高二英语下册Unit16复习教案
Section I 课前准备、听力、口语
1.Atlanta is known as the “Big Apple”.亚特兰大以“大苹果”为人们所熟知。(p.41 Ex.1 No.3) ★ be known as 作为„„而有名气
▲ known as, known by, known for与known to be known as以„„而知名，著称；be known by意为根据(按照)„得知(较少用)，be known for因„而众所周知，表示之所以被众人所知的原因或特征，for后面常跟抽象动词；be known to则意为“为„所知”，仅仅表示“大家都知道”指某个地方或某一范围的人知道。例如：A man is known by the company he keeps.看其交友可知其人。She was well-known as an excellent dancer.她作为一名优秀的舞蹈家而闻名。He's known for his readine to help others.他乐于助人是非常闻名的。 He’s known to the police as a thief.警察都知道他是个小偷。
辨析：know与recognize
know指“知道”可表示“认识”，也可表示熟悉，了解事物。recognize指“认出，认识，承认”。例如： I don't know the star but I know of him.我不认识这位明星，但我听说过。I recognized his voice in the dark.黑暗中我听出了他的声音。
2.Why do you think Ellis Island was turn into a museum? 你认为为什么Ellis岛变成了博物馆? (p.42 Listening Ex.3 No.1) ★turn into的用法
▲turn既可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词，作及物动词时，turn...into„意为“把„„变成„„”。如： ① I'm thinking of turning the flower garden into a vege- table field.我正在考虑把花园改成菜地。② We can turn a liquid into a gas.我们能使液体变成气体。 ③ Can you turn this paage into English? 你能把这个短文译成英语吗? ▲turn 作不及物动词时，意为“变成”“译成”。如：① He has turned into nice boy after all.他到底变成了一个不错的小伙子。② Jane is turning into quite a skilled musician.简正成长为一个训练有素的音乐家。③ Shakespeare's plays are difficult to turn into any other language.莎士比亚的戏剧译成其他语言是困难的。
3.There is a lot of history connected with people settling in the USA.有一段悠久的历史与在美国定居的人有关。(p.42 Listening Ex.3 B) ★connect ...with ...connect...with...意为“连接”“使有关系”。如：① This road connects Beijing with Tianjin.这条公路连接北京和天津。② The early bus from the village connects with the 8:30 train.村里开出的早班公共汽车可与8点30分开出的火车接上。③ The visit of the police was not connected with the lost child.警察这次来访与失踪的孩子无关。④ Mr Thompson has been connected with our company since 1990.汤普森先生自1990年以来就与我公司有联系。⑤ It's natural to connect Australia with kangaroo.把澳大利亚与袋鼠联系在一起很自然。 ⑥ The police did not connect him with the murder.警方没有想到他与凶杀案有关。⑦ We usually connect spring with sunshine and flowers.通常一提起春天我们就联想到阳光和鲜花。
【注】动词join也有“连接”之意，与介词to连用，与connect...with...作 “连接”解时同义。如：Sometimes the needles are joined to electric wires.有时把针和电线连接起来。
4.Officials treated the people paing through the island badly.官员们粗暴对待那些过岛的人。(p.42 Listening Ex.3 No.2 B) ★pa through的几种用法
▲ pa though 在本课中作“通过”“经过”解释。如：① He paed through the doorway
and entered the room.他穿过门道，走进房间。② The newspaper is paing through the pre.报纸正在印刷中。③ His sister had paed through medical college to become a qualified doctor.他姐姐上完了医学院成了一名合格的医生。④ Henry paed through a very hard time when his wife died.亨利的妻子去世后，他经历了一段十分困难的时期。⑤ When Jane did not come home by midnight, many terrible ideas paed through Mother's mind.简到了半夜还没有回来，这使母亲脑子里闪过了许多可怕的念头。
5.Some people cried when they were refused entry into the USA.一些人在被拒绝进入美国的时候哭了。(p.42 Listening Ex.3 No.2 C) ★ entry
(1) n.进入The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher.老师突然进来把孩子们吓了一跳。The thieves had forced an entry into the building.窃贼闯进了大楼内。
(2) n.[U]进入权 We can't go along that road because the sign says 'No Entry'.我们不能走那条路，牌子上写 着“禁止人内”。
(3) (日记，账本等)项目There is no entry in his diary for that day.他的日记上没有那一天的记录。
辨析：entry与entrance 两词均可表示进入，但entrance特别用于指进入仪式，演出；而entry指进入组织或指进入的权力。例如：to make an entrance onto the stage, an entrance examination；China's entry into the WTO；no entry Section II 阅读
6.Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.自从南北战争以来，美国南方各州一直在竭力找办法处理动荡不安的过去。(p.43 Reading 第一段 第1行) ▲struggle此处是动词，作“尽力使得”解释，后面接不定式。如：① The busineman struggled to free himself from debt.那商人竭力想要摆脱债务。② She struggled to remember where she had been at the time of the accident.她竭力回忆事故发生时她在哪里。
【注】struggle的原意是“挣扎”“斗争”后面可接不定式或for, against, with等介词。如：① Most animals have to struggle for existence in a dangerous world.大多数动物不得不在一个充满危险的世界里为生存而斗争。② The man in the boat struggled with the great waves.小船上的人与巨浪搏斗。③The boy struggled with the question and at last found the answer.那男孩苦想问题，终于找到了答案。④The swimmer struggled against the tide.游泳者奋力与海浪搏斗。 ▲way (1)道路，路线路途 Which is the best / right / quickest / shortest way? 哪条路是最好(正确、最快、最近)的路? The longest / farthest way round / about is the nearest way home.最远的路才是捷径。He made / pushed / fought / felt his way out.他走(挤、冲、摸索着走)出去。
