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英语八年级下人教新课标课本知识点总结

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八年级(下)英语知识讲解A

Unit 1 I.词汇 ·more,le,fewer ·I don’t agree.= I disagree.·I agree (agree with sb).·in five years(五年之后) on computer ·on paper ·besides ·on vacation ·many different kinds of ·no more

·be free ·live in ·as a reporter ·free time ·fall in love with … ·like doing sth

·keep a parrot·look smart ·be able to do….·Are you kidding?/ come true II.Grammar: ·一般将来时

语法小结:

一、一般将来时

1.用be doing表示将来:主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位置转移的动词。 如:go,come,leave,arrive等,也可用于其他动作动词。

We are having fish for dinner.

We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语,如果不带时间状语,则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。

A: Where are you going?

B: I am going for a walk.Are you coming with me? A: Yes,I am just coming.Wait for me.2.用be going to do表示将来:主要意义,一是表示―意图‖,即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。

Are you going to post that letter?

How long is he going to stay here? I am going to book a ticket.另一意义是表示―预见‖,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。

It’s going to rain.George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3.用will/ shall(用于

在工作日里,我会看上去很精神,也许会穿一身套装。 1) during表示―在……期间‖,during the week是介词短语,意为―在工作日里‖。

2) look表示―看上去‖,用作连系动词,其后接形容词作表语。

eg.That dog looks dangerous.那只狗看起来很危险。 3) wear表示―穿‖,表示状态,用一般现在时表示经常状态.She is wearing a new coat.

put on是―穿上‖,―戴上‖的意思,强调动作

eg.She put on a red coat and went out.

她穿上红色大衣出去了。

注意:put on是一时的动作,不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。

他整天戴着草帽。 误:He puts on a hat all day.正:He wears a hat all day.

11.What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样? 1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样,相当于How is the weather?

Unit 2 What should I do?

【单元目标】

1.重点单词单词与短语

1.want sb.to do sth.2.play one’s stereo3 stay at home 4.argue with sb 5.be out of style 6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone 9.surprise sb.10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth.from sb.13.ask sb.for sth14.have a bake sale 15.find out16.be upset 17.call… up 18.the same as 19.get on well with sb.20.return sth.21.have a fight with sb./fight with sb/ 22.from…to…23.drop off 24.prepare for 25.after-school clubs

26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road

2.目标句型:

1.What should I do? 2.Why don’t you…? 3.You could do sth 4.You should do sth 5.You shouldn’t do sth.

3、重要短语和表达法(Key Words) 1)① either adv.(用于否定句)也

② too 也(用于肯定或疑问句) 2)except 除……以外;(不包括……在内) besides除……以外;(包括……在内)

3)get sb.to do… 使……做(以人为对象时,有―说服……使做……‖的含义)

He could get a tutor to come to his home.他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。

4)ask sb.to do… 邀请(人)做…… 5) tell sb.to do…让某人做某事 例如:

6)be in style 时髦的,流行的

4、课文解释

1、call sb.(up) =give sb.a call 给某人打电话

2、write sb.a letter = write a letter to sb.给某人写信

3、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券

4、find out (研究、努力的结果)发现,查出,找出

5、Everyone else in my cla was invited except me.句中else一词不能单独使用,必须跟在不定代词像―someone, anyone nobody‖等词的后面,

6、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。(宾语从句陈述语气)

7、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧,不知该干什么。

8、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。

Leave sth.+介词短语,是―把……忘在,落在(某处)的意思。

9、You should try to be funny.你应该试着幽默一些。 Try to do…努力做,试着做,尽量做

而try not to do 是尽量不做……

10、Their school days are busy enough.他们的学校生活是够忙的。

Enough作副词必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示―足够……的‖,而作形容词放到名词前面后面均可。

eg.He is tall enough to reach that apple.他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。

11、be under too much preure.在太多的压力下

12、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事

see sb.doing 看见某人正在干某事

see sb do sth 看到某人做某事(事情的全过程)

13、find it hard to do sth.发现做……(事)很难

He found it hard to learn math well.他发现学好数学很难 Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 【单元目标】

1.重点短语

1.get out (of)/get into 2.in front of / in the front of 3.take off 4.buy sth fo sbr 5.land on

6.shout to / at 7.run away 8.come in 9.hear about /of 10.happen to 11.take place 12.stop doing(停止做某事)/to do(停止做某事,又去做另一件事)13.as...as 14.think of/about sth 2.目标句型:

1.What were you doing when...?

