（一）感谢信
常用句型
1．I am grateful／obliged to you for．．．我非常感谢你的……
2．I am greatly indebted to you for what you have done． 我为你所做的一切表示感激。
3．I am thankful／obliged to you for your unselfish aistance during… 感谢你在……期间给予我无私的帮助。
4．I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding your kindne．
我非常感谢你的好意，并希望有机会回报你。
5．I take this opportunity to expre my deep appreciation of your kind help you rendered me．
我借此机会对你所给予我的帮助表示深深的感谢。
6.It was kind and generous of you to do this for me，and l appreciate it more than l can say．
你为我这样做真是太好了，我感激不尽。
7．My appreciate to you for your generous help is beyond my words．I wish I could repay it some day．
我无法用言语来表达对你的感激之情。但愿有朝一门能回报你的帮助。
8．Please accept my most cordial thanks for your timely help，which l will never forget．
请接受我诚挚的谢意，感谢你及时的帮助，我将难以忘怀。
9．Words fail me when I want to expre my gratitude to you．感激之情难以言表。
10．Again，I would like to expre our warm thanks to you．再次向你表示感谢。
范文
July 7, 2008
Dear Prof.James,
As one of your students, I am writing to ask for your kind aistance.I wish to enroll in College of Computer at Oxford University, for which I am required to provide a letter of recommendation.As a senior profeor in your field, one of my most respected college teachers and a person who knows me very well, you are the most suitable referee for me.
As you know, I have laid a solid foundation in computer science.I would be grateful if, in the letter, you would confirm that I have adequate qualifications to follow the course.Would you be so kind as to give a brief introduction to my academic performance during my undergraduate studies, especially that under your supervision? Besides, your personal opinion of me will carry special weight.I have to submit the letter next month.
Thank you so much for your generous help in this matter.
Yours sincerely,
Henry Scott
(二) 欢迎信
范文
Dear Xiao Wang,
Words failed me to expre my excitement when I learned that you would like to spend your holiday together with me.It has been three years since we graduated from high school.I mi you so much that I even can\'t wait to see you.Now that it will be the first time you visit Beijing, I am sure that your journey will be exciting, rewarding and full of a lot of fun.
I\'ve made a rough plan for this holiday as follows.On the first day you arrive here, I will show you around our new campus.Especially, I will take you to visit our newly-built modem library.During the second three days, we\'d better go sightseeing around Beijing.We can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, etc.On the fifth day, we can visit the Beijing Zoo, since you are quite interested in wild animals.The next day, we can do some shopping.There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing.On the last day, you can have a good rest before setting off.If there is anything inconvenient for you in this plan, please let me know immediately.
By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train.So you should take care of your luggage.Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time.And don\'t forget to tell me when you will arrive so that I\'ll pick you up at the airport.
I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a god journey.
Yours,
Zhang Ying
（三） 道歉信与解释信
写作策略
开头段：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。
主体段：说明道歉的具体原因。
结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求收信人的谅解，并表示你愿意为此做补救。
常用句型
1．I must apologize to you for...我必须为……向你道歉。
2．I am terribly/awfully sorry that...我感到很抱歉，因为……
3．It is thoughtle/inconsiderate of me to do...我做……，实在太欠考虑了。
4．I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.恐怕我给您添了许多麻烦。
5．I sincerely hope that you can understand that I offended you unintentionally.
我真心希望您能理解我并非有意冒犯你的。
6．I regret to inform you that I am unable to do...我很遗憾地告知您我不能……
7．I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for...我必须为……真诚地向你道歉。
8．Please accept my sincere apology for.., once more.请再次为……接受我真诚的道歉。
9．I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.我衷心希望你能接受我的道歉。
10．I am so sorry to have put you to so much trouble.不好意思给你添了很多麻烦。
范文：
June 23, 2008
Dear Mr./ Ms, I was very concerned when I received your letter of yesterday complaining that the central heating system in your new house had not been completed by the date promised.
On referring to our earlier correspondence, I find that I had mistaken the date for completion.The fault is entirely mine and I deeply regret that it should have occurred.
I realize the inconvenience our oversight must be causing you and will do everything poible to avoid any further delay.I have already given instructions for the work to have priority and the engineers working on the job to be placed on overtime.These arrangements should see the installation completed by next weekend.
Yours faithfully
Zhang Ying
（四）邀请信
写作策略
开头段：表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请。
主体段：说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容。
结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。
常用句型
1．I am please to invite you to participate in …to be held from…to in…
我很高兴邀请你参加从……到……在……举行的……活动。
2．It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to…如能邀请你参加……是我莫大的荣幸。
3．It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to go traveling with me.我很高兴邀请你和我一起去旅游。
4．I hope that you won\'t decline my invitation．我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。
5．I will cover all the expenses involved．我会负责有关费用。
6．We were wondering if the seion could consist of．．．我们想知道会议是否可以包括……
7．Would you please let me know as soon as poible if you can accept my invitation?
你能否早日告诉我是否能接受我的邀请？
范文：
June 23, 2008
Dear sir/madam:
We would like to invite you to an exclusive presentation of our new [product].The presentation will take place at [location], at [time] on [date].There will also be a reception at [time].We hope you and your colleagues will be able to attend.
[company] is a leading producer of high-quality .As you well know, recent technological advances have made increasingly affordable to the public.Our new models offer superb quality and sophistication with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.
We look forward to seeing you on [date].Just call our office at [phone number] and we will be glad to secure a place for you.
Sincerely yours,
(name)
（五）英文求职信范文
April 7, 2002
Mr.Ray Hanks
Manager of Human Resources
Wayne Investments, Inc.
1023 Central Avenue
Tempa, FL 19122
Dear Mr.Hanks:
I am writing to apply for the Client Account Coordinator, which was advertised May 4th with the Career Services Center at Florida State University.I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review.I believe that I have the training, experience and qualities that you are looking for.
According to the advertisement, your position requires excellent communication skills, computer literacy, and a B.S.degree in Finance.My studies have included courses in computer science, management information systems, speech communications, and busine writing.I understand the position also requires a candidate who is team and detail-oriented, works well under preure, and is able to deal with people in departments throughout the firm.These are skills I developed both in my course work and in my recent internship at Liberty Mutual, Inc.in Orlando, Florida.
Your job description suggests that our relationship could be mutually beneficial.I am confident that I can perform the job effectively, and I am excited about the idea of working for a dynamic, nationally recognized investment management firm.
I look forward to discuing my background and qualifications with you.If you would like to schedule an interview or otherwise discu my interest in the position, I can be reached at (218) 365-3333.
Sincerely, Tom Sherman
（六）投诉信
当你希望某事得到改善或者某个问题得到补救时，往往会写投诉信。
写作策略
开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，并表明写作意图。
主体段：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体的理由，也可以说问题的具体体现方式，比如，表达你对此事所带来不便的感受、心情。此外，提出你对如何改进或者解决问题的建议，清楚表明你希望问题如何得到解决。
结尾段：表达你希望所述问题得到迅速解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢，希望尽快得到满意的答复。
常用句型
1.I am writing to you to complain about...我现写信向你投诉有关…
2.I am writing to expre my diatisfaction with...我现写信向你表达对……的不满。
3.I am afraid that I have to inform you that...我很遗憾地告诉你……
4.I am completely disappointed/upset to find...当我发现……，我感到非常的失望(伤心)。
5.There are some problems with.., that I wish to bring to attention.In the lust place ....in the second place ....我希望你注意到在……方面的一些问题。一方面，……；另一方面，……
6.To reverse this situation, it is advisable/ desirable/ recommended/ suggested that...为了扭转局势，建议……
7.To improve the situation, it is advisable to take the following measures.For one thing ....For another ....为了改善局面，建议采取以下措施。其一，……；其二，……
8.I sincerely hope that it win review its management system, with the view to (doing) ...找真诚地希望……能检讨自已的管理方式，以便……
9.I look forward to a day when we could...我期盼着有—天我们能够……
10.I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as poible.我希望问题可以尽早得以解决。
11.I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation.我希望你们能够考虑一下我的建议以便改善局面。
12.If it is not properly settled, I would like to demand a refund, or I would complain to the Consumem\' Aociation.如果此事未能妥善得到解决，我要求你们退款，否则，我将向消协投诉。
13.We believe that you will take this matter seriously from now on and make every effort to prevent its recurrence.我们相信你们从现在起会认真对待这件事情的，并努力避免此事的再次发生。
（七）求学信
求学信的主要目的是写信人中请某所学校就读的信件。
写作策略
开头段：简单自我介绍，并说明写作意图。
主体段：介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人本性。
结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。
常用句型
1．I wish to pursue my Master\'s degree in your prestigious university.我希望到贵校攻读硕士学位。 2．I wish to apply to admiion to your department as a post-graduate student.我现申请攻读贵系研究生。
3．I am greatly Interested in your graduate program in College of Law and wish to apply for admiion.
