华清池
Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen.Today we are going to visit Huaqing Pool,which is situated about 35 kilometers east of the city of Xi’an.Historically,It received the royal name from emperor on account of its location on the hot springs of Li Shan.
Lishan Mountain, a branch range of Qinling Ranges, stands 1,256 metres high.It is covered with pines and cyprees, looking like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance very much .So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain for Li means a black horse in Chinese.//骊山
The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days.When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white.However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall.It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring.This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.//飞霜殿
Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool.According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past.Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor (the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here.Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again.In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way (玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation.Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.//九龙池、玉堤、朝霞亭、夕阳亭
The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface.In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang (the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths).At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huaqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to its close.The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers.In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well.The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers.Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang (the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).//莲花汤
The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong’s favourite lady, used to take bath.It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring.The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple; Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring.//海棠汤
Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath.Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion.Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine; hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.
Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion.On its head three big Chinese characters “Xi Jia Lou” (Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.
At this spa there are four hot springs.They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C.The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases muscular pain.The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.
Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.
The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident.After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China.This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation.Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy “domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.Inspired by our Party’s policy “let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggreors,” those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance.Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the “suppreion of the Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth.Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.
Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending.Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool.They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort.The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only.What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while croing over the back wall.He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it.Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm.In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi’an.
In order to avoid a civil war and try to establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C.insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident.Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an.Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything poible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals.On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing.The Xi’an Incident was so peacefully settled.
The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive.Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage.It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.
Located on the Xixiu Ridge (the West Embroidery Ridge) of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.
The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times.It was constantly under special control.Once the enemies were preing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.
The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile.King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again.He “called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face.Then the band were asked to “play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased.Afterwards, “maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.
“You don’t like music! What on earth are you fond of?” the King asked.
“I nearly have a liking for nothing.But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child.It was clear and melodious,” she replied.King You said in excitement, “That is very simple.How come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”
Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces.Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.
“Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.
“I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.
The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, “Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”
Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: “Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order.In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain.There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively.The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that “Everything should have been all right.I have just been joking with you.” When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed.Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily.Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold.Later on King You did so more often than not.In 771 B.C.Quan Rong (a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty.King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved.Consequently King You was killed, and Bao Si was taken away.The Western Zhou dynasty vanished.Herein come the Chinese idiom “A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and “The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”
Ok, everyone, so much for this today.We still have some free time.So next, you may look around and take some pictures.We’ll leave at 11o’clock, so please don’t be late.You know I will mi you.And I’ll stay here, if you have any question, please ask me.By the way, watch your step please! So next, it’s your turn.Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening!