2.I was doing sth.when...3.How about.../ What about...?

4.What happened next?5.While sth./sb.was doing sth., I did...3.重点词汇

1).cut v.切;剪;割

cut (one’s)hair 理发 2).while conj.当……的时候;在……之时

3).right adv.正好;恰好;在右边

adj.正确的;右边的

4).surprised adj.惊奇的;吃惊的

5).anywhere adv.到处;无论哪里(用于否定句和一般疑问句中) 6).happen 发生 (不及物动词)

sth.happen to +名词 发生于……身上

7).at the doctor's 在诊所;在医院

在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时,经常用名词所有格的形式。

Mr.Cool’s = Mr.Cool’s clothes store

at Jason’s = at Jason’s store

She is staying at Mary's.她住在玛莉家。 I want to go to the tailor’s.我想到裁缝店去一趟。 4.词语辨析

1)、in front of 与in(at) the front of

in front of 在……的前面 (表示―有距离的前面‖,在一个参照物的前面)

e.g.: There is a car in front of the house.房子前日面有一辆车

in(at) the front of 在……的前头,前排(列)(在一个范围内的前面部位)

eg. She sat in the front of the bus.她坐在公交车的前排

2)、be amazing与be amazed

be amazing 令人惊奇的(修饰事物的,指某事令人惊奇,比surprising更具意外性

be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)(某人)对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语)

3)、be surprising与 be surprised 同amazing/amazed 4)、in a tree(在树上)与 on a tree (长在树上) 5)、the flight(名词) to New York 与 fly(动词) to New York

6).look for 寻找(强调找的―过程‖) find 找到(强调找的―结果‖)

5.课文解释:

1).I followed it to see where it was going

follow sb.to do sth.跟随…去做…

2).say to sb.对某人说话 say to oneself 自言自语

3).It was difficult to get out of bed.从床爬起来很难。

It is difficult/hard/easy to do sth.做某事很难。

4).be killed 被杀害 be destroyed by… 被……摧毁…… 5).walk home together in silence 沉默着一起走回家

in silence 状语(状态)

6).Not all events in history are as terrible as this.

Not all 并不是所有的(部分否定)

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 【单元目标】 1.单词与短语

first of all /pa on/ be supposed to do/ do better(well)in(=be good at) /be in good health

report card /get over/open up /care for/have a party for sb./be mad at sb 2.目标句型:直接引语与间接引语 3.词汇学习

1).not …anymore adv.再;还(用于否定句) He doesn't come here anymore.

2).However+形容词 adv.无论如何

He can answer the question however hard it is不管问题有多难他都能回答。

3).get mad 变疯;变得着迷

get+形容词 4).get over 恢复,克服困难 Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗? 4.重点句型分析

1).bring some books to her house.给她带来一些书 bring sth.to 从(远处)带来,拿来(到近处) 而其反义词为:take… to ―从(近处)拿(走)到(远处)

eg.Could you bring some water to me? Please take the chair to Jim’s room.

2).pa this meage to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人

pa sth.to sb 把某物传递给某人

eg.She said she would pa the dictionary to Tom. 5.课文解析

1).I finished my end –of –year exams last week.我上周结束了期末考试。 finish sth.(doing sth.)

2).I had a really hard time with science this semester.这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。

3).It’s not right to copy other’s homework.抄袭别人的作业是不对的。

It’s right for sb to do…

4).She said it was much better if she din her own work.much +比较级,意思是―…得多‖

5).Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you.在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。

此句中may+ 动词原形,表示―可能……‖ /sound like +名词,意思为―听起来像……‖

6).Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in China’s rural areas.

每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书。

send …to …派,送…到…

7).Her village was 2000 meters above(在…上面) sea level.她的村庄位于海拔2千米。

8).the thin air made her feel sick make sb.do 使某人干某事(此处只能用动词原形,不能+to)

9).I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world. 我能开阔学生们的视野,把他们带到外部世界。

10).I can’t do anything about that.我对于那件事无能为力。

6.词语辨析

1.hard working 与work hard

前者是形容词,可作表语、定语;如:a hard-working student ; He is hard-working.

