写法指导(writing directions) 1.记叙文的结构
记叙文通常有三种结构类型: (1) 顺序型:按时间发生的先后顺序所作的叙述。它能使人物,事件的叙述有头有尾,脉络清楚，有较强时空层次性，比较契合我国读者的接受心理。顺序常常不单独使用，多与其他叙述手法交叉，从而使叙述曲折生动，跌宕多姿.顺序型的结构模式是:总述+分述+结尾.这是一种按照事件开端→发展→高潮→结局的自然顺序进行叙述的客观记叙方法。 (2)倒叙型:先写结局,后写事件经过的叙述方法.所谓倒叙,是把事件的结局或其发展过程中的某一重要断面提到文章前面，写完结局或断面,然后才按时间顺序写.这种笔法吸引读者。倒叙的结构式是:本事+往事.在这个模式中,本事=总叙开端+分叙发展或高潮+结尾结局.这是客观事物发展过程中的主要事件被颠倒的自然顺序的反映.倒叙文一般把本事中原有的往事写在本事的结局之后. (3)合叙型:这是顺序和倒叙互相结合的一种叙述方法.在叙述某事的过程中暂时中断线索,插入另一件事的叙述。对全文来说，插入仅是一个片段，插叙完后，文章仍回到原来的事件叙述上来。这种插叙不是叙述的主体部分，一般不会发生在主流的时间范围内。若把这种插叙删去，虽然会削弱主体的深刻性，但不明显影响主要情节的完整性。合叙型的结构模式是:总叙+结尾. 2.英语记叙文的语言特点
英语记叙文的重要语言特点包括: (1)以一般过去时为主,各种时态为辅,合理使用丰富多采的谓语动词时态. (2)多用动词，特别是动态强的行为动词. (3)使用直接引语. 要写好英语记叙文,就语言运用方面而言,应该在上述但方面多下功夫. 3.写作方法
写好英语记叙文的基本方法是:首先明确所要记叙的要素，即五个w和一个h(when,where,who,what,why,how).一般来说，要把事件和人物活动写清楚，这六个要素缺一不可。然后，确定以第几人称的视角以及何种顺序展开记叙,以保证记叙的条理性;最后，多在塑造人物、展开情节上下功夫,使文章能引人入胜.叙文主要是由时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(result)六要素构成。一般来说，记叙文要把事件和人物活动写清楚，这六要素缺一不可。
叙事类写作以叙述事件为主，可以说事件是记叙的核心。写事件要交代事情的来龙去脉，可按事件发生的时间先后顺序依次叙述。同时要求重点突出，目的明确，详略得当。当然，构思新颖也是写好叙事文 的重要要求。这里的构思就是指文章的立意要新颖，组织材料和表现手法上要巧妙。在句式上，表示本人的经历或耳闻目睹的事件用第一人称，表示他人的经历和事件用第三人称。
【赏析】 a football game yesterday we had a football game against the team from cla four.their players were good.we really felt a little afraid of them.but zhang xin, the leader of our cla team, said, although they are good players, their team is weak.zhang xin is about 1.68 meters tall and his number is twelve.he can kick two or three goals every match.then he told us,remember that we are a team and well win the game. at the beginning of the match, a player from cla four ran with the ball.zhang xin ran over quickly to stop him.he got the ball and kicked the goal! he kept on paing the ball to other players.we paed the ball to each other like him.the players from cla four were getting anxious.they were angry with us.but we continued to pa the ball. at last we kicked four goals and they kicked two.we won the game! we were very happy.篇2：大学英语记叙文500字范文 a long way last semester, i worked in a restaurant at my spare time.at the beginning, it was extremely hard for me to learn the roles and remember the recipes.i had to stand there and smile.at the end of the day, i was so tired that i almost could do nothing. after a few days of working, the head waiter told me that i could take charge as a chief.i knew if i worked hard, i would take charge of a room.it meant i can get more tip.i was glad to do that. as new, it was not an easy thing to serve all customers well.sometimes, i dished up wrongly.or i forgot the customers requirements.what is worse, i overturned the plates twice.however, i could not be defeated because of these difficulties. one day, i was about to be off duty when three foreigners came here.because other colleagues could not speak english well, i had to stay to serve them.it was my first time to talk with a foreigner.however, suddenly, my mind was blank even though i had memorized 3000 words.how can i talk to them? i began to speak slowly, but think fast. excuse me, what can i do for you? i said