Unit 1
Part Four: Exercises1.Exercises in the text: Translating (From English into Chinese)
1) On university campuses in Europe, ma socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and paionate commitment to freedom and justice.
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2) 2)These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it.Of course, it’s true that higher education is still importantl For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010(even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).
现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50%的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
3)I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory claes.This is the cla where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.
我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的----带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”，或诸如此类带有揶揄意为的俏皮话。
4) We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century(1914-1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repreive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before.
我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪(1914-1989)，生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
(From Chinese into English)
1）政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。
Instead of resolvving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes.The Opposition formed and alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.
2）如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。
Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical.Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.
3)我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。
I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures.But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.
4）我一直想法设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。
Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfatory solution.But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.
Unit 2Translating
(From English into Chinese)
1) Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E.B.Titchener, an American psychologist.Titchener’s theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distre of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.
这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。
2) He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling.Motor mimicry fades from toddlers’ repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else’s pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。
3) I also love the split-second shocked expreion on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their “normal faces”.If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one’s closer to them.
我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情，匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。
4) “I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that’s not the only reason I was staring at your lips,” I told him.He laughed.We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the “dance floor”, and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkne.And read his lips I did.我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。
(From Chinese into English)
1） 一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。
The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.2）有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。
When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people’s reaction diverged from one another.Some approached caringly to see of he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out.
3）上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。
Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket.When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me.I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.
4）我上小学二年级的时候，我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且还是在香港买的，那时候在我们看来香港和美国一样遥不可及。
When I was a second grader, one of my clamates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift.The rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time.
Unit 4(From English into Chinese)
1) The objective importance of an event is obviously not enough—there are plenty of enormous global iues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming—but since they are ongoing, they don’t make the headlines on the same day.9/11, in contrast, was not just international, but odd, unexpected, and ( in the sense that it was poible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama) very human.
一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都集中在同一天上头条。对比之下，9/11不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对深陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。
2) But TV news is not necearily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint.By placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture.
但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。
3) The Internet provides an easy outlet for anyone with an opinion, and there’s nothing a newspaper editor likes more for reaurance about their work than feedback and opinions, as diverse as poible.Teenagers today don’t remember a time when they didn’t have the Internet, and reading a newspaper is something they only do if they have aignment to write about the specific medium of print journalism.
互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口；报纸编辑最喜欢的莫过于给他们提供各种不同的反馈和意见，他们能从中得到安慰。如今十几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了；只有在写关于印刷新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。
4) So maybe the newspaper won’t die without a struggle.Trends for the future of newspaper include an increase demand for local news, and the continued exploitation of lifestyle journalism,
which began in the late 1980s, especially within personal finance and travel, will create new revenue streams.
如此看来，报纸是不会轻易消失的。未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新闻需求的日益增长，而始于20世纪80年代后期的对生活方式新闻的持续开发利用—尤其在个人理财和旅游方面—将会创造新的收入来源。
(From Chinese into English)
1）这个消息来得如此突然、如此令人震惊，我在沙发上呆呆坐了几分钟。我的第一本能反应就是赶紧打电话把这件事告诉领导，看看我们能为那些在这起交通事故中死伤的同事做些什么。
So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionle on sofa for a few minutes.My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this
traffic accident.
2）纸版的儿童图书与电子书相比有很大的优势。对孩子们来说，一本印刷精美的纸版书不仅是一本书也是一个玩具。纸版书的感觉与在屏幕上读书的感觉是很不同的。
Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books.For children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with.Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.
3）近年来，传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势，新媒体迅速发展。尽管如此，这并不一定意味着传统媒体已经失去市场。若谈到阅读新闻之类，人们还是习惯于像报纸这样的传统媒体。In recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly.However, this does not necearily mean that traditional media have lost the market.When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media a newspaper.
4）随着金融危机的爆发，许多企业陷入了困境。对于那些因缺乏流动资金无法进行再生产又不想让恶性循环继续下去的企业，他们唯一能做的事情就是向政府求助。With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties.For those who have no circulation fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.
