虚拟语气的特殊形式
◆ 1.当虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词和主句中的谓语动词发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据实际的时间选用适当的动词形式。运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了(from )。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 ③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了
（从句与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；主句与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“ would/should/could/might+ 动词原形”。）
If you had earned enough money，you would live a happy life in the future.如果你已挣了足够的钱，你今后就会过上幸福的生活。
◆ 2.在虚拟语气中，有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示，而是通过相应的介词或连词来表示，如 without， but for， or， but， otherwise 等。如：
But for your help，we couldn’t have finished the task in time.（= If you hadn’t helped us… tomorrow…）
要不是你的帮助，我们就不会按时完成任务。
◆ 3.在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果条件状语从句位于句首，且从句中含有 were， had 或 should ，则可以省略 if ，并用倒装结构。如：
Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to stay at home.（= If it should rain tomorrow…）如果明天下雨，我们就得呆在家里。
◆ 4.如果主句中含有 would rather， would as soon， would sooner 或 would prefer ，则从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。如：I would prefer he worked hard.我倒希望他能够努力学习。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
◆ 5.在“ It’s （high/ about） time + that 从句”中， that 从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，表示“是该……的时候了”，其形式为一般过去时或“ should + 动词原形”，但 should 不能省略。如：It’s time that we began our meeting.是该开会的时候了。
It is high time that we should tell him the truth.是我们该告诉他真相的时候了。
◆ 6.在表示建议、命令、要求、坚持（ suggest ， order ， demand ， propose ， request ， command ， insist ）等相关的名词性从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ （should） + 动词原形”。如：
The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now.要求我们在天亮之前赶到小村庄的命令刚刚下达。（同位语从句）
The suggestion is that we （should） recite a paage each day.
建议是我们每天应背诵一篇短文。（表语从句）
It is demanded that we （should） get everything ready by tonight.
我们被要求今晚之前把一切都准备好。（主语从句）
◆ 7.在“ It is + 形容词 + that 从句”中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ （should） + 动词原形”。这类形容词有 neceary， important， eential， strange， natural 等。如：
It is neceary that he （should）be sent to the hospital at once.
立刻送他进医院是非常必要的。
◆ 8.由 wish 引起的表示愿望的宾语从句，其谓语要用虚拟语气。当 wish 表示的是与现在或当时事实相反的愿望时，它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时或过去进行时；当 wish 表示的是与过去事实相反的愿望时，它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时；当 wish 表示的是将来难以实现的愿望时，它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用“ would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形”。如：
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
我希望能有足够的钱来买一辆小汽车。（表示的是现在）
He whishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。（表示的是过去）
I wish I would join the army when I grow up.
我希望长大后能够参军。（表示的是将来）
◆ 9.在 insist 和 suggest 后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气表示建议、要求或命令。但当 insist 表示“坚称；主张”时，宾语从句要用陈述语气；当 suggest 表示“表明；暗示”时，宾语从句也要用陈述语气。如：
She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window.她坚持说她曾看见一个小偷从窗口爬进了房间。
The smile on his face suggested that he had paed the exam.
他脸上的微笑表明他已通过了考试。
◆ 10.在 as if / as though 引导的状语从句表示的是非真实情况时，从句的谓语动词要用过去时或过去完成时。如：
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
【专项训练一】
1,It is important that a college student___ a foreign language.
A.will master B.master C.masters D.would master 2,It is strange that she ____without saying a word.A.should have gone out B.wentC.should go outD.goes out
3,If my lawyer here last Saturday, he____ me from going.A.had been, would have preventedB.had been, would prevent C.were, would preventD.were, would have prevent
4, ——\"He is a brave man.\" ——\"Yes, I wish I___ his courage.\" A.have B.had C.will have D.may have
5,If it ___rain, the crops would be saved.A.should B.will C.is going to D.was to 6,He ordered that the medicine___ by a special plane.
A.was sentB.would be sentC.should sendD.be sent 7,If you____ the medicine, you____ better now.A.took, would feelB.had taken, felt
C.had taken, would feelD.took, would have felt 8,She is my sister, but she often acts as if ____my mother.A.is B.was C.were D.had been
9,I went to bed early last night, but I wish I____ so.A.didn\'t do B.hadn\'t do C.haven\'t done D.couldn\'t do 10,I\'d rather he ____tomorrow afternoon.
A.will come B.comes C.coming D.came
【专项训练二】I.经典试题回顾:
1.Oh, I\'m not feeling well in the stomach.I____ so much fried chicken just now.(0 2春季上海)
A.shouldn\'t eatB .mustn\'t have eatenC.shouldn\'t have eaten D.mustn\'t eat
2.How I wish every family_____ a large house with a beautiful garden.(0 2春季上海)
A.has B.had C.will have D.had had3.--I hear you\'ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.____ I have a look--Yes, certainly.(0 2春季上海)
A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should
4--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.--It____ true because there was little snow there.(02北京)
A.may not be B.won\'t be C.couldn\'t be D.mustn\'t be 5.It has been announced that candidates____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall (02上海)
6.A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(NMET03)A.should B.can C.must D.will 7.How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the articleA can B.must C.need D.may (03上海卷)
8.— Isn\' t that Ann\'s husband over there— No, it _______ be him -I\'m sure he doesn\'t wear glaes.(04河南/北,安徽,江西)
A.can\'t B.must not C.won\'t D.may not
9.You __ be tired.You\'ve only been working for an hour.(04四川,吉林,黑龙江,云南)
A.must not B.won\' t C.can\' t D.may not 10.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police (04内蒙,海南)A.should B.may C.will D.can
11.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn\'t\' show up.(04内蒙,海南)
A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving 12.— Who is the girl standing over there
— Well , if you ______ know , her name is Mabel .(04天津)
A.may B.can C.must D.shall
13.—Excuse me .Is this the right way to the Summer Palace—Sorry , I am not sure .But it _______ be .(04湖北)
A.might B.will C.must D.can
14.---- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.---- You ______ have my computer if you don\'t take care of it.(04湖南)
A.shan\'t B.might not C.needn\'t D.shouldn\'t II.巩固练习:
33.___it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.
A Were B Should C Would D Will 34.Jane\'s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.
A be; should have B was; have C should be; had D was; has 35.I left very early last night, but I wish I____ so early.A didn\'t leave B hadn\'t left C haven\'t left D couldn\'t leave
36.The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.A should be B would be C have been D had been 37.Jim would rather _____ now, but we must go to work.
A that we don\'t leave B we not leave C we didn\'t leave D our not leaving 38.I didn\'t call to make my friend attend the meeting , but I ____
A should have B may have C must have D shall have 39.It was required that each student____ enough food on the trip.A bring B brought C would bring D had better bring
40.Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he ____ me how.A teaches B will teach C has taught D would teach