(2)方法，手段 They had no way to communicate with her.他们没有办法与她联系。What's the way of addre- ing the Queen? 怎么称呼女王才得体? The way (that) you are doing it is wrong.你这么做错了。 拓展：by the way 顺便说
on one's way 在„„的路上; on the way 在途中; all the way 一直地; ask the way 问道; by way of 取道，经由; have a long way to go 还要走很远的路，还要做很大的努力; in a / one way 在某种程度上(in) one's own; way 按自己的方式 in the way妨碍
▲ deal with有“对付”“应付”“相处”之意。如：① That man is impoible to deal with.这人无法相处。② I'll get someone else to deal with them.我将另找一个人来对付他们。③ Deal fairly with your students! 对你的学生要公正! ④ He seemed to be quick- tempered, but was actually not difficult to deal with.他性子急，但不难相处。 【注】deal with还常用来表示以下意思：
(1) 是„„的买主；与......有生意往来 The Greens deal with the butcher at the corner of the block.格林家通常在街角处的肉铺买肉。 (2) attend to 处理 (事情、问题、紧急情况等) He is a person who can deal properly with all situations.他是一个能恰当处理各种局面的人。
(3) 关于，论及This article deals with an important subject.这篇文章论及一个重要问题。
7....the pains of slaves brought from Africa by greedy slave owners.被贪婪的奴隶贩子从非洲带来的奴隶的痛苦。(p.43 Reading 第一段 第3行) ▲ pain原意为“疼痛”，表示身体局部的疼痛，其前一般用不定冠词，也可以用复数。如：① Mary is crying because she has a pain in her stomach.玛丽胃疼得哭了起来。② She had pains in her back all the time.她背部一直痛。③ I couldn't sleep for pain.我疼得睡不着觉。
【注】表示身体某部分的疼痛，介词要用in，不可用at或on，如例句① ②。
【注】pain表示“痛苦”时，是不可数名词。如：① You will forgive me if I have given your pain.如果我给了你痛苦，请你原谅我。② The pain in her heart was intolerable.她内心的痛苦简直无法忍受。③ It will cause her infinite pain.这会给她带来无限的痛苦。④ How well I understood the confusion and pain of her parents! 我非常理解她父母的迷惑和痛苦! 【注】 pain作“烦恼”“辛苦”“费心”“努力”解释时要用复数形式。如：① He is a good teacher and takes great pains with his pupils.他是个好老师，非常尽力地教育学生。 ② With great pains and much patience, I at last managed to get from them the information I wanted.我煞费苦心，坚韧不拔，总算从他们那里弄来了我需要的信息。② The old lady had taken great pains with her hair.这老太太在头发上花了一番工夫。③ She took great pains to show me how the computer worked.她努力向我展示这台计算机的工作原理。
【注】in pain是“痛苦”“疼痛”之意，通常作表语，with pain是“疼痛地” “痛得”之意，用作状语。如：① The soldier Was wounded, and in pain.这名战士受伤了，疼得很。② The boy Was crying with pain after he broke his arm.这男孩摔断胳膊后疼得哭叫起来。 【注】也可作动词用，意为“使心痛(痛苦)”“使苦恼”。如：① It pained me to watch them quarrel.看见他们争吵我很难受。② On nights like this, his wounded foot pained him.在这样的夜晚，他的伤脚就作痛。③ My tooth doesn't pain me now.我的牙齿现在不痛了。 8.„ the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement.许多人在民权运动中所作出的牺牲。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒数第4行) ▲ sacrifice (1) n.[U]供奉，献祭，祭祀 the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter.用牛祭祀朱庇特。 (2) [C]供品，祭品，牺牲 Kill a sheep as a sacrifice.宰羊用作祭品。
(3) [U]放弃某事物(通常是重要或有价值的东西) Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles.为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的。He became a top sports- man at some sacrifice to himself.他付出了些代价才成为优秀的运动员。 (4) [C]牺牲的事物 Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university.她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲。
(5) v.供奉，献祭，牺牲某物 She sacrificed her career to marry him.她为了嫁给他
牺牲了自己的事业。The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy.汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想。 I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane.我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西。
9.The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep.伤口很难愈合，伤疤很深。(p.43 Reading 第一段 倒数第3行) ▲在作表语的形容词后的不定式，如果不带宾语，则与句子的主语往往有一种逻辑上的动宾关系，如本句to heal逻辑上的宾语是句子的主语the wounds；若该不定式动词是不及物动词，则其后应加上适当的介词，与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，请体会下列例句的意思和结构。① Your writing is impoible to read.你的书法没法认。② My car is hard to start in cold weather.我的车天冷时很难发动。③ Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? ④ The food is not fit to eat.这食品不适合吃。
