2014年5月 人事部二级口译真题（回忆版+两篇原题）
第一篇（英汉）美国鼓励中国公司在美投资(待更新)
Seminar
The United States is open to new ideas, products and innovations.We offer strong intellectual property rights protection, open capital markets and a predictable and transparent legal system.美国对新想法、产品和创新是开放的。我们提供强有力的知识产权保护、开放的资本市场以及一个可预见的、透明的法律体系。
第二篇（英汉）GDP should not be the focus of development (原题来自中国日报)
The constant scrutiny by Wall Street and policy makers of countries\' GDP growth can distort development incentives and result in disastrous unintended consequences.Clearly, for a country to prosper, sufficient economic activity must be generated in order to employ greater numbers of people and to improve the overall standard of living for society.However, GDP was developed as a measure decades ago, and it has many shortcomings that can make it a poor measure of quality of life.Instead, economists and policy makers should focus on other indicators and develop new models for measuring a country\'s development progre which is poible with today\'s technology and big data.GDP is the sum of all the financial transactions for products and services within a country\'s borders.The first problem with this measure is that with many companies operating in multiple countries, the profits that accrue do not necearily stay within a country\'s borders.In fact, arguably a majority of the profits of multinational firms flows back to the country of origin so that even if China\'s consumers spend a great deal in China, a large percentage of those profits will not accrue to anyone in China but to foreigners instead.For instance, Nike may hire Chinese workers to produce its shoes, have stores in China to sell its products, and only Chinese people buy from those stores.In eence, 90 percent of the economic activity happens in China and gets recorded in China\'s GDP.However, the majority of the profits of Nike goes back to the owners in the United States even if none of the economic activity happens in the United States.The national wealth measure is distorted because it would seem that China is getting richer and the United States is getting poorer when the exact opposite is true.
Secondly, GDP does not show distribution of income.A company that creates a lot of income from production does not show how that income is being distributed.We know that the majority of profits accrue to very few individuals and that the income inequality is wide in China.A focus on GDP can make matters worse since it can encourage more production by certain wealthy individuals who do not share their profits generously with their employees which will hinder healthy economic development.
Another problem with GDP as a measure for economic progre is that it only captures financial transactions.When a parent takes his kid to watch a movie in a movie theater, that activity is captured in GDP.But when a parent takes the same kid to play soccer in a park, that activity is not captured in GDP.However, one can argue that going to the park to play soccer creates a better quality of life than going to the movies.The reasons are manifold: The parent can interact with the kid more directly; the kid gets more exercise; the parent and kid get fresh air; the parent and kid
can make more friends playing soccer, etc.Thus, if the focus becomes overwhelmingly on GDP growth, policy makers would have more incentives to create more movie theaters than public parks and the quality of life for that society can go down as a result.
Of course, policy makers need to create the conditions for job growth and wealth accumulation in order for a society to raise its standard of living, and GDP growth can serve as a rough measuring stick.After all, what good is a public park if people are too poor to feed their kids? Movie theaters employ more people.This argument is certainly attractive except that the argument creates a false dichotomy.Policy makers don\'t have a choice simply between parks and movie theaters.There are actually infinite combinations of how policy makers can help foster more jobs and also improve the quality of life even if the GDP is not growing as fast.For example, a city can build a park in which it hires people to keep the park clean.It can also have conceion stands so that people can buy snacks at the park.It can have a stage where different groups perform in the park and charge admiion.It can have a beautiful garden that attracts many tourists who will be willing to pay admiion to see it.The park can raise the rents and prices of surrounding office buildings and homes.All these benefits will come and raise the quality of life for the residents in the area, but the GDP will be sacrificed in the short run because these revenue streams and job growth will happen over a longer period of time than the building of a large movie theater.
The worst part about focusing on GDP is that it can actually create the conditions for a worse quality of life.The pollution that causes cancers, food poisoning, or birth defects actually adds to GDP growth because whenever people seek medical help and incur medical bills to pay for all these ailments, GDP grows.On the other hand, GDP doesn\'t grow if people remain healthy and don\'t seek medical help.Obviously, it is much better to have a healthier, cleaner society, but that can be at odds with creating higher GDP growth.
