定语从句
定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。 ↓ ↘引导词 ↓
先行词 从句 (定语从句) This is the most interesting book that he has ever read.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。 ↓ ↘引导词 ↓
先行词 从句 (定语从句) 考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用
(1).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that.如：
Here comes the man who (that) wants to see you.想见你的那个人来了。 (先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that) (2).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that.如： This is the person whom (who, that) you are looking for.这正是你要找的人。
(先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that) 考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用
(1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如：
Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。 (先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that) The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。 (先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that) 。
Have you written down everything that Mr.Lin has said? 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗？ All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。 There is little that I can do for you.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。
②.当先行词由以下词修饰时，引导词只用that.这些词有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。如：
That is the very dre that I want to buy.那正是我要买的裙子。 English is the only subject that I like.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。 Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。
③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。 Mr.Li’s cla is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。
④.当先行词有人又有物时，只能用that。如：
Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知识 考点3：先行词是时间，地点，原因时引导词的选用
(1).先行词是时间, 地点，原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用介词+which结构。如：
I wanted to know the day when he was born.=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。
He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？ (2).先行词是时间, 地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用which或者that。如： I remember the days which (that) we spent on the farm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。 Lu Ming studies in the school which (that) was built 1 years ago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。
考点4：引导词前有介词时，先行词是人,引导词只能用whom, 先行词是事物时，引导词只用which。如：
This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。
Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived.杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。
考点5：先行词是代词时，先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词。如： I don’t like those who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。 The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。 宾 语 从 句
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如：
Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。 ↓ ↓
主句 从句 (宾语从句) Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？ ↓ ↓ 主句 从句 (宾语从句) 考点1：引导词的选用 (1).陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。
I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said. →He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。
(2).一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 时只用whether） Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。 Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。
(3).特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。 How old are you? They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。 What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me. →He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。 考点2：语序 (宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后） He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”? 疑问语序(第1助动词don’t 在主语you之前) He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后) Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。 特殊：①.What’s wrong with „在宾语从句中不变语序。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。 ②.引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。
(who 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。) 考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）
(1).主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
“John speaks highly of you.‖ Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。 (主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks) He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后) Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。
(2).主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。 “When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。 (主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should) (3).从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。 “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。
(主句用told, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变) Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考点4：宾语从句答题技巧 (逐步排除法) 先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定) 如：
( ) –Everyone wanted to know _______________ yesterday.Could you tell us, Ann? – By bus, of course.It was too far away.A.how old are you B.where you will go C.how you went there D.why you were late 先从语序判断，把A给排除了，再用时态去求证，主句用wanted，是一般过去时，从句该用过去的某种时态，从这一点考虑，把B给排除了，用引导词及意思判断，她的答语是By bus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。 2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（宾语从句） 20.－Excuse me, can you tell me _____? －At about 8 o’clock.（2015安顺） A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing 参考答案：C 10.－Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? －Sure.People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.（2015长沙） A.when do people celebrate B.why people celebrate C.how people celebrate 参考答案：C 5.－Do you know _____? －Yes.It’s on your table.（2015三亚） A.where my dictionary is B.where is my dictionary C.when I bought my dictionary 参考答案：A 17.－Do you know _____? －For a month.（2015天津） A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 参考答案：B 10.－I wonder _____.－Yes, of course.（2015德州） A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday 参考答案：C 15.一Excuse me, Mi Chen, could you tell me _____? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.（2015福州）
A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means 参考答案：C 10.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago? （2015广州） A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about 参考答案：C 11.－Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? －Sorry, I don’t know if he _____.But I know he _____ interest in sports.（2015克拉玛依） A.will go; is B.goes; is C.goes; has no D.will go; has no 参考答案：D 10.－Do you know _____? －Sorry, I don’t know.（2015娄底） A.how old is he B.how old he is C.how old does he 参考答案：B 9.－Could you please tell me _____? －About twenty minutes ago.（2015呼和浩特） A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid 参考答案：C 5.This morning my mother asked me _____.（2015克拉玛依） A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it 参考答案：B 8.－Did you have a good time in Jining? －Come and have a look.My photos will show you _____.（2015济宁） A.how was the trip B.why did we go there C.how we went there D.what the trip was like 参考答案：D 12.－Excuse me, could you tell me _____? －In five minutes.（2015苏州） A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on 参考答案：B 9.－Ms.Perry, can you tell me _____? －Africa.（2015温州）
A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 参考答案：D 16.－Mr.Wang, can you tell me _____? －http://www.daodoc.com will help you.（2015武威） A.what I can do to help you B.where can I get my score for this examination C.why I need some help D.where I can search for the information about education in our province 参考答案：D 15.－Can you tell me _____? －Sure.He lives on Center Street.（2015襄阳） A.where does he live B.where he lives C.why he lives there D.what does he do 参考答案：B 15.I don’t know _____.（2015益阳） A.where she comes from B.how old is she C.when was she born 参考答案：A 19.－I’d like to know _____.
