《欧洲之声》就气候变化问题专访驻欧盟大使
Interview with H.E.Ambaador Song Zhe, Head of the Miion of the People\'s Republic of China to the European Union by the European Voice on Climate Change 2009年12月11日,中国驻欧盟使团团长宋哲大使就气候变化问题接受了欧盟专业媒体《欧洲之声》外事编辑安德鲁·加第纳专访。采访实录如下：
一、你如何看待气候变化问题？中方为应对气候变化采取了哪些措施？
1.How do you look at climate change iues? What is China\'s response to climate change?
答：气候变化问题是全人类面临的重大挑战。这一问题需要综合、全面、历史地看待，需要各国通力合作，携手应对。
A: The iue of climate change is a major challenge facing the entire human race.This iue requires a comprehensive, all-dimensional and historical perspective.It requires all countries to cooperate and respond.
有些发达国家认为中国最近宣布的碳强度指标“并未体现足够的雄心”，甚至要求中国提高这一指标，这不是一个客观、公正的评价。中国是发展中国家，还有1.5亿贫困人口。同时，中国能源结构以煤为主，控制温室气体排放面临巨大压力和特殊困难。对于中国这样的发展中国家，要发展，能源需求和相应排放就必然有合理增长。应对气候变化不能以牺牲发展、延续贫困和落后为代价。
Some developed countries argue that China\'s carbon reduction intensity is not ambitious enough, and even demand an increase of China\'s target.Such argument is neither objective nor fair.China is a developing country, there are still 150 million people living in poverty.Meanwhile, China\'s energy structure is dominated by coal, and China faces huge preure and special difficulty to control GHG emiions.For such a developing country like China, development will necearily imply reasonable increase of energy demand and corresponding emiions.Tackling climate change should not sacrifice development, or continue poverty and backwardne.
有些发达国家大谈中国排放总量大，但却忘记了中国有13亿人口。2006年，中国13亿人排放了56亿吨二氧化碳，占全球排放总量的20%，而发达国家不到10亿人，却排放了约129亿吨，占全球排放总量的46%。基于发展和满足人民生活的基本需要，我们有必要维持一个合理的排放空间。总不可能要求中国在经济发展、能源消耗和相应排放方面只能享有发达国家百分之二十或三十的权利吧？
Some developed countries are talking about China\'s total emiion, but they seem to forget that China has a 1.3 billion population.In 2006, 1.3 billion Chinese people emit 5.6 billion tons of CO2, accounting for 20% of the world\'s total.Developed countries, with le than 1 billion people, emit about 12.9 billion tons, accounting for 46% of the world\'s total.Because of development needs and needs to improve people\'s lives, we must maintain a reasonable space of emiion, and is it poible to ask the Chinese people to enjoy 20% or 30% of the rights of developed countries in terms of economic development, energy consumption or corresponding emiion?
中国已宣布的行动目标力度与任何发达国家相比都不逊色。所有发达国家在1990年至2005年的15年中，单位GDP的二氧化碳排放强度只下降了26%，中国则下降了46%。中国的40-45%目标已是极限了。必须强调的是，中国的自主减排目标是不附加任何条件的，也不与任何国家的行动相挂钩，我们说到做到。
The targets of China are no le ambitious than any developed countries.From 1990 to 2005, CO2 emiion intensity per unit of GDP of all developed countries only dropped by 26%, China dropped by 46%.China\'s 40-45% target at 2020 is already reaching the limit.We must emphasize that China\'s voluntary reduction targets do not attach any conditions, it is not linked to any other countries\' action.We will deliver what we promise.
谈到气候变化的历史责任，我想引用一组数据：在1850年至2005年的155年间，全球共排放11222亿吨二氧化碳，发达国家共排放了8065亿吨，占全球总量的72%，欧盟占27.5%(人均累积排放：德国958吨，英国1125吨，世界人均173吨，中国只有71吨)。2006年，发达国家以占全球1/6的人口，仍然占据着近50%的排放。不顾历史责任和事实，空泛地谈国际合作，甚至只谈所谓共同责任是不能令世人信服的。
Turning to the historical responsibility for climate change, I would like to quote one set of data: during the 155 years from 1850 to 2005, the world has discharged 1.1222 trillion tons of CO2, and developed countries have discharged 806.5 billion tons, 72% of the total, and the EU accounts for 27.5% (per capita cumulative emiions: 958 tons for Germany, 1125 tons for the United Kingdom, 173 tons for world average, China only 71 tons).In 2006, with 1 / 6 of the world\'s population, the developed countries account for almost 50% of the emiions.An empty talk about international cooperation, in disregard of historical responsibility and facts, or only talking about the so-called shared responsibility, will not convince the world.
《京都议定书》规定发达国家应在1990年基础上，集体减排5.2%，但绝大多数发达国家不降反增。另一方面，发达国家还承诺向发展中国家提供资金和技术，但近20年来未见诸行动。
The Kyoto Protocol stipulates that developed countries must reduce emiions collectively by 5.2% on 1990 basis.In fact, most developed countries have increased, not reduced emiions.On the other hand, the developed countries have promised funds and technology transfer to developing countries, but for the last 20 years no or little action has been taken.
