轮机长/大管轮面试指南
字体: 小 中 大 | 打印 发表于: 2009-5-14 10:11 作者: 上海船人 来源: 海员联盟
轮机长/大管轮面试指南 发布时间：2008-8-7 11:56:05 轮机长面试问题及参考答案
轮机长是轮部的第一把手，也是船上仅次于船长的重要管理人员。实践表明，没有很好的轮机长是很难保证船舶的安全的。目前，世界主要船队的船舶老化问题相当严重，而要保证大龄船舶的营运安全，没有很好的轮机班子是很难实现的。因此，船东在面试船员时轮机长往往是他们考核的重点。特别是东南亚的很多船东公司，他们对轮机长的考核从技术到管理，每一环都很严格。对轮机长的经验、技术和解决实际问题的能力尤其相当重视。我们认为，轮机长不但要有丰富的经验、灵活的头脑，也要有很好的管理能力和团队工作精神，只有这样，才能管好轮机班子，才能和船长以及甲板部的管理工作配合好。
另外，经验表明，相对船长和甲板部队的人员而言，轮机长的英语相对稍弱一些，希望在业余时间下苦功练习英语听力和写作。面试时主要是看你的听力理解，而在国外船上干时主要是做一些英文的确PAPER WORK， 另一方面，随着ISM的生效和强制实施，PSC检查和EXTRA AUDIT方面的审核都要求一定的听力和书写方面的能力。
下面的一些问题不但有技术方面的，也有很多是管理方面的，请轮机长在阅读时能举一反三，联想到其他船东可能考到的问题。
1. Can you tell something about your last ship? What types (brands) of main engine have you ever experienced? My last ship (type of engine, horse power, trading area, GRT/DWT, etc.) I have experience with several different types of main engines, such as Sulzer, B&W, MAN, PC etc.2. What abilities should a Chief Engineer poe? First, I think it is very important for a Chief Engineer to be skillful and proficient at work.Second, he should maintain good management in the engine department.Third, he should be able to try to motivate every person under his management by aigning jobs fairly among them.Fourth, he needs to be good in English and language communication.Last, it is very important for a Chief Engineer to maintain good relationship with the Master, the technical superintendent and other personnel from company, First Engineer and the Chief Officer.Above all, he should listen to orders from the Master in most cases.轮机长不是船上的轮机总工程师，也是仅次于船长的重要的管理人员。因此，在做好自己技术工作的同时，更应该考虑如何做好管理工作。轮机长和船长的配合也是非常关键的。上面的答案仅供参考。 3. What were the consumption rates of cylinder lube oil and fuel oil in your previous ship? For your reference: for a 10000HP main engine, the consumption rate of fuel oil could be roughly 20~25 tons per day, cylinder oil about 280~310 liters per day (depending on the engine type).The duty engineer should check to see if the consumption is normal.The Second Engineer usually is responsible for checking the fuel oil and recording the figures in the Engine Log Book.Lube oil should be checked on every duty watch.The Chief Engineer is responsible for application of the supplies of lube oil and fuel oil.4. Can you please describe in detail the bunkering procedures? I should make a bunkering plan firstly according to the ship owner’s instructions and then report the plan to the Master for approval.Secondly, a bunkering meeting should be held to specify the responsibilities of crew during the procedure.Thirdly, preparations of the following like plugs, extinguishers, drums, alarms, communication means, and fuel oil system graphics (drawing) should be made.Fourthly, I should order the Third Engineer to measure the oil volume in the supplier’s tanks and record the flow meter figures.Bunkering starts after all is ready.I should order the duty engineer to take sounding all the time, especially at the beginning and at the end of bunkering each tank.My duty engineers should pay attention to the oil preure, the temperature and the oil sample to be taken and used as evidence in the future.Lastly, I should not sign the receipts, regardle of any delay, until quantities of the bunkered oil are confirmed.I should also note down any dispute over the quantity or adverse specifications of bunkers taken on the receipt and advise the company.I should bear the following precautions in my mind during bunkering.Before bunkering, I need to make sure that all scuppers are plugged and cemented.I should stop ballasting, de-ballasting and taking fresh water on board whist bunkering, if poible.If I have to do all the jobs together, I should take all care to prevent an overflow of water and fuel oil.If the decks become awash due to such water overflow or rain, then bunkering should be stopped whilst the scuppers are being drained.5. Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space.Please describe the procedures of entry into and work in enclosed spaces.More than 18% and no more than 23% of oxygen in an enclosed space will be OK for the safety of the workers.The procedures are as follow First, I should prepare an entry permit to be signed by the Master.Second, before entry is allowed, all the relevant manholes should be opened for ventilation.Third, the air and surrounding of the enclosed space should be tested to see whether it is safe.Fourth, neceary equipment like the fire extinguisher, lights, communication equipments should be carried by the crew when entering.Fifth, before entry into an enclosed space, a meeting regarding the work procedure should be held.Lastly, when someone is working in a enclosed space, good communication between the crew inside and the crew outside should be maintained and the emergency rescue team should stand by for any rescue work.When entering, at least one of the crew inside is to do the lookout job.During the crew’s stay in the space, ventilation should be continuously on to provide enough oxygen.6.
What is a “Bunkering Plan”? A bunkering plan is made according to the owner’s and / or charterer’s order, the paage (voyage) plan, and capacity of the tanks, oil ROB, and so on.A bunkering plan is made by the Chief Engineer and approved by the Master and the company.Generally, the volume of the bunkered oil shouldn’t exceed 85% of tank capacity.