后者是一个动词短语,―努力工作‖hard 是副词,修饰动作work.eg.Alice works hard.

2.forget to do 与forget doing… 前者是―忘记做……‖(to do 表示将来的动作)

后者是―忘记曾做……‖(通常与will, shall, never连用) Unit 5 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time! 【单元目标】 Ⅰ.单词与短语

All the time/in order to do/have a party /go to college/be famous for /in fact/ too much/get exercise /travel around the world /work hard /wear jeans/get an education /get(=be )injured/go back home(=return home)/laugh at sb

Ⅱ.句型结构

1.If you do, you’ll… 2.I’m going to …3.Don’t you want to …? 4.Don’t you think … ? Ⅲ.重点难点分析

1.too much 和 much too too much 后接不可数名词,意思是―……太多了(数量多)‖;much too后接形容词,意思是―太……(程度深)‖ 2.be famous for 和 be famous as be famous for表示―因……而出名‖, for后接表示出名的原因;be famous as则表示―以……身份而著名‖,as 后接职业、身份或地位,表示作为……职业、身份或地位是著名的,如:

France is famous for its fine food and wine.法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。

France is famous as a romantic country. 法国作为一个浪漫的国家而出名。

3.reasons for becoming a profeional athlete 赞同成为一名职业运动员的理由 for prep.(表示赞成、支持),其反义词为against prep.反对,与…对抗

注意:介词后面用名词或动词ing的形式

5.begin the story with the words.以这些话开头讲这个故事。 begin … with… ―以…开始

6.take away 运走,取走

12.make a living 谋生 13.make money 挣钱

7.let in 允许……进入,嵌入

Ⅳ.课文详解

1.For many young people, becoming a profeional athlete might seem like a dream job.might (表示可能性,推测) might do 或许,说不定(一般表示比may 较低的可能性) seem like+ 名词 好像…,似乎…

2.You'll be able to make a living doing something you love.你能做你喜欢的事来谋生。

be able to +动词原形,―有能力做某事‖

3.You'll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。

who your real friends are是一个宾语从句,它作knowing一词的宾语,这是一种―特殊疑问词+陈述语序的‖宾语从句。 e.g.I don’t know where he is from.我不知道他来自哪里。

特殊疑问词+陈述语序

Can you tell me how old he is? 你能告诉我他多大吗? how old he is是宾语从句。 Ⅴ.词语辨析

1.get to 与arrive

get to 与arrive均为―到达‖之意。 ①get to后面接名词,e.g.get to Shanghai/New York

但―到达这里/那里‖则为get here/ get there。因为here和there为副词,所以它们前面不加to。 ②arrive是不及物动词,它后面不能直接跟名词,必须与介词in(+大地点)/或at(+小地点)连用之后+名词。

―到达这里/那里‖则改为arrive here/ there ―到家‖则为‖arrive home‖因为here, there, home均为副词,所以不加in/at。 2.join和take part in

join与take part in均为―参加‖之意,是动词 ①但join后面跟一个组织,政党,社团,团体等,―参加并成为其中一名成员‖

eg.join the Party 入党

join the League入团

另外,join sb.是―参加到某人的行列‖之意

eg.Won’t you join us in a tennis match? 你不想参加我们网球比赛吗? ②take part in (动词短语)指参加(某种活动)

eg.Are you going to take part in the discuion? 你要参加讨论吗?

He took part in the speech competition? 他参加了演讲比赛。

Did they take part in that meeting last Monday? 他们上周一参加那次会了吗?

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 【单元目标】 Ⅰ.重点短语

not at all /turn down/right away /wait in line/cut in line/keep

down/at first/break the rule/put out /put on /pick up/even if

Ⅱ.目标句型:

1.Would you mind doing…? 2.Do you mind doing…?3.Could / Can / Will / May you please do…? 4.Would you mind not doing…?5.Not at all.I’ll do it right away.6.Sorry,I’ll do it right away 7.Please do / don’t… 8.You’d better do…

Ⅲ.重点句型 1.get的用法

get on / get off ( a / the bus,train,boat,plane) 上/下(公共汽车、火车、船、飞机)如: he got on / off the bus quickly.

get on还可以表示为:相处融洽、继续。如:

Get on with your work! 继续工作吧!

