I.Translation Section A: Please translate the following words or phrases into English
1、一次能源：Primary energy
2、放射性的：Radioactive
3、复合物：Compound
4、淀粉：Starch
5、光伏的：Photovoltaic
6、负荷中心：Load center
7、比能： Specific energy
8、金属氧化物：Metal hydride
9、应急储备 Contingency reserves
10、无功功率：Reactive power
11、涡轮机：Turbo-machine
12、电流密度：Current density
13、城市的：Municipal
14、静电的：Electrostatic
15、多相反应：Multiphase reaction
16、生成反应：Formation reaction
17、相对电导率：relative conductivity
18、热力学：thermodynamics
19、相图：Phase diagram 20、移动电话：cellular telephone
21、净电荷：net charge
22、外电流：external current
23、晶核材料：Host material
24、盐丘：Salt domes
25、资金成本：Capital cost
26、骤然下降：Plummet
27、发电组合：Generation mix
28、扭矩：Torque
29、能量密度：energy density 30、兆瓦：Megawatt Section B: Please translate the following words or phrases into Chinese
31、Transesterification 酯交换反应
32、Valley filling低谷填充
33、Coulometric titration 库伦滴定法
34、Noncombustible不燃烧的
35、Synchronously同步地
36、Market penetration市场渗透
37、Schematically按照图示
38、Interstitial site间隙位置
39、maximum theoretical specific energy最大理论比能量
40、be analogous to类似于……
41、polarization极化
42、Energy Independence and Security Act能源独立和安全法案
43、Macroscopic scale宏观规模
44、Rotor angle instability工角失稳
45、Ubiquitous 无所不在的，普遍的
46、Dynamic load动态负荷
47、overriding最重要的
48、ionic current离子电流
49、impedance阻抗
50、specific power功率系数
51、Displacement reaction置换反应
52、charge capacity蓄电量
53、Contingency reserves应急储备
54、anodic polarization阳极极化
55、proton exchange membrane质子交换膜
56、the factorial of n N的阶乘
57、the base of natural logarithm自然对数的底
58、atomic orbital原子轨道
59、body-centred cubic体心立方
60、potential difference电位差
II.Sentence Translation
1、They can be used for a very wide range of applications, from aisting the very large-scale electrical grid down to tiny portable devices used for many purposes.他们可以被使用于非常广泛的应用,从协助非常大规模的电网到微型便携设备用于许多目的。
2、When considering the use of electrochemical energy storage systems in various applications, it is important to be aware of the properties that might be relevant, for they are not always the same in every case.
当考虑使用电化学储能系统在各种应用程序中,重要的是要注意的属性可能是相关的,因为他们并不总是相同的在每一个案例。
3、A rule of thumb that was used for a number of the conventional aqueous electrolyte battery systems was that a practical cell could only produce about 1/5–1/4 of the maximum theoretical specific energy (MTSE).
经验法则是用于许多传统的水电解质电池系统是一个实际的细胞只能产生大约1/5-1/4的最大理论具体能源(MTSE)。
4、Electrochemical energy production is under serious consideration as an alternative energy/power source, as long as this energy consumption is designed to be more sustainable and more environmentally friendly.电化学能源生产正在认真考虑作为替代能源/电源,只要这种能耗设计更可持续、更环保。
5、Batteries are divided into two general claes: primary batteries that are discharged once and discarded; secondary, rechargeable batteries that can be discharged and then restored to their original condition by reversing the current flow through the cell.
电池分为两个一般类:一次电池放电一次,丢弃;二次可充电电池,可以放电,然后恢复到原来的状态由逆向电流通过电池。
6、这将是本文所示,一个可以理解的主要现象和问题在电化学系统中没有详细考虑他们真正的电化学特性。
It will be shown in this text that one can understand the major phenomena and iues in electrochemical systems without considering their truly electrochemical features in detail.
7、这些特定的值不应作为决定性的,因为他们依赖于大量的操作因素和不同的设计,不同的制造商。
These particular values should not be taken as definitive, for they depend upon a number of operating factors and vary with the designs of different manufacturers.
8、除了他们的能量容量,另一个与电池的实际使用相关的参数是它们能供应的能量的数量。
In addition to their energy capacity, another important parameter relating to the practical use of batteries is the amount of power that they can supply.
9、虽然能量储存和转换机制是不同的,但有这三个系统的“电化学相似之处”。
Although the energy storage and conversion mechanisms are different, there are “electrochemical similarities” of these three systems.
10、这是一个物质，它的吸收太阳辐射较低,,因此,需要一层厚厚的硅高效吸收。
It is a material with relatively low absorption of solar radiation, and, therefore, a thick layer of silicon is required for efficient absorption.
III.Reading Comprehension Development of PV world markets in MWpeak (MWpeak is defined as power under
full sun, approximately 1 kW/m2)
There are two major market sectors, grid-connected and so-called standalone systems.The former delivers power directly to the grid.For this purpose the dc current from the solar modules is converted into ac by an inverter.The latter supplies power to decentralized systems and small-scale consumer products.A major market currently being developed is in solar home systems, supplying basic electricity demand of rural population in developing countries.The magnitude of this task can be appreciated if one is aware that about 2 billion persons are without acce to electricity today.At present, both markets need subsidies, the grid-connected installations because PV is much more costly than grid electricity, and solar home systems because the potential users lack the investment capital.On the other hand, there is also a significant industrial stand-alone market that today is fully economical.Because of its high potential, the market is hotly contested and new companies are entering constantly.It is significant that several large oil companies have now established firm footholds in photovoltaics.Indeed, a recent study of poible future energy scenarios up to the year 2060 published by the Shell company predicts a multigigawatt energy production by renewable energies, including photovoltaics.On the other hand, the strong competition leads to very low profit margins of most participants of this market.Starting in 2000, the market showed an accelerated growth of more than 30%.There are good chances that this growth will continue for at least some years because some countries have adopted aggreive measures to stimulate the grid-connected market, as mentioned above.In order to meet the growing demand, many PV companies are in the proce of setting up substantial new cell and module production capacities.
1、What is the solar home systems’ purpose and the magnitude of it? supplying basic electricity demand of rural population in developing countries.The magnitude of this task can be appreciated if one is aware that about 2 billion persons are without acce to electricity today.
2、What are two major market sector? And introduce them simply.There are two major market sectors, grid-connected and so-called standalone systems.The former delivers power directly to the grid.For this purpose the dc current from the solar modules is converted into ac by an inverter.The latter supplies power to decentralized systems and small-scale consumer products.
3、Why we can say the market has good prospects?
Starting in 2000, the market showed an accelerated growth of more than 30% and some countries have adopted aggreive measures to stimulate the grid-connected market, as mentioned above.