7. What will you do if the oil supplied by the oil company is le than the agreed amount after bunkering? Receipts should not be signed, regardle of any delay, until quantities are confirmed by all parties concerned.Any dispute over the quantity or adverse specifications of bunker taken shall be noted on the fuel receipt and the company should be advised accordingly.8. Did you ever encounter any mechanic problems on board your previous veels? How did you handle them? It is suggested to answer this question frankly and honestly.不必编造故事，除非故事是完整的，没有任何疏漏的。
9. The ISM Code requires preventive maintenance schedules.How do you make your maintenance schedules? According to the ISM Code, the preventive maintenance plan is made based on the ship’s “Planned Maintenance System” and the machinery running hour records.This plan should be made on an annual basis (or a five-year basis).Usually, the monthly maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance plan and the basic occasional maintenance work.10.Have you ever been to the US ports? Are you familiar with the USCG inspections? 美国是是世界上港口国检查最为严厉的国家之一。对轮机长来说，去过美国，经历过美国的港口国检查对船东来说是很重要的资历。但是，若没有去过，千万不要生搬硬套，编造故事。另外，如果您做大管轮时去过，也是很好的经历。
Some of the useful words you may use when you answer the question: US ports: New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, Tampa, Houston, Miiippi River, etc.USCG refers to the US coast guards.The most important thing in US is the sanitation (hygiene).Besides, fire fighting equipments (FFE) and life saving apparatus (LSA) and training drills must be well prepared for check.我也来说两句 查看全部回复
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上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:12:39)
11.What do you know about the “SOPEP”?
SOPEP means Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.The SOPEP should contain (but not limited to) the following contents.(1) Procedures to be followed by the Master or other crew in case of oil pollution.(2) Pollution reporting system and the authority or persons to be contacted in the event of pollution including the telephone numbers etc.(3) Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil after the incident.(4) List of oil spill response equipment to be maintained and prepared on board.(Remover, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, waste rags, scoop, shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective clothing, portable containers).The eence of the Plan is to avoid any poible oil leakage and oil pollution.Simply speaking, SOPEP should include such things as the emergency contacts (telephone and other communication means, addre etc.), the equipment used in dealing with oil pollution, the muster list for oil pollution, the report procedure when the accident happen etc.SOPEP is compulsory on board most of the ships according to the ISM code.IOPP is the certificate for the veel that is qualified for the requirements iued by the Cla on oil pollution prevention.12.What are the poible causes of crankshaft failure? Too big or too small clearance between bush and shaft is one of the most poible reasons (曲轴间隙过大/过小).Other reasons include material problem, dirtine of the lube oil, uneven loading (负荷不均) in each cylinder, bad lubricating (润滑不良)，and deformation of frame and bedplate.13.What actions should be taken when there is oil overflow on deck during bunkering? (1) Stop pumping and other operations first (2) Ring the alarm immediately (3) Crew should come to their respective position and take actions immediately according to the SOPEP (4) If there is a poibility of fire, the Muster List for fire should be followed (5) After finishing all the actions, records should be made on what has happened (6) Draw leons from the incident to avoid future reoccurrence of the same kind of incident 14.Explain the important things when you take over from the previous Chief Engineer.I shall familiarize myself with the following (1) The engine department personnel (2) The SMS manuals and other documents on board (3) Conditions of the veel, the engine and the equipment to see whether there are any problems left (4) Any outstanding claims and incident reports in the service period of the previous Chief Engineer should be cleared (5) Engine logbook (6) The ROB volume of the fuel oil, the diesel oil, lube oil and chemicals (7) CMS survey items (8) PMS overdue items and relevant reports After finishing all the items in the checklist for handover, we two shall sign our names for evidence, one copy of which with the signature of the master shall be sent to the company.15.Please explain what the Chief Engineer’s Standing Order is? What does Night Order include? It is basically the Chief Engineer’s own set of instructions and orders for the operation of the engine department.The orders should include any particular operating procedures that the Chief Engineer wishes to emphasize.The set of standing orders and procedures must include the following: Operating procedures for main engine Operating procedures for auxiliary engine Watch procedures UMS procedures When to call the Chief Engineer Emergency shutdown procedures Daily monitoring and logs Arrival/Departure procedures Operation of steering gear and test procedures Bunkering procedures Safe procedures in the engine room Duties of junior engineers and ratings Different veels may lave different contents concerning the standing order of the Chief Engineer.But basically, the contents above should be covered.The standing order should be put in the engine control room and in the cabin of the Chief Engineer.The night order should include such things as the warnings, lookout and when to call the Chief Engineer etc.The C/E needs to prepare night order every night before he goes to sleep.16.What is the UMS? Do you have any experience on UMS? Under what circumstances the engine rooms can not is operated in UMS way? UMS means Unmanned (unattended) Machinery Space.I have experienced UMS on board one ship.Under the following circumstances, the engine room cannot be operated in UMS way: (1) When fire detection and extinguishing system are not fully operational (2) When main engine monitoring, control and alarm system are not fully operational (3) When key auxiliary equipment or its controls and alarm system are not fully operational (4) The instruction from the Master demands that the engine room is to be manned (5) When arrival/departure in port (6) During cargo operation and on other occasions when the Chief Engineer determines that the engine room should remain manned 17.When do you apply emergency shutdown procedures and what do you shut down? Emergency shutdown includes (1) main engine emergency shutdown (2) ventilation emergency shutdown (3) fuel oil valves emergency shutdown (4) Sky light quick closing (5) ventilator quick closing damper.Emergency shutdown are used when emergency situations (e.g.fire etc) happens. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:13:58)