it word by word.at the same time, i showed them the menu. no, we order ··· with some rice.they said so quickly that i seldom couldnt know what they wanted. pardon? i asked with embarrament. oh, we want tomatoes and eggs.look at this, xi hong shi chao ji dan, he showed me a note with some chinese characters. i got it.what else? i tried my best to keep calm as i could.i had no reason to laugh at them because of my bad english. water, please.then, a pot of tea was on the table. the more terrible thing was that the rice was sold out.how can i explain this to them? we were closing the store for the night.it was normal.however, we had been alternative. hum, there is no rice left.how about noodles? like this and this.i felt embarraed extremely.i could not translate the name to them and just showed the picture in the menu to them. maybe they were hungry, or they had no choice.they agreed me. they said something and laughed.i could hardly understand it.but it was not my busine.the thing that i need to do was serve them more considerate. they were eating and i was to go back to hostel. before long, they finished their supper and said: how much? so, i had to stay more minutes.i gave them the bill. it is too expensive.they yelled.i knew it was too expensive here.but i had no idea.i could do nothing for them, just smiled to them. finally, i gave them the bills and i got rid of the serve. at the way to school, i saw them and we went the same way.they were students too. it is memorable.each for it was the first time makes a dent in my heart.gaining self -confidence means half succe.i believe myself and wont lose confidence any more.篇3：英语记叙文写法
记叙文大致可以分为两大类：以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述；后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动，而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。
二．六大要素
记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素，即时间(time)、地点(place)、人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(proce)和结果( effect)。 1.简要介绍你最好的朋友。 2.你们之间的故事。 3.你对朋友的理解。
范文：
my best friend upon the words “best friend”, a figure jumps into my mind (jump这个词使一个人物形象活灵活现地展现在读者眼前) —zhang ye—my schoolmate in senior high school and also my best friend.during the three years in high school, we shared countle moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.(排比句式能使表达更有力度，而且将与朋友的共同经历描绘得丰富多彩) she is of medium height and slim figure.though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing stamina(毅力).despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when i attempted to give up.when we were preparing for the national entrance exam, she cheered me up emotionally and would give me a hand whenever i was in trouble.but for everything she did for me, i couldn’t have had this opportunity to give a decent job with a decent pay.after the exam, she got enrolled by tsinghua university in beijing while i went to a college in south china. for the past several years, we have been in touch and share everything we are experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting. true friendship lasts life long.friendship is a magic.it can melt the ice in one’s heart and blow away the mist on one’s mind.it can inspire others and outdo the self.(再次应用排比句式表达了对友谊真谛的理解，感人至深) i believe the friendship between zhang ye and me will be the life-time beacon for both of us. 记叙文篇
