Chapter 1
optometrist 视光师ophthalmologist 眼科医师 optician 配镜师Orbit 眼眶optic foramen 视神经孔 the Extraocular Muscles EOMS 眼外肌rectus muscle 直肌 oblique muscle 斜肌lid or eyelid（palpebra）眼睑
adduction, abduction, elevation, depreion, cyclotorsion: 内收，外展，上转，下转，旋转canthus 眼角，眦
conjunctiva (palpebral, bulbar, fornix) 结膜（睑结膜，球结膜，穹隆结膜） eyelashes 睫毛caruncle 小阜，肉阜
pupil 瞳孔lacrimal apparatus 泪器
tear film （mucin layer, aqueous layer, lipid layer） 泪膜 (粘液层，水质层， 脂质层)plica semilunaris 半月皱襞
lacrimal punctum 泪小点canaliculi：泪小管
lacrimal sac泪囊nasolacrimal duct鼻泪管）
goblet cell 杯状细胞sclera 巩膜episclera 巩膜表层
cornea (epithelium，Bowman’s membrane, stromal layer, Desceman’s membrane, endothelium) 角膜（上皮层， Bowman氏膜，基质层，Desceman 氏膜，内皮层）limbus 角巩缘anterior/posterior chamber 前房/后房aqueous humor 房水iris 虹膜dilator muscle 开大肌 sphincter muscle 括约肌ciliary body睫状体
crystalline lens, lens 晶状体zonules悬韧带vitreous 玻璃体 choroids 脉络膜uvea 葡萄膜retina 视网膜
photoreceptor cells (rods, cones) 光感受器细胞（视杆，视锥）
macula 黄斑optic disc/cup 视盘macula fovea 黄斑中心凹 foveola, foveola centralis 中心小凹fundus 眼底
Chapter 2
Optic nerve 视神经Optic Chiasm 视交叉Optic tract 视束 Optic radiations 视放射Lateral Geniculate body 外侧膝状体 Meyer’s loop Meyer氏环Occipital lobe 枕叶Visual cortex 视皮质
dyslexia [医] 诵读困难congruous adj.一致的, 符合的, 适合的 hemianopia n.[医]偏盲, 一侧视力缺失quadranopsia 象限盲
homonymous 同名的，同侧的；同一关系的：在眼科学上，将两眼的视野垂直地分为均等的两部，即右侧视野(左眼鼻侧一半，右眼颞侧)和左侧视野(左眼颞侧一半，右眼鼻侧)
scotoma〔复scotomata〕暗点，盲点blind spot n.盲点
tunnel vision n.[医](眼科)管状视Binocular vision 双眼视觉 Monocular vision 单眼视觉Stereo vision or stereopsis 立体视 Depth perception 深度觉Pigment n.色素
Deficient adj.缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的Congenital adj.天生的, 先天的 Acquired adj.已获得的carrier n.携带者
miosis：Constriction of the pupil of the eye, resulting from a normal response to an increase in light or caused by certain drugs or pathological conditions.缩瞳，眼睛瞳孔的缩小，是对光线增强的正常反应结果或由某些药物或病理学情况而引起。accommodation reflex 调节反射
refractive error 屈光不正optical adj.眼的，视力的，视觉的; 光的，光学的 prism n.棱镜base n.底apex n.顶
convergent lens 会聚镜片biconvex lens 双凸镜片 divergent lens 发散镜片biconcave双凹镜片
spherical lens: 球面透镜cylinder: 柱面透镜 spherocylindrical lens 球柱面透镜focal point 焦点
focal length 焦长diopter 屈光度emmetropia 正视眼 ametropia 非正视眼myopia：nearsightedne近视
hyperopia: farsightedne 远视astigmatism 散光
presbyopia老视single Vision Lens 单光镜
bifocal Lens 双光镜trifocal Lens 三光镜
Progreive Addition Lens (PAL) 渐进多焦点镜片prescription 处方 amblyopia 弱视aphakia 无晶体眼pseudophakia 假晶体眼 cataract 白内障intraocular lens IOL 人工晶体，眼内晶体
contact lens 角膜接触镜， 隐形眼镜anisometropia 屈光参差 antimetropia两眼屈光不等；例如一眼近视，另一眼远视
aniseikonia两眼物像不等症
Chapter 3
肿瘤 tumor细菌 bacteria/bacterium病毒 virus 真菌 fungus/fungi感染 infection阻塞 obstruct 破坏 destroy异物 foreign body过敏 allergy 水肿 edema疤痕 scar溃疡 ulcer 排泄 excretion复发的 recurrent角膜炎 keratitis 白内障 cataract混浊 opacification青光眼 glaucoma 视盘 optic discinflammation 炎症cure 痊愈 lacrimal gland 泪腺ointment 药膏lesion 损害 trauma 外伤atrophy 萎缩papilla 乳头 follicle 滤泡dystrophy 营养不良abnormality 异常 degeneration 变性；退化acid 酸hemorrhage 出血 iridotomy 虹膜切开术benign 良性的
neovascularization 新生血管light sensitivity 畏光uveitis 葡萄膜炎 nucleus 核PDR 增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变
AMD 老年黄斑变性CNV 脉络膜新生血管heredity 遗传 Chapter 4