18.What do the engine room safety procedures include? The safety procedures include the procedures for maintenance work, overhaul and lifting subjects, high-location and multi-layer (多层和高空作业)，hull side work, hot work, entry into enclosed space, cleaning and painting, using steel bottle and so on.19.Name some critical (important) equipment in the engine room on board your last veel.According to the SMS manuals of the company on board my last veel, the following engines and machine are critical equipment: Steering gear, winch and windla, emergency battery, generator and emergency generator, main engines, life-boat engine, fire extinguisher pump, oil-water separator.Different companies may name different critical equipment on board different ships.Anyway, critical equipment should be given full care in daily work and should be checked and recorded periodically.As far as I know, some companies just name main engine, steering gear, and generator as critical equipment.Some other companies also include winch, mooring equipment, lifeboat engine etc.on the critical equipment list.20.Under what conditions is hot work not allowed? Hot work is not allowed under the following conditions.(1) During cargo operation when handling flammable cargoes unle the ship has obtained permiion from terminal or port authority (2) During bunkering (3) In enclosed spaces or where atmosphere is suspicious (4) On the top of the oil tanks, or any bulkhead or deck bordering on oil tanks (5) When veel is alongside (6) Some other occasions that the Chief Engineer and the Master think it not allowable (7) Under heavy weather condition 21.What is ILO Convention147? What is ISGOTT? What is COLREGS 1972? ILO Convention 147 is The Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (No.147) (and its Protocol of 1996).This rule is made by the International Labor Organization Conference.In this Convention, the minimum internationally acceptable labor standards for seamen in merchant ships are stipulated.Convention No.147 requires the flag State to adopt minimum standards relating to safety, social security, and shipboard conditions of employment and living arrangements to be observed in merchant shipping registered under any flag.ISGOTT means International safety Guidelines for oil Tankers and Terminals.COLREGS means Convention on international regulations for preventing collisions at sea.These two are normal publications on board the veel.22.How often did the superintendent of your last veel come on board for inspection? How will you cooperate with the superintendent of the company in the future? Twice a year.But for other veels, the superintendents may come on the board more often than this.The superintendents come on board to check the ship’s maintenance, the crew and management situation on board and put forward some suggestions.I will respect the superintendent and try to make his work easier.Besides, during his stay on board, I will discu with him on some important matters concerning the maintenance of the machines and the management of the engine crew.和公司监督配合好是件很重要的事情，不管监督代表的建议是否完全正确，也要虚心倾听，否则，可能会导致船上高级管理人员下岗。其实，很多监督都是很有经验的船长和轮机长，他们对公司的管理体系和船况非常了解，往往从他们那里可学到很多有用的知识。 23.During bunkering, what flag should you hoist? The B flag should be hoisted in the daytime and red lights at port sides should be turned on at night.24.What are the poible reasons for the sudden stoppage of the main engine? (1) The cooling water may have got some problem (most engines have got high temperature alarm only) (2) Over-speed of the engine (3) Low lube oil preure (4) Oil mist detector alarm may be on 25.What do you usually talk about in the Safety Meeting on board a ship? The safety meeting is held at least once a month and there should be a minutes after the meeting.The safety meeting is chaired by the Master.At the meeting, the Master shall review the minutes of last meeting and highlight the areas to be improved and rectified.Each department head shall report their overall work at the meeting.The accidents, incidents and non-conformities found in last month will be discued and checked to see whether the non-conformities have been closed or not.Officers and Engineers are required to deal with the unfinished matters.Matters requiring coordination between the engine and deck department will also be discued. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:17:08)
26.What ranks should not be allowed to have the shore leave at the same time? In view of the jobs on board, the following positions and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time: the Master and Chief Officer; the Chief Engineer and First Engineer; the Chief Engineer and Electrician; the Bosun and Pumpman (in tankers); the Chief Cook and Second Cook (or me boy); the Chief Officer and Pumpman (in tankers).27.What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board? According to the STCW95, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) requires the BAC to be no more than 0.04%.watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.28.What should a Muster List include? What kind of Must Lists did you have on the last veel? A Muster List should include the following points (1) Details of emergency alarm signal (2) How ship-abandon order will be given (3) Substitutes for the key personnel who may become disabled (4) The boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed in an abandon ship situation (5) The specific group to which a person belongs and general duties during various emergencies (6) Any additional or specific duties (7) Specific aembly point of each group The Muster Lists must be ready before a ship sails We had the following Muster Lists on board the last veel: General emergency, fire fighting, fire in the engine, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard, oil prevention station.29.Who is a Qualified Individual (QI)? A Qualified Individual under OPA 90 of the United States is very similar to d Designated Person of the shipowner under the ISM system.But according to the US law on pollution prevention, this person is the designated person to be