DCDirect Current直流电AC alternating current交流电IC integrated circuit 集成电路
DRAMDynamic Random Acce Memory动态随机存储器CPUCentral Proceing Unit中央处理器RAMrandom acce memory随机存储器SOCSystem-on-Chip片上系统OS operating system操作系统IPintellectual property知识产权DSPDigital Signal Proceing数字信号处理RTLregister transfer level寄存器传输级
DACDigital toanalog converter 数模转换器VLSIVery Large Scale Integration超大规模集成电路PLDprogrammable logic device可编程逻辑电路FPGAField Programmable Gate Array场可编程门阵列CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device复杂可编程逻辑器件
SRAMstatic random Acce Memory静态存储器ASICApplication Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路
LUTLook-Up-Table查找表
TDMA Time-Division Multiple Acce时分多址
FIRFinite Impulse Response无限脉冲相应数字滤波器CDMAcode-division multiple acce码分多址IIRInfinite Impulse Response有限脉冲相应数字滤波器ADCAnalog to Digital Converter模数转换器
1、We are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephone that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without that..
我们对电灯，无线电广播，电视和电话是如此的熟悉，所以很难想象离开啦他们，我们的生活将会是什么样子。
2、When large numbers of electrons break away from their atoms and move through a wire, we describe this action by saying that electricity is “flowing” through the wire.
当大量的电子脱离原子的束缚并通过导线运动迪，这时我们就说电通过导线在流动。
3、A resistor has two terminals acro which electricity must pa, and is designed to dropthe voltage of the current as it flows from one terminal to the next.
电阻有两端，并且电流都必须通过。当电流从一端流道另一端是，电阻上就有电压降。
4、The unit of resistance is ohm.In a direct-current circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, and directly proportional to the voltage acro it.
电阻的单位是欧姆。在直流电路中，通过电阻的电流与它的阻抗成反比，与加在其上的电压成正比。
5、Large capacitors are used in the power supplies of electronic of all types, including computers and their
peripherals.In these systems, the capacitors smooth out the rectified utility AC, providing pure, battery-like DC.所有型号的电子设备，包括计算机及其外围GSMglobal system for mobile全球移动通信系统FDMAFrequency Division Multiple Acce频分多址
设备的电源储备系统，都使用了大电容器。
在这些系统中，电容器能进一步平滑经整流过的公用交电流，是其提供如电流产生的纯直流电一样。
6、This does not affect performance in DC circuits, but can have an adverse effect in AC circuit because inductance renders the device sensitive to change in frequency.
在直流电路中这并没有影响，但是对交流电路却有反作用，因为电感效应系数使该器件对频率的变化很敏感。
7、Transistor have three leads which must be connected the correct way around; thecommon-base, the common-emitter and the common-collector.
晶体管在电路中有三种正确的连接方式，共基极，共发射极，共集电极法。
8、By licensing, rather than
manufacturing and selling its chip technology, the Company established a new busine model that has redefined the way microproceors are designed, produced and sold.
通过许可，而不是制造和出售的芯片技术，公司重新定义了微处理器设计，生产与销售的方式，从而建立了一种新的商业模式。
9、The single-proceor solution offers higher performance, lower system cost and lower power than coproceors and dual-proceor solutions.
与协处理器和双处理器解决方案相比，单处理器解决方案提供了更高的性能，更低的系统和能耗。
10、Since many signal proceing applications proce millions of samples of data for every second of operation, the minimum sample period is
usually more important than the
computationa latency of the proceor.由于许多信号处理应用过程中每秒处理的样本数据数以百万计，因此，最低采样周期通常比处理器的计算时延更为重要。
11、For example, a speech signal can be represented mathematically by acoustic preure as a function of time, and a picture can be represented by brightne as a function of two spatial variables.在一个连续时间信号x（t），数字处理的第一步是选择一个采样周期T，然后对样本x（t）产生x（nT）。
18、Under certain conditions, a continuous signal can be completely represented by and recoverable from a sequence of its values, or samples, at points equally spaced in time.在一定的条件下，一个连续信号可以完全由可以由该信号在时间等间隔点上的瞬时值例如，一个语音信号在数学上可以用声压随时间变化的函数来表示，而一张照片可以表示亮度随二维空间变量变化的函数。
12、To distinguish between continuous-time signals and
discrete-time signals, we will use the symbol t to denote the continuous-time independent variable and n to denote the discrete-time independent variable.区分连续时间信号和离散时间信号之间，我们将使用符号T表示连续时间的独立变量，用n来表示离散的独立变量。
13、FPGAs are a form of programmable logic devices which permits the design of many different complex digital circuits.
