2002年英译汉试题
(31) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
(34)They are the poeions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are eential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
(35) Until these iues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it poibly the only way to solve our problems.
2003年英译汉试题
(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispaioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cro-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,\" like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes poible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
2004年英译汉试题
(41) The Greeks aumed that the structure of language had some connection with the proce of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
(42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became aimilated and lost their native languages.
(43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1
(44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.
(45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
2005年英译汉试题
(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly succeful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
(48) This alone demonstrates that the television busine is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no le than 50% took a lo in 1989.
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice
(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”
2006年英译汉试题
(51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
(52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as poible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
(53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
(54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a busineman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in busine.
(55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
2007年英译汉试题
(56) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a neceary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
(57) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
(58) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
(59) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
(60) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
2008年英译汉试题
(61) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
(62) He aerted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
(63) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
(64) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”
(65) Darwin was convinced that the lo of these tastes was not only a lo of happine, but might poibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
2009年英译汉试题
(66) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
(67) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
(68) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
(69) Since our chief busine with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
(70) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational proce which we have been so far considering,
a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
2010年英译汉试题
(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardle of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthle species.
(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.
(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are eential to its healthy functioning.
2011年英译汉试题
(76) Allen’s contribution was to take an aumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature
(77) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”
(78) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .
(80) The upside is the poibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is poible.
46.yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homele, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expreion。
【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求
47.A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。
【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。
48.The gardens ofthe homele, which are in effect homele gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。
【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。
无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。
49.most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppreionvanish as if by magic。
【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消
50.It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。
【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。