我对贵校法学院的研究生课程非常感兴趣，并申请到贵系攻读硕士学位。
4．Would you be so kind as to provide me with some relevant in formation?
您能否为我提供—些相关信息呢?
5．I am writing to ask for admiion to your department.It\'s my long-cherished dream to pursue my study in your honored department.我申请就读于贵系，这是我长久以来的愿望。
6．It would be appreciative of you if you could send me Some relevant information at your earliest convenience.如果您能够尽快寄给我一些相关信息，我将不胜感激。
7．Could you send me an application form as wet/as some detailed information regarding...?
您能否寄给我申请表和有关……的资料?
8．If further materials are required, I am only too willing to forward them to you.
如需其他材料，我非常乐意寄上。
9．I will certainly feel honored if I could be admitted to your university, which, renowned for its long history and a fine tradition of scholarship, enjoys a worldwide fame.
贵校历史悠久，治学严谨，享有世界声望，如果有幸能够成为贵校的学生，我将感到无比的荣幸。
10．Would you please let me know the procedures for admiion at your earliest convenience?
能够尽快告知我入学的有关程序。
11．I shah be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.我很乐意为您提供我个人学习和工作经历的有关资料。
应用文写作
1.私人和公务信函
一、概述
书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Busine Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。值得注意的是，英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别，应特别加以区分。
英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍 1.信端（Heading）
信端即信头，一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等。
西方国家中有些信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。
信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处，何时发出，便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时，信端应写在信纸的右上角，若字数较多，可从信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少，可适当多向右移一些，使整个信端的重心落在右上角。
信端的写法主要有并列式和斜列式两种。从目前情况来看，前者更为常用。
采用并列式时，每行开头要左对齐；采用斜列式时，每行开头逐次向右移二三个字母的距离。 例如
（1）并列式
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People‘s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug.20, 2004
（2）斜列式（Indented Form）
16 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People‘s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug.20, 2004
写信端时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后与其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市（县）名、省（州、邦）名，往国外寄的信，还要写上国家的名称；国家名称的前面加上邮政编码，其后可写上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称，则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名，则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称；第二行写系、科、室名称；第三行写学校名称；第四行写市（县）、省（州）名称；然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。
如果使用标点符号，则在每行末尾加逗号，最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号，但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方，仍要用标点。
特别要注意的是，门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家，城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字（如 New York, 103），表示城市的邮政编码。
关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：
①年份应完全写出，不能简写。
②月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。
③月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。
④写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，……28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。
日期可有下列几种写法：其中，①最为通用。
① Oct.20, 200
4② 10 May., 2004
③ 3rd June, 2004
④ Sept.16th, 2004 2.信内地址（Inside Addre, Introductory Addre）
信内地址收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行，也分并列式和斜列式两种，但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行，然后写地址，可占二至四行，
3.称呼（Salutation）
对收信人的称呼应自成一行，写在低于信内地址一二行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。
给外国人写英文信时，称呼用语要注意以下几点：
①对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr.。Mr.用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr.或 Mr.White, 不可是：Mr.Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr.的复数形式 Mers.。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Mers.Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。
②对女性一般称呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Mi。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs.没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用 Mme.的复数形式 Mmes.而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Mi 多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。
③对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Profeor （缩写为 Prof.），Doctor （缩写为 Dr.）， General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof.（Phil）White等。
④对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
⑤对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr.Chairman，（Dear）Mr.Premier， （My dear）Mr.Ambaador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies）。
⑥对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。
⑦对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highne (复数为 Highnees)。
收信人称呼
先生（男人）Mr./Esq.
夫人（已婚）Mrs.
小姐（未婚）Mi
夫人、小姐统称Ms.
夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.
两位或两位以上男子Mers
两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames
两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Mies
常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下：
教授Profeor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)
医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)
总统或校长President
主席或董事长Chairman
副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman
副总统或副校长Vice President
首相Prime Minister
总理Premier
省长或州长Governor
市长Mayor
参议员Senator
大使Ambaador
秘书长Secretary General
一秘First Secretary
二秘Second Secretary
院长Director,Dean
副院长Vice Director
系主任Dean,Head,Chair
馆长Chief Librarian,Curator
阁下Excellency
神甫Father 4.信的正文（Body of the Letter）
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P.S.表示补叙。
5.结束语（Complimentary Close）
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信，一般用：
Yours (very) truly, Yours (very) faithfully,Yours (very) sincerely， 等等。 写给上级和长者的信一般可用：
Yours (very) respectfully, Yours (very) obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
写给同志或同事的信一般可用：
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours，等等。
写给熟人或朋友的信可用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly, (Most) Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours，等等。
写给亲属或挚友的信一般用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love,Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devotedly, 等等，意即：―您的‖、―永远是您的‖、―您的亲爱的‖、―您的爱子（孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母）‖、―您的挚友‖等。
写给挚友的信有时也可用：
Yours hurriedly, Yours hastily, Yours in haste, 等等。
写信给挚友，表示歉意时，可用：
Contritely yours, Regretfully yours, Yours in (with) regret, Yours in (with) deep remorse 等。
在欧洲一些国家里，多把Yours 放在 sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国，则多用，把 yours 放在 Sincerely 等词之后。Yours 一词有时也可省略。
6.签名（Signature）
信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性，与收信人又不相识，则一般在署名前用括号注上 Mi, Mrs.或 Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔
7.附件（Enclosure）
信件若有附件，应在左下角注明 Encl.或 Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2（或3，4，5等）Encls.，例如：
Enc: Resume
Encls:Grade Certificate
8.再启（Postscript, 缩写为 P.S.）
再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。
二、注意事项
首先，写信者应设身处地想到对方，尊重对方的风俗习惯。
其次，英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅，避免冗长。这就是说，写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息，而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。
最后，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。
三、常用句式
常用的起首语有：
1）Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.
2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.
3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997. 4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.
5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.
6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say…
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.
8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.
10)First of all I must thank you for your kind aistance and high attention to me .11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that …
14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.
15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.
16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.
17)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.…
常用的结束语有：
1）Awaiting your good news,
2)Looking forward to your early reply,
3)Hoping to hear from you soon,
4)We await your good news.
5)I hope to hear from you very soon.
6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.
8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.
10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.
11)I hope everything will be well with you .
12)Please let us know if you want more information.
13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.
14)I wish you very succe in the coming year.
15)Please remember me to your family.
16)With best regards to your family.
17)All the best.
18)With love and good wishes.
四、分类举例
1）私人介绍信（Private Letter of Introduction）
Dear Mrs Mark， I am giving Mi Fang Li, a clamate of mine, this note of introduction to you and Mr.Mark, when she goes to visit New York City.Mi Li is my good friend.She is invited by a university to study there for a few months.She is a kind young lady.I believe you will enjoy meeting and knowing each other and become friends.It is my hope that you will kindly invite her to stay in your house for a few days.Kind regards
Very affectionately,
×××
例2 Dear Tony,
This letter will introduce my best friend Mary Brown of whom you‘ve often heard me mention.She is going to be in Washington D.C.next month to lecture.I want very much to have her meet you there.
And this seems like an excellent chance for you to meet each other.I think both of you will have a lot in common.So far as I know, you both are interested in modern literature.Once you meet her, you will really enjoy her company.Any kindne to her will be duly appreciated by me.
Yours affectionately,
×××
2）应聘信（Accepting Request for an Interview）
例1 Dear Mr.Wang,
Thank you for your reply of August 20 about my application for a position.It came to hand this morning as a pleasant surprise.I am glad to tell you that I will attend the interview at the time you set for the morning of August 30.I will bring along full details of my testimonials as you suggested.I would like to introduce myself to the company and hope to be a member of it.I would certainly spare no effort to acquit myself to your satisfaction.