nominated by the shipowner in charge of the safety and oil prevention affairs when the veels come to the US ports.This person should be a US citizen and is familiar with the US laws and rules on oil prevention.30.When heating the fuel oil, what should you pay special attention to? I should pay attention to the temperature to make sure that the fuel oil is not too hot to damage the cargo in the holds, especially when loading grain, paper, wood flammable cargo, etc.On board modern ships, the fuel oil shift pump system has replaced the steam heating pipe system in oil tanks.This system can prevent the fuel oil from being overheated to damage the cargo.31.Do you know the Oil Pollution Act 1990 (OPA 1990)? This Act is a law on the prevention of oil pollution in US territorial waters.It was paed in 1990 by the US congre.It mainly deals with the responsibilities, the indemnities, prevention and cleaning of the pollutants in the sea.The oil tanker crew must be familiar with this ACT.32.Have you ever lifted pistons of a main engine or generator? What procedure do you know? Yes, I have experienced many overhaul work of main engine and auxiliary engines.The lifting of pistons shall follow the following procedure: Firstly, a preparatory meeting shall be held and all the precautions to be taken shall be discued.In the meeting, the personnel responsible shall be designated.General and specific tools shall be prepared for the job.All equipment should be checked before the job can be started.When the cylinder cover is opened, the surface of the cylinder liner should be checked thoroughly.Some cleaning work including grinding ridge should be carried out.After that, the piston can be lifted out and cleaned.The parameters of the cylinder liner, piston, piston rod, piston rings, grooves and bearing clearances should be measured. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:18:15)
33.Why does the turbine super-charger surge (喘振)? There are basically five main reasons.High backpreure of the exhaust manifold and low flowing quantity; Rapid change in load Insufficient supply of fuel oil or bad combustibility (1) Failure of turbine blade, nozzle and diffuser (2) Narrowed scavenging of air paage or scavenge fire 34.Do you know something about the internal and the external audit? During the internal audit, how will you cooperate with the auditors? Usually, the internal audit is carried out once or twice a year in accordance with the owner’s SMS manuals.It is under the charge of the Designated Person (DP), or at the discretion of the DP.The Master should hold a pre-audit meeting with the officers and engineers after receiving the audit notice.The Master should make sure that the best cooperation is provided to the auditors of the company and the documents to be audited are well prepared.The external audit is carried out by the profeional auditors.If nonconformities and observations are found either in the internal or external audit, the ship should make rectification in the stipulated time.35.How should you deal with the garbage on board the ship? MARPOL 73/78 provides for detailed regulations on garbage disposal.Usually, any shipping company should have its own Garbage Management Plan in its SMS manuals.Usually, the Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer is the designated person in charge of carrying out the garbage disposal, but all crew on board should follow the garbage management plan.Garbage is disposed in four steps, i.e.collection, separation, proceing and disposal.The Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer should make clear records in the Garbage Record Book.The Master has to make sure the Garbage Record Book is available for checks at any time.The garbage can roughly be divided into two types: the biodegradable and persistent garbage.The former refer to those that can be rotten by themselves, such as food paper, and wood; the latter refers to those that can not rotten themselves, such as plastic, mental etc.the persistent garbage can never be thrown into the sea.36.How would you balance your engine after taking over power diagram? What is the use of VIT? This is done by adjustment of the individual pump racks on fuel injection pump.It is usually carried out after careful analysis of the results of the power diagram (indicator cards) wherein we can decide which units need adjustment.Exhaust temperatures have to be carefully monitored since this will nearly indicate the Pmax condition.Pump rack scale should be limited to within 3 mm deviation.If after adjustment and results are negative, components such as piston rings, fuel valves, fuel injection pump, exhaust valve etc.have to be inspected at first opportunity.VIT or variable injection timing is a device further incorporated on fuel injection pump to automatically adjust maximum combustion preure by changing the position of the pump barrel (changes the pump timing), which in turn control the amount of fuel delivered.It is usually advantageous to improve the main engine running at part load to save consumption of fuel oil because the main engine may keep the proper maximum combustion preure in comparison with the preure at full load.37.Before overhauling work is done, what preparations should you make? In every machinery overhaul, preparation is extremely important.The preparations usually include the following: (1) Overhaul schedule (time and place to be decided) (2) Anticipate the conditions and/or activities at the place of overhaul (3) Check neceary spares and special tools that will be required (4) Make neceary requisitions for spares if neceary (5) Discu the matter with the Master and ask for his approval (6) Inform concerned persons of the planned overhauling work (7) Conduct “toolbox meeting”, which should cover the following items: Personal protective equipment Specific duties/aignments of each crew Time allotted for the overhauling work Safety measure to be taken Work to be discued with the aid of drawing, finished plan Tools and spares to be used Checklist to be done prior to overhaul Person to report to in case of doubt or trouble After the overhaul, I should make sure of the following: There is no leakage and that all parts have been replaced in order.All tools used are secured in their respective location.The spot of overhaul is cleaned.The machinery is tried out for proper operation and function.All safety devices are checked.38.When you take over a veel, in order that the turnover is smooth and that you won’t meet some problems in your