【注】上述例句中，不定式动词均为及物动词，其逻辑宾语是句子的主语，若不定式动词为不及物动词，则需加一介词。如：① The room is comfortable to live in.这房间住起来很舒服。② Mr Turner is easy to get along with.特纳先生很容易相处。③ The bench is long enough to sleep on.这凳子很长，可以在上面睡觉。 ▲run此处为连系动词(常作连系动词)，后接形容词，意为“变得” (进入或达到某一状态) 。如: ① The fiver was beginning to run dry.河水开始干涸起来。② They had to return to camp because their food supply was running low.因为粮食不够了，他们只好返回营地。③ You mustn't let the children run wild and do exactly what they like.你不要让孩子们毫无约束，爱干什么就干什么。④ Prices for fruit are running high this season.这个季节的水果价格上涨了。⑤ As the fuel ran short, the plane was forced to land.由于燃料快要用完，飞机被迫降落。
【注】(1) 负责(某事物)，经营，管理 He has no idea of how to run a succeful busine.他不知道把企业办好的办法。Stop trying to run my life for me! 我的生活不用你来管。 (2) (使某物)动转，起作用。Your new car seems to run very nicely.你的新车开起来不错。
(3) (指公共汽车等) (沿一固定路线) 往来行驶。Buses to Oxford run every half an hour.去牛津的公共汽车每半个小时一班。The trains don't run on Christmas Day.圣诞节火车停驶。
(4) run还有“内容为„„”之意。如：① He received a note which ran as follows.他收到一个条子，内容如下。 ② The story runs like this.故事大致内容如下。③ This is how the song runs.这首歌曲是这样唱的。
10.Even today, the South is far behind the rest of the United States in areas such as education and economic development.甚至到今天，南部在教育和经济发展方面都远远落后于美国其他州。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒数第2行) ▲ behind prep.(1) 在或向(某人，物)后面 Who is the girl standing behind Richard? 站在理查德后面的那个姑娘是谁? She glanced behind her.她向身后瞥了一眼。The accident is behind you now.事情已过去了，别再想它了。
(2) 落后于„„ Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technology.在发展现代技术方面英国落后于日本。 (3) 支持(人，物)，赞成 My family is right behind me in my ambition to become a doctor.我的家人对于我立志从医很赞同。
11.There are signs that a new, different south is coming out of its dark past.有迹象表明，从黑暗的过去中将诞生出一个崭新的，完全不同的南方。(p.43 Reading 第二段 第2行) ▲ come out of意为“有„„的结果”。如：① Nothing came out of this talk.这次会
议没有产生任何结果。② Well, what came out of your careful planning?喂，你那样精心筹划的结果怎样? ③ No one can say what will come out of the discuion.谁也说不上讨论会有什么结果。
【注】come out后接不同的介词表示不同的意思。如come out with意为“说出来”“讲出”“发表”。如： ① If you have anything in your mind, I want you to come out with it.你要是有什么想法，我希望你说出来。② He came out with some funny ideas.他提出了一些可笑的想法。③ That year they came out with another article.那一年他们又发表了一篇文章。
【注】come out意为“出版„出来”。如：① The magazine comes out once a month.这本杂志每月出一期。② The truth has come out at last.真相终于大白。
【注】 come out还有“开花”“褪色”“罢工”等意思，要根据句意来推测其确切的意思。如：① I think the roses will come out next week.我想玫瑰下星期要开了。 ② Will the color come out if the cloth is washed? 这布洗了会褪色吗? ③ The dockers have come out on strike.码头工人罢工了。④ How did the film come out? 这片子拍得怎样? 12.Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War.亚特兰大在内战中被烧毁。(p.43 Reading 第二段 第4行) ▲ burn down意为“烧掉”“焚毁”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：① The school building was burned down in that big fire.在那场大火中，学校大楼被烧毁。② The whole village was burned down bv the enemy.整个村庄都被敌人烧毁了。③ The woodshed burnt down in half an hour.小木屋半个小时就烧毁了。
【注】burn down所指的“烧毁”多是指将高大的物体烧毁，烧塌，而 burn up也有“烧掉”“烧毁”之意，其范围比burn down要广，既可指建筑物被烧毁，也可指其他的东西被烧毁，烧掉。如：① All his books were burnt up in the fire.他所有的书都在这场火灾中被焚。② The fire burnt up mole than ￡500000 worth of antiques.这次大火烧毁了价值五十万的古董。③ The house burned up before the firemen got there.还没等消防人员来到，那房子就烧毁了。
【注】请注意burn down。burn up burning与burn out的区别，后者意为 “烧完”“烧坏”“烧尽”。如：① The fire burned out for lack of fuel.由于没有燃料，火灭掉了。② Her enthusiasm seems to have burned out.她的热情似乎已耗尽了。③ The poet's ability burnt itself out before he was thirty.诗人的才能还不到三十岁就枯竭了。
【注】burn out也可表示将建筑物或其他物体烧掉。如：The building was burned out and only walls remained.大楼被焚毁，只剩下残壁。
13.Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War.亚特兰大很快从战争的破坏中恢复过来。(p.43 Reading 第三段 第1行) ▲recover在本课中作不及物动词用，通常与from连用，意为“从„„中恢复”；作及物动词用时，意为“恢复”，通常与from连用，意为 “从„„中恢复”。如： ① A healthy child quickly recovers from a fever.健康的孩子发了烧很快就会好。② The athlete soon recovered his breath after the final dash.这位运动员在冲刺之后很快就呼吸正常了。③ She had not yet recovered from the shock.她还没有完全从惊吓中恢复过来。④ Don't go back to work until you have fully recovered.等你痊愈了，再去上班。
【注】 recover与反身代词连用时意为“镇定下来”“恢复原样”。如: ① She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.不一会儿，她冷静下来，不再哭了。② The skater stumbled but at once recovered himself.滑冰的人绊了一下，但立即恢复了平衡。③ She made a great effort to recover herself.她极力使自己镇定下来。
【注】recover “恢复(能力，健康等)” I'm slowly recovering my strength after a flu.流感以后我身体慢慢恢复。She recovered her consciousne.她已恢复了知觉。