Yours respectfully,
×××
come to hand 表示收到。set 表示设定时间。 spare no effort 不遗余力。 3)推荐信(Letters of Recommendation)
例1
Directions:You are preparing to introduce your student to sb.Write a letter about 100 words and expre your opinion clearly.
1) what the referee want to obtain
2) the reason you want to introduce him or her.
3) the opinion and suggestion of yourself.
You do not need to write the addre. Dear Profeor Smith,
It is my pleasure to recommend my student Mr.Wang Gang for admiion to your department for pursuing a master degree in accounting.
I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China, I enjoy my work and all of my Chinese students, who are so clever and friendly.However Mr.Wang Gang excels almost any others.He is not only outstanding in the field of accounting but also gifted for the English language, for he seems to understand almost every word I say in cla.As concern as his personality, I find him honest, responsible, and cooperative.I bet you‘ll like him too.
I recommend him enthusiastically.If you need further information regarding Mr.Wang Gnag, do not hesitate to contact me.
Best regards,
Sincerely yours,
×××
be engaged in 表示从事（……工作），as concern as关于、提及
例2 Dear Mr.Manager,
I am writing this letter to recommendate my student Wang Gang who is seeking the position of marketing clerk of your company.
He says you are satisfied with his presentation at the interview and require recommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance in the college.
As his political instructor, I think Mr.Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks.He always ranks among the top five in his grade, has paed CET-6 and obtains a certificate of intermediate computer skills.Mr.Wang is a studious, selfle, and aspiring young man, and he is awarded the title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.
I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration.
Your sincerely,
×××
interview即面试， be well qualified表示完全具有资格、很合格
例3
Directions:You are going to write a recommendation for sb.as you will introduce him or her a job.Please expre your idea clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the addre. Dear Sirs,
I take delight in recommending Mr Wang Gang to the Education Department of your university.
Mr Wang is a conscientious and strong-minded young man.He was first trained for two years in Beijing Normal University and aigned to work as a high school teacher.His desire, however, was to instruct English in a university.Then he entered the Beijing Institute of Education to study English for another two years .His academic record was exceptionally good, especially in American literature course.
Now, He has graduated from the institute and hopes to study further abroad, which will benefit his future employment prospect and may help fulfil his desire.I should appreciate it very much if you would consider him.
Yours sincerely,
×××
take delight in表示很乐于（做某事）。 例4
Directions: Your are asked to write a recommendation for a student.Please give your suggestions and expre your opinions clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the addre.
To Profeor Zhang,
I have the pleasure of writing this letter of recommendation for Mr.Li Ming, who is a student of mine.He wishes to be considered an applicant for the MS course of biology at your college.
Mr.Wang is a gifted young man.He has devoted his heart to his study and research.Not only has he obtained A‘s in all major subject areas, but he has also published several articles in the school journal, illustrating his originality and his deep understanding of science.For his competence, he is respected by everyone who knows him.
I feel sure that, if he is accepted by your college, he will be able to develop his talent to its fullest potential.I sincerely hope you will give him favorable consideration.
Yours cordially,
×××
推荐信经常使用一些褒奖的形容词来描述被推荐人。以下是一些常用的描述品行和能力的词语，供大家参考：bright, clever, capable, gifted, talented, ingenious, outstanding, prominent, diligent, aiduous, industrious, conscientious, hardworking, humorous, good-humored, cooperative, compromising, competent, original, innovative, ambitious, creative, original, innovative, inventive, imaginative, firm, persistent, persevering, resourceful, kind-hearted, generous, honest, helpful, cheerful, considerate, devoted, dedicated, committed, promising, far beyond the average person等。以上各词应根据语意选择，但不要过于堆砌。 4）祝贺信（Letters of Congratulation）
例1 Directions: Please write a letter of about 100 words to congratulate your friend Li Ming, who did well in the paed college entrance exam and has been enrolled in Peking University.You do not need to write the addre.Dear Ming,
We are very happy to know that you have succefully paed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University.Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion. You have all along been working hard at your profeional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects.Your succe shows that only hard work can yield good results.
We take this opportunity to expre our best wishes to you.Wish you greater achievements in your college education.
Yours cordially, 例2
Directions:Your high school clamate Zhanghong has just graduated from Cambridge University.Please write a letter to congratulate her.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the addre.Dear Zhanghong，
How time flies! Here you are graduating from Cambridge University and planning to find a job in a computer cooperation in the United States. Congratulations on the job well done while at university and good luck to you during your new career.
I wish you succe in all your undertakings and hope you‗ll find your career a source of great joy and happine.
Any time when you come back home,I wish you would come to my place.Then,we may recall our high school life.Everything will be well with you —I believe.
Sincerely yours,
×××
写作时要充分挖掘导语中的有效信息，特别是high school clamate等细节信息。
例3
Directions：Bill got a Doctorate in literature for Tsinghua University.Write a letter to congratulate him.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the addre.Dear Bill,
I got the news from Mike that you have received a Doctorate in literature from Tsinghua University.I congratulate you for this.To have reached this milestone in your scholarship at a young age is really great.It means, I believe, years of aiduous study and hard work on your part.And it is an achievement you can be well proud of.As your best friend, I hope you can reach higher level in your study and do more contribution to the society.My best wishes to you!
Sincerely,
××× 例5 Directions: Write a letter of congratulation to a friend who win the scholarship in Tsinghua University.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the addre.Dear Jiang,
I take great pleasure in sending congratulations to you on your winning the scholarship to the Tsinghua University of American literature. While I‘m not a little surprised, I‘m all happy to get the good news.I know you have got excellent marks for all the courses you took.It is great to know that you have achieved the goal you set for yourself.It is an award that you richly deserve.I‘m really proud of you.
Warmest congratulations.
Cordially yours,
×××
这是一封祝贺信。字词之间流露出祝贺的诚意，如―great pleasure‖，―not a little surprise‖，―great‖
5)求助信(Letters of Asking for Help) 例1
Directions: You want to study further for a Master‘s degree and you are preparing for the entrance exam.Since you have difficulty in English, you should write a letter around 100 words to ask for help from your good friend Fang.You do not need to write the addre.Dear Fang,
I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.
I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies.Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard, especially my very poor English.At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance.I promise to be a diligent student.If you agree, I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.
Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.
Your friend,
×××
Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.
多次承你帮忙，不胜感激！
例2 Directions: Suppose you are a senior majored in physics and plan to study further abroad.Please write a letter of about 100 words to profeor Li and ask him to write a reference for you to a U.S.university.You do not need to write the addre.Dear profeor Li,
I am a undergraduate from the Department of physics and I fortunately took a major course on which you lectured.Your leons impreed me deeply.
As a senior, I face the choice between hunting for a job and continuing to study.I prefer to apply for a chance to pursue a Master‘s degree abroad.
I have taken required English exams and got excellent scores.What‘s more, I have finished my personal statement, which is attached to this letter.I‘m now writing to ask if you can write a reference for me, which will greatly facilitate my admiion into a U.S.university. Best wishes for your health.
Your Student,
×××
在请求别人写推荐信时应写明自己的目的和打算，并为对方提供相关信息。
例3 Directions:You plan to apply for admiion to Harvard University.You want Mr Black help you with money.Write a letter to him to tell him.1) The reason for your letter.2) The sum of money 3) How you make your living in the U.S.You do not need to write the addre.Dear Mr.Black，
I have applied for admiion to Harvard University.As I have no relatives in the United States and I have no enough money for the tuition.I must find a financial guarantor.You know, in applying for a student visa, an affidavit to support must be submitted from an individual who will aure this opportunity.It plays an important role for my chance to enter the Harvard University.Could you do me a favor to be my financial guarantor.If I really have the chance of coming to the U.S., I will undertake part-time employment to cover all the living expenses.
Please write to me soon.
Yours sincerely,
×××
出国留学需要有人经济担保。如果是到美国留学，那么你的美国友人要填写一份担保书（affidavit of support），保证你在美国学习期间的学费和生活费用。
例4
Directions:You are preparing to ask for some help from your teacher,write a letter that:
1) detail what you want he or she do for you.
2) expre your thanks to your teacher.
You do not need to write the addre.
Dear Ms Wang,
I make bold to write this letter to ask you to do me a favour.I have tried to translate several short chinese stories into English for a part-time job.As it is the first time for me to do a translation work, I think there must be many errors and awkward expreions of Chinese English for my lack of experiences.I sincerely hope that you would read over my manuscripts and correct my mistakes and sociolisms.Also could you please give me some other suggestions on my translation work.
Thank you for your help with great respect!
Your faithful student,
×××
请人帮忙除了通常所说的ask for help,也可以用do sb a favour来表达。表示很诚恳地希望什么时，可用句型―I sincerely hope that… 6)求职信(Letters of Applying for A Job)
求职信的内容一般包括以下部分：
1）写信的缘由；
2）个人情况简介，例如；年龄、性别、文化程度、工作经历、工作技能、个人专长等；
3）推荐人或证明人姓名以供录用方查询；
4）约定面试时间。通常随求职信附上个人简历和两三封推荐信。 例1 Directions:You are ×××, an to—be graduate from JiLin University, majoring in English.Write a letter to a company applying for a position, Your letter should include
1) an introduction of yourself.
2) your qualification for the position.
3) asking for an interview.
You should write 100 words or so, you don‘t need to write the addre.Dear Sirs, I am a graduatee from Jilin University of Foreign Language Institute.As a student of English for Busine, I hope to work in a foreign company after graduation.
In the past four academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight A student, awarded a succeion of scholarships.My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly-owned foreign company like yours.
I apply for the position of aistant to your marketing project manager.You will find me a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.I believe I can be of value to your company.
I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me.
yours sincerely,
×××
Live up to符合arrange an interview安排面试
例2 Directions:You are a senior of computer science.You‘d like to be an intern for an IT company.Write a letter to present your willings:You should clear:
1)your education background.
2)your purpose of being an intern.Dear sirs,
I am a senior of computer science in Beijing University of Technology.I would like to work as an intern in your company.As I have a wide interest in computer, I will do whatever job aigned to me, in software development or in technical support.One of my advantages is that I am able to work conscientiously under preure.The more challenging my task is, the better it will be done.
My main purpose is just to put into practice what I have learned from the claroom in the past few years and to learn about my own ability in practical work.Remuneration is not yet taken into consideration.
I am enclosing a resume and looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours respectfully,
×××
put into practice付诸实践
例3
Directions:Suppose you graduates from Busine School of Peking University.Please write a letter to a director and apply for a chance of further study.The number of words is no le than 100 words and you don‘t need to write the addre.Dear Mr.Director,
I am interested in your graduate Program of International Management.I have just graduated from the Busine School of Peking University, holding a bachelor degree and awarded the Title of Excellent Student.
I should be most obliged to you if you would send me your catalogue and neceary application forms at your earliest convenience.
Enclosed please find my resume attesting to my outstanding academic performance at the Busine School of Peking University.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours sincerely,
×××
这是一封本科毕业生写给研究生导师的信，把它归入求职信是因为二者在写法上基本上是一致的。 例5
Directions：Please write a letter of about 100 words to a university to apply for a teaching post.You Should not write the addre.Dear Sirs,
I am sending you my resume for consideration of acceptance to teach English within your University this coming summer or Fall/Winter semesters.I do have high qualifications with much related experience.
If your University has a need in my field of expertise,I would be very happy to discu any poibilities.Please feel free to call,fax or write me at the addre below.Thanks so much for receiving my resume.I believe I will be able to hear from you soon.If for some reasons you currently do not have any available positions,please keep me on file for my future availability.
Sincerely,
×××
求职信的末尾可写上如果不予聘用，可将本人纳入备选档案。 例6
Directions:You are applying for a position of teaching English as a second language to a University.Write a letter about this.You should write no le than 100 words and the addre is not neceary.Dear Sirs,
I would like to apply for any position of teaching English as a second language that become available in the semester of 2003.I am a profeional artist and have taught at the university level.
Chinese art is special interest to me,and I took an introductory cla in Far Eastern Arts before completing my Master‗s degree.If no position is available teaching English as a second language,I could contribute by teaching courses in the recent history of Western art.
I enclosed my resume,which indicates my teaching experience and my work with people of various backgrounds.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
×××
7)邀请信(Letters of Invitation) 例1
Directions:You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing.Expre your idea clearly as follows:
1) details about what you are going to do
2) when and where you will go out.
You should write no le than 100 words and don‘t need to write the addre.
Dear Li Ying,
Haven‘t seen you for a long time.How have you been? I am miing you all the time.As the weather is splendid now, Jack、Lucy and I have made a plan to go out to the countryside by bike.Each of us may take food for the picnic, which we will have at the hillside.The countryside must be very lovely, with gra and trees growing flourishingly, flowers full bloom and bright sunshine.We can enjoy the scenery to our hearts‘ content, at the same time and take some pictures as a memory .It is poible for us to meet at the bus stop 8 a.m.I am sure we will have a good time.Do come and join us.
Yours always,
×××
邀友交游时的语言可以比较轻松、简单而不用太正式，例如一些简单的问候―How have you been?‖ 和邀请语句―Do come‖
例2 Directions:You want to invite Mr.Wallace to give a speech on ―American literature‖.Write a letter to him and say.1) the purpose of the invitation.
2) the time of the lecture Dear Mr.Wallace,
We know that you are an expert on literature.As students in English major, we want to know some details about literature.We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on ―American Literature‖ to students of the English Department on Saturday, April 19.If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.
We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visiors from various countries this semester and we look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.
Sincerely yours,
×××
本文是邀请外国专家做讲座的邀请函。信的言辞应表示诚意，如―我殷切期盼‖（to look forward eagerly to the opportunity），还要表示尊重，如―从您的阅历和智慧中受益‖（to benefit from your experience and wisdom）. 例4 Directions: write a letter to invite your colleagues to participate in a family party.The follows should be included
1) the reasons of invitation
2) time and location of the party
I will go to a food party at Karen Yius place together with colleagues of the Accounts Department at 4:00 p.m.this Sunday to celebrate the fourteenth anniversary of his marriage.Everybody is expected to bring a dish and a bottle of wine of his or her own.If you feel interested, please join us at the main entrance of Pioneer Plaza at 3:00 p.m.sharp that day, and don‘t forget your dish and wine.We do hope you come and are expecting to see you then.
With best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
×××
邀请信语言应简明真诚，形式通常有正式和非正式两种形式。本文是同事之间的邀请，并且参加的是家庭聚会，所以用非正式形式即可。
8)感谢信（Letters of Thankne）
例
Directions:Your friend Jenny gave you a hand when you were in depreion because of your mother‘s death.Write a letter to expre your thankne.
1) the reason for the letter
2) What you will do to overcome the sorrow. Dear Jenny,
I do not need to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me these days and how grateful I am for the comfort and understanding you gave me when I needed them so desperately.
No one knows better than you how important my mother meant to me and what an aching void my life has become without her.But I am trying to take your advice and I hope that returning to my work next week will help heal the sorrow
I really do not know what I would have been without you.Thank you again for everything you have done for me!
Affectionately,
×××
假如你失去亲人，你会感到―悲伤‖（sorrow或aching void），―迫切需要别人的安慰和理解‖（need comfort and understanding desperately）。这封信就是对于别人在此时此刻所给予的帮助表示由衷的感谢，写信人说：―要是没有你，我真不知道该怎么做‖（I really do not know what I would have been without you.），请注意英语句子的虚拟语气
9)求学信(Letters of Applying for Study Chance)
总的来说，第一封求学信不要过长，只需写明自己的姓名、职业、学历、专业、入学时间以及通讯地址即可。待所申请的学校复函后，再按要求寄去所需材料，例如：简历、成绩单、学位证明、推荐信、经济担保书、健康证明、外语考试成绩等。
例
Directions: If you are a student of Tianjin University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Busine Program of the New York University.Write the applying letter like following:
1) Declare all your situations in Tianjin University. 2) What do you want to apply for? Dear Mr Smiths,
Thank you for your last letter.
As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Tianjin University.I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Busine Program.
I have two letters of recommendation for me.One of them is from an English Profeor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level.The other is from an economics profeor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and busine management.Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you. My GMAT score is 2160.I haven‘t received my TOFEL score yet.But I will send it to you as soon as I know.
Best Wishes
Yours sincerely,
×××
申请出国的求学信应包括PS.推荐信和相关英语考试的成绩，诸如TOFEL、GRE以及GMAT等，一般来说GRE和GMAT有一个即可申请，而TOFEL成绩则是去英语国家留学的必要条件 10）请求信(Letters of Request)
例
Directions: You are about to write an application for you want to get a rise of your salary.Please expre your reasons clearly in about 100 words.