－Maybe in the forest.（2015重庆A/C卷） A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go camping C.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping 参考答案：B 20.－Your book is very interesting.Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school.（2015重庆B卷） A.where did you buy it B.why did you buy it C.where you bought it D.why you bought it 参考答案：C 2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（定语从句）
8.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015呼和浩特） A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 参考答案：D 3.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015杭州） A.which B.who C.whom D.what 参考答案：B 5.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015广州） A.that B.those C.who D.what 参考答案：A 14.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州） A.that B.which C.who 参考答案：A 6.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.（2015德州） A.why B.whose C.who D.which 参考答案：C 19.I think the first leon _____ we are learning is very easy.（2015安顺） A.that B.where C.who D.when 参考答案：A 12.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015泰安） A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 参考答案：D 15.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.（2015克拉玛依） A.whose B.who C.when D.which 参考答案：B 3.A friend is someone _____ says, ―What! You too? I thought I was the only one!‖ （2015武威） A.who B.which C.what D.whose 参考答案：A 14.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.（2015自贡） A.what B.which C.who 参考答案：B 定语从句+宾语从句练习
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children\'s Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I\'ll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we\'ll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin. A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________. A.who he is B.who is he C.who is it D.who it is 11.It there anyone in your cla ______family is in the country? A.who B.who\'s C.which D.whose 12.I\'m interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 13.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before. A.that B.how C.where D.what 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 17.Although Anne is happy with her succe she wonders _________ will happen to her private life. A.that B.what C.it D.this 18.You\'re the only person ______I\'ve ever met ______could do it. A.who;/ B./; whom C.whom;/ D./; who 19.I lost a book, ______I can\'t remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.She never doubts __________ I can do such a foolish thing. If B.that C.when D.whether 21.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 22.They believe that land did not belong to people but _________ people belong to land. A.that B.when C.where D.how 23.I am doubtful _________ he is still alive. A.that B.whether C.what D.when 24.This is the reason ______he didn\'t come to the meeting. A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 25.You can’t imagine _____________. A.what did we have awful weather B.what weather awful we have C.what awful weather we did have D.what awful weather had we 26.The reason ______he didn\'t come was ______he was ill.A.why; that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 27.---What did the teacher say to you just now? ---She asked me __________. A.whether or not I finished my homework B.did I finish my work or not C.is my work finished or not D.if or not I have finish my work 28.No one could understand __________. A.that he was talking about B.what he was talking about C.he was talking about D.which he was talking 29.Who doubts __________ it is true? A.that B.if C.which D.what 30.From __________ I know of him I should say that he is reliable. A.what C.that C.how D.that which 31.--- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what; that B.what; what C.which; which D.that; that 32.She want to know _________ child it was on the gra. A.who B.that C.what D.whose 33.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns; are B.owns; is C.own; is D.own; are 34.Do you want to try on these shoes to see ________ they’re the right size? A.as B.so C.that D.if 35.There is a nice-looking car there.Peter wonders _________. A.it belongs to who B.whom does it belong to C.whom it belongs to D.who does it belong 36.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 37.The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware ________ they had lost the necklace. A.the place B.where C.which D.that 38.Could you please tell me __________? A.that the nearest post-office is located B.where is the nearest post office located C.where the nearest post office is located D.that is the nearest post office located 39.How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A.what B.who C.how D.why 40.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .A.what B.when C.why D.where 41.Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen\'s reign of terror（恐怖统治） B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror 42.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at 43.-What time will Mr.Brown be back to China? -Sorry.I don’t know ________.A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 44.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted
