引语口译
经常为政府首脑、高级官员、文化人士、社会名流做口译的译员都有相同的体会，即这些人员在接待或访问时常常在演讲中引用一些名家名言、经典诗句，以表达自己的感情、观点和立场，或赞颂对方国的文化传统。
例如，1999年10月22日，时任中华人民共和国主席的江泽民在英国剑桥大学发表演讲时说道：“中华民族尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出‘民为贵’的思想，认为‘天生万物，唯人为贵’（Man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters。），一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。”江主席在结束讲话时引用了孔子的一句话：“中国两千五百五十年前诞生的杰出教育家、思想家孔子说过：：‘逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。’（The paage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.）时光流逝不可逆转。” 时任中华人民共和国国务院的朱镕基在1999年春访美时，在一次记者招待会上回答某个记者提出的有关“人权”问题时也引用了“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”（The people are the most important element in a state；next are the gods of land and grain；least is the ruler himself。）这句话，以表明中国政府十分重视人权问题。
国务院总理温家宝2004年6月28日举行的“和平共处五项原则创立50周年纪念大会”上作了精彩的演讲，温总理在谈到多样性时引用了中国古代思想家孔子的话：“万物并育不相害，道并行而不相悖。”（All living creatures grow together without harming one another；ways run parallel without interfering with one another.）
2005年6月26日温总理在第六届亚欧会议开幕式上讲话时说：“中国有句古话：‘相知无远近，万里尚为邻。’（Distance cannot separate true friends who feel so close even when they are thousands of miles apart.）中国与亚洲各国山水相连，共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的‘丝绸之路’，谱写了中欧千处往来的美好篇章。”
又如，美国总统里根1984年4月访华时在欢迎宴席上引用了《易经》中的一句话，他说道：And as a saying from The Book of Changes goes，“If who people are of the same mind, their sharpne can cut through metal。”（二人同心，其得断金。）
再如，美国前总统克林顿1998年6月下旬访华时在人民大会堂的国宴上致辞时引用了孟子的一句话，他说道：In so many different ways，we are upholding the teachings of Mencius，who said：“A good citizen in one community will befriend the other citizens of the community；a good citizen of the word will befriend the other citizens of the world。”（一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士，天下之善士斯友天下之善士。） 在这种场合，一个称职的译员必须准确、流利地将这些引语译成目标语。这就要求译员掌握一定数量的名家名言、经典诗句，尤其是中国古代思想家流传下来的一些名言佳句。对于不少译员来说，这是一道难以逾越但又必须逾越的难关。有着五千年文明史的中国，历经沧海巨变，文化底蕴深厚，儒道墨法争鸣，阴阳纵横齐放，哲人智者如云，传世绝句如林，信手拈来，为我所用。因此，以不断充实自己的语料库。以下摘录了一部分广为流传的经典佳句配以英译文，按字母排序：
安危相易，祸福相生，缓急相争，聚散相成。Safety and danger alternate with each other。Misfortune and fortune generate each other。Slowne and promptne follow each other。Gathering and scattering complement each other。
饱而知人之饥，温而知人之寒，逸而知人之劳。When full, remember someone else is suffering hunger;
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- 1’in a strange land I am cast, I mi my family all the more on every festive day.独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。A lonely stranger in a stranger in a strange land I am cast, I mi my family all the more on every festive day.笃信好学，守死善道。Stick to the truth you believe, broaden your knowledge about it, and be ready to die for its realization.多知而无亲，博学而无方，好多而无定者，君子一与。The gentleman does not agree with those who know too much but are close to nothing, or learn too broadly but without direction, or love too many but without fixed ones.二人同心，其利断金。If two people are of the same mind, their sharpne can cut through metal.法不阿贵，绳不挠曲。法之所加，智者弗能辞，勇者弗能争。刑过不避大臣，赏善不遗匹夫。The law does not favor the noble, as an ink line does not yield to the crooked wood.Wherever the law applies, the wise cannot evade, nor can the brave defy.Punishment applies to a minister, as rewards apply to a common man.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之谓大丈夫。It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.公生明，偏生暗。Impartiality produces clarity and partiality obscurity.躬自厚而薄责于人。Be strict with yourself and lenient to others.苟利社稷，死生以之。Life or death, I will do whatever I can for the benefits of the country.贵以贱为本，高以下为基。The noble takes the humble as its root; the high takes the low as its base.海不辞水，故能成其大；山不辞土，故能成其高；明主不厌人，故能在其众；士不厌学，故能成其圣。A mountain is high, as it rejects no rocks no water.A mountain is high, as it rejects no rocks.A wise ruler gathers a sage, as he is not tired of learning.海内存辞书，天涯若比邻。A bosom friend afar brings distance near.合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于垒土；千里之行，始于足下。A huge tree that fills one, s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand-li journey starts with the first step.祸兮，福之所倚；福兮，祸之所伏。Misfortune generates happine, and happine breeds misfortune.见利不亏其义，见死不更其守。Do not forget righteousne in face of profits, nor alter the moral principles in face of death.见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。When seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; when seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之。Rivers and seas can become the kings of valleys because they excel in taking the lower positions.江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。This land is so beautiful that it has made countle heroes bow in homage.节其流，开其源，而时斟酌焉。Cut down the expenditure, open up additional resources, and constantly
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- 3路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。The way ahead is long and has no ending; yet high and low Ill search with my will unbending.
