2014职称英语教材-卫生类A级5篇完形填空及参考译文 （红色为书中选项答案）
+11Migrant Workers
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.
In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.
One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams
Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impreions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．
One of the world\'s oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a
special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.
From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．
+13
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear proce that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.
+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were
born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitne and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitne that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilon, profeor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitne, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitne and a IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitne between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitne testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much le dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people\'s generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnees, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge
killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnees such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be claed as \"lifestyle diseases\"，which means that it may be poible to halt their progre.
11 移民工人
在过去的20年，工人从一个国家到另一个国家的趋势越来越大。一些刚刚独立的国家把大部分工作留给当地人，这一点是可以理解的，而另一些却吸引和欢迎移民工人。中东地区的情况尤为如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多国家能够召集外面的人来改进本地设施。因此中东吸引了来自美国和欧洲的石油工人。它还从包括韩国和日本的许多国家引入了建筑工人和技师。
由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件，吸引合适的工人的费用是很高的，这不足为奇。许多工程师和技师在中东至少可以挣到他们在自己国家两倍的收入，这是最大的吸引力。一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。这增加了来访工人的净收入，而且很受他们欢迎。
有时一个劣势就有一个补偿的优势。例如，艰苦的生活条件常常导致更深的友谊，因为工人们为了安全和舒适必须互相依赖。同样，许多移民工人能够存很多钱，部分原因是因为那里缺少娱乐设施。工作通常是复杂的，而且充满问题，但是这会向那些更愿解决问题而不是在自己国家里做例行工作的工程师们提出更大的挑战。
影响中东的移民工人的一个主要问题是他们的工作是暂时性的。他们几乎都是合同工，所以要让他们很有信心地事前做出计划是很难的。人们希望这样，是因为没有一个国家欢迎大量的外国工人作为永久居民。无论如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一样接受这个不足，因为他们得到的是可观的经济利益。
12 梦之闲话
人人都会做梦，也确实每个人睡觉都做梦。那些声称睡觉从来不做梦的人其实都有做梦，而且做梦的频次与其他人一样，只是他们从来记不住自己做的梦而已。即使是那些能清楚地意识到自己夜复一夜都在做梦的人也很少能够把那些细节都描述得淋漓尽致，能记住的也只是一些看起来毫无关联的印象与场景组成的一团混沌。梦境不仅仅是视觉的，我们做梦的时候会牵动我们的各种器官，所以我们在梦里似乎能够听到声音，能触摸到，还能嗅到气味，甚至尝到味道。
埃及的《梦幻书语》是目前世界上所发现的最早关于梦的文本记载。这本书大概5000年的历史，我们可以发现在那个年代，人们就已经相信梦特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人们都坚信不能惊醒睡梦中的人，因为在睡梦中，人的灵魂都会离开身体，如果别惊醒，灵魂也许就不能及时回到身体里。
从古到今，人们就一直试图解析梦境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多关于解梦的书，遗憾的是，对于同一个梦，有多少本书就会有多少种解释。
13科学家探索发现心脏病的方法
德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护，使他们免遭心脏
停止导致的突然死亡的早期预报软件。
仅在德国每年就有10万人死于心脏停止。其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的。危险最大的是那些已经犯过一次心脏病的病人。几年来除颤器被证实在控测心律中止和在几秒中内实施自动干涉以调整心律的诊断中是有用的。这种方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。
弗莱伯大学诊所的心脏病专家已经在内置除颤器方面取得了突破性成就。这种除颤器可以在体内产生六个频道的心电图。这个综合体系使血液流通总是和即将发生的心脏病可被早些诊断出来。今年它将第一次被植入病人体内。同时，凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新计算机软件。这种软件使心电图数据更加准确。
大部分有风险的患 者不能用内置除颤器，因此必须接受常规的心电图检查。“目前的许多计划只把数据的线形关系考虑在内。但是我们现在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模工作为一个直观而又复杂的系统提示出来的非线性处理方法”。海根·纳夫说，“这样心脏跳动频率的变化就会受到控制，而病人个人的特征也会得到考虑。”一个基于600位犯心脏病的患者的以前的心电图数据研究使科学家们能够比较两种风险，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。
14运动的年轻人智商更高(新增)
瑞典哥德堡大学健康校医院的科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。
研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万瑞典新兵。这些新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。
研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的智能测试结果之间的联系和明显的。最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充足的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，”瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和哥德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师迈克尔·尼尔森如说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。我们还发现生长因子也很重要。”
通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体越健康，智商越高。
“我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”哥德堡大学健康学研究院研究员，ABY健康中心医师玛利亚·啊伯格说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体院应成为学校中一门重要的学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论科学，体育课是非常有必要的。”
研究人员还将新兵服役入伍报到时的体格检查和智商测试的结果与后来他们来生活中的社会经济地位进行了比较。那些18岁是身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。
15上世界人类平均寿命的变化
一百年前，发达国家的人口平均寿命约为47岁，到21世纪初，美英两国男性平均寿命为74岁，女性约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。是什么造成这样的变化呢？在研究100年前人类的寿命时，我们需要注意当时的一些不治之症。早在20世界初期，这些不治
之症经常是像天花之类的急性的高传染病。许多儿童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年迈体弱的人也总面临着他们的威胁。
如今，这些疾病在发达国家已经远不能致命。这一变化归于许多因素，比如：环境及个人卫生的改善、抗生素的发现及使用（抗生素大大降低了细菌病的危险）以及常见疾病预防疫苗的接种。除此之外，更洁净的空气、更好的食物保鲜方法、更舒适温暖的屋子还有对营养的进一步认识，这些总的环境的改善也促进了人们的整体健康。
从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁。但尽管现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。现在困扰人们的是像心脏病、中风那些更为慢性的疾病，还有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通过病毒传染的疾病。当然，癌症也是一大杀手。上述疾病大多影响着老年人，但令人担忧的问题在发达国家日趋明显，如：肥胖症产生更多心脏病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群渐成年轻化。
人们如果把这些疾病归为“生活方式疾病”，这意味着人们生活方式的改善有可能阻止它们的进一步发展。