September 10, 2002 Dear Manager,
I make bold to write this letter to you.One year ago I joined your firm as an apprentice, receiving $ 500 per month during the period of training.Now I became a full-time clerk afterwards for a few days, but my salary has remained the same.As the cost of living is rising, would you consider an increase of my salary? I will not wonder too much but the same as other clerks in our firm.I pledge myself to continue to serve the firm to the best of my ability .
Many thanks
Yours faithfully,
×××
make bold to表示冒昧（地做某事）一般请别人帮忙或者要求加薪时可以这样用。full-time表示全职，part-time表示兼职。
11)祝福信（Letters of Regards）
例
Directions:You are going to send a letter to your friend for the new year.Please write it in about 100 words and do not need to write the addre.Dear Mr.Carter,
As a new year comes acro the corner, it gives us great pleasure to say how much we have appreciated working with you over the past twelve months.It was a good memory for me which I always kept in my mind.Would you be the same with me? Last year was a wonderful year and we both got many benefits and progre from each other.I sincerely hope that our pleasant busine relationship will continue for years to come.
Our staff here join me in wishing you a very Merry Christmas and a Happy and Prosperous New Year.
Yours sincerely,
×××
* 生意人在新年来临之际相互祝愿，主要关心的当然是―继续保持业务关系‖（to continue the pleasant busine relationship），并且―在新的一年里生意兴隆‖（a Happy and Prosperous New Year）
2.便笺(便条)和短信
便条也是书信的一种形式。它的特点是内容简短，主要有临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。跟正规书信相比，便条的语言比较口头化，比如要通知某事只需这样开头：Just a line to tell you that ...而无须像正规书信那样This is to inform you that ...开头。另外，在便条中常出现省略现象，例如：―key to back door is under mat.‖或者―key to back door under mat .‖(后门钥匙在垫子下面)代之以―The key to the back door is under the mat.‖。
结束时也无需结尾礼词，只需写上写便条者姓名。如果是关系比较近的人，则只需写上姓或名。
便条的日期通常写在右上角。一般只写上星期几或者星期几上午或下午，也可写上午、下午的具体时刻。日常应用中，写上几月几日的也很普遍。但一般不写年份，因为便条的内容多半是当日或近日内要办的事情。写便条时，不得事先准备，因此无固定格式，大多用手写。
二、注意事项
1.词句简洁，尽量避免应酬语和各种敬词
2.切忌内容空洞、言不达意。
请假（Asking for Leave）
例1
Cla 4, Grade 3
Aug.22nd
To Department Office Secretary Li,
I‘m sorry to apply for ten day‘s leave from the Aug.23rd to sept, 3rd instant.As I have to leave with the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill.I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days.You know I‘m the only child in my family.Of course I will show you the telegram about my fathers illne which is recieved from my mother to support my application.
As concern as the mied leons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus.Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully
×××
本文是一封请假条，一般我们要向上级或老师请假，通常用的是ack for leave这个短语，请三天假可写作：ask for three days‘ leave;因病请假则是ask for sick leave.leave在这里是名词用法，文中用的短语是apply for意为―申请‖，含有更加郑重的意味，常用于下级对上级或晚辈对长辈的书面语中，―Only child‖意为―独生子女‖相应的，―独生女‖译作―only daughter‖而―独生子‖译作―only son‖.As concern as.后面跟名词性结构，意为―涉及到，至于‖与Concerning同意，两者可以互换。
道歉（Apology）
此类信要写得及时，态度要诚恳，用词需谦逊。一般在信一开始就向对方表示歉意或内疚，然后说明原因并提出补救的办法。
例1
Directions: You have mied a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words. May 20th Dear Lily,
I am sorry I mied seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.
However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.
×××
临时有事未能赴约，一定要把事情解释清楚并真诚的道歉，最好能有弥补（to make up），就像这封信里所说的那样，邀请对方周末再碰头（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意英文句子you must have been disappointed中情态动词的用法：情态动词+完成时态，表示过去行为。这句话应该理解为―你当时一定感到很失望‖。
3 应用文写作 备忘录
一、概述
备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足。它的内
容可以分为以下几项：
书端（Heading）;
收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addreee‘s Name, Title, Addre）；
称呼(Salutation)；
事因(Subject)；
正文（Body） ；
结束语（Complimentary Close）；
署名（Signature）。
二、注意事项
书端部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的相同。收文人（或收文单位）的姓名、头衔、地址一项写在左上角编号处的下面，其格式与书信的写法相同。
称呼从左边顶格写起，对一般机关、团体的负责人一般用 Dear Sir， 对政府官员可用 Sir。
―事因‖一项目前采用得较少。它可放在称呼语之前，也可放在其后，前面可加 Re或Docket, Subject。如果此项写在称呼语之前，多从左边的顶格写起；若放在称呼语之后，一般写在信笺正中。它多采用不完整的句子，只需很少几个词，甚至一个词，目的在于使收文人对文中的主要内容一目了然，便于及时处理。
正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。
三、举例
例1
Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.
MEMO
August 16,2004
To:The leader of student service department
From: Li Ming
Subject:Telephone Dear Sir,
I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory.As a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus.
We need a telephone to get and send meage, which is important for us.Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail addre, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication.I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as poible.
Regards.
Yours，
Li Ming remind‖一词用法比较多，可以在后面直接接人或宾格，如―提醒我‖译为please remind me.如果提醒某人某事则用remind somebody of something ，也可以在后面加从句，即―remind sb that‖,remind还有一个意思为―使想起‖同样用remind…of…的结构，应注意与提醒某事区分。
例2 Directions:You are supposed to write a Memorandom of about 100 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one more microscope for your biological experiment.It should include: 1) Why you need the microscope. 2) When you need it.
MEMO
August 12,2004
To: Mr.Gates, leader of the supply section
From:Li Ming of the biological laboratory
Subject:Microscope Dear Sir,
I‘m a student of biology department and we are badly in need of an extra microscope in order to improve our experimental work. Our experiment will start on Friday, so please iue a microscope to us as soon as poible so that we can prepare better for the experiment.
With kind regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming 这是一封备忘录，在写备忘录的时侯，一定要注意它的格式，尤其要在开头写清楚是谁写给谁来备忘的，用From: To：两个单词即可。文中的―badly‖是―非常的，迫切的‖意思。短语―in order to‖同下句的―so that‖意思是一样的即：为了，目的是。不同的是前者后接动词原型而后者常跟目的状语从句 ，类似的短语还有―in order that‖,用法与―so that‖相同。
例3 Directions: If you are the teacher of the students‘ Counseloris office: P: steelpes, and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student.Write him a memo to reply him including details:
1) The result of his requirement.
2) The reason for rejecting.
3)some suggestions
To: Records Section
From: P/ Steelpes, Career Planning
Subject: Request for Paid Education Leave
Date: May 22, 2004
In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature, I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave.While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge, we feel that English literature is not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization.
I am aware of your great interest in literature, and I would like to point out that you could gain advantage to apply for leave without pay.
If you need another information on the above, do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time.
P.Steels
首先要注意本篇备忘录的格式很标准。然后注意这个备忘录的个别词的用法，譬如：be aware of 注意到、当心的意思，point out 指出,request for 要求，in response to 反馈。
4 应用文写作 摘要
一、概述
文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为―Abstract‖,而英国人则喜欢称其为―Summary‖。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分
①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；
②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；
③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型
常见的摘要句型有：
1）This paper deals with... 2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc)... 3）This eay presents knowledge that... 4）This thesis discues... 5）This thesis analyzes... 6）This paper provides an overview of... 7)This paper elaborates on ... 8）This article gives an overview of... 9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings. 10）This paper includes discuions concerning... 11)This paper presents uptodate information on... 12)This article covers the role of chemicals in... 13)This paper addrees important topics including... 14)This paper touches upon... 15)This paper strongly emphasizes... 16)This eay represents the preceedings of ... 17)This article not only describes...but also suggests... 18)This paper considers... 19)This paper provides a method of ... 20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze... 21)This paper offers the latest information regarding... 22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of... 23)This article explores... 24)This paper exprees views on... 25)This paper reflects the state of the art in... 26)This paper explains the procedures for... 27)This paper develops the theory of ... 28)This article reviews the techniques used in... 29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to... 30)This article is about... 31)This eay is related to ... 32)This paper concerns... 33)This paper gives an account of ... 34)This article tells of... 35)This paper tries to describe... 36)This paper provides an analysis of ... 37)This paper reports the latest information on ... 38)The author of this article reviews... 39)The writer of this paper discues... 40)The writer of this eay tries to explore... 41)The aim of this paper is to determine...