【注】recover还有“重新找到” “找回(被盗，遗失之物)重新获得某事物” “收复(回)”之意。如: ① Recently a man -made satellite we sent up has been recovered.最近我们发射的一颗人造卫星已返回地面。 ② The police helped them to recover their stolen jewellery.警察帮助他们把被窃的珠宝找回来了。③ The boy recovered his football from the neighbour's lawn.男孩从邻居的草坪上找回了自己的足球。
【注】重新控制 (自己，行为，情绪) She recovered herself and smiled.她恢复了常态笑了笑。The murderer never recovered his peace of mind.这个杀手心里从没有平静过。 【注】重新获得(金钱，时间，地位) They sought to recover damages from the firm.他们设法向那家公司索取赔偿金。
14.Despite the hardships of the post – war years and the Great Depreion,„ 不管战后年代和大萧条时期有多么艰难，„ (p.43 Reading 第三段倒数第2行) ★介词despite的用法
▲ despite意为“不管”“任凭”，相当于in spite of，后接名词、代词或动词，但语气比后者轻，不如后者常用。如: ① He went out despite bad weather.他不管天气恶劣出发了。② Despite the fogs we went out for a walk.尽管有雾，我们还是外出散步。③ Despite myself, Harry's remarks had caused me to stop and reflect.尽管不是我的本意，哈里的话使得我停下来想了想。④ Despite waiting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.尽管很想再见到他，她却拒不答复他的来信。
【注】despite后可接what引导的从句。如: ① Despite what she says, I'll go.不管她怎么说，我也要去。② I would support him despite what he did.不管他做什么，我都支持他。 【注】 despite = in spite of,故不能再与of连用; in spite of / despite + 名词 = although + 从句
(a) The plane took off in spite of the bad weather.(= although the weather was bad) (b)The plane will take off regardle of the weather.(= no matter whether the weather is good or bad) in spite of= despite; regardle of = without considering or taking notice of 15.„ but where segregation took away many of their rights.但是种族隔离制度剥夺了他们的许多权利。(p.44 Reading 第二段 第3行) ▲ take away (1) 在餐馆买(带回家)，带走 Two chicken curries and rice to take away.劳驾，要两份外卖的咖喱鸡饭。
(2)(使心情等) 消失 The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain.医生给了他些止疼药。Anxiety has taken away his appetite.他愁得吃不下饭。
(3) (从某处)移去，移开(某事或某物) What takes you away so early? 你为什么这么早就走? 拓展：take apart 拆开; take back 收回(诺言，话语); take down 拿下来，记下来; take in 接受；理解；欺骗; take off 脱下; take on 接受，从事(工作)；雇佣; take out 取出，拿出; take over 接管; take up 开始学习(从事活动) 16.The injustice of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation.这座城市以及整个南方的不公正导致金博士组织非暴力的示威运动，目的是结束隔离制度。(p.44 Reading 第二段 第3 – 4行) ▲lead to和lead sb.to do sth.的区别：前者是“通向”“引起”，to为介词。后接名词、代词或动名词，而后者的to是不定式的符号，是不定式作宾语补足语，意为“使得„„做某事”。如: ① "Where does this road lead?" "It leads to the railway station." “这条路通到哪里?” “通向火车站。” ② These paages lead to the rooms inside.这些走
廊通向里面的房间。③ Blindly copying others might lead to loes.盲目照搬别人的经验可能导致损失。④ All this has led to rapid progre in industry in the area.所有这些使这个地区的工业迅速发展。⑤ That led me to think that the boy was ill.那使我想到孩子是病了。⑥ His answer led me to make further inquiries.他的回答促使我进一步调查。⑦ His amazing intelligence led him to make many discoveries.他惊人的智力使他有很多发现。
▲aim at意为“目的是”“为的是”。① I don't understand his behavior.What's he aiming at? 我不理解他的行为，他意图何在? ② The factory must aim at increasing production.工厂必须致力于增加产量。③ He aims at perfection in everything he does.他做每一件事都力求做得尽善尽美。
【注】也可以说aim to do sth.即在aim后用不定式表示目的。如：① He aims to gain the Nobel Prize.他的目标是得到诺贝尔奖金。② We aim to produce superior goods, not large quantities.我们的目标是生产优质产品，而不是追求数量。③ The hunter aimed at the lion and fired, but mied him.猎人对着狮子开了枪，但未击中。 ④ The students picked up stones and aimed them at the policemen.学生们捡起一些石头，冲着警察投去。⑤ In saying this, I'm not aiming at you.我这话不是针对你说的。⑥ His speech was not only aimed at the older boys.他的话不光是说给那些年龄较大的男孩子听的。 ⑦ We all realized who that remark was aimed at.我们心里都明白那句话是冲谁说的。
【注】aim at作“针对”解释时，如主语是人，多用主动语态，如主语是人所说的话，所作的评论等，则常用be aimed at，见上述例句 ⑤ ⑥ ⑦。
17.The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites.这个城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突。(p.44 Reading 第二段 第4行) ▲本句是用拟人化的手法赋予无生命的主语以人的动作，以增加句子的表现力，类似的句子有: ① The year 1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China.一九四九年见证了中华人民共和国的诞生。② His unselfish work is beginning to tell.他无私的工作开始产生效果。③ Her nervousne began to tell as soon as she entered the room.她一进房间就表现出紧张不安。④ My watch says it is nine already.我的表显示已经九点了。
