Module 3 The violence of Nature 知识点
1.表示“长，宽，高，深，厚，年龄”等的句型
①主语+be+数词+单位词+adj（long/wide/heigh/tall/thick/deep/old）
②主语+be+数词+单位词+in+n(length/width/height/depth/age)
③adj短语只做后置定语，用于所修饰词n之后，结构为：被修饰n+数词+单位词+adj（long/wide/heigh/tall/thick/deep/old）
The dam is 3830 meters long.=The dam is 3830 meters in length.
They built a dam 3830 meters long.
2.多个adj作定语的排列顺序
低等形体adj(large, long, high)+新旧（new, old）+颜色（red）+国籍（Chinese）+材料（wood）+用途（writing）+被修饰词（desk）
方便记忆方法：限（限定词）观 （外观） 形 （形状）龄色国材
3.affect vt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭effect 影响；结果，效果，作用
effort n努力，尝试
affect sb to tears把某人感动的流眼泪be greatly affected 很受感动
be affected by heat 中暑be affected with high fever发高烧
have an effect /influence on对......有影响take effect 生效side effect 副作用
4.leave vt&vi离开，出发；留下，剩下，忘带；使......处于某种状态
词组：leave about 乱放，乱丢leave alone 不管，不理会，不打扰
leave behind 忘带，丢下，遗留leave for 动身去某地
leave out省去；遗漏；不算在内，把......排除在外
leave over 留下；剩下on leave 休假ask for leave请假
4.in all总共，总计
We visited，in all,20 universities in the U．S..
①above all特别是；最重要的是
②after all到底，毕竟
③at all确实；根本
④first of all首先
⑤all the same尽管如此，仍……
命题方向：in all，at all，after all，above all常以词语辨析的形式出现在高考题中。
5.experience n 经验；体验；经历；阅历；v 经历，体验，感受
Experience is the mother of wisdom.时间出真知。
拓展归纳
Experiencedadj 有经验的；熟练的
be experienced in在。。。方面很有经验
in one’s experience根据某人的经验来看
from/ by experience 凭经验；从经验中得出
have much teaching/ working experience 有丰富的教学、工作经验
注意：experience 当“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；当具体的某一次“经历”讲时，是可数名词；当“体验，经历”讲时，是及物动词。
oftravelling.
A experiences; experienceB experience;experienceC experiences; experiencesD experience；experiences
6.bury v 埋葬；埋藏；用….覆盖
The climbers were buried under a pile of rocks.
She buried her face in her hands and wept.
After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.
归纳拓展
Bury sth/ sb in/ at….将…….埋在…..Bury sth under/ beneath将….埋在…下面
Bury one’s face in hands 用手捂住脸
Bury oneself in work/ studies
Be buried in work/ studies埋头工作、学习
Be absorbed in 全神贯注于
Be occupied with 忙于
7.occurvi 出现；发生
Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的德克萨斯州到北部的达科他州这一地区。The event which occurred yesterday affected the hospital greatly.
It occurred to me that I would travel to Europe.
The excellent idea occurred to me in a dream.
拓展归纳
Occurrencen 发生；出现；发生的事情
If anything should occur,……..如果发生什么事情的话…..
It occurred to me that……我刚刚想到……
Sth occurs to sb某事浮现在某人的脑海中； 某人想到..
辨析
Occur/ happen/ take place/ break out
⑪ occur 属于重视用语，它可以指偶然地“发生”，也可指在指定的时间“发生，出现”，还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”。在以具体事物、事件作主语时，可与happen 互换。
⑫ happen 为常用词语，指“事情或情况偶然或未能预见地发生”；其后接不定式或用在It happened that…..句型中，意为“恰好、碰巧、偶然发生…”
That accident happened yesterday.
⑬ take place 指“发生了事先计划或预先想到的事情”
The meeting took place at 8 as planned.
⑭ break out 指（战争、火灾、疾病等）突然发生
A fire broke out during the night.
Place词组
take sb.’s place/take the place of代替；接替
in place of代替in place在正确的位置；适当
out of place在错误的位置；在不适当的位置
in sb.’s place处于某人的位置
注意：以上四个词均无被动语态，都是不及物动词
I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .
A went; was occurringB went; occurredC was going; occurredD was going’ had occurred
8.strike v 打；撞；敲；打动；突然想到；n 罢工；袭击
By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.
A stone struck the little boy on the head.
A good idea struck me suddenly.
The workers are on strike for better pay.
The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.