future jobs, what would you normally be careful about? I shall talk with the outgoing Chief Engineer regarding the following: The machinery condition, status of the engine tools, spares and special tool, any forthcoming activities, inventory, port itineraries; survey and dry docking status, oil record book, engine logbook, log abstract and other important items such bunkering, PSC check, internal and eternal audits.I shall make a round of inspections throughout the ship together with the outgoing Chief Engineer and note down any unusual condition or abnormal observed.39.What is “weardown” of a propeller shaft? How is it measured? How much clearance would you consider to be normal? Weardown of a propeller shaft refers to the drop of the shaft or the wear of shaft bearing.The bridge gauge or weardown gauge is used to measure wear of the shaft in relation to its own housing in a static condition.I would consult the instruction manual for the normal clearance.40.Name some machines that would require attention and preparation prior to IOPP survey.I should pay attention to the following machines and documents before IOPP inspection: Oily-water separator, ODM (oil discharge monitor), incinerator, bilge pumping equipment, sewage plant, oil content meter, quick closing valves, garbage management and oil record book.I should make sure that all these machines are well prepared for survey and questioning. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:19:22)
41.What is “critical speed”? Why is it important to avoid this when the ship is in maneuvering or steaming? Critical speed is a term related to the engine RPM where the engine is not allowed to operate continuously.Critical speed will cause abnormal vibration, exceive loading condition and high torques, which in turn will cause damage to the hull and equipment of the ship.42.Why is it important to have marine growth protection on the veel? It is because marine growth causes harmful and troubling effects on ship’s seawater cooling system, which could create problems on ship’s operation later on.It also causes the ship’s performance to decrease (reduced speed) due to fouling of the hull promoting frictional resistance against the water.43.Are you in favor of regular meetings on board? How will you conduct a management meeting? I think that regular management meetings are very important to the safe operation of the engine room or even the whole ship.We can discu some important management and technical questions at the meeting.We can also improve our communication with each other through regular meetings.Thus, it is conducive to the cultivation of teamwork spirit and harmonious atmosphere.44.What special tools and spare parts do you use for docking repair? Special spanners, hydraulic tools, O-shape sealing ring and special measuring tools.45.How do you prevent the fire in the scavenging air box? Considerable deposits of dirty oil, sludge in the scavenging air space, can be caused fire.The draining pipes of the space must be checked carefully and keep them not to be blocked.The scavenging air space should be checked and cleaned regularly.The cylinder lubricator should be adjusted properly and all cylinder liners, piston and piston rings should be dept in good condition.46.What preparation should you do for entering a port? The following preparations for entering a port should be made and confirmed by Chief Engineer.a) Astern test in steps from ahead to astern b) Running of generator and other neceary equipment c) Check alarm system d) Steering gear test with 12 hours prior entry to a port e) Other neceary matters 47.Please give a brief description of fuel oil system? The fuel oil system includes the equipments and mechanisms used to transfer the fuel oil from storage places to the combustion in the cylinder.The fuel oil system can be divided into two parts, the supply and the injection system.The function of the supply system is providing the fuel oil from the storage places to the injection system.The function of the injection system is providing the proper amount of fuel oil at the right time and in a suitable condition for combustion proce.48.What equipment in engine room is usually inspected during the PSC safety inspection? Skylights quick-closed gear, the ventilator quick-closed damper, emergency generator, emergency switchboard, emergency steering gear, emergency fire pump, the oily water separator, the incinerator and the sewage treatment plant.49.What do you know about the ISM code and SMS? How many chapters are there in the ISM Code (as amended)? The ISM code is the International Safety Management Code.The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or lo of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environment and to property.The newly-amended ISM Code right now has 16 years SMS means safety management system, and this system is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is a compulsory part SOLAS 74.The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance (DOC) and SMC without audited Safety Management Certificate (SMC) by Cla designated by the flag registry country administration.Every company should develop, implement and maintain a safety management system (SMS).50.What do Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity in the ISM Code mean respectively? Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence.Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicates the nonfulfillment of a specified requirement.Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediate corrective action and includes the lack of effective and systematic implementation of requirement of this Code.(摘自新ISM Code 原文) 以上内容不一定要非常准确详细地背诵，但至少要知道大致的内容，尤其要知道，ISM规则是变化、开放的国际公约，其内容经常进行修改和增加。此外，随着ISM规则的改变，各船东和管理公司对SMS也要进行相应的修改和补充。
上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:20:16)
51.What items do you need to put down in the Oil Record Book? The matters related to the following items shall be entered in the Oil Record Book every time: a.
Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks.b. Discharge of Dirty ballast or cleaning water from fuel oil tanks.c.
Collection and disposal of oily residual substance (sludge).d. Non-automatic discharge or disposal otherwise of bilge in the machinery space.e.
Automatic discharge or disposal otherwise of bilge in the machinery space.f. Conditions of the oil discharge monitoring and control system.g.
Accidental or other exceptional discharge of oil.h.
Supply of fuel oil and bulk-loaded lubricating oil.i.