▲series意为“连续” “系列”，单复数相同，常用a series of表示“系 列”。如: ① They carried out a series of expe- riment to test the new drug.他们进行了一系列试验试新药。② The region has suffered from a series of natural disasters.该地区遭受了一连串的自然灾害。③ She was invited to give a series of lectures on American politics.她被邀请就美国政治作系列讲座。④ There has been a series of ear accidents at the croing.在那个交叉路口已经发生了一连串的车祸。
【注】a series of...之后要用名词复数，但通常整个谓语用单数。A series of books has been translated into English 一系列书被译成了英文。
18.„ and millions of Americans watched as people marched through Atlanta in honour of Dr King.千百万美国人观看了人们为悼念金博士而穿过亚特兰大的游行。(p.44 Reading 第二段 倒数第3行) ▲ in honour of意思是“为向„„表示敬意”“为纪念(庆祝)”也可以说in sb.'s honour。如: ① A memorial was built in honour of those who died for the country.为纪念为国捐躯者建了一座纪念碑。② A holiday was declared in honour of the President's visit.为庆祝总统到来特宣布放假一日。③ Mr Mandela will attend an outdoor concert in his honour in the centre of Paris.尊敬的曼德拉先生将出席在巴黎中心举办的一场露天音乐会。④ The cere- mony Was held in honour of the Queen's birthday.这庆典是为庆祝女王的生日而举行的。⑤ A memorial meeting was held in his honour.举行了一个纪念他的集会。
【注】有关honour的用法我们学过的还有have the honour of doing sth.或it is one's honour to do sth.意为“乐于做某事”或“有幸做某 事”，do honour to或do sb.honour意思是“用„„来庆祝„„”或 “使某人增添光荣”。如: ① It's a great honour to meet you.认识你三生有幸。② He is one of the most interesting people I have the honour of meeting.他是我有幸认识的最有趣的人之一。③ Her behavior in such a difficult situation does her honour.她在逆境中的表现给自己增添了光荣。④ They dreed their ships with flags to do honour to the occasions.他们用旗帜把船只装饰起来庆祝这重要的日子。
19.Dr King's efforts were not in vain.金博士的努力没有白费。(p.44 Reading 第二段 倒数第3行) ▲in vain意为“徒劳”“无效”“枉费心机”。如: ① It became obvious that all her complaints were in vain.很显然她的所有投诉都是徒劳的。② The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。③ He wants the world to know his son did not die in vain.他想让全世界的人都知道他的儿子没有白死。 【注】vain adj.(1) 对自己(的才干等)自视过高的，自负的 She is a vain girl.她是位虚荣的女孩。He is always vain of his appearance.他对自己的容貌总很自负。
(2) 无价值的，无意义的 It is vain to try to save him 试图救他是徒然的。
(3)无结果的，徒然；无效果的，无用的 Try in vain to sleep.怎么也睡不着。The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。All our work was in vain.我们所有的工作都白费了。
【注】 vain常见的词组还有：in a vain attempt / effort to do sth.妄图做„„但未成功，in the vain hope that未能如愿。如: ① I was singing in a vain effort to cheer him up.我本想唱支歌使他高兴起来，但未能如愿。 ② The crazy football fans were in a vain attempt to make trouble during the match.疯狂的球迷们妄图在比赛期间捣乱，但没有成功。③ He married his fourth wife, Susan, in the vain hope that she would improve his health.他跟他的第四个妻子苏珊结了婚。，希望她能改善他的健康，但没有如愿。 20.During the Olympics, the eyes of the world were on Atlanta.在奥运会期间，全世界的目光都集中在亚特兰大。(p.44 Reading 第三段 第3行) ▲介词on在此处作“(视，盯)在„„(目标)上”解释。如: ① Allen is eating, her eyes on her food.埃伦吃东西时两眼盯着食物。② Jim came in, his eyes were fixed on Della as if he didn't know her.吉姆走了进来，他的眼睛盯住了黛拉好像不认识她似的。③ He fixed his eyes on something moving on the wall.他一直盯着在墙上蠕动的东西。 【注】请注意on的几种常见用法
1.on表示“关于(某个题目)”“在(某个问题)上”。如：① Write a term paper 0n Shakespeare.写一篇关于莎士比亚的学期论文。② I differ from you on that point.在这一点上我和你看法不同。③ He is absorbed in his work on bacteria.他专心进行他关于细菌的工作。
2.on用于引申意义，表示“在„„身上”“在心上”等。如: ①My mind is still on the research.我的心思仍然在这项研究上。② Have you got any money on you? 你身上带钱了吗? ③ I saw it on television.我是在电视上看到的。
3.表示“在......时”后跟动名词或名词，表示一个动作紧接着另一个动作。如: ① On reaching the city，he called up Mary.一到城里，他就给玛丽打电话。② The boys stood up on the entrance of the headmaster.校长进来时男孩子们都站了起来。③Oh his return from Europe, he set to work again.他一从欧洲回来，就投入了工作。
4.表示原因，意为“根据”“由于”“在„„下”。如: ① He did it on the instruction of the manager.他是根据经理的指示这样做的。② I came on your invitation.我是在你
的邀请下来的。
4.表示目的。如: ①She had come on a visit to England.她来访问英国。② The Turners had been away on a long trip.特纳一家离开去长途旅行了。 5.表示“靠„„生活”“以„„为主食”。如: ① The prisoners could not exist on bread and water.囚犯也不能单靠面包和水生活。② They lived mostly on vegetables from their garden.他们主要靠园子里的蔬菜生活。
21.„ but the people there are determined to make a new beginning.但是那儿的人民决心从头开始。(p.44 Reading 最后一段 第2行) ★ 动词determine的常见用法