Unit 7
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1.我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我动作的大小，我知道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。(翻译时应弄清作者为什么扔木头，抓准语气。注意caught a gust及depending on的意思。)
2.接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游过来。一路上冰块的侵扰似乎让他受了些惊吓，但他绝对能控制得住自己。我尽量向前趟，直到我的双脚陷进湖底的烂泥，冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夹克。我站在那儿等着。（如直译为“湖底在我的重量下塌陷”则言过其实；把施动者换成“我”来译这句更符合汉语的习惯。）
3.它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。（Our perceptions„of the world是翻译难点。建议把句子拆分，才能使译文清晰易懂。）
4.许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平/钟摆已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜/靠拢了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。（the pendulum is „ back towards Darwin’s ideas是比喻，注意其译法。）
Translation the sentence into English.
1.The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive awaywhen the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police.
2.2.The tree soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, trying tonavigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling in the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination.
3.3.It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning hasobviously overestimated the animal intelligence.She went so far as to suggest that chimpanzees can communicate with humans through computers.
4.4.As volunteers, what we need to do is not just limited to smiling to those who come to us forinformation and help.We must also learn skills for cro-cultural communication, without which our performance cannot be satisfactory.
Unit 9
1.Exercises in the text: Translating (From English into Chinese)
1) There can be no doubt that this sort of cooperative approach can help many students develop personal skills which will help improve their prospects in their search for a job.One of the most well-known personality tests used by employers when interviewing candidates, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI),puts the extrovert / introvert dichotomy at the top of the list of personality traits it tries to analyze.
毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈而斯－布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI）,这种分类法把外向/内向性格两分法置于他所分析的人格特征列表之首。
2) For students who choose to offer their talents in this way, one side effect is to gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not go unnoticed by future employers.But a word ofwarning is in order: You should remember what your priorities are.
对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。
3)We set up their annual cataract eye camp, with free cataract surgery for the local elderly or anyone that needed an eye check.We helped set up the school, cleaned it out, and turned the claroom into the surgery room.It was called the “operation theater.” The first two days werededicated to the eye surgery, and the rest of the week to the eye camp.
我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们在学校里安装设备，打扫环境，将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”。头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。
4) They were a bit unorganized, which could have been improved with better communication between the local agencies and VFP.The best part was bonding with the volunteers, and the agencies did a good job in varying our tasks„ We got to know the locals.Every time I think about riding through the rice fields, being invited in for tea, it makes me smile.他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构与和平志愿者组织之间能更好地相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。最好的经历是与其它志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同工种的活。。。。。。我们结识了很多当地人。每当想起骑车穿过稻田应邀去当地人家喝茶的情景，我就会发自内心地微笑。
(From Chinese into English)
1） 如今对中国的中学毕业生而言，上大学已经不是什么太困难的事情了，因为现在大学的 数量已经是二十年前的三倍。但是要被一流大学录取，你还要比同龄人有更强的竞争力才行。 (times„as many as)
Nowadays in China, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago.But to be admitted by a first-cla university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers.
2） 你花钱参加这个项目是值得的，因为你从中获得的职业技能可以改善你的就业前景，而且你所有的努力终将会得到回报。( acquire; prospects; pay off)
It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the proce are bound to help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.
3） ）虽然通过和这些志愿者并肩工作，我可以学会怎样与他人合作，但我得交参加费。我不得不承认为此我正在花费更多的时间去兼职挣钱，这让我总觉得时间不够用。(work side by side with„; acknowledge; save up for)
Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with other volunteers, I need to pay for the participation.I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.
4)不同的运动在身高、年龄、力量、耐力等方面对参加者有不同的要求。因此有多少种运动就有多少类型的运动员。想参加运动的人总能找到合适的项目。(in terms of; as many„as; no doubt)
Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and stamina.Therefore, there are as many types of athletes as there are sports.There can be no doubt that anyone who wants to get some exercise can find the right sport.