I get on well with all my clamates.get的其它的用法: (1)表示―到达,抵达‖,如果后接表示到达某地的名词,get后面要接介词to,如果get后接的是地点副词就可以直接在get后使用。 如:

She got there at six.

(2)get sth.done使;受;让人做好;经历;让;做(该做的事) 如:

I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.我得把盘子洗了,然后就来。

I must get the television fixed.我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。

(3)get与宾语+形容词连用,其意思是―使某物/某人成为‖

如:

I got my feet wet.我把脚弄湿了。

It's time to get the kids ready for school.该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。

(4)get+形容词

成为

如: The food's getting cold.菜凉了。 (5)获得,取得

如: I must get some fruit in the market.我得在市场上买点水果。

Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf? 【单元目标】 Ⅰ.单词与短语

fall asleep /give away /rather than /hear of /suggest/take an interest in/make friends with/take care of /fall asleep/rather than/give away

Ⅱ.目标句型:

1.What should I get for sb…? 2.How abou/What aboutt sth./doing sth.? 3.How do you like sth.? 4.They’re too expensive/cheap/personal… 5.Great! /Good idea!/OK….I’ll get/buy…6.My best gift is… 7.It’s good for sb.to do… 8.It can make sb….9.Too…to结构10.Why don’t you do sth?.=Why not do sth? 【重点词汇】

1.improve

作不及物动词,表示―改进,改善‖ 例如: His work is improving slowly.也可作及物动词,表示―使某物改进,改善‖。例如: He studies harder to improve his English.

他更加努力提高英语水平了。

2.remember

v.记住,记起

I can’t remember your name.

remember doing sth表示―记得做某事‖;动名词doing具有完成的意义

remember to do sth表示―记住去做某事‖;不定式to do表示未做的动作 3.too…to,这个短语虽然是肯定的形式,但是表达的是否定的意思:―太…以至于(不能)…‖。如:He is too old to work.

4.spend…on sth 在…上花(时间或金钱) spend…(in) doing sth.花(时间或金钱等)做某事。 Sth cost sb +钱

; pay for

5.instead

代替,替代

作副词,常放在句首或句末 It’s too hot to walk,we’ll go swimming instead.

太热不宜散步,我们改去游泳。

instead of后跟名词、代词或动名词,表示―代替……,而不是……‖。例如:

He’ll go to Italy instead of France.他要去意大利而不去法国。

8.increase

增加,增大,增多

常用短语: increase by

增加了……

increase to…… 增加到……

10.enough 意为―充足,足够‖

enough作副词,可用于修饰形容词、副词、动词等,通常置于被修饰语之后。

This room is big enough for five of us to live in.这房间给我们5个人住够大了。

enough还可作形容词,用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,置于名词前或后均可。 【重难点分析】

3.—When did Joe get it?

—On his sixth birthday.

(1)on one’s …… birthday 表示―在某人的……岁生日时‖,要用序数词。

(2)介词on表示―在具体的某一天或某一天的上、下午‖。 On Sunday morning

4.Is it someone in your family?

是你家里的什么人吗?句中it用来确指身份不明的人。

5.The movie was boring,I fell asleep half way through it.(1)boring表示―令人厌烦的‖和物连用,bored表示―厌烦的‖和人连用

6.In the USA,some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts.在美国,一些人要求他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。

(1)本句中两个to,

(2)cost的主语必须是―物‖或―事‖,sth cosr sb +钱

Ⅳ.重难点分析 (3)It takes/took sb some time to do sth 1.—Have you ever been to a water park?

—No,I (4)pay for

haven’t.—Me,neither.

3.receive与accept两者都做―收到‖讲,但具体含义有所(2)副词ever意为―曾经,以前,无论何时‖表示一个不确不同。 定的时间。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、比较句(1)receive的意思是―接到‖―收到‖―受到‖。它指―接‖―收‖的等.Have you ever been to Paris?