无论从历史责任、现实情况讲，还是从公约义务和能力看，发达国家都应毫无条件地在2012年后继续率先大幅减排，并有义务为发展中国家应对气候变化提供资金，转让技术。
Whether from the point of view of historical responsibility, or reality, whether in terms of treaty obligations or capability, the developed countries should unconditionally continue to take the lead to cut emiion by a big margin after 2012, and fulfill their obligations in providing funds and transfering technology to developing countries.
二、你如何评价哥本哈根气候变化会议当前的谈判进程？
2.How do you describe the current state of discuions in Copenhagen?
答：目前谈判进展较为缓慢，原因主要在发达国家立场倒退。另一方面，极力向发展中国家提出种种不合理的要求，严重影响谈判进程，妨碍哥本哈根会议取得积极成果。
A: Progre has been slow in the negotiations at the conference.It\'s mainly because the developed countries have moved backwards from their previous position, and on the other, they make many unreasonable demands over developing countries, which seriously affect the negotiation proce and impede the Copenhagen Conference to achieve positive results.
西方国家经常大谈“公平”和“责任”。在探讨气候变化时，同样也不应忽视“公平”和“责任”。首先，发达国家长期的工业化进程为本国积聚财富，对当前人类生存环境造成破坏，但却拒不承担补救责任，这对其他发展中国家是不公平的。其次，根据2006年全球排放量的统计，发达国家人均排放量几乎为发展中国家人均排放量的4倍，在如此不平等的基础上，要求发达国家和发展中国家承担相同的责任也是不公平的。再次，《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》已经生效多年，按照公约和议定书的要求减排不仅是发达国家的责任，而且是他们的法律义务。而发达国家不愿也没有履行上述法律义务，就没有资格要求其他国家承担相应责任。
Western countries often talk about \"fairne\"and\"responsibility.\"In exploring the iue of climate change, one should also not ignore the\"fairne\"and\"responsibility.\" First of all, the long proce of industrialization of developed countries accumulates wealth for them, but creates damage to the environment of the present world.Yet they refuse to take the remedial responsibility, which is unfair to other developing countries.Secondly, according to 2006 survey of global emiion, the per capita emiions by developed countries are almost 4 times that of developing countries, on such an unequal basis, it is not fair to ask them to shoulder the same responsibility.Thirdly, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Kyoto Protocol have entered into force for many years, to reduce emiions in accordance with the requirements of the Convention and the Protocol is not only the responsibility of the developed countries, but also their legal obligations.The developed countries are unwilling and have not met these legal obligations, and are not in the position to ask other countries to fulfill corresponding responsibility.
三、你如何评价欧盟承诺自2010年至2012年每年向最不发达国家提供24亿欧元的“快轨资助”？
3.How do you evaluate the European Union commitment to provide 2.4 billion euros of \"fast-track financing\" each year from 2010 to 2012 to the least developed countries?
答：我们欢迎欧盟做出这一积极承诺，但是这与联合国权威报告的建议、《公约》和《议定书》的要求以及国际社会的期望相差甚远。资金问题是一揽子问题，不只包括向最不发达国家提供援助，还包括向所有发展中国家提供适应和能力建设资金支持。希望欧盟能在哥本哈根会议最后阶段做出更有雄心的承诺。
A: We welcome the EU to make this positive commitment, but it still falls far short of the recommendations of authoritative United Nations report, the requirements of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the expectations of the international community.The funding iue is a concept of package, not refering only to aistance to the least developed countries.It also include financial support for adaptation and capacity-building to all developing countries.We hope that the EU will make more ambitious commitments by the final stage of the Copenhagen Conference.
四、中方如何推动哥本哈根会议达成“政治协议”？
4.How will the Chinese side promote the Copenhagen Conference to reach a \"political agreement\"?
、答：哥本哈根会议正在进行，温家宝总理也将出席，这充分表明中方对会议本身及其气候变化问题的重视。
A: The Copenhagen meeting is in progre, Premier Wen Jiabao will also be present, which indicates that the Chinese side takes the Conference itself and the iue of climate change seriously.中方认为，各方只有坚持《公约》和《议定书》的原则，尤其是“共同但有区别的责任”原则，坚持“巴厘路线图”授权，才能达成具有法律约束力的协议。我们希望各方继续为会议取得积极成果而共同努力。
The Chinese side maintains that only by adhering to the principle of Convention and the Protocol, in particular the \"common but differentiated responsibilities\"principle, and the mandate of the\"Bali Roadmap\", will the parties reach a legally binding agreement.We hope all parties will continue to make joint efforts for the Conference to achieve positive results.
五、中方是否会调整自己的立场？ 5.Will China adjust its position?
答：中方的立场是一贯的。我们认为，这次会议的目标是，在进一步加强《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的全面、有效和持续实施方面，取得积极成果，重点应就减缓、适应、技术转让、资金支持作出明确、具体的安排。
A: China\'s position is consistent.We believe that the goal of the conference is to achieve positive results in terms of further strengthening the comprehensive, effective and sustained implementation of the UNFCCC and the \"Kyoto Protocol\".The focus should be on making clear and specific arrangements regarding mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and funding support.
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