Other work and neceary matters. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:21:24) 大管轮面试问题及参考答案
大管轮是轮机部非常重要的管理人员，因此船东对大管轮的面试和挑选非常重视。大管轮的面试一船集中在日常部门管理能力和轮机长的配合能力、服从意识，以及关于主、辅机、舵机以及甲板机械等机器设备的管理和保养等方面。同时，还要大管轮了解《国际安全管理规则》(ISM)的相关知识。
1. What are the responsibilities of the First Engineer on board a ship? The First Engineer is under the leadership of the Chief Engineer.He is responsible for the following.(1) Day-to-day running of the Engine room.(2) Management of the Engine department personnel.(3) Safety matters in the Engine room.(4) All maintenance and repair jobs on board ship (5) The main engine and its auxiliary equipment, steering gears, emergency equipments in engine room, etc.(6) Making and implementing the PMS (Planned Maintenance System) (7) Requisition for, receipt and control of spare parts and stores (8) Supervision of the jobs of engine crew.(9) Keeping watch from 0400 to 0800 and from 1600 to 2000 except for UMS operation.2. What is your emergency position on the Muster List on your last veel? I control and operate the main engine except for the abandon-ship and fire in engine room emergency situations.3. Can you describe an emergency situation you ever encountered on board ships? No, I have never met any emergency situation before now.4. Which machineries and space parts should be under your charge? I should be responsible for the main engine, the service pumps for main engine, steering gear, accommodation air condition, provision of refrigerator and the emergency equipments.I should also prepare maintenance reports, fuel oil and lubrication oil samples analysis, inventory report of spare parts, store and spare parts requisitions, etc.5. Describe the procedure to start a fresh water generator, boiler, emergency generator? In case of fresh water generator: (1) Check the valves to make sure that they are in the normal position (2) Open the sea water valves of condenser and supply sea water to heating chamber (3) Start the sea water ejector pump to draw out the vacuum until the heating chamber vacuum reaches 93% (about 700 mmHg) (4) Open the water heating valves and keep the heating chamber temperature around 45 degrees Centigrade (5) When the condensed water reaches a certain level, start the distilled water pump, and keep its preure no le than 0.2MPa.(6) Start chemical liquid feed pump.In case of automatic boiler: (1) Check the water level to make sure there is normal volume of water inside (2) Open the vent valve on top of the boiler (if it is first time to raise preure from cold condition) (3) Confirm the boiler water supply pumps are in “Auto” condition (4) Switch on the power supply (5) Put the boiler control switch in “Auto” condition
(6) Automatically start the boiler, close the air vent valve while the boiler steam preure reaches 0.02 MPa.(7) Confirm the boiler can auto stop while it preure reaches “high limit” (e.g.0.7MPa) In case of manual boiler (1) Check the water level to make sure there is normal volume of water inside and put the feed water pump in “Auto” position
(2) Open the vent valve on top of the boiler (if it is first time raise preure from cold condition) (3) Put the draft fan in “Manual” position, and make preventive blow to avoid any poible explosion (4) Put the fuel oil pump in “Manual” position
(5) Ignite fire by preing the manual button, if the fire “On”, put valve (6) When the steam preure reaches to 0.1MPa, close the air vent valve (7) After making sure that everything is in order, the normal burning can be done to make the steam preure reach required level In case of emergency generator (1) Check the lube oil level in the crankcase and fuel oil level in the tank all in normal level (2) Check to see if there is any leakage (3) Check the air preure if the generator is the air-started model; or check the battery voltage to see whether it is normal if the generator is of the battery start model (4) Also make sure there aren’t any obstacles around the machine.
(5) Put the test switch in “Manual” position, and manually start it after making sure that above-mentioned items in order (6) If you use “Auto test” model, or “Black out” model to test the emergency generator, you must inform bridge duty officer and Chief Engineer.And you cannot carry it until you get the permit from both of them.Otherwise, you must wait (7) “Auto test” must be carried out once every month.“Blackout” test must be carried out once every 3 months 6. When the main engine cannot started by the compreed air, what are the poible causes? There may be the following causes (1) Air preure is too low (2) The turning gear is still engaged (3) There may be operational fault (4) Some of the high injection pumps are sticked (5) No fuel oil due to the fact that the fuel valve is not open or the fuel pump is not running (6) Relative locked due to some safety device actions (7) Air distributor timing has been wrong Etc. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:22:29)
7. When main engine stops after running a while, what are the poible causes? The following reasons may lead to the problem: (1) Some of the high injection pumps are sticked (2) There is no fuel oil because valve is not open or the fuel pump is not running (3) Lube oil preure is too low, or control air preure is too low 8. What is the purpose of taking lube oil samples for analysis? By analyzing the lube oil sample, we want to know whether the lube oil meets the stipulated standards in viscosity, TBN (total base number), flash point, water contents, mechanic impurities etc..If impurities (i.e.metals) are found, it means something wrong with the bearing and crankshaft.If the viscosity is lower than the standard, it may mean that fuel oil may have leaked into the lube oil system.Too much fuel oil in the lube oil system can lower the flash point of the lube and also may lead to poible explosion.The important figure is TBN.If the TBN is lower than the standard, it means the lo of the anti-acid ability and this will lead to the moving parts corrosive in the near future.9. What are the things you need to take note during the handover (before you sign off)? The outgoing First Engineer shall prepare a set of handover notes for the incoming First Engineer and shall ask the incoming First Engineer be familiar with the note contents.One copy of the handover notes with their signatures shall be given to the Chief Engineer for file.In general the handover procedure shall include the following (1) A tour of the engine room, with view of the engines, documents and equipments (2) Discuion on current and future engine and machine’s operation problems, spare part requirement (3) Information on the maintenance work and program (4) Dry dock repair list, if there if any (5) Discuion on the junior engineers or crew’s capacity and personalities (6) Survey status and requirements (7) Store and status of the ship’s safety equipment and machines (8) Current status of the ship’s safety equipments and machines
(9) Safety and environment protection procedures and any special requirement by the company and in some areas in the world (10) Disciplinary procedures and management practice in the Engine department (11) Any other matters that the outgoing First Engineer thinks neceary and important After the handover, the two First Engineers should sign all the Handover Checklist as evidence and for files.大管轮也是船上特别是轮机部非常重要的职位，所以交接班非常重要。
10.Before and after any hot works is carried out, what are the safety precautions you take? (1) An application of hot work permit must made before this kind of work is done.One copy shall be put on hot work spot, and another copy in ship’s file (2) Make sure that you are suitably equipped and clothed (3) Observe carefully to see whether the weather, and the temperature are fit for firework (4) See whether the fired part and its vicinity have any potential inflammable materials or toxic gases that can arise any fire or poisoning disaster.Make sure that the hot work spot is cleaned and is free from such thins as diesel oil, kerosene, paint, cleaners or thinners.(5) And make sure that you have enough extinguisher equipment available.(6) When the hot work is done, make sure the firemen are standing by for any emergency (7) After the firework is done, check carefully whether any inflammable things are left (8) Ask one or two person to watch carefully for a period time until you are sure that there will not be any inflammation or ignition after you leave the spot.11.What kind of work belongs to hot work? When are you not allowed to do hot work? Hot work refers to all the work involving high temperature, open flames, or sparks that can cause ignition of combustible gases, vapor, or liquid in vicinity where such is done.This kind of work includes electric and gas welding and cutting or burning, grinding, metal chipping, sandblasting/grit blasting, work with sparks caused by falling or hitting, work with electric sparks, other work with high temperature etc.Under the following circumstances, hot work is forbidden: (1) Anywhere on the ship during cargo operation, when handling flammable cargoes unle the ship has got permiion from the terminal and port authority (2) Anywhere and any time during the bunkering (3) In enclosed paces or where atmosphere is suspicious (4) Where painting work is underway at same time (5) Where unsafe factors are suspected 12.How do you carry out gas testing and how do you test the explosion? I use the gas tester to detect the gas composite content.In the vicinity of the places to be tested, the flammable gas content should not more than the limited figure, and no combustive materials are available to avoid any fire.13.Pleas explain the meaning of “SOPEP”? What contents should be included in the SOPEP? SOPEP means Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan and it should contain the following: (1) Procedures to be followed by the Master or other persons in charge of the ship to report an oil pollution incident.
