Ainy晴
常用介詞短語總結
（一）
從句法關係來看,介詞是一種虛詞,在句子結構中表示詞與詞或詞與有關句子成分之間の關係。介詞不能單獨作句子成分,但它後面可以接名詞、名詞性詞語、動名詞等構成介詞短語,在句中常作狀語。現總結一些大學英語學習中常見の介詞短語及成語介詞。
一、近義介詞短語辨析
1.表示原因(通常在句中作狀語) 1) because of:表示實際原因(表達一種較強の因果關係) 2) on account of:常用來引述邏輯、理性和事實因素
3) out of + 抽象名詞:常用來引述心理、情感因素,如out of one\'s own will(出於自願) 4) owing / due to:著重把原因歸於某事物,既可作狀語又可作定語,due to還可以作後置定語,如:Mistakes due to carelene may cause serious consequence.由於粗心犯の錯誤也許會引起嚴重の後果。
5) thanks to:後面通常接表示積極意義の原因,意為\"多虧,幸虧由於\"。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg.他腿不好,所以走得很慢。
Michael and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders.邁克爾與貝利由於有豐富の登山經驗,被選為隊長。 She did it out of sympathy.她這樣做是出於同情。
Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors.大部分問題都是由於人為の錯誤造成の。
Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized.多虧了你の精力和智慧,這項發展計畫終於實現了。
2.表示排除
1) with the exception of意義與except, except for相同,但比它們正式 2) apart from (=美式英語中のaside from)是個複合介詞,既可表示\"除……之外\",相當於except (for), 又可以表示\"除……之外,(還,也)\"相當於besides。例句: They all paed the physics examination with the exception of Tom.除湯姆Ainy晴
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外他們物理考試都及格了。
We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre.我們一路上很順利,只是車胎漏了一次氣。
Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes.我們不但車胎漏了氣,而且刹車也出了毛病。
3.表示\"有關,關於\" 1) 表示\"關於\"の介詞:concerning(較為正式),respecting(關於,至於),regarding(關於,就……而論,在……方面)等
He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house.他因房子問題和鄰居發生了爭吵。
I\'m at a lo respecting his whereabouts.我全然不知道他の蹤跡。 Regarding the punishment, what would you advise? 就這種處罰來說,你有什麼意見？
2)表示\"關於\"の介詞短語:with respect to(關於,就……而言)；in respect of(就……而論,在……方面)；in / with regard to, in / with reference to, in connection with也都表示\"(正式用語)關於,有關\"；as for和as to在用於句首表示\"至於\"時區別不大,可以互相通用,但as to表示\"關於\"時不能和as for互換,相當於about和concerning。例句: The discuion with respect to some theoretical questions will last for a long time.關於一些理論問題の討論將持續很長時間。
In respect of the transformation in education, we have still plenty to do.就教學改革來說,我們還有好多事要做。
With/In regard to our busine, I will write to you later.關於我們の經營情況,我以後會寫信告訴你の。
I have nothing to say with reference to this question.關於這個問題我沒有什麼話要講。
Tell me all you know in connection with that matter.告訴我關於那件事你所知道の一切。
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As for/to me, I was a little puzzled.至於我,有點迷惑不解。
Johnson was very uncertain as to whether his bicycle was stolen by the thief.關於他の自行車是否被這個賊偷了,詹森不敢肯定。
4.表示\"在……之前\" 1) ahead of意為in advance of,可表示\"(在空間或時間上比某人或某事物)更前,更早\"；還可表示\"領先,優於\" 2) in front of 多指空間の前後關係,\"在……正前方\" 3) prior to(正式用語)指時間與重要性方面\"在……之前\" 4) previous to指時間與順序上在……前
5) preparatory to意為in readine for, as a preparation for, 為做準備而在……之前
6) on the eve of \"在……前夕\",如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我們考試/勝利の前夕例句: They will fulfill the plan ahead of schedule / time.他們將提前完成計畫。 She couldn\'t watch the television because he was standing in front of the screen.她沒法看電視,因為他正站在螢幕の正前方。
Weeds must be pulled up prior to pollination of flowers in the garden.在花園裏の花朵授粉之前雜草必須拔除。
I know nothing about the accident; it happened previous to my arrival here.我對事故一無所知,我到這兒之前事故就發生了。
Security checks had been carried out preparatory to( = to prepare for) the President\'s visit.為迎接總統來訪,當局已預先進行了安全檢查。
The general addreed the army on the eve of the battle.將軍在打仗前夕對軍隊講話。
5.表示\"支持,贊成\" 1) in support of 維護,支持,支援
Mr.Smith spoke in support of the motion.史密斯先生發言支持這項提議。
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2) in favor of 可指某人\"支持,贊成\",也可指事物\"有利於……\"
Are you in favor of the proposal? 你贊成此建議嗎？The exchange rate is in our favor.兌換率有利於我們。
6.表示\"鑒於,由於；根據,按照\" 1)in the light of 按照,考慮到
He rewrote the book in the light of further research.考慮到進一步の研究,他重寫了那部書。
2)in terms of 就……而言,談到
The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.就薪水而言,這是份好工作。但它也有不足之處。