第一篇：the first cla i took at college 1．大学第一节课的时间和地点。 2．大学第一节课的情景。
3．对这第一节课的感受以及其对自己的影响。
第二篇：the day my clamates fell ill篇4：英语记叙文的写作方法
记叙文写作方法与技巧 一．概念
记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有：故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、人物传记、日记和回忆录等。记叙文大致可以分为两大类：以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述；后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动，而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。 二．六大要素
记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素，即时间(time)、地点(place)、人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(proce)和结果( effect)。
由于记叙文中所涉及的要素比其他文体相对要多、要复杂，所以整篇文章的结构安排就显得尤其重要，安排不合理就会使读者产生混乱的感觉。
记叙文的展开一般都是以时间为主线来组织所要叙述的内容，使读者对文章中的人物或事件有一个比较清晰的了解。记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式:正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构，即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点，然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。
三．时态
记叙文讲述的大多是过去已经发生的活动或事件，因此用过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的作品比较多。但有时为了使文章显得更加真实、亲切和生动，也可以使用现在时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时)。
四．人称
记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体，即 “人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓，可以增强文章的真实感，有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程；第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制，更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。
无论采用第一人称，还是采用第二人称，都要保持全文叙述主体的人称的一致性。注意：句式尽量要多变，不要通篇文章的句子都以人称代词开头，否则文章会显得单调沉闷。例如: i loved the book first because of its beautiful heroine.then i found it a romantic love story which greatly moved me.i now find that it is better taken as the growth story of a naive girl into a strong-willed woman.i realize that it is the eence of the book that attracts such big number of faithful readers. 这一段描述在用词、内容、逻辑上都不错，但过多地使用了以“i”开头的句子，使文章略显单调乏昧，给读者的印象大打折扣。
五．措辞与表达
在全国大学英语四级考试的各种作文体裁中，记叙文需要应试者具有更全面的语言技能与篇章组织能力。四级考试中常见的议论文和说明文分别要求语言的准确性和论证的合理性、可信性；而记叙文的语言则以生动、真实、贴切为准则。同一个记叙文题目，不同的人会描述不同的人物经历或事件，又很少有固定的表达或句式可供参考，这时作者的综合语言水平就会表现出来，对能否取得高分起到了相当重要的作用。 这就要求考生平时要多注意语言的磨练和积累。
六．记叙文写作技巧
1.仔细审题，明确主题，选准素材，罗列提纲。 2.写好第一段 最好能采用一个复句并且用上几个四级水平的单词或词组。这样的文章开篇方式会使读者或阅卷人确信接下来的文章也一样精彩。
我们来看这样一段文章的开头: the results of the college entrance examination came.i tore open the envelope.as soon as i saw the score，tears streamed down my face.i fell into my bed and did not get up the whole day.all was over.what is the meaning to live on earth? for the first time， i thought of death， of being a vagrant and of being single all my life.i was only seventeen.wasn’t it cruel to me? my father was hurt and he could not stand it that his son was a disgrace.he was angry beyond words.my mother kept silent，and often i saw her in tears.horror filled the house. 怎么样，你自己是否也被一种失落与绝望的气氛所笼罩，并且期待着看到作者接下来会做些什么呢? 3.结构要清晰