▲ determine意为“决定”“决心”，后面常跟不定式或从句。如: ① They determined to stay there till the year was up.他们决定在那儿一直待到年底。② The explorer determined to set out tile next day in spite of the storm.探险者决定不顾风暴次日出发。③ Have you determined where you are going to spend the holidays? 你决定去度假的地方了吗? ④Nobody determined what is to be done.没有人决定下一步怎么办。 【注】determine作上述解释时，可以跟on引导的短语。如: ① They determined on an early start.他们决定早动身。② He has determined on going tomorrow.他已决定明天去。 【注】上述例句⑤⑥相当于determine后接不定式。
▲determine常用作过去分词作表语，意为“有决定”“下定决心”，后接不定式或从句，如本课正是此用法。如: ① She was determined not follow his advice.她决定不按他的劝告办。② He was determined that no one should know anything about it.他决定不让任何人知道这事。③ They were determined to fight for their nation's independence and freedom to the end.他们决心为国家的独立和自由斗争到底。④ He was determined that his son should have a good education.他决定要让他的儿子接受良好的教育。
▲determine有“使决定”“使下决心”之意，后接不定式作宾补。如: ① What determined you to accept the offer? 什么原因使你接受这项提议? ② His advice deter- mined me to delay no more.他的忠告使我决定不再拖延。③ Your answer determined me to do so.你的答复使我决定这样做。
▲determine亦可作“确定”“限定”“算出”解释。如: ① The size of your feet determines the size of your shoes.脚的大小决定鞋子的尺码。② They determined the date for our party.他们确定了我们聚会的日期。③ The position of the earth in relation to the sun determines the seasons.地球与太阳之间的相对位置决定一年四季的变化。 22.In 1996, Atlanta hosted the Olympic Games.一九九六年，亚特兰大举办了奥运会。(p.44 Post-Reading E) ▲此处host作动词用，意为“主办”“作„„的主人”“接待”。如: ① Birmingham is hosting this year's trade fair.伯明翰将主办今年的交易会。② Which country is going to host the next World Cup? 下届世界杯由哪一个国家主办? ③ The group was hosted by the ambaador.这一群人受到了大使的款待。
【注】 host还有“作„„的节目主持人”之意，一般用于非正式场合。如: ① She's now hosting her own show.她正主持自己的节目。② Mr Smith has been hosting the show for two years.史密斯先生主持该节目有两年了。
【注】 host作名词用时有“主人”“东道主”“主办(单位、国家)”之意。如: ① Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.除了主人外我谁都不认识。② Barcelona was chosen to be the host of the 1992 Olympic Games.巴塞罗纳被选为一九九二年奥运会东道主城市。 ③ The host team and the guest team won each of the games, so they were even with each other.主队和客队各赢一场，现在他们两队打平了。
【注】host作名词时是指男主人，女主人用hoste，但hoste不能作动词用。如: My hoste
greeted me with unexpected warmth.我的女主人出乎意料地热情欢迎我。 Section III 词汇、语法、综合技能
23.The Native Americans lived by gathering roots, „ 美洲土族民族以采集根茎„ 为生。(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第一段 第2行) * gather v.(1) 聚集，集合，召集A crowd soon gathered.很快聚集起一群人。Gather round and listen, children! 孩子们，围过来听我说。
(2) 收集，收扰 (分散的东西) Give me a moment to gather my notes together.给我些时间整理一下笔记。She gathered up her scatted belongs and left.她把自己的散乱物品收好就走了。
(3) 搜集，采集(水果等) The small boy gathered mushrooms in the fields.小男孩在田中采集蘑菇。
(4) 收割，收获 The harvest has been safely gathered in.庄稼已妥善收获完毕。 (5) 增加(某事物) The darkne is gathering.夜色渐浓。The car gathered speed.汽车速度逐渐加快了。
辨析：gather与collect 这两个词都有“聚集”的意思，gather是普通用语，指“集中起来”，既指具体的人和物，也可指抽象的印象、思维、力气等。collect是“收集，聚集”之意，指有计划，有选择的收集，强调日积月累的过程，有时和gather通用。He is gathering information.他在收集信息。The clouds are gathering。and it would probably rain.云在聚集，也许要下雨。The patient is gathering strength.病人正在恢复体力。Do you collect stamps? 你集邮吗? His work is to collect information.他的工作是收集资料。
联想：altogether adv.完全，总共; together adv.在一起，共同; gathering n.采集，集合
24.They hunted bison, a type of wild animals which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.土族民族狩猎野牛，这是一种曾经在美洲平原上大量存在过的一种野生动物。(p.47 第二段第1行) ★ type和kind ▲(a)type of作“种类” “类型”解释时，后接单数名词，不用复数名词，该名词前不加任何限定词。例如我们可以说a different type of bicycle，但不可说a different type of a bicycle(或bicycles)如: ① What type of plan is this? 这是一种什么计划? ② The engineer designed a new type of plane.这位工程师设计了一种新型飞机。
【注】但type作“典范”解释时，其后的名词可以被限定词所修饰。① Abraham Lincoln was a fine type of the American patriotism.阿巴拉罕·林肯是美国爱国史上的典范。② Liu Hulan was a fine type of the revolutionary here.刘胡兰是革命英雄人物的典范。③ John is a fine type of school boy.约翰是学生的典范。
【注】types后面的名词可用复数，也可用单数，但作主语时相应的谓语动词一律用复数，与types保持一致。如: Several new types of computer(s) are on show.几种新型的计算机正在展出。
【注】上述type的用法，亦适用于kind，即a kind of后面的名词通常是单数，且该名词前不用冠词或其他限定词，如a certain kind of rose等, 请看下列例句: ①What kind of animal is it? 这是一种什么动物? ② Is this kind of TV set made in Shanghai? 这种电视机是上海制造的吗? 【注】kinds后的名词既可用单数，也可用复数，但其作主语时，其后的谓语动词应用复数，与kinds保持一致。如: ① These kinds of rose(s) are beautiful to look at.这几种玫瑰很好看。② There are different kinds of birds in the woods and they sing beautifully.