现场可编程门阵列（FPGAs ）是可编程逻辑器件的一种形式，它允许设计许多不同的复杂数字电路。
14、A continuous-time system is a system in which continuous-time input signals are applied and result in
continuous-time output signals.
一个连续时间系统是施加连续时间输入信号，而产生连续时间输出信号的系统。
15、Signals encountered in practice are mostly continuous-time signals and can be denoted as x(t), where t is a continuum.
实际遇到的信号大多是连续时间信号，这类信号可以用x（t）表示，其中t是连续变量。
16、most discrete-time signals are obtained from continuous-time signals by sampling and can be denoted as x[n]:=x(nT).
大多数离散时间信号，是从连续时间信号的采样得到的，可以表示为X[n]：=x（nT）。
17、In digital proceing of a
continuous-time signal x(t), the first step is to select a sampling period T and then to sample x(t) to yield x(nT).或样本值来表示，并且能用这些样本值恢复出原信号来。
19、Much of the importance of the
sampling theorem also lies in its role as a bridge between continuous-time signals and discrete-time signals.抽样理论的重要性还在于它在连续时间信号和离散时间信号之间起了桥梁作用。 20、In many contexts, proceing
discrete-time signals is more flexible and is often preferable to proceing continuous-time signals.在许多方面，处理离散时间信号要更加灵活些，因此往往比处理连续时间更为可取。
21、In actuality, each cellconsists of a base station and an antenna that supports operations over a wide range of frequencies.
在现实中，每个小区由一个基站和天线，支持业务在很宽的频率范围内。
22、Those acce methods are referred to as time-division multiple acce (TDMA) and code-division multiple acce (CDMA).
那些访问方法都被称为time-division多址(TDMA)和code-division多址(CDMA)。
23、As the satellite received a signal from a ground or earth station, a communications complex that transmitted and/or received satellite signals, it relayed its own signal to earth.
当卫星收了从地面或地球站发来的信号后，卫星上的通信设备将要发送的和已接受的卫星信号复合起来后在发往地球。
24、The primary value of satellite in a geostationary orbit is its ability to communicate with ground stations in its coverage area 24 hours a day.对地静止轨道上的卫星的主要作用是，一天二十四小时和覆盖区域中的地面站进行通信。
汉译英：
1、可以这么说，没有晶体管的发明，今天我们所知的计算是完全不可能的。It is safe to say that without the invention of transistors, computing as we know it today wuld not be poible.
2、可编程逻辑区别于传统硬件的关键特性是它们可以重新配置。The key property of programmable logics that differentiates
9、如果你是电子的初学者，最好现在就开始学习如何使用NPN晶体管。If you are new to electronics it is best to start by learning how to use NPN transistors.
10、在晶体管发明之前，数字电路是由真空管（vacuum tubes）组成，这有很多不足。Prior to the invention of
transistors,digital circuits werecomposed of vacuum tubes, which had many them from custom hardware is their reconfigurability.
3、在许多方面，处理离散时间信号要更加灵活些，因此比处理连续时间信号更为可取。In many contexts , proceing discrete-time signal is more flexible and is often preferable to proceing continuous-time signals.
4、时间上离散，幅值上量化的信号称之为数字信号。Time is discrete, the
amplitude quantization signal called digital signal
5、实际遇到的信号大多是连续时间信号，这类信号可以用x(t)表示，t是连续变量。Signals encountered in practice are mostly continuous-time signals and can be denoted as x(t),where t is a continuum.
6、反过来，这种设计的改进又可引导研制新一代的卫星，这些卫星能够通过其他转发器及其相关电子系统处理大量的信息。This design evolution has led,in turn ,to the development of a new generation of satellites that can handle an enormous volume of information via their
transponders and relatedelectronic sysrems.
7、地面站是传送/接收卫星信号的通信设备，卫星接收来自地面站发送的信号后，再将其信号传送给地球。As the satellite received a signl from a ground or earth station , a communications complex that transmitted and received satellite signals,it telayed its own signal to earth.