下笔之前一定要对整篇文章的结构有一个完整的构想，作文的框架、主题和脉络是最
重要的采分点。要清楚每一段要陈述哪些内容，这样不仅可以增强文章的逻辑性和可接受性，还可以使整篇作文的行文水到渠成，不会有凑字数的烦恼。 4.尽量多使用表示转折、顺接、因果和时间的连接词
如first、second、moreover、for one thing„for another、on the one hand„on the other hand等。这样既可以显示语言功底，又增强了记叙内容的连贯性和生动性。 5.文章不要写得太长
有的考生遇到触动自己内心情感的记叙文题目时就“一发不可收拾”，但由于时间有限，结果草草收尾，甚至没有结尾。四级作文毕竟是应试作文， 只要充分发挥出自己的英语语言水平，表述出所规定的内容就可以了。 6.要多用四级词汇，要使句式多样化
没有语言错误并不是高分作文的保障（基本没有语言错误只是8分的基本要求) ；作文想达到11分以上，四级词汇和句型必须达到一定的比例。如，表示“重视”的词汇有stre，emphasize等，但选用短语attach importance to更能吸引阅卷人的注意；disagree和frown on sth.都表示反对或不赞成，前者就平淡，后者表达意思很生动，更能引起阅卷老师的注意。
简单句和复合句合理搭配，长短句交替使用，会增强文章的节奏感，使描写更生动，给阅卷老师留下深刻印象。如： (1) 名词化手段：用名词或名词词组替换一个句子或句子的主要部分，然后使这个名词或名词短语成为另外一个句子的组成部分，以达到合并句子的目的。如： we were very much surprised． mary refused the invitation． we were very much surprised at／by mary’s refusal of the invitation． (2) 定语化手段：根据语义关系，可以把其中一句转换成形容词或形容词性成分、分词短语、定语从句等，如：
the winnerwas in no mood for speeches． the winner was hot and tired． thewinner，hot and tired，was in no mood for speeches．(转换成形容词短语) 7.字迹清楚，卷面整洁。尽量不涂抹。 8.最后的2—3分钟，进行修改检查。
检查的内容不是“大处着眼”，而是“小处着手”；不是考虑作文的框架结构，而是留心细枝末节。即检查： (1) 动词时态是否正确(还包括主句与从句中的谓语动词时态)； (2) 主谓语是否一致；
(3) 代词的指代关系是否清楚； ’ (4) 动宾搭配是否合适； (5) 用词是否错误； (6) 冠词；
(7) 大小写、标点符号；
(8) 漏写、误写和拼写错误。
七．范文分析 directions: now you are allowed thirty minutes to write a paage on the title my best friend.you should write at least 100-120 words following the outline given below in chinese: 1.简要介绍你最好的朋友。 2.你们之间的故事。 3.你对朋友的理解。
范文：
my best friend upon the words “best friend”, a figure jumps into my mind (jump这个词使一个人物形象活灵活现地展现在读者眼前) —zhang ye—my schoolmate in senior high school and also my best friend.during the three years in high school, we shared countle moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.(排比句式能使表达更有力度，而且将与朋友的共同经历描绘得丰富多彩) she is of medium height and slim figure.though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing stamina(毅力).despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when i attempted to give up.when we were preparing for the national entrance exam, she cheered me up emotionally and would give me a hand whenever i was in trouble.but for everything she did for me, i couldn’t have had this opportunity to give a decent job with a decent pay.after the exam, she got enrolled by tsinghua university in beijing while i went to a college in south china.(对3年中两人共同勉励、共同奋斗经历的叙述为读者展示了一段难忘的人生时光，确实不愧为best friend) for the past several years, we have been in touch and share everything we are experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting. true friendship lasts life long.friendship is a magic.it can melt the ice in one’s heart and blow away the mist on one’s mind.it can inspire others and outdo the self.(再次应用排比句式表达了对友谊真谛的理解，感人至深) i believe the friendship between zhang ye and me will be the life-time beacon for both of us. 评析：