(2) Authority or person to be contacted in the event of oil pollution.(3) Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil following incident.(4) List of oil spill response equipment and materials to be maintained on board.(Removers, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, san, d, waste rags, scoop, shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective clothing, and portable containers).Simple speaking, SOPEP should such things as the emergency contacts (telephone and other means of communication, addre, etc.), the equipment used in dealing with oil pollution, the muster list in the oil pollution, and the report procedure when the accident happens, ect.14.What is the ISM Code? What is the SMS? What contents are there in the ISM code? ISM means International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention.The ISM code includes 16 chapters falling into two parts: implementation of Part One, and verification and certification of Part Two.The 16 chapters are: general, safety and environment protection policy, company responsibilities and authority, designated person(s), master’s responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboard operation, emergency preparedne, reports and analysis of non-conformity, accidents and hazardous occurrences, maintenance of the ship and equipment, documentation, company verification, review and evaluation, certification and verifications and control, certification and periodical verification, verification, interim certification, and forms of certificates.The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code.SMS means safety management system, and this system is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is a compulsory part SOLAS 74.The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance (DOC) and SMC without audited Safety Management (SMC) by Cla designated by the flag registry country administration.15.What do Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity in the ISM Code mean respectively? Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence.Non-conformity means and observed situation where objective evidence indicates the nonfulfillment of a specified requirement.Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediate corrective action and includes the lack of effective and systematic implementation of a requirement of this Code.(摘自新ISM Code原文) 以上内容不一定要非常准确详细地背诵，但至少要知道大致的内容，尤其要知道，ISM规则是变化的、开放的国际公约，其内容经常进行修改和增加。此外，随着ISM规则的改变，各船东和管理公司对SMS也要进行相应的修改和补充。
16.What ranks should not be allowed shore leave at the same time? In view of the jobs on board, the following position and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time: the Master and the Chief Officer; the Chief Engineer and First Engineer; the Chief Engineer and Electrician; the Bosun and Pumpman (in tankers); the Chief Cook and Second Cook (or me boy); the Chief Officer and Pumpman (in tankers).Any crew who wants shore leave must check with the department head for permiion and return to the veel on time.17.What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board? According to the STCW 95, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) requires the BAC to be no more than 0.04%.Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.18.When you are keeping the watch, what should you be careful about? In order to ensure the normal operation of the engines, I should (1) Keep closed watch on the fuel oil and lube oil conditions (2) Be alert on any poible problems arising from abnormal temperature, leakage, or some other problems (3) Be careful about those abnormal noises (4) Make a quick judgment if hearing abnormal noises from machines, and report them to the Chief Engineer or even the master immediately if the noises are very serious and I myself cannot deal with it (5) Obey the rules of the company and the inspections from Chief Engineer, Master and some warnings from the deck department. 上海船人 (2009-5-14 10:23:45)
19.What should a Muster List include? What kind of Muster Lists did you have on the last veel? The Muster List should include the following contents (1) Details of emergency alarm signal (2) How ship-abandon will be given (3) Substitutes for the key personnel who may become disabled on board (4) Specify the boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed by abandon ship situation (5) The specific group to which person belongs and general duties during various emergencies (6) Any additional or specific duties (7) Specific aembly point of each group The Muster List must be ready before the ship’s sailing
We had the following separate Muster Lists on board the last veel: General emergency, fire fighting, fire in the engine room, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard, oil pollution, and so on.20.What preparations should you make before entry into port? The preparations include the following.(1) Stand by the main engine (including test engine ahead/astern by remote control and emergency local control).(2) Start generator and check power supply and compreed air (3) Test emergency generator and emergency steering gear (4) Check all the cargo gears in accordance with the requirements from the bridge (5) Report fuel oil and fresh water quantity, drain out water from fuel oil tanks/air bottles and test alarm system and monitor system (6) Change fuel oil to diesel oil if needed, reduce the speed of main engine to harbor speed (7) Test the telegraph, correct clocks between bridge and engine room (8) Make some other preparations according to “prepare for arrival port check list”
According to USCG regulations, the main engine test must be carried out within 12 hours before arrival Emergency generator and emergency steering gear test must be carried out within 48 hours before arrival.尽管各个公司的SMS手册对此项工作有不同的规定，但可能是大同小异。