In summary, GDP can be used as a guidepost, but it should be considered alongside other factors and indicators that are important to developing a strong and desirable nation.Other measurements that should be allotted more room include the gro national product that allocates production based on ownership as opposed to location, the happine index which measures satisfaction with life, median income rather than average income, air quality index, pollution index, and life expectancy.Furthermore, with the rise of big data, it is now poible to come up with algorithms that can further capture other nuances aociated with a healthy economy.GDP has been relied upon because it is fast and easy to gather that data and make simple comparisons acro countries.But because of its many shortcomings, policy makers would achieve their development goals faster if they used other metrics to measure their progre.
第三篇（汉英）孔子学院的建立 (待更新)
目前已覆盖五大洲的120个国家和地区，孔子学院440所，孔子课堂646个，总数超过1000个。孔子学院从无到有，从小到大，办学规模不断扩大，办学质量日益提高，为满足各国民众学习汉语的需要，增进中外人民之间的了解和友谊作出了重要贡献。
中美两国人民了解和学习对方的语言文化，有助于增进中美两国人民相互了解和友谊，推动中美关系发展。希望中美双方有关机构密切合作，切实办好贵校的孔子学院，为推动中美教育文化交流、促进中美关系发展作出积极贡献。
第四篇（汉英）信息与网络安全(原题来自新华网) http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-10/21/c_122181867.htm
信息和网络空间安全是当前国际社会面临的重大非传统安全挑战，如何应对已成为国际安全的重要内容和多边军控外交的重大课题。他呼吁国际社会携手构建和平、安全、公正的信息和网络空间。信息网络技术的飞速发展和广泛应用，极大推动了当代经济社会发展和人类文明进步，并正深刻改变着人们的生活和社会运行方式。信息和网络系统已成为国家的重要关键基础设施。
信息网络互联互通的特性及信息和网络空间潜在的多元风险和威胁来源，使各国在享受信息网络便利的同时，增加了安全上的脆弱性。他指出，近年来，中国除了自身信息和网络系统的脆弱性外，遭受来自境外的各种网络攻击日益突出，给中国带来巨大损失。在此方面，中国已成为世界上的主要受害国之一。他说：“我们深深地体会到，信息网络彼此相联，使得各国更加成为安危与共、谁也离不开谁的‘命运共同体’。维护信息和网络空间安全不仅是维护一国的安全，而是维护国际社会的共同安全。
国际社会以“命运共同体”的新视角，同舟共济，共同致力于构建一个和平、安全、公的信息和网络空间，并遵循和平、主权、统筹协调信息自由流动与安全流动、合作及公平发展等五大原则。
国际社会应积极开展预防性外交，推动信息网络技术用于促进社会经济发展和人类福祉，维护国际和平、稳定与安全。他呼吁各国承诺不利用信息网络技术实施敌对行动，制造对国际和平和安全的威胁；不扩散信息和网络武器及相关技术。他说，各国有权利和责任根据其相关法律法规保护其信息和网络空间及关键信息基础设施，使之免遭威胁、干扰、攻击和破坏，并应努力避免信息和网络空间成为新战场，防止信息和网络空间军备竞赛；通过对话方式和平解决有关争端。
主权国家是有效实施国际信息和网络空间治理的主体。各国应在信息和网络空间采取负责任和建设性的行动，加强有效管理，多管齐下，努力建立起完善法律规范、行业自律、安全保障和社会教育等方面相结合的综合管理体系，还应避免信息网络成为干涉别国内政的新工具。
各国应充分尊重各利益攸关方在信息和网络空间的权利和自由，同时遵循法治的原则，以有效维护信息和网络空间的秩序。他还说，信息和网络空间需要各国同舟共济，通过进一步加强国际交流与合作共同应对。他呼吁发达国家帮助广大发展中国家提高信息网络能力和技术，弥合数字鸿沟，真正实现公平和普遍发展。