这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。大多数人物记叙文都遵循一个比较固定的写作套路，即: 第一段叙述文中人物与作者的关系，并对人物进行综合评价; 第二段叙述文中人物其个人或与作者共同的某段经历、活动;第三段进行综合叙述。 本文的第一段总体叙述了两个人相识相知的经历并用一个排比结构总括了两人共同经历的苦与乐、欢笑与泪水( laughter and tears，joy and sorrow)。第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致，也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟，使文章的主题得到升华。而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind; inspire others and outdo the self)也展示了作者深厚的语言功底。
八．参考模版 篇5：英语记叙文 记叙文_英语题库
要点概述：
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记叙、描写为主要表达方式的一种文体，通常分为三类： 1.以人物为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写一件事或两件事。 2.以事件为主的记叙文。即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件，可以写一个人或几个人。 3.以写景状物为主的记叙文，应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不可截然分开，但各有侧重。
写记叙文通常应遵循以下几点： 1 .交待要素，即人、时、地、事。 2.按事件发生的先后顺序叙述，做到完整具体。 3.重点突出，目的明确，不要玩弄词藻，讲清言明即可。
写作时还要注意，用第一人称时主要是本人的经历或耳闻目睹之事；用第三人称时则主要是他人的经历和事情。记叙文所记的都是过去发生的事，所以原则上通常都用过去时态写，但有时也用历史现在时和戏剧现在时。
名题剖示 1 下列图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历，请根据此图为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇短文。
注意： 1 .短文必须包括图画所表现的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整； 2.叙述必须用第一人称； 3.词数 100 左右。
生词：违章者 offender n.十字路口 croroad（s） n. 分析：本文要求考生用记叙文的方式叙述自己和哥哥在看电影的路上违章被罚的经过。
首先要仔细观察图，读懂题意，然后依图编拟提纲。
内容要点： 1.哥哥骑车带我去电影院 go to the cinema by bicycle 2.在十字路口被两人拦住 3.半小时前他们因骑车带人被警察拦住 be stopped by a policeman， half an hour ago 4.警察罚他们抓住下一个违章者 made them catch the next offender 5.于是我们照样被罚，接他们的班 stand， wait to catch another offender 例题分析：
这是一篇记实的记叙文，叙述的是我和哥哥骑车受罚的经历。文章简短、流畅，有两处使用了直接引语，使短文显得生动。
在动笔之前，考生应明确题目要求，因为是“你的一段亲身经历”，所以必须使用第一人称。考生应认真审题，把握图中人物关系及图中的提示语。因为故事发生在过去，所以短文的时态应以过去时为主。
范文中在写作顺序上采用了插叙的手法，增强了短文的感染力。文章的关联词和过渡语使用得体。如： the other day， as we came to?? ， but ?? ， so?? . 范文中使用了较复杂的句子结构，如：
（ 1 ）现在分词作伴随状语：① with me sitting on the seat behind ② pointing to a policeman ?? （ 2 ） make 接不定式的复合结构： ??and made us catch?? （ 3 ）条件状语从句： ??as long as we did 参考范文
名题剖示 2 《英语辅导报》高三版正在征集以 my grandmother 为题的文章。请根据下列要求，写一篇介绍奶奶的记叙文，以便向该报投稿。 1.70 岁，头发花白； 2.和蔼、善良、乐于助人，邻里关系融洽； 3.身体健康，生活简朴； 4.喜欢看电视，对《对话》，京剧（ beijing opera ）感兴趣； 5.教育我以诚待人，做有用人才。
注意： 1.词数： 100 左右； 2.可适当增加要点，使短文连贯。
内容要点：
根据短文提示，可以提炼出以下要点： 1.gray hair； 2 .lead a simple life； 3.be ready to help?? 4.get on well with； 5.enjoys watching/ show interest in?? 6.told me to be honest?? . 因为奶奶如此善良，所以“她受人尊敬”，“我爱我奶奶”，这些语言尽管没有明确提示，但应是短文必不可少的要点。
例题分析：
本文要求考生写一篇记叙文。首先考生应根据提示，确定全文的时态，用一般现在时，并注意人称的使用，因为题为“ my grandmother ”，所以应使用第一人称。由于这是一种指导性写作，考生应紧扣所给提示，不能根据实际生活中的“奶奶”随意发挥。
作者重视了人物形象的描写，把一个慈祥、乐于助人、受人爱戴的奶奶展现在读者面前。尽管年事已高，但“奶奶”也有自己感兴趣的事情。文中较好地使用了较复杂的句子结构，像定语从句，使用了较多的连接词，文章衔接自然，层次分明。
参考范文： my grandmother my grandmother is seventy years of age who has a head of gray hair.my grandmother get along well with her neighbours.she is a kind-hearted person and is always ready to help others， so whenever people get into difficulties， they often go to her for help.she is respected by all her neighbours. my gradmother enjoys watching beijing opera on tv and she shows much interest in the dialogue of cctv.she leads a simple but happy life. she often tells me to be honest.she expects me to work hard at my leons and be a useful person to the society in the future.i love my granny very much. 本文《记叙文_英语题库》来自中国教育文摘，查看更多与相关文章请到。