42)The purpose of this article is to review...
43)The objective of this paper is to explore...
破题用语，一般有：
①The author of this article reviews (or: discues,describes,summarizes,examines)something……
②This article reviews (or:reports,tells of,is about,concerns)something…….③This article has been prepared (or:designed,written)…….
④The purpose of this article is to determine something…….
⑤The problem of something is discued …….
结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：
①The author suggests (recommends,concludes)that…….
②This article shows that…….
③It is suggested that…….
④The author‗s suggestion (or:conclusion )is that ……
⑤The author finds it neceary to …….
三、分类举例
1）陈述型论文摘要。陈述型论文摘要（Descriptive Abstract）一般只说明论文的主题是什么，多半不介绍内容。
例1
ABSTRACT
This article extends Lehand and Pyle(1997)model to include the poibility that manager may exploit cooperate wealth through transactions with affiliated companies and/or individuals.The results of our model show that the amounts of wealth exploitation are affected by several factors.They are inorderly managerial stockholding,the severity of penalty,the manager‗s risk attitude,firm‗s expected future cash flows,and the variance of future cash flows.What‗s more, the relation between managerial holding and the amount of wealth exploitation is not seperate.Wealth exploitation rises with management share holdings before the break point.When managerial holding exceeds the break point,any further increase in the management holdings will decrease the amount of wealth exploitation.
例2
ABSTRACT
The effect of price limit on the stock return,volatility and the structural change is analyzed through a generalized autoregreive conditional heterscedasticity(GARCH)model.The interaction between stock returns and its volatility is permitted in each price limit regime.While the stock return does not go up when the price limit goes down from 5%to 7%.The stock volatility,on the other hand,is substantially different acro three regimes.The higher the price limit,the larger is the volatility.In end the GARCH model does not suffer from the structural change when price limits change.
例3
ABSTRACT
This iue presents a complete survey on the integrin,immunoglobulin,and selection families cellular expreion patterns on endothelial, resident cells and graft infiltrating cells in human stomach, heart ,and lung transplants.It describes the patterns of cellular expreion and inducibility in different pathological conditions of the graft.It also discues the implications for the organ specific appearance of inflammatory reactions in human stomach,heart and lung transplants as for immunosuppreive and therapeutic interventions.
例4
ABSTRACT
We clafied firm‗s finacing decisions into four categories:internal financing banking,bank loans,convertible bonds and preferred stocks,and new common shares.
This paper uses pooled cro-section and time series data.When the adjusted data is used,we find that B/M has explanatory power to stock returns for the new-iue category;C/F for the internal financing category.
The size variable is also significant in all categories.However,the sign is not consistent.The convertible category has reverse size effect and others have size effects.As for the E/P variable,we don‗t find any additional explanatory power to stock returns for any category.The use of different definition of size hardly changes our results.
例5
Contact Problems in the Claical Theory of Elasticity
CONTACT PROBLEMS IN THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF ELASTICITY
by G.M.Gladwell
This article gives an account of contact problems in the claical theory of elasticity.It begins from fundamental principles and aims to offer information on recent developments on this subject that the reader can take advantage to widen his horizon of contact problems.
例6
Use of Engineering Metals
Use of Engineering Metals
ABSTRACT
This article shows us the importance of metals in our daily life,especially in machine building and engineering construction.Metals that are used in industry are called engineering metals,of which the most widely-used is iron.Therefore,production of iron is very critical to the development of a nation.
例7
Pure and Applied Science
Pure and Applied Science
ABSTRACT
In this article ,the author holds that pure science is fundermentally concerned with the development of theories establishing relationships between the phenomena of the universe.On the other hand applied science,is directly connected with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs in the life,and to man‗s increasing control over the environment,thus leading to the development of new techniques,procees and machines.It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work.It shows to us that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.
2）信息型论文摘要。信息型论文摘要（Informational Abstract）与陈述型论文摘要相比，略有不同。它除了介绍论文的主题外，还应介绍论文的主要观点以及各观点部分的核心内容。这
种形式实际中相对少见。显然，这种形式的摘要较陈述型摘要长得多。例如：
例1
Probable Development of Agricultural Mechanization
Probable Development of Agricultural Mechanization
ABSTRACT
This article reviews the past achievements in agricultural mechanization and aims to predict the developments in the immediate future.It is widely acknowledged that to cope with greater crop output,it is neceary to make use of more powerful equipment that is capable of more extensive work within the limited time.
The main problems are discued under the following headings.
1)General Trend of Machanization
2)Mechanization of Crop Farming
3)Mechanization of Animal Husbandry
The article concludes that further progre of agricultural mechanization depends on,to a great extent,the development of mechanical industry,which should be spurred and encouraged.
例2
Cultural Factors in Translation and Their Transfer
Cultural Factors in Translation and Their Transfer
ABSTRACT
This thesis attempts to apply general knowledge of linguistics,anthropology and translation to the research of cultural factors in translation and their transfer.The thesis concludes a brief introduction and four chapters.The introduction presents the specific topic and raises several related iues.Chapter One is devoted to the relationship between language,culture and translation.Chapter Two focus on the categorization of cultural factors in translation.Chapter Three talks about three topics:translatability,major translation methods of cultural factors,and the transfer of some important cultural subcategories.The last chapter,gives an analysis of some inappropriate translations and draws a general conclusion for the whole thesis.
例3
ABSTRACT
Internationalization and liberalization of busine activities have become two of the most significant phenomena for the succeful operations of contemporary enterprises.At present,the prevalence of national protectionism and the establishment of regional economic communites,have further enhanced many firms to take part in overseas investments in order that the tariff and non-tarriff barriers of the products could be reduced or eliminated.
Yet ,companies operate in different countries with different political,legal,economic,and social cultural surroundings might have different management styles and strategic operating patterns.Traditionally,the Japanese and the US management patterns are two of the most important reference models for the operations of domestic enterprises.Thus, to promote the succe of busine internationalization activities,it would be very helpful for the domestic firms in Taiwan to evaluate the similarites and differences of the characteristics of busine operations for the US and the Japanese firms especially on management styles,organizational structures,and busine performances.
Through a series of personal interview and mail survey,this study concluded the following findings:
(1)Firms with different investment origins(i.e.,Taiwanese,American,and Japanese firms)tended to operate differently on constructs of cooperate objectives,organizational structures,competitive strategies, and management performances.
(2)For cooperate objectives,Japanese firms tended to emphasize organizational development objectives through educating and activating human resources,while American firms favor financial objective such as improving cash flow and profitability.For organizational structures,American firms achieved higher levels of delegation authority and operation formalization than those of Japanese and Taiwanees firms.For competitive strategies,American firms tended to emphasize product differentiation and cost leadership strategies while Japanese firms favor proce innovation and product differentiation strategies.
(3)Firms selecting proce innovation and product development strategies tended to emphasize both organizational development and sales growth objectives .These firms tended to be very sensitive on the potentials of industry development.In addition,firms adopting cost leadership strategies tended to emphasize sales growth objectives.In a word,these firms seemed to exercise higher levels of formalization and standardization of busine activities.
5 应用文写作 报告
例1
Directions:You are preparing for a field report,please write it in about 100words with such items as following:
①the current situation of the equipments
②your reason and suggestion
To:Mr.Zhao Minghua,president of Beijing University
From:Mr.Li HongJun,Dean of Studies.
Subject:Buying computers and videotape recorders.
Dear Mr.President:
Upon the request of the Equipment Division of the university,we have inspected the laboratory of the Physical Department and found its present equipments unsatisfactory to student, particularly to post graduates.Because there are fourty computers in our laboratory,but there are almost ten times the students and 25 percent are postgraduates.The laboratory material is so shortage that the situation have to be improved at once.In order to enhance the effect of experiments,it is hereby recommended that twenty computers and ten videotape recorders be bought and iued to the laboratory.
