has an added benefit.It increases your body\'s 77.----------------
of molecules called endorphins that fight pain and increase happine.The body\'s production of this 78.------------
has an effect anyone can enjoy.It creates the well-known feeling 79.----------------
exercise called \"runner\'s high\".Exercise should be 80.----------- for 30 or more minutes in order to keep the heart rate elevated (提高).People with back pain should 81.--------------- an exercise program that is low-impact.It is also important to 82.--------------
your muscles before beginning exercise activity.Also you should 83.----------
the amount of exercise you do.Do this 84.-------- your actual physical condition.Here are two exercise 85.---------- that are gentle on the back: Walking for exercise: Typically, walking two to three miles three times 86.------------ week is very helpful for people with back problems.An exercise bicycle: Using an exercise bicycle is also 87.------------.It may be le 88.-------------
for the back.Exercising in water: Doing exercise in water is good for conditioning.
11 69.A.compatible B.durable C.agreeable 70.A.consume B.aume C.fancy 71.A.acceptable B.suitable C.inevitable 72.A.prevent B.avoid C.hinder 73.A.reduce B.shorten C.moderate 74.A.shape B.position C.situation 75.A.sense B.concern C.mood 76.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Furthermore 77.A.reduction B.production C.construction 78.A.content B.substance C.material 79.A.during B.while C.when 80.A.select B.specify C.collect 81.A.stable B.steady C.continuious 82.A.extend B.lengthon C.expand 83.A.restrain B.moderate C.adapt 84.A.according to B.due to C.because of 85.A.orders B.patterns C.customs 86.A.for B.in C.per 87.A.effective B.efficient C.adequate 88.A.streed B.streful C.tense
Part 9 Translation from Chinese into English
following the instructions) given in the brackets.89.
D.advisable D.imagine D.considerable D.forbid D.weaken D.condition D.view D.Instead D.creation D.mater D.as
D.determine D.continual D.stretch D.modify D.in spite of D.programs D.of D.fruitful D.intense Directions:Translate the following Chinese into English, using the expreions (or 她对100位不锻炼的妇女做了两年研究，这些妇女年龄在30至60岁之间，均显示出缺铁的症状。
90.91.
因此铁质补剂对有些人来说有时是必要的。92.高强度的耐力运动可能导致铁质流失，(result in)
93.主席的工作是介绍各发言人并在会议结束时作总结。(sum up) 如果育龄妇女拒绝食牛肉、羊肉，她们流失铁质的危险就更大。
由五个大学的教授组成的小组所进行的研究表明，即使是适度的锻炼，也可能会降低女性血液中的铁质含量。