21.How would you balance your engine after taking power diagram? What is the use of VIT? This is done by adjustment of the individual pump rocks (on fuel injection pump).It is usually carried out after careful analysis of the results of the power diagram (indicator cards) wherein we can decide which units need adjustment.Exhaust temperatures have to be carefully monitored since this will nearly 7 indicate the Pmax condition.Pump rack scale should be limited to within 3 mm deviation.If after adjustment and results are negative, component such as piston ring, fuel injection pump, exhaust valves, etc., have to be inspected at first opportunity.VIT or Variable Injection Timing is a device further incorporated on fuel injection pump to automatically adjust Pmax by changing the position of the pump barrel (changes the pump timing), which in turn control the amount of fuel delivered.It is usually advantageous during rough weather condition where abrupt load changes occur and so proper load distributions among cylinders are maintained.22.Are you familiar with the following engine overhauling work: main engine overhaul, turbo charger overhaul, main bearing and crankpin bearing overhaul, and safety equipment survey? Before overhauling work is done, what preparations should you make? I am very familiar with the overhauling work of the engines mentioned above.In every machinery overhaul, preparation is extremely important.The preparation usually include (1) Overhaul schedule (time and place to be decided) (2) Anticipate the conditions and or activities at the place or overhaul (3) Check neceary spares and special tools that will be required (4) Make neceary requisitions for spares if neceary (5) Discu the matter with the master and ask for his approval (6) Inform concerned persons of the planned overhauling work (7) Conduct “toolbox meeting”, which should cover the following items: Personal protective equipment Specific duties/aignments of each work Safety measure to be taken Discu the work with the aid of drawing, finished plan Tools and spares to be used Checklist to be done prior to overhaul Person to report to in case of doubt or trouble After the overhaul, I should make sure of the following There is no leakage and that all parts have been replaced in order All tools used are secured in their respective location The spot of overhaul is cleaned The machinery is tried out for proper operation and function All safety devices are checked 23.Why is it important to take engine crankshaft deflection? Engine crankshaft deflection measurements determine the alignment of the crankshaft and it is by means of this reading that we can ascertain the condition of the main bearings.Careful analysis of this reading would indicate which bearing to check.24.Marine diesel engines are equipped with turbo-chargers.What do you think are the causes of their surges? Surging could be caused by the following reasons: rough weather conditions, fouled air cooler, improper load distribution between cylinders, deflective turbocharger-exceive clearances, worn-out bearings, fouled turbo charger, abnormally high exhaust gas back preure, and blocked scavenging ports.25.How do you program the “preventive maintenance service” of the main engine and its auxiliaries? What are the criteria or basis to do this? Preventive Maintenance Service (PMS) of the main engine should be carried out as per the maker’s recommendation.This could be found in the instruction manuals.“Checking and Maintenance Program” should be consulted prior to scheduling and maintenance.This will clearly indicate the intervals at which it is deemed appropriate to inspect individual components and to carry out overhauls, if neceary, based on the engine condition or on the time criteria.26.What is the advantage of oil lubricating on propeller shaft stern tube? Circulation lube oil on propeller shaft stern tube is advantageous to the effect that it will serve as lubrication by providing a film or coating between rubbing surfaces thereby reducing friction and wear.It also acts as sealing medium when under controlling preure to prevent entrance of seawater into the rubbing surface eliminating the poibility of corrosion.27.What is the purpose of installing a mist detector on the main engine? The purpose of installing oil mist detector to the main engine is for the detection of oil vaporization, which is usually caused by hot spot like overheated bearing due to improper lubrication.Explosive conditions are thus prevented if oil mists are detected early.28.How can you be a good senior engineer? I think it is very important set an example for the junior engineers and oilers.Besides, harmonious relations with other people, especially the Chief Engineer, in my department are also very important.29.How do you prevent the fire in the scavenging air box? Considerable deposits of dirty oil and sludge in the scavenging air space can poible cause fire.The draining pipes of the space must be checked carefully and must be kept not to be blocked.The scavenging air space should be checked and cleaned regularly.The cylinder lubricator should be adjusted properly and all cylinder liners, pistons and piston rings should be kept in good condition.30.What are usually contained in repair list? A repair list may include such items as repairing items, specifications to be required, materials or mechanical parts, requirement of repair, and so on.31.What kind of safety preure control does the refrigeration plant compreor usually equipped? The operation of the compreor is controlled by the following safety controls: (1) High preure control, which can automatically switch off the compreor in case the system is in high preure, e.g.caused by stoppage or lack of supply of cooling water.(2) Low preure control: which can break the compreor automatically in case of pretty low preure in the system? 32.What kind of machinery maintenance work you have ever experienced in your past seamanship? I have ever experienced such maintenance and repair work as: a) Dry docking b) Open-up and examination of principal parts of main engine (Pistons, Cylinder covers, Crohead bearings, Crank pin bearings, Crank bearings, Thrust bearings, and so on) c) Propeller, Propeller shaft, Propeller bearings and Line shaft bearings d) Open-up and examination of principal mountings on Boiler e) Corrosion protection of the principal piping line (Main cooling seawater piping, Suction and delivery ballast water line, and so on) f) Open-up and examination of Steering gears g) Electric equipment, switchboard, and electric cables check and maintenance work