你曾去过巴黎吗? 动作或事实,并不包含接收者本人是否―接受‖的意思。 (3)本句中Me,neither.是口语化的简略回答。一般情况(2)accept的意思是―接受‖―领受‖―承认‖―接纳‖。指经过考下用Neither have I,为―neither + 系/助/情态动词+主语‖虑,同意或愿意接受强调―收到‖的结果是―接受‖了。 结构,neither在此意为―也不……‖,表示主语所做的动作Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

与前面提到过的人或事相同,是为了避免语言重复,其中【单元目标】 的系/助/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一致,而在数上Ⅰ.单词与短语 要与其后的主语一致。例如: have a great time/take a ride/end up/on board /exchange

— I can’t swim.我不会游泳。— Neither can I.我也不会。

student/take a holiday/three quarters

(4)若在肯定句中表示―也……‖,则要用―so +系/助/情态动all year round/have…problem(in) doing sth./be close to

词‖。I am a student,so is my sister./think of/about doing sth./argue with sb/for example / ask

2.All the houses look like houses in Holland.所有的房子看for表示―要求,请求‖/hear of/get along(on) with

起来像荷兰的房子。 Ⅱ.目标句型:

句子look是系动词,后跟介词短语作表语。look like表示1.—Have you ever been to…?

—Yes,I have./No,I

―像,与……相似‖是一动词短语。 haven’t.

7.It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 2.I/He/She has / have never been to…

3.Where have you

正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。 been?4.Where do you want to go?

5.What do you like best about doing sth.? 6.What kind of job do you 这是一个强调结构。强调结构的句式是―It+be+被强调成分want? +that…‖。强调对象是人作主语时可用who,作宾语时用8.How do/did you do sth.? 9.How do you spell your whom,其余一律用that。 name?

It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab Ⅲ.重点词语

yesterday evening.

1.have been to表示―到(去)过某处‖,现在已不在那个地正是父亲昨天晚上在实验室作实验。 方。

It was at the gate of the school I met Tom.

have gone to表示―去了某处‖,―到某处去了‖,现在已不正是在校门口我见到汤姆。 在说话的地点了。 Ⅴ.词语辨析 2.time 1.hear,hear of与hear from 1)n.[U] 时间,时候

(1)hear为及物动词,意为―听见,听到‖,后可跟复合宾语,2)n.(多用复数)时代 如:He is one of the best actors in hear sb do sth表示―听见某人做了某事‖或hear sb doing sthmodern times.他是现代最好的演员之一。

表示―听见某人正做某事‖。 3)n.次;倍

如: three times

注意: (2)hear还可作―听说‖讲,后常跟that引导的宾语从句。 作―倍,次‖,必须用于―三次(倍)‖以上,

一、二次(倍)(3)hear of意为―听说‖,后跟人或物作宾语。 用once,twice表示。

(4)hear from sb意为―收到某人的来信‖,后跟人作宾语。 3.attract

Unit 10 It's a nice day,isn't it?

(1)用作及物动词,可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。

【单元目标】

(2)attract常用于be attracted to sb / sth结构,意为―喜爱某

Ⅰ.单词与短语

人或某物‖。 look through/get along/at least /be careful /hate doing sth./tell 4.one…the other表示―(两者中的)一个……另一个‖,该短sb.about sth./feel like+名词/doing 语是代词短语,强调两个当中的一个……另一个……。I Ⅱ.目标句型: have two sister.One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.1.It’s a nice day,isn’t it?2.What a nice day,isn’t it?3.It 5.mean

looks like rain,doesn’t? 4.I hope so / not.

5.So do I.(1)mean作及物动词,意为―意思是,意味着‖。+名词/doing

Ⅲ.重点词汇 (2)mean意为―意思是……‖,还可跟that引导的宾语从句。

1.last 持续,为延续性动词,可与一段时间及How long 例如:

连用

如: The teacher meant that you must listen carefully in cla.老

America Civil War lasted for four years.

美国内战师的意思是你上课必须认真听讲。(3)mean还可意为―打

持续了四年。 算,意图‖,后跟动词不定式作宾语。例如:I don’t mean to hurt you.

2.alone

副词,意为―单独,独自‖。She lived alone.她独居。 3.cro

动词,意为―横渡,渡过;越过‖。

They croed the road.

4.along

介词,意为―沿着‖。例如:We walked along the river.

5.feel like+名词/doing表示―感觉是,似乎;喜欢‖

6.be good at表示―擅长,在……方面做得好‖,at后面跟名词、代词或动名词。

7.clean表示―打扫‖,及物动词,还有形容词词性,―干净的‖,

Ⅳ.重难点分析

1.Do you think it’ll stop by noon?