Strabismus 斜视Amblyopia 弱视Neurology神经学, 神经病学 Orthophoria 正位tropia 显斜Phoria 隐斜 Olfactory 嗅神经Optic 视神经Oculomotor 动眼神经 Trochlear 滑车神经Trigeminal 三叉神经Abducens 外展神经 Facial 面神经Vestibulocochlear (acoustic nerve) 前庭神经 Gloopharyngeal 舌咽神经Vagus 迷走神经
Spinal acceory（ acceory）副神经Hypogloal 舌下神经 Chapter 5
symptoms症状flashing of light 闪光感diagnosis 诊断
blurry vision视物模糊burning烧灼感
curtain over the vision 视物遮幕感distorted vision视物变形 diplopia复视Introcular lens人工晶体trauma 外伤 dislocation of lens 晶体脱位multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化 diabetes糖尿病myasthenia gravis重症肌无力
fluctuating vision视力波动glare
headaches 头痛itching
photophobia眩光halos光晕 闪光感 痒light flash 畏光lo of central vision 中心视力下降
视野 lo of depth perception深度觉下降visual field
poor distance vision 远视力下降floater漂浮物
vitreous detachment 玻璃体脱离retinal detachment 视网膜脱离 retinal hemorrhage 视网膜出血cataract白内障
霰粒肿 asthenopia 眼疲劳swelling 水肿chalazion
chapter 6
taking history病史采集chief complaint主诉
社会史 over-the-counter medicines 非处方药social history
visual acuity视力afferent papillary defect
confrontation visual field 对比视野检查法
Chapter 7相对传入性瞳孔障碍
主诉 chief complaints棱镜 prism视野 visual field
调节 accommodation交叉柱镜 cro cylinder眼底 fundus 裂隙灯 slit lamp视力 visual acuity融合 fusion
抑制 suppreion血压blood preure并发症complicationTonometer 眼压计 diplopia 复视trial frame 试镜架ultrasound 超声
Chapter 8
benign (病)良性的; (气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的
malignant 恶性的; 癌转移倾向的
biopsy: A portion of the growth is removed [医]活组织检查, 活组织切片检查 pathology : Evaluation to determine if malignant 病理学
graft: transplant tiue from another part of the patient’s body 移植
flap: skin adjacent to the wound is moved over 皮片，皮瓣
cautery: ①an agent or instrument used to destroy abnormal tiue by burning, searing, or scarring, including caustic substances, electric currents, lasers, and very hot or very cold instruments.腐蚀剂，烧灼器 ②the act or proce of cauterizing.烧灼术，烙术
cryotherapy: the local or general use of low temperatures in medical therapy 冷冻法，低温(冷)疗法
trichiasis : ingrown lashes 倒睫
epilation: the machanical removal of the hair by the roots 拔毛
electrolysis: destruction of living tiue, especially of hair roots, by means of an electric current applied with a needle-shaped electrode.n.电解
ectropion : out-turned lid 睑外翻entropion : in-turned lid 睑内翻 blepharoplasty: plastic surgery of the eyelid (去除眼袋、鱼尾纹等的)眼睑整容术 corneal transplant 角膜移植keratotomy角膜切开术 radial keratotomy 放射状角膜切开术astigmatic keratotomy 散光角膜切开术 Laser-aisted in situ keratomileusis 准分子角膜原位磨镶术
Laser trabeculoplasty: perforation by a laser beam of the trabecular meshwork of the angle of the anterior chamber to facilitate aqueous humor outflow for the treatment of glaucoma.激光小梁塑型术 激光小梁成形术
Trabeculotomy: surgical incision of the trabecular meshwork to create a communication between the anterior chamber and outflow channels, for the treatment of glaucoma.小梁切开术 在小梁网中用手术切开来制造一个通道，使前房能连接到房水流出通道而治疗青光眼。Drainage implant : 房水引流装置植入术 Iridotomy 虹膜切开术Phacoemulsification 超声乳化白内障吸出术 Intraocular lens IOL 人工晶体，眼内晶体receion 后退resection 切除 Scleral buckle 巩膜扣带环Enucleation 眼球摘除术
Chapter 9
antibiotics 抗生素topical 局部的sterile 无菌的inhibitor 抑制剂