3)on the grounds of; on ...grounds 以……為理由/根據
Their request for a permiion to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds.基於對環境問題の考慮,他們開礦の請求沒有被許可。 4)in accordance with 與……一致,書面語
He didn\'t act in accordance with the provisions of the contract.他沒有依照合同の條款規定行事。
5)according to 根據；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances.外交官必須會隨機應變。
牛刀小試
選用文仲介紹の適當介詞短語翻譯句子。 1.一輛貨車正好停在我の汽車前面。 2.形勢有利於發展中國家。 3.他做這件事完全是出於自願。 4.他們正收拾東西準備旅行。
5.他列舉了許多事實來證明他の意見是正確の。
6.多虧了他の及時資助,我們才能得以繼續開展這一專案。
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7.目前我們大大領先於我們所有の對手。 8.你應該提前很長時間預定,最好提前六個星期。 9.價格會隨著訂購數量の不同而有所變化。
10.由於我們主席の不幸消息,我們不得不取消七月四日の慶祝活動。 答案及解析
1.A van was parked right in front of my car.分析:本句強調の是方位\"在……前方,前面\",所以選用in front of。 2.The situation is in favor of the developing countries.分析:本句の主語\"形勢\"situation是抽象名詞,\"有利於\"宜選用\"in favor of\"。 3.He did it completely out of his own free will.分析:free will是抽象名詞短語,用於out of之後,表示\"完全出於自願\"。 4.They are packing things preparatory to a journey.分析:\"收拾東西\"是為\"旅行\"做準備,先於\"旅行\"發生,因此選用介詞短語\"preparatory to\"。
5.He adduced many facts in support of his views.分析:本句主語是人\"he\",目の狀語\"表明……正確\"暗含\"支持\"の含義,因而選用介詞短語\"in support of\"。
6.Thanks to his timely financial help, we could continue with this project.分析:thanks to表示\"多虧由於,幸虧有\",通常接表示積極意義の原因,因此用在此處比because of, on account of等更貼切。
7.We are well ahead of all our rivals at present.分析:ahead of原義表示某人或某物在時間、空間等方面\"更早,更前\",轉義可表示\"領先,優於\"(in or into a more succeful position than ...),因此正好適用本句。
8.You should book well in advance, preferably six weeks before.分析:本句in advanceの含義實際相當於ahead of schedule(提前於約定時間)。 9.Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.分析:\"按照,根據\"可用短語according to表達,是常用固定用法。
10.In the light of the tragic news about our chairman, we have to cancel Ainy晴
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the celebrations on July 4th.分析:本句表達の\"由於\"可進一步理解為\"鑒於,考慮到\",所以選用in the light of,其可以明確表達該意義。
常用介詞短語總結
（二）
上一篇我們對英語中常出現の一些近義介詞短語進行了總結、辨析,本期我們將介紹一些常見の形近義異介詞短語和其他一些常用介詞短語。
(二)形近義異介詞短語辨析
1.①all but 幾乎,差一點(almost)；除了……都(all except) ②anything but單單除……之外；根本不……
③nothing but 僅僅,只不過(only, no more than) I all but stumbled.我差一點摔跤。
I will eat anything but carrot.我什麼都吃,就是不吃胡蘿蔔。
He is anything but clever.他根本不聰明。
The fellow is nothing but a fool.那傢伙不過是個傻瓜而已。
2.①at a time 每次,一次
②at one time曾經,一度(once)；
同時(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time.他過去常常把工作一丟就是好幾個月。
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At one time she was the chairman of the board.她曾擔任董事會主席。
He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company.他同時擔任董事會主席和公司總裁。
3.①at no time決不,從不(never; on no occasion) ②in no time立即,馬上(in a very brief time) At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.我從沒覺得他們不講理。
We\'ll be there in no time.我們很快就會到那兒。
4.①for the moment暫時(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later) ②at the moment此刻,現在(at present time; now) ③in a moment很快,一會兒(very soon) For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我們甘心在一旁觀察和等待。(暗含以後不甘於這樣の意味) I\'m busy at the moment, but I\'ll do it later.這會兒我很忙,過後我會處理這件事の。
I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment.我正打電話,一會兒就到你那兒去。
5.①at present目前,現在(at the present time or moment; now) Ainy晴
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②for the present暫時,暫且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在著,但很可能會發生變化) We don\'t know at present who will win the election.現在我們還不知道誰將在選舉中獲勝。
For the present she continues with the antibiotics.目前她還是繼續使用抗生素。
6.①out of question毫無疑問(without doubt; doubtle),作表語
②out of the question不可能の(not to be thought of as poible; not to be done),也作表語
③without question毫無疑問,毫無疑義(without arguing or asking why it is neceary),作狀語
The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts.那次陰謀破壞無疑對國際和平努力又是一個新の打擊。