Li HongJun
*.这是一份实地考察报告，要求将所看到的状况实事求是的反映出来。upon the request 表示在……的要求下，以request表示要求一般比较正式。postgraduates即研究生
例2
Direction:Take a report by the academic department of an aociation.Follows should be pay attention to:
1)the immediate schemes
2)detailed information such as dates,related persons and numbers
WORK-IN-PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH,2002
From:Anny lee, Head ,Academic Department
To:Mr Ng sik-hung,Chairman Shang Hai Evergreen Aociation
Ref:0091963
Date:2 April 2002
Ⅰ.Shang Hai Secondary School
1.The number of students for the month is:Form 1:329,Form 2:300,Form 3:500,Form 4:238,Form 5:234
2.The week starting from 17 March 2002 was scheduled as a \"week\".
3.Mental consult was scheduled to be March offered 2002 in the School Hospital within the period 29 to 1 May 2002.The persons in charge of the program would be staff of the Mental Health Society.
Ⅱ.Academic exchange
1.As one of the initiators,the Aociation has agreed to host the seminar\"The fostering of talented personnel in Mainland China\",to be held on 3 May 2002 in Shang Hai.
2.The Chairman has agreed to give a talk on behalf of the Aociation in a seminar on the exchange of talented personnel within South East Asia,which is scheduled to be held on 1 July 1997 in Tokyo.
［signature］
*.这是一份工作报告，这类报告应注意言之有序，无论是说一件事的始未，或多项事的情况，都必须有条不紊，思路清晰,并且言之有据，引用的数据要准确，事实的真相要客观地陈述。例3Directions:A ship accident took place in Chang Jiang.Please unite a research report to tell:
1)the cause of the accident
2)the results
3)the response of authority
To:Li Ming
From:Liu Hua
Subject:Ship Accident off West Coast of Chang Jiang,No Casualties.
Date:April.9,1999
Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in Chang Jiang not far from Wu Han.One was a cargo ship carrying lumber,apparently on its way to Chang Jiang.The other was a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.
However,because of the weather conditions,the captains did not realize the danger until a few seconds before the collision took place.Consequently,there was no time for them to prevent the accident.
Fortunately,there were no casualties among the crews or paengers,but both ships suffered badly damages.
A spokesman for the port authorities said that a committee would be set up to determine the cause of the collision.
*这是一份非正式报告，有几点必须注意：开头就交待清楚写报告书的目的。详细阐述调查经过，尽量做到客观公正。
6 应用文写作 简历
一、概述
现代社会，人们在实现自我推销时，外语能力成了一项不容忽视的条件。因而，一份简洁，明了、富有说服力的英文简历会帮助你实现自我推销的目的。
在英语中，简历一般采用Resume 或 Curriculum Vitea 一词，偶尔也有Data Sheet或Vita，Vitae 的用法。
简历是就业时不可缺少的材料。它不是对自己的经历以及经验的一一列举，而是列出主要的且密切相关的材料。例如：经验、业绩、能力、性格等等，然后将这些相关信息用简洁有力的文字表达出来。写简历时，应身临其境地设想是推销员，并把自己当作产品推销。简历是人们寻求职业的重要手段，也是争取就业机会的第一关，因此，它必须写得出色，以便吸引雇主。通常一份成功的简历要遵循下列准则：
1）展现自己的优势和特长；
2）提供能吸引雇主的信息；
3）曾经取得过的成绩；
4）附上具有说服力的证明材料、证明人和推荐信。
5）格式美观，长度适中；
6）用词妥贴，语言简洁而不失重点。
二、举例
例1
Directions:You are applying for admiion to qraduate law program and in need of a resume please write it to describe
1) your education background,qualifications and honors
2) experience
3) personal information
You should write about 100 words
RESUME
LI MING
203 APT 32 ALLEY 1324 NANJING RD (E) SHANGHAI 20020, PRC E-MAIL ADDRESS:Liming@sohu.com OBJECTIVE:Seeking admiion to graduate program of law EDUCATION:Fudan University1999-present Major in law Shanghai No.1 High School1996-1999 QUALIFICATIONS:University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2003) CET6 College English Test level 6 0ct.2002 HONORS:First prize winner of Department speech contest Oct.2002 University scholarship for Excellent studeuts (2001,2002) EXPERIENCE:President of Students‘Union
2001-present Editor of University Journal2000-2001 SPECIAL SKILLS:Good at public speech and debate Proficient in English （fluent speaking and writing）
Expertise on commercial law Good command of Word & Excel software PERSONAL DATA:Date of Birth:8/21/1980 Sex:male Marital Status:unmarried
Health:good
REFERENCES:Zhuang zhong
Dean of law dept
Fudan University
Law profeor
*这份简历是仿照美式的，第一个项目就是―求职意向‖(objective),开门见山，一目了然。请注意―学历‖（Education）和―工作经历‖（Experience）,英文必须先写近的，后写远的，与中文恰好相反。西方强调个人特长，所以简历中最好提一下自己的特长（special skills）简历末尾给出推荐人证明你的英文和专业水平。推荐人应有一定的身份。
例2
Directions:You are applying for a job.please writing a resume to HR to describe:
1) your objective
2) work experience
3) Educational Background
4) personal information
RESUME
204 APT 2 ALLEY 328 YONGJIA RE TEL：64308991
SHANGHAI 200020，PRCEMALL：kalunz@163.net
Career Objective:A position of management job potential in the banking department specializing in Foreign change
Work Experience:
July 2001 to×××Inc.
Present Secretary to deputy manager of marketing
●draft busine correspondence
●keep and update files
●Schedule deputy manager‘s appointments
August 1999 to ×××Co., Ltd.
June 2001Receptionist
●Telephone communication
●greeted clients
●manage correspondence
March 1998 to ×××Industrial Bank
May 1998 Intern
Educational Background:
Sept 1994 toShanghai×××University,Bachelor Degree in International Busine Management
July 1998Major in International Busine Management
●key courses including English, Japanese,
Computer Operation, Busine Management,Investment
International Commercial Law
Sept 1988 to Shanghai×××High School
July 1994
Personal Information:male, born in Shanghai, 11/12,1970, unmarried, healthy
References available upon request.
* 这是一份中式求职简历。这种简历重点突出自己的工作经历（Work Experience）,同时对自己在每一项工作中的突出成绩进行详细描述，并用●标出，以引起对方注意，此简历较为详细地阐明了求职目标。
例3
Directions:You are hunting for a job.Please write a resume to describe your
1)job objective
2)education background
3)skills
Li Tao
P.O.Box 211,××University
6824××Road, Shanghai 200431
Tel:53688226 Email:Litao@sina.com.cn
Job Objective Seeking an office building architectural designer position in a small-to-middle sized architectural firm
×× University, shanghai
EducationB.S.in architecture, June 2002
Completed four-year course of architectural design.
Counses included Urban Design,
Architectural Planning, Structural Engineering,
Interior Decoration, Office Facilities Management,
Computer-aided
Architectural Design
Special Skills▲Familiar with MS Words, MS Excel,
AutoCAD
▲Good command of building codes and standards knowledge
▲independent work ability
▲Proficient in English,(TOEFL 632, January 2001)
Summer Work job construction projects of ××
Company for the past three summers
Other InterestsSketching,painting, photography, developing films in
and hobbies references avail able upon request
*这是一份毕业生求职简历。它着重突出了自己已学课程（courses）和个人的技能（special skills）文中B.S.in architecture,是建筑学士学位缩写。值得指出的是对在校生来说，平时的实习工作经历能为你的简历增分不少。因此该学生也介绍了与所求职位有着相似工作要求的summer work.
例4
Directions: You want to apply for a position as a manager of sale department.Write a simple resume to describe your working experience.It should be around 100 words.
RESUME
Tony Brown
123 Center Street
Centerville, La.
Telephone: (819) 988-6163
Working Experience
2000 to present Western Regional Sales Manager
ABC Electronic Corp.
Center, La.
