prove用法
prove是个常用动词,也是一个多义动词.由于它的用法比较复杂,现归纳如下
一、prove作\"证明;证实\"解时,用法如下:
1.prove+名词/代词
He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作战中证明了他的勇气.
This further proved the strength of our economy.这进一步证明了我们的经济实力.Can you prove that?你能证实那一点吗?
2.prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.)
The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法.
Can you prove your theory to us?你能向我们证实你的理论吗?
3.prove+宾语+宾语补足语
(1)形容词作宾语补足语
They proved themselves wise and brave.他们证实自己机智、勇敢.
Facts have proved these worries groundle.事实证明,这些忧虑是没有理由的.
(2)名词作宾语补足语
She proved herself an able secretary.她证实自己是个能干的秘书.
He has proved himself a succe.他已证明了自己是个成功者.
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语
All this proved him to be an honest man.这一切都证明他是一个诚实的人.
The experiment proved his theory to be important to our research.实验证明他的理论对我们的研究是重要的.4.prove+宾语从句
Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的.
But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it paed the sun.
然而爱因斯坦却能证明从恒星来的光线当其经过太阳时变弯曲了.
Can you prove where you were on May 10th?你能证实五月十日你在什么地方吗?
二、prove作\"证明是;结果是;事实说明\"解时,用作连系动词,无被动语态，可用于以下句型:
1.prove+形容词
The handbook proved most useful.这本手册证明很有用.
The medicine proved satisfactory.结果证明这药疗效令人满意.2.prove+名词
She proved a very strict teacher.结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师.
His efforts, however, proved a failure.但他的努力结果都失败了.
3.prove+介词短语或副词
Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.也许这本书会对你的研究有用处.
The power station was completed and proved up to standard.这座发电站建成了,证明质量符合标准.
4.prove+动词不定式
As time went on, Einstein\'s theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的.
She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.结果她可能是最适合干这项工作的人.
Lack 的用法
n.（名词）“不足”。 通常用 “lack+of＋名词”。
a lack of money.缺乏金钱
Her only problem is lack of confidence.
Lack of sleep had made him irritable.
If he fails it won\'t be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).
We won\'t be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I\'m afraid.
He can’t endure the lack of food.没有食物，他再也坚持不下去了。
vt.（及物动词）缺乏；不足；没有
①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就没有或仅有一点
②To be in need of.需要
He just lacks a little confidence.
What we lack in this house is space to store things.
She lacks patience in dealing with children.（与孩子打交道她缺少耐心。）
We are lacking three members of staff due to illne.
(注：说lack不用于进行时是站不住脚的)
vi.（不及物动词）还可作“缺乏，短少；不足；需要。常用进行时
①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：处于匮乏或不足状态：
You will not be lacking in support from me.你将得到我的帮助
（注：这里把lacking处理为vi.，并没有作为adj.来得简单）
②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：
I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何东西
She does not lack for friends.They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求（应有尽有）。
[用法拓展]
lack 构成的短语有：
be lacking:欠缺、缺：
be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）,不够
lack for 缺（多用于否定句） Lack+of＋名词： The plants died for lack of water.
Lack+名词： We lack the strength to walk any further.
lacking adj.
1 be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:
Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.
Money was lacking to complete the building.
He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇气。
Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。
2 be lacking in sth to not have a quality:
He\'s totally lacking in charm.
He is not lacking in intelligence.
Philip was not lacking in ability.（菲力普并不缺少能力。）
His reception of us was lacking in warmth.（他对我们的接待缺少热情。）
Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年轻，她缺乏经验。
[练习]
1.Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?
A.are lacking inB.are lackingC.lack forD.lack in[A]
2.We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as poible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.
A.lack ofB.be lack ofC.lack inD.be lacking in(D)
3.Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in
Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。
4.Keep him at arm\'s length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.
A.ofB.onC.inD.about(C)
5.That was another example of _____ experience.
A.a lack ofB.lack fromC.their lack forD.their lack of
.D lack作及物动词时，后面直接用名词或代词做宾语；作不及物动词时常和for连用；作名词时常和of搭配使用。
6.-- What caused the failure of the experiment?
-- _____.(C)
A.Because of shortage of fundB.For lack of fundC.Lack of fundD.Due to lack of fund
7.The bo praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.
A.is lack ofB.is lacking inC.lacks ofD.is lacking of
此题答案选B，be lacking in是习语，意为“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankne, courage等抽象名词。选A是错误的，因为lack可用做名词和动词，但不用做形容词；选C是错误的，因为lack用做动词时，它是及物动词，其后不用介词(注：用做名词的 lack后可接介词of)；选D是错误的，因为没有be lacking of这个搭配。
8.I\'m sorry, We\'re ________that kind of trousers.Would you come back next week?
A.shortB.lackingC.in needD.short of（D）
[案例1.]
1.He can’t endure the lack of food.
2.He can’t endure a lack of food.
3.He can’t endure lack of food.
Are they all correct?
Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it\'s not so easy to say
smoothly.You need a hard stop between \"endure\" and \"lack,\" so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as \"endure-uh lack.\"
[案例2.]
The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供应).
A.inadequateB.rareC.lackedD.scarce
[答] D.scarce.汽油供不应求，因此必须定量配给。
Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不应求的。Inadequate 不适应的，不充分的。
lackvt./vi.(=be without ; not have; have le than enough of) 缺乏；没有；缺少，例如：
1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏坚定性。)
2) Money is lacking for the plan.(此计划尚缺钱。)
3) He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇气。)
be lacking in 常指缺乏某种品质、特点等。
lack作及物动词时，一般不用被动语态，故不能选C.lacked.
4)They lacked for nothing.(他们什么也不缺。) 有人认为，lack for是美国英语。
[案例3.]
I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.
BE：正常表达的方式是:
\"I haven\'t given a maage for a long time.I\'m out of practice.\"
If you want to use the verb \"to lack\":
\"I lack practice\" or I\'m lacking in practice\".
[案例4.]
1.Lacking money, he couldn\'t spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.
2.Lacking in money, he couldn\'t spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.
Q：这两句是否都对？
答：１句对(lack sth.)；２句错（但语法结构并不错be lacking in sth.）.
句２类似结构的关键是 be lacking in + quality
Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.
Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.
注：However, this is still not very idiomatic.I would expect:
Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.
[注意事项]
1．There is no lack of … 总用is/was单数形式
2．For lack of 里没有the
【问题探究】He is lack of money.
问：lack 是名词，这里似乎是不能放be动词后的吧？
答：That’s water.名词有时也能用在be动词后。这似乎有些题外了。当然本题句是错误的，下面的都对：
1.He lacks money [lacks = verb]
2.He has a lack of money [lack = noun]
3.He is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]
\"He is lack of money.\" （X）
\"He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc.\" (\"Lack\" = noun.)（V）
\"I can\'t meet you today for lack of time.\" (\"Lack\" = noun.)（V）
\"Lacking\" 可以是adjective, 常用于be lacking in sth.结构。且那sth.应该是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也错误了。
题目句是错的。可以说: \"He is lacking money\" 或 \"he lacks money\".如果说 \"He is...\" (如 \"He is a teacher\") 那么就是在描述他什么, 也就是他自己不能是(a lack)
有时人们把lack用与这样的句子，如 \"He lacks common sense/initiative\".\'To lack\' 是个很华丽的古英语动词, 但现在人们也许更可能用 \"He has no...\".