8、在直流电路中这并没有影响，但对交流电路却有反作用，因为感应系数使该器件对频率的变化很敏感。This does not affect performance in DC circuits ,but can have an adverse effect in AC circuits because inductance renders the device sensitive to changes in frequency.disadvantages.
11、电阻的阻抗是由它的物理结构决定的The amount of resistance offered by a resistor is determined by its physical construction .。
12、控制总线是控制处理器与系统其他部分通信的信号枢纽。Thecontrol bus is a collection of signals that controls how the proceor communicates with the test of the system.
13、正是由于这一特性，在发明DSP处理器时采用了一种与传统的微处理器不同的结构。It is because of this very nature that DSP proceors are created with an architecture unlike those of conventional micropproceors.段落英译汉：
1.The control bus is a collection of signals that controls how the proceor communicates with the rest of the system .Consider the data bus for a moment.The CPU sends data to memory and receives data from memory on the data bus.This prompts the question.“Is it sending or receiving?” There are two lines on the control bus, read line and write line, which specify the direction of data flow.Other signals include system clocks, interrupt lines, status lines, and so on.The exact structure of control bus varies among proceors in the 80x86 family.However, some control lines are common to all proceors and are worthy a brief mention 控制总线是控制处理器与系统其它部件如何通信的信号枢纽。考虑数据总线，CPU通过数据总线向存储器发送数据或从存储器接受数据，这就产生了一个疑问：“他是在发送还是在接受呢？”在控制总线上有两条线，即读线和写线，他们指明了数据流的方向。其他信号包括系统时钟、中断信号、状态信号等。80X86系列控制总线的具体结构因处理器的不同而不同，但一
些控制线对所有的处理器是共同的。 2，In digital proceing of a
continuous-time signal x(t), the first step is to select a sampling period T and then to sample x(t) to yield x(nT).It is clear that the smaller T is, the closer x (nT) is to x(t).However, a smaller T also requires more computation.Thus an important task in DSP is to find 有人也提出了少数的非商业FPGAs结构，其
设计细节更易获得。可编程逻辑区别于传统硬件的关键特性在于他的可重构行。从执行的强度和速度看，这种装置不能与传统硬件相比，但他们的可重构性能的开发和硬件设计改变的迅速性，缩短了产品上市的时间，降低了成本。
5.第五代计算机大力发展计算机可以解决问题最终可能是被称为创造性的方式是另一the largest poible T so that all information (if not poible, all eential information) of x(t)is retained in x(nT).Without the
frequency-domain description, it is not poible to find such a sampling period.Thus computing the frequency content of signals is a first step in digital signal proceing.
连续时间信号的数字处理，第一步是选择一个采样周期T，然后采样x(t)产生x(nT).。很明显，周期T越小，x(nT)越接近x(t)。然而，T越小计算量越大。因此，数字信号处理的一项重要任务，是要找出最大可能T，使x(t)的所有信息（如果不能，那么信号的所有基本信息）仍然保留在x(nT)中。没有频域描述，就不可能找到采样周期。因此数字信号处理的第一步是计算信号的频谱。 3，FPGAs are a form of programmable logic devices which permits the design of many different complex digital circuits.FPGAs were first introduced in 1986 by Xilinx using a memory-based programming technology.Since then there have been many new commercial architectures.A new non-commercial FPGA architecture have been proposed for which the design details are more readily available.The key property of programmable logics that differentiates them from custom
hardware is their reconfigurability.such device cannot compete with a custom hardware implementation in terms of density or speed, but their
reconfigurability allows hardware designs to be created and changed rapidly, thus reducing time-to-market and costs over custom hardware.现场可编程门阵列是可编程逻辑器件的一种形式，它允许设计许多不同的复杂数字电路。1986年，Xilinx首次把基于内存的编程技术引入了FPGAs。此后还有许多新的商业结构出现，
个趋势在计算机的发展，理想的目标是真正的人工智能。正在积极探索的一个路径是并行处理计算机，它使用许多芯片在同一时间执行多个不同的任务。并行处理可能最终能在一定程度上重复了复杂的反馈，近似于人类思想的评估能力。另一种形式正在研究并行处理是分子计算机的使用。在这些计算机，逻辑符号用DNA的化学单元表达，而不是通过常规的电子流问题，比目前的超级计算机速度快，将使用更少的能源。