林子里有各种各样的鸟，它们唱着悦耳动听的歌。 【注】 a kind of意为“某种”或“一种不甚明确的”。如: ① The dances of the bees are a kind of language.蜜蜂的舞蹈是一种语言。② I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.我有点怀疑他在欺骗。
【注】kind of常用在口语中，作状语修饰动词，意为“有点”“有几分”。① I kind of thought he would come.我似乎感到他会来的。② I kind of thought this would happen. 我似乎预感到此事会发生。
25.„ while their fur provided warm clothing during cold winters.冬天取其皮毛御寒。(p.47 第二段第5行) ★动词provide的用法
▲provide意为“提供”“供给”，在provide sb.后常接with介词短语，表示所提供的事物。在provide sth.后常接for sb.，表示向谁提供。如: ①This book will provide you with the information you need.这本书会向你提供你所需要的信息。② Food and drink were provided for all of them.向他们全体提供了食物和饮料。③ That hotel provides good meals.那家旅馆伙食很好。④ These rivers provide water flor irrigation.这些河流提供了灌溉用水。
【注】 provide亦可作“预防”“作好准备”“提供生计”解释，常与against或 for连用。如: ① We have to provide against accidents.我们必须做好应付事故的准备。② They had to provide for their old age.他们得积攒点钱以备在老年时用。③ We will see that au the old folks are provided for from now on.从现在起，我们要做到老有所养。④ He has a large family to provide for.他需赡养一大家子人。
【注】 provide还有“规定”之意。如: They enjoy all the rights provided in the constitution.他们享有宪法所规定的一切权利。
【注】 provide的过去分词可引导条件状语从句，从句中的谓语动词用一般时态，而不用将来时。如: ① You may keep the book another week provided that no one else requires it.只要没有别人要这本书，你还可再借一个星期。② Provided that no objection is raised, we shall hold the meeting here.如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会了。
【注】provided that中的that有时可省略。如:He should be home soon provided the buses haven't been held up.只要汽车没误点，他应该就要到家了。
26.From about 1830 onwards in the USA, ...在美国从大约一八三O年起。(p.47 第三段第1行) ▲onwards与on同义，后缀-wards常用来构成副词，表示方向，如: eastwards，westwards，southwards，northwards，forwards，backwards，upwards，downwards等。① From now on, we'll study harder than before.从现在起，我们要比以前更努力地学习。② They went on sailing eastwards, until they saw the land.他们不断地向东航行，终于看到了陆地。③ From 1990 onwards, the seaside town began to take on a new look.从一九九O年起，这个海滨小城开始展现新的面貌。④ From 1993 onwards, they tried again and again to go acro the desert on foot.从一九九三年起，他们多次努力要徒步穿过沙漠。⑤ Get back! Step forward and I'll fire.回去!再向前的话我就开枪了。
27.Settlers made agreements with native American chiefs.移民者和土著人头领达成协议。(p.47 第三段第5行) ▲agreement此处作可数名词，意为“协议”，常与arrive，reach，keep，break，make，sign等动词连用。如: ① The two countries signed an agreement on nuclear weapons.两国签订了一项关于核武器的协议。② I'm sorry you couldn't arrive at an agreement.很遗憾你们不能达成协议。③ Many agreements have been made between the two countries.两国之间签订了很多协议。
【注】agreement可以后接不定式或从句表示agreement的内容作定语 ① We reached an agreement with them to cooperate fully at all time.我们与他们达成在任何情况下都合作的协议。② The negotiators came to an agreement that all troops would be withdrawn.谈判者达成协议，撤出所有部队。
【注】 agreement可用作不可数名词，意为“意见(或目的等)”“一致”“同意”。如: ① The two sides failed to reach agreement.双方未能达成共识。② We are in agreement with their decision.我们同意他们的决定。③ We are in full agreement with them on all points.在所有方面我们和他们看法完全一致。④ There's little agreement as to what our policies should be.关于我们该采取什么政策，意见很不一致。⑤ We have to get their agreement before we go ahead with the plan.在进行这项计划之前，我们必须得到他们的同意。 28.While early settlers had killed bison for food, „ 早期的移民宰杀野牛是为了充饥„ (p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第四段 第2行) * while conj.在„„的同时，当„„的时候
(1) while与延续性动词连用，而when既可与延续性动词也可与终止性动词连用。
(2) 表示一个人的两个动作交替或同时进行时，多用as表示“一边„„，一边„„”；when很少用于这种情况。
(3) 当表示两个同步发展的情况时，多用as而不用when或while。 (4) 当表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生时，用as要多于用when。
(5) while用作并列连词，连接一个并列句，意为“而，却”，表示前后意义上的对比和转折。 While he was reading，he fell asleep.他在读书的时候睡着了。He came while we were having dinner.我们在吃晚饭时他来了。When he came, we were having supper.他来时，我们正吃晚饭。(不能用while) When / While I was sleeping, a thief broke in我睡觉时，小偷撬门而入。 He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地向后看。She dances as she sings.她一边唱歌，一边跳舞。As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.随着时间的推移，她变得越来越烦躁不安。As children get older，they are getting more and more interested in things about them.随着孩子们年龄的增长，他们对周围的事物越来越感兴趣。 Just as he caught the flying worm, he gave a loud cry.他刚抓住那只飞虫，就大声地叫了起来。I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.我刚想起，你就开口说了出来。 Some people are rich while others are poor.有些人富，有些人穷。I'm interested in sports while my brother is fond of music.我对体育很感兴趣，而我的弟弟爱好音乐。