拓展归纳
Strike a match 划火柴be on strike在罢工（状态） go on strike 举行罢工（动作）Strike against 撞strike sb on/ in the+身体部位打某人的某处
辨析 strike/ hit/ beat
⑪ strike 当“打”时，表示突然地，一次性的；也可表示自然灾害的侵袭
⑫ hit 指“打”时，侧重于对某一点“大中，击中”，指有目标地打
⑬ beat 指“殴打；击败”或有规律的“敲打”（如心脏的跳动）
用strike/ beat/ hit的适当形式填空
⑪ The angry man ⑫ Hethe man on the shoulder.⑬ The rain wasthe widow.
⑭ I can easilyhim at table tennis.
Struck; hit/struck; beating; beat
9.damage vt& n 损害；毁坏
Fire caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage.
The earthquake caused great damage.
A torrent of rain came down and damaged the crops.大雨倾盆而下，损害了农作物。 拓展归纳
Do/ cause damage to sth对….造成损失in ruins 成为废墟go/ fall/ come to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃；破坏
Suffer damage 收到损害
辨析damage/ ruin/ destroy
三者都有“破坏；毁坏”的意思
⑪ damage 指“不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复” The heavy rain damaged many houses.⑫ ruin 现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般“弄坏了”， 还可以指“价值，用途降低或外表损坏等”
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
⑬ destroy 指“彻底地毁坏以致不能或很难修复”
That town was destroyed in a big fire.
I asked him to pay for theof my car but he couldn’t afford to.
A destructionB damageC woundD harm
(4) harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西， 常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
10.pick up 捡起；重新学习；接某人；收拾
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town.
The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.
You are great to have picked up French when you were in France.
The bus gradually picked up speed and disappeared.汽车逐渐加速后消失了。
拓展归纳
Pick out 选出；认出pick on 选择 ；针对；挑某人（作挨骂或受罚对象）
Pick off 去除；摘去pick one’s words 斟酌词句pick and choose 仔细挑选；挑挑拣拣
11.end up 以…结束/告终
The ceremony ended up with fireworks.
I ended up spending the night in the airport.
He will end up in prison if he’s not careful.
拓展归纳
end up doing sth 以做……而告终end to end 首尾相接
make both ends meet 收支相抵
end up with 以…告终from beginning to end 从头到尾
Bring/ put …… to an end 使…结束
end up in＋n.以……结束(指以某种结果结束)bring/put...to an end使……终止 come to an end完毕，结束on end连续地；竖着，直立地
误区警示：end up in后接表示结果的名词，end up with后接表示伴随方式的名词性的词或短语。
12.put out扑灭，熄灭；关灯；给……添麻烦
精讲拓展：
①put aside忽视，忘记；攒钱②put off 推迟
③put on伪装，上演，穿④put through接通(电话)
⑤put away储存⑥put up张贴，举起
⑦put back拨回⑧put forward提出
⑨put down(＝write down)记下⑩put up with忍耐
误区警示：put out扑灭，熄灭，是及物动词短语。go out熄灭，不及物动词短语，无被动式。The fire went out without firewood.没有木头，火熄灭了。
The fire was put out by the firemen.大火被消防队员扑灭了。
13.warn v.警告warn sb thatwarn sb of sth
Warn sb （not）to do sthwarn sb against （doing）sth
14.set fire to使......着火=set sth on firecatch fire 着火（表示动作）
be on fire 着火（表示状态）play with fire玩火
set aside 把......在一边set about doing 开始做set out to do出发，开始
set down放下，记下set up with向......提供set off启程；使爆炸
set up 建立set back 使倒退set to 毅然开始做 set forward 出发，出动
15．manage vt 管理；经营；控制；设法做到
vi.处理事务，办事；设法对付
(与can,could,be able to连用)得到;吃;安排(时间)做
I couldn\'t manage 2 weeks\' holiday this year.今年我不能安排两周的假期。
manage to do=succeed in doing设法做成，已达成之意
try to do企图做，尽力，不强调成功
16.active adj活跃的，活泼的——————> inactive
反义词
积极的，主动的——————> paive
反义词
Actively adv 活泼地，主动地activity n.活动
be active in 在.....方面积极；积极参与......
take an active part 积极参加active voice 主动语态
17.contain v.(1)指容器空间里所有东西。“里面有东西”。有封闭于一个整体的感觉,盛有.Eg.The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水
include v.“包括，包含”一般指后面宾语是前面主语整体的一部分，前后名词一般为同类人或物
eg：My family include my father, my mother and I.
include强调部分，开放。“由某些成员构成”。主语和宾语常相关，成“总--分”关系。所包括之物在整体中能被明确界定为某几个部分。表示“算入,包含于...里面
eg.The list included his name.这个名单上包括他的名字.