乱则国危，治则国安。Disorder brings peril to a country, while order brings peace to it.民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself.敏而好学，不耻下问。Quick-minded and eager to learn, he is never ashamed to consult his inferiors.明而动，晦而休，无日以怠。Work as day breaks, and rest as night falls; never will a day slip away without any accomplishment.朴素而天下莫能与之争美。Nothing in the world excels in beauty as simplicity does.千里之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之室，以突隙之烟焚。A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down because of a spark from a chimney’s chink.锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。If you carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; if you carve without a break, even metal and stone can be engraved.曲则全，枉则直；洼则盈，敝则新；少则得，多则惑。To be part is to be whole; to be bent is to be straight; to be hollow is to be filled; to be dilapidated is to be renewed; to be have le is to gain; to have more is to be confused.人惰而侈则穷，力而俭则富。Lazine and extravagance make a poor man, while diligence and frugality a rich man.人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。Men have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again.The moon dims or shines; it waxes or wanes.Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。Learning and culture are to a man what polishing and grinding are to jade.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。Among any three men walking, I will find something to learn for sure.Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided.
善学者，假人之长以补其短。He who is keen in learning takes other peoples fortes to make up his own defects.善学者尽其理，善行者究其难。He who is good at learning exhausts the principles.He who is good at practicing seeks to solve the most difficult problems.身劳而心安，为之；利少而义多，为之。Do what toils the body but eases the mind, and do what brings le profits but more justice.石可破也，而不可夺坚；丹可磨也，而不可夺赤。A stone may be crushed, but not to be deprived of its hardne; a cinnabar may be grounded to pieces but not to be deprived of its redne.士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦生乎？死而后已，不亦远乎？An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course.Is it not a heavy responsibility, which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death?
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’温故而知新，可以为师矣。He who is able to reach new understanding by reviewing the old knowledge is qualified to be a teacher.无为其所不为，无所其所不欲。Don’t do what should not be done; don’t desire what should not be desired.吾日三省吾身；为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？Every day I examine myself time and again: Have I been unfaithful in giving counsels to others? Have I been insincere in getting along with my friends? Have I failed to review what I have been taught?
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚；意诚而后心正，心正而后身修；身修而后齐家，家齐而后治国，国治而齐家，国治而后天下平。Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired; genuine knowledge acquired; genuine knowledge acquired, thoughts purified; thoughts purified, hearts rectified; hearts rectified, personalities cultivated; personalities cultivated, families regulated; families regulated, the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquility.
先义而后利者荣，先利而后义者辱。He who puts righteousne before profits is respectable; he who puts profits before righteousne is discreditable.
相见时难别亦难。It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart。
相知无远近,万里尚为邻。Distance cannot separate true friends who feel so close even when they are thousands of miles apart.小大以小善为无益而弗为也，以小恶为无伤而弗去也，故恶积而不可掩，罪大而不可解。A mean man thinks that small virtues are usele and does not abandon them, and small vices are harmle and does not abandon them.Hence his vices accumulate till they can not be covered, and his guilt becomes great till it can not be freed from.信言不美，善者不辩。True words need not be fine-sounding; the good man does not prove by argument.学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。君子博学而参省乎己，则知而行无过矣。These is never an end to learning.The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant; so is the ice colder than the water.By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awarene and makes fewer mistakes.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger.学而不厌，诲人不倦。Never be contented with your study.Never be impatient with your teaching.学如逆水行舟，不进则退。Learning is like rowing upstream：not to advance is to drop back
言近而远者，善言也；守而施博者，善道也。It is a good speech that talks near but signifies far; it is a good way that operates restrictedly but applies widely.
言之无文，行而不远。Words without content will not reach far and wide.一尺之棰，日取其半，万事不竭。Cutting off a foot-long club by half every day will not exhaust it any day.一手独拍，虽疾无声。Clapping with one hard, however fast, makes no sound.
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