29.They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.他们把野牛杀了，剥去牛皮，抛弃尸体，任其腐烂。(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第四段 第4行) ★leave...behind的两种用法
▲leave...behind作“留下”解释，是执行者有意识的动作。如: ① The men had all run away leaving only old women and children.男人们都跑了，只留下年老的妇女和孩子。② I shall leave you behind if you are not quick.如果你不快点，我就把你丢在后面不管了。③ In their withdrawal，much of the heavy equipment had to be left behind.他们在撤退时不得不留下许多笨重的东西。 ④ His wife left behind two little girls.他妻子死后留下两个小女孩。⑤ You'll have to put in some extra work at night if you don't want to get left behind.如果你不想被别人超过，就必须利用晚上时间做更多的工作。
▲leave behind还有“遗忘” “遗留”之意，为执行者无意识的动作。如: ① 0h，dear! The travelling bag has been left behind.唉呀!旅行袋忘了拿了。② It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.这遗留下一连串问题和困难。③ I have left my keys behind
at the office.我把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
30.With fewer bison, gra shoots were not eaten, „ 因为野牛少了，嫩草没有牛吃，„ (p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 最后一段 第1行) ▲ with (1) 表原因 My hand were blue with cold.我的双手冻得发紫。The captain was beef-red with anger.上尉气得满脸通红。The boy trembled with fear.这男孩害怕得 发抖。
(2) (表示方式等)„„地，„„着，以„„ You must handle this parcel with care.这个包裹你须小心轻放。He speaks English with ease and fluency.她说英语不费力而且流利。She performed the operation with great skill.她极为熟练地给病人施行手术。
(3) (表示工具，手段等)用 Did you write with a pen or pencil? 你用钢笔写还是用铅笔写? It’s best to draw lines with a ruler.用尺子划线最合适。
31.„ which as a result became le good for growing plants.这就越来越不适合植物的生长。(p.47 最后一段第4行) ★as a result和as a result of ▲as a result意为“因此”“所以”，后面的内容表示结果，而as a result of则意为“因为(由于)„„”，of后面的内容表示原因；请对照下列例句，辨析这两个词组之间的差别。① My car broke down and as a result, I was unable to get there.我的车出了故障，因此我没能到那里去。② The flight was delayed as a result of fog.因有雾，该航班误点。③ We went on walking in spite of the rain, as a result, we all got a bad cold.我们不顾下雨继续往前走，结果都得了重感冒。④ He was late as a result of the traffic jam.由于交通阻塞，他迟到了。
【注】as a result后面常接一个分句，as a result of常接名词、代词或动名词。
32.„ , and the insects which lived on these plants died out.原来靠那些植物卫生的昆虫也都死了。(p.47 最后一段第3行) ★die out的含义
(1) (指家族, 物种)死光, 灭绝, 绝迹 These animals have already died out.这些动物已经绝种。
(2) (指习俗，做法)消失，过时 ① The old traditions are dying out.旧传统正在消失。② That style of music died out ten years ago.那种音乐十年前就听不到了。 (3) 作熄灭解，out为副词。 The fire has died out.火熄了。
拓展：die away 消逝，平息，静下来; die down平息，熄灭; die for 迫切想要; die from 由于„„而死; die off 一个个死掉，绝种
【注】 注意die out与die away的区别，后者主要指风、声、光等自然现象逐渐停止、消失。如: ① The wind has died away again.风又停了。 ② The sound of the car died away in the distance.汽车的声响在远处消逝。
【注】die out意为“消亡”“灭绝”，而die off则意为“(一个一个)地死亡”。如: ① The leaves of this plant are dying off.这株植物的叶子正在一片一片地凋谢。② The deer in the forest are dying off from disease.森林中的鹿正因疾病而陆续死亡。
33.This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.这样反过来又影响了狼的食物供应。(p.47 最后一段第2行) ▲in turn意为“依次”“逐个地”“转而”“反过来”。如: ① Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。② We'll cro the bridge in turn.我们将挨个过桥。③ The students answered the teacher's questions in turn.学生们依次回答老师的问题。④ The boys were summoned in turn to see the examiner.男孩们被依次叫进去见考官。⑤ He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progre of his other subjects.他在数学上花的时间太多，这同时影
响他的其他学科的进步。
【注】以上用法中的turn不能用作复数。
【注】 take turns at (或in) doing sth.意为“轮流做某事”，相当于do sth.in turn。注意两短语中名词的单复数。① Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother.玛丽和海伦轮流熬夜陪伴她们生病的母亲。② The athletes took turns in singing songs and reciting poems.运动员们一个接一个地唱歌和朗诵诗。
【注】 turn也可解释为“短时间的活动”, 相当于a short period of activity, turn在这里作可数名词用。如: ① I'll take a few hams round the deck before I go to bed.就寝之前我要在甲板上散一会儿步。② I'll take a turn at the oars now if you want a rest.如果你要休息，我来划一会儿浆。
拓展：take one's turn 轮班(做某事); take turns 轮流(做某事); by turns 轮流; on the turn 将好转
五年级英语下册 unit16 leon93,96教案 人教新起点
五年级英语下册 unit16 leon94,95教案 人教新起点
Unit16 The United States of America知识点总复习教案