Supervised sales force of 35 men selling computer
and MP3 components.Responsible for train
ing, the establishment and fulfillment of sales
goals.During this period, region‘s sales rose
an average of 40% anually, compared to
previous rise to 28% .Presently employed by
the firm, but famile ownership prevents rising
any higher in the foreseeable future
* 个人简历不要太繁琐，一般一张纸就够了，本范例着重介绍了自己的工作经历以及取得的成就。如果是应届毕业生的简历，就会相对简单一些，由于没有什么工作经历，因此强调一下自己的已学课程就可以了。不同的简历侧重点不同，要区别对待。
7 应用文写作 其它
一、通知
通知是上级对下级、团体对个人部署工作、传达事情或召开会议时所用的一种文体。同级单位有事情要进行讨论或协商，也可以互发通知。通知分两种：一种是以布告形式，把事情通知有关人员；另一种是以书信形式，把相关事情传达给有关人员。一般说来，通知正文上面正中的地方往往有 Notice 或 NOTICE 一词作为题目，正文的下面是发出通知的单位名称。有时，发出通知单位的名称也可写在正文之前。发出通知的日期一般写在左下角；发出通知的人或单位的名称，可以写在右下角。这两项有时也可以省略。发出通知的单位和通知对象一般都用第三人称，但若正文前用了称呼语，则应用第二人称表示被通知的对象。
例1
Directions:If you are the organizer of a tour and you should give a notice to tell the tourists something about it.It should include:
1)Where is the destination of the tour.
2)What should the tourists pay attention to.
You should write no le than 100 words.
NOTICE TO TOURISTS
According to the schedule, the touring party will visit the Summer Palace and Tian Anmen Square today.You can leave your baggage in the Left Baggage Office and pick it up later this afternoon if it is too heavy to carry with you.The receipt of the baggage should be kept carefully because you will need it.We will come to the Summer Palace first and finish the tour at 2 pm.Then we are going to the destination of Tian Anmen Square without parking.So please don‘t get off the sightseeing bus during the journey until the driver says that it is time for food and drinks or toilets.Please be on time!
* 这是一张旅行团张贴的布告，告知游客当天的活动以及注意事项。―行李寄存处‖叫Left Baggage Office,这是美国英语。英国人管行李叫luggage，与此相对的,行李寄存处便是Left Luggage Office。领取行李，美语to claim baggage,英国人说to reclaim luggage。旅游车是sightseeing bus或coach.
例2
Directions:There are something important to tell the paengers of the plane.Write notice about:
1) Reconfirmation the reservation
2) What‘s the validity of a normal fare ticket.3) About the refund.
You should write about 100 words
Important Notice
RECONFIRMATION If you break your journey for more than 35 hours at any point and hold a continuing or return reservation, please reconfirm your intention of using the reservation.
VALIDITY A normal fare ticket is valid for one and a half years from the date of iue if none of any portion of it has been used, or from the date of commencement if the carriage is commenced.When in doubt, please check with the carrier‘s office concerned.
REFUND The refund should be made not later than 19 days after expiry date of the ticket and only refunded in the same country.
*以上是乘坐飞机的注意事项，包括来回票机座的确认问题（reconfirmation）、机票的有效期问题（validity）以及退票事项（refund）。在飞行前应着重注意这些琐碎的问题。
例3
Directions:You are a member of the students‘ union You want to hold a lecture.Write a notice to the students to inform:
1) the topic and mainly contents of the lecture
2) time and place.
3) the profeor who will give the lecture.
You should write about 100 words
NOTICE
Jontly sponsored by the Students‘ Union and the Youth League Committee, a profeional lecture naming ―How the Tariffs changed after China entered into WTO‖will be given by Profeor Wang Yanqiong.This lecture is mainly about how the import and export polices affect the development of economy, especially the tariffs.Some experts on WTO problems will be present too.They are going to have a discuion during the meeting.The lecture will be held in the terraced claroom No.5 of the building on Friday, October 1,2004 at 2:30 p.m.Welcome all the intelligent students to join in the lecture.Please be punctual.
Jointly sponsors:The Student‘s union and The Youth League Committee
*在表示联合发起时，用Jointly sponsors加合作单位名称
例4
Directions:You are a secretary of the Dean‘s Office.Profeor Wang Ting is absent for health reasons.Write a bulletin to tell the students.A few of details should be clear:
1) why profeor Wang Ting can‘t come to work.2) who will substitute for her
3) how long the situation will be kept
It should be no le than 100 words.
BULLETIN
Profeor Wang Ting, English teacher of Grade Three, is temporarily prevented from coming to cla for health reasons.Profeor Xu Zhiyuan will substitute for her to instruct Listening English for two weeks.The first week, a movie will be given to practise the listening English, and the second week, there will be a cla discuion.Profeor Li Chaoshan will substitute for her to instruct Conversational English for three weeks.The last week is for the final examination.The topic of this week will be ―The Society and The Humanrights‖.You should collect some materials and prepare enough before the cla.Please tell each other about the meage and go to the cla on time.
Dean‘s Office
*―代课‖用substitute表示。substitute可用做名词，例如his or her substitute。Substitute也可用做动词，有两种表示法：to substitute B with A 或to substitute A for B.―上课‖，大学里一般用instruct。
例5
Directions:The Residents‘Committee needs to hold a meeting to discu the security in the residential area.write a notice to tell the residents that:
1) why the meeting is neceary.
2) The time and place of this security meeting
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
NOTICE
It is reported by several inhabitants from this residential area that some strangers with dirty clothes (one of them has a scar on the face) have lately haunted this area.Some stealings have happened from time to time.So the Residents‘Commitee decided to hold a meeting to talk about the problems concerning security in our residential area.The meeting will be held in Room 202 of Building No.4, the time is from 2 to 4 p.m.of May 12, 2004.It is very important that at least one member of each household is requested to attend.Please be punctual and don‘t forget to take the notebooks with you.
The Residents‘ Committee
*―居民区‖用residential area或residential quarters来表示，―居委会‖有两种译法，一是the Residents‘Committee,另一个是the Neighborhood Committee,两者皆可。
例6
Directions:You are the leader of the new Public Security Team, you should tell the residents about the security situation of the residential area.The details including:
1) the purpose of this new Public Security Team.
2) How to contact with the team.
You should write about 100 words
BULLETIN.
Recently, there have been several burglaries in our residential quarters.A few of muggings have been reported by the inhabitants too.A public security team has been set up in order to maintain the order and security of this residential area.Everyone and each household are expected to be on guard.If you see some strangers haunting around this residential area at any time, please be very cautious and careful.Should there be any emergency or you may be in trouble, please call 64941101 or you can go to Room.1101.of Building No.9.to ask for help.Thank you for cooperating with the team.
Public Security Team.
*城市尤其是大城市人员流动频繁，犯罪率比较高，―撬门‖是burglary,―偷盗‖是theft,―拦路抢劫‖是mugging,―掏包‖是pickpocket,警卫或保安人员，是security guards.Should there be any emergency,是一种虚拟证据，有―万一‖的含义。例如Should you be in trouble, please call 110.
例7
Directions:You are a guard of the Guardroom Residential Area.You want to notice something to the inhabitants of this area.The followings should be clear:
1) What‘s the purpose of this notice?
2) What should the inhabitants do if the situation mentioned happens?
You should write about 100 words
NOTICE
It is reported from the inhabitants and residents in our residential area that a few persons came to house holds to sell gas from time to time.They pretended to be the workers of the Gas Company and entered into the inhabitants‘ home on the pretext of examination of the gasline.This kind of situations have happened several times.This activity is illegitimate and should be forbidden.The Gas Company didn‘t send anyone to check the gas or gasline lately.Should such people come again, please immediately contact the security guards.We will come over and interfere.The emergency number is 64492889.You can call at any time you need.
Guardroom.Plesidential Area
*小区居民，是residents 或inhabitants。to pretend冒充,on the pretext of。
例8
Directions:Suppose you are one of the organizers of English evening.Write a notice about it, which should include sponsor ,time, place and the program.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
NOTICE
The aftercla Activities Group takes pleasure in announcing that under the auspices of the students‘ union of English Department, annual English evening is to be held in the students‘ activity center on Saturday, Aug, 23rd, at 7:00 p.m.The program includes songs, dances, recitations, storytelling, skits and plays which are played all by students.Admiion tickets may be obtained on application to the aftercla Activites Group, Room 205, Office Building for free.It must be a good time to enjoy and relax yourselves.All are cordially welcome to give your encouragement to the players and cheer them.
*take pleasure in doing sth.很高兴做某事，under the auspices(复数)of …由…举办，of后跟主办、赞助的人或单位。
例9
Directions: You are a resident in Hong Kong and need a larger flat.Write a bulletin including following details:
1) your reason for the larger flat.
2) your contact information
You should write no le than 100 words.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am a permanent resident in Hong Kong and my present residence is Rm