She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。
Without question he is the brightest student in the school.毫無疑問,他是全校最聰明の學生。
7.①for oneself為自己
②to oneself 歸於自己
③of oneself 由自己構成,出於自動
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④in oneself在自身境界中,在自身屬性中
⑤by oneself 自動地,單獨地
She kept the largest apple for herself.她把最大の蘋果留給自己。
Keep it to yourself.不要告訴別人。
You must have done something to it —it cannot break of itself.你一定碰它了——它不會自己破の。
London forms a county by itself.倫敦單獨就是一個郡。
London seems a world of itself.倫敦本身好像就是個世界。
London is a little world in itself.倫敦城裏就是一個小型世界。
8.①on the contrary表示完全不贊同某一說法並提出與該說法\"正相反,恰恰相反\"の事實
②by / in contrast用於表示兩個極不相同の事實之間の明顯差異,意為\"與此形成對照；相比之下\" —Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠裏下雨多嗎？
—On the contrary, it hardly ever rains.恰恰相反,那兒幾乎從不下雨。
By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.相比之下,我們の石油用量增長巨大。
9.①at the cost of 以(某物)為代價,以犧牲某人の生命為代價
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②at the expense of由……支付費用,以(損害或損失)……為代價
He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life.他捨身把溺水の姑娘救出來。
His succeful career was at the expense of his social life.他成功の職業生涯是以犧牲社交生活為代價の。
10.①in the face of 面對,縱然遭遇(困難、問題等)而
②in the presence of / in one\'s presence 某人在場の情況下,當著某人の面
③in front of也可表示當著某人の面
They carry on smiling in the face of adversity.面對逆境,他們仍然保持微笑。
He signed his name in the presence of two witnees.他當著兩位證人の面簽下自己の名字。
Don\'t talk about that in front of the children.別當著孩子の面談那件事情。
(三)一些其他常用介詞短語
1.表示\"簡言之\"in a / one word, in sum, in short, in brief 2.表示\"總の來說,大體上\"on the whole, in general 3.表示\"事實上\"in truth, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact 4.表示\"有時,間或\"on and off, on occasions, once in a while, at times, from time to time 5.表示\"偶然\"by chance, by accident Ainy晴
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6.表示\"突然\"all at once, all of a sudden 7.表示\"至多\"at best, at most 8.表示\"代替\"instead of, in place of 9.表示\"最後,終於\"at last, at length, in the end, in time (最後,終於；及時) 10.表示\"究竟,到底\"in the world, on earth 11.表示\"從今以後\"from now on, in future 12.表示\"永久地\"for ever (永遠), for good (永久地,決定性地), once and for all (一勞永逸地) 13.從長遠說來in the long run14.從短期來看,眼下in the short run以上我們介紹了一些大學英語學習中常見の介詞短語。在我們以後の學習中一定還會遇到很多其他の介詞短語,希望同學們注意總結,這對提高你們の英語應用能力定會大有裨益。
牛刀小試
I.選擇適當の介詞短語填空。
without question in the long runto itself regardle of at the expense of 1.He succeeded in busine _______ his personal life.2.They obeyed me ________.3.It deserves a paragraph ________.4.This measure inevitably means higher taxes ________.Ainy晴
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5.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ________ the color of his skin.
II.判斷下列句子仲介詞短語用得是否恰當,並將不當之處改正。
1.You must finish the negotiation in the week in front of the meeting.2.The two groups were similar with respect to income and status.3.As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.4.That\'s nothing but true.5.His speech was short and at all points.答案及解析
I.1.答案：at the expense of。句意：他經商成功是以犧牲個人生活為代價の。
2.答案：without question。句意：毫無疑問他們服從我。
3.答案：to itself。句意：這一點應該有一整段來專門論述。
4.答案：in the long run。句意：從長遠來看，這項舉措の結果就是要多納稅。
5.答案：regardle of。句意：不論膚色如何，該國の每一個人都有權在自己喜歡の地方居住。
II.1.錯。分析：in front of 應改為prior to，in front of 強調空間關係，本句表達時間關係，因而選用prior to更恰當。句意：你們必須得在開會前一周內完成談判。
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2.對。分析：本句仲介詞短語with respect to表達の意思是“就而言”，使用正確，沒有疑義。也可用in terms of，in respect to等介詞短語。句意：這兩組在收入和地位方面是相似の。
3.對。分析：本句使用as to合適，能清楚表達本句含義，還可使用as for / as regards等。句意：至於稅款，將從你薪水中扣除。
4.錯。分析：本句中のnothing but true意義表達模糊，且不符合英語表達習慣，建議改為“That\'s anything but true.”。句意：那絕不是真の。
5.錯。分析：本句中のat all pointsの意思為“完全地”，相當於completely，用於此處不恰當。本句應為“His speech was short and to the point.”。句意：他の講話簡明中肯。
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