你认为到中午雨会停吗?

by表示时间,指―在……前,不迟于,到……时(为止)‖,相当于before。

Can you finish your work by 6 pm?

下午6点前你们能完成工作吗

by也可以表示方法、手段,意为―同,靠,用,通过‖。by phone/by bus

by还可以表示位置,意为―在……旁,靠近‖相当于beside,near等.I sit by the window.。

2.I hope the bus comes soon.

我希望公共汽车很快就来。

(1)soon表示―不久,很快‖,指的是时间上的―快‖。 (2)hope+to do/that意为―希望‖, 3.Thank you so much for inviting me.

非常感谢你邀请我。

(1) thanks for后接名词或动名词形式.表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you或Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。

(2)invite作及物动词,后常跟―人‖,也常与to连用,表示―邀请某人去……‖。

She invited us to her party.

4.I’m going to ask my cousin,Tommy,to go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。

本句中with是指―和某人在一起‖,后常跟名词或代词作宾语,其后若跟人称代词时,要用宾格形式。

5.He said he'd help me with my math project.

他说他将帮助我做数学作业。

6.Paul and I are good friends.We get along well because we both like sports.

我和保罗是好朋友,我们相处得很好,因为我们俩都喜欢运动。

(1)both表示―(两者)都‖,在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后,行为动词之前。

We are both tall./We both have short hair

(2)both常与and连用,意为―不但……而且……;既……又……‖,若连接两个主语时,谓语动词须用复数形式。 7.分数的表示法: 分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,但是当分子大于一时,分母使用复数形式,例如:三分之二

two thirds

8.population 人口。

当强调的是整体的时候,使用单数;当强调的是部分的时候,使用复数。如,The population of China is…; Two thirds of the population of China are…

Both New York and London have traffic problems.

Ⅴ.词语辨析

1.borrow,lend和keep的区别:

这三个词在汉语中都可译为―借‖,但其用法不同。对于动词的主语是―借进‖则用borrow,其句型为―borrow…from…‖ 如: I borrowed a book from the school library this afternoon.

对于动词的主语是―借出‖则用lend,其句型为―lend…to…‖ 如:

I can lend my bike to you,but you mustn't lend it to others. 如果所借的东西要保留一段时间,用keep。 如:

―How long can I keep the book?‖―Two weeks.‖ ―这本书我可以借多久?‖―两个星期。‖

2.hope与wish均可表示―希望,想‖,均可用to do不定式作宾语,不可用doing。其不同之处在于:

(1)―wish+宾语+to do‖还可表示―命令‖;hope不能这样用。例如:I wish you to go.我要你去。 (2)hope for+名词,表示可能实现的―希望‖;wish虽也能跟―for+名词‖,但表示难以实现的―愿望‖。例如:I hope for succe.我希望成功。(可能性很大)

I wish for a car.

我很想得到小汽车。(难以实现的愿望)

(3)hope和wish都可跟that从句,但―hope+that从句‖表示―希望‖;―wish+that从句‖表示―愿望‖,但从句用过去时表示虚拟语气,即不太可能实现的愿望或与事实相反。例如:

I hope you will be better soon.

我希望你尽快好起来。

I wish I were ten years younger.

但愿我能年轻10岁。

(4)wish可跟双宾语,表示祝福。例如:

We wish you a happy life.

祝你生活幸福。 3.how often,how long,how soon与how much

(1)how often表示―多长时间一次‖或者―每隔多久一次‖,often是―常常‖之意,表示―次数很多‖。

—How often does Mary go to visit the museum?

—Twice a year.

(2)long表示物体的长度或时间的长度。how long表示―多长‖或―多久,多长时间‖之意。

—How long can you stay at home during summer holiday?

暑假你能在家待多久?

(3)how soon通常表示一般将来时,意为―再等多长时间?‖―多长时间才……?‖,是对―in+时间段‖(in ten minutes / two hours / a week)提问。 Can you tell me how soon you can be ready?

(4)How much is / are… ? ……多少钱? ①若询问某一商品多少钱时,一般用How much is / are … ? 这一句型,商品是单数或不可数名词时用is,商品是复数时用are。

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