高考英语考点典型陷阱题分析-定语从句与强调句
典型高考英语陷阱题详解-定语从句
1.The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是 high mountains,around which 是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目(答案均为C): (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are (3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are
2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A.that B.which C.where D.what 【陷阱】容易误选 B,认为 around 是介词,选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital,在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是:句中的 around 不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤?
3.David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.A.that B.who C.as D.whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A,许多同学一看到题干中的such,再联系到选项中的 that,便认为这是考查such „ that „句式。况且,这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C,不是A,因为在such „ that „ (如此„„以至„„)结构中,that 引导的是结果状语从句,并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入 such „ that „,句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下:as 用作关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词 boy,同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语,句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问,假若选A,能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能,因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时,其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导,而不用that。比较下面一题,答案为A,因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him: David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.A.that B.who C.as D.whom 请再做以下试题(答案选D):
It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.A.like B.that C.which D.as
4.The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that B.it C.them D.which 【陷阱】容易误选 C,用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句,修饰 the buses。类似地,以下各题也选D:
(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A.that B.it C.them D.which (2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A.that B.it C.them D.which (3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.A.that B.it C.them D.which 类似地,以下各题选 whom,不选 them:
(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that B.him C.them D.whom (5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that B.who C.them D.whom (6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students.A.that B.who C.them D.whom
5.He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.A.whom B.them C.which D.who 【陷阱】容易误选 A,认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词。当然,假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A。比较:
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that 答案选B,none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构,其中的 carried out 为过去分词。
(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that 答案选A,none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句,注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。
(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that 答案选B,由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but,使得该句成了一个并列句。
6.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 【陷阱】容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似,their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为 seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。比较以下相似题:
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。
(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 选A。因为句中有并列连词and,整个句子为并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。 (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。
7.If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.A.as B.which C.what D.that 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,误这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】正确答案为D,注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句,逗号后是该状语从句的主句,that 在此代表前文所述的情况,用作主句的主语。类似地,下面几道题也选 that,而不选 which: (1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.A.as B.which C.and it D.that (2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another £15.A.as B.which C.what D.that (3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me.A.that B.which C.and it D.so (4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.A.as B.which C.what D.that 典型高考英语陷阱题详解-强调句
1.“How was _________ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A.it that B.he that C.it when D.he which 【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。
【分析】答案选A,为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,其相应的陈述句形式为: It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.比较以下各题,它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式: (1) Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl? A.since
B.as
C.that D.he 答案选C,被强调成分为 who,该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl.这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom 提问而得)。 (2) What is it _________ his daughter needs most? A.what
B.which
C.that D.if 答案选C,被强调成分为 what,该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most.这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的a bike 提问而得)。
2.“Where did you find the profeor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting.”
A.where B.which C.that D.when 【陷阱】很可能误选C,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语 in the hall。
【分析】假若选C,即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting,该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”,单独看这一句,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错,但若将其与上文联系起来看,则不通,因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the profeor,则完全可以。
其实,此题的最佳答案是A,where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句,用以修饰其前的名词 the hall,句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”,这样语意就通顺了。
3.It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me.A.which B.as C.what D.that 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题为一个强调句型,空格处应填 that (即选D),被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话,而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例:
(1) It was his nervousne in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.A.which
B.since
C.that D.what 答案选C,为强调句型,被强调成分为 his nervousne in the interview,句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张,使他失去了这份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one
B.that
C.what D.it 答案选B,为强调句型,被强调成分为 the ability to do the job,句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力,而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。
4.It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.A.which, that B.that, which C.which, which D.that, where 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,主要是分不清为强调句型,或即使分清为强调句型,也分不清强调哪一个成分。
【分析】答案选A,第一空填 which,用以引导定语从句;第二空填that,为强调句的结构词,被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子: (1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.A.who, where B.that, how C.who, that D.that, which 此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。
(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.A.where, which B.that, that C.where, that D.which, that 此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是 in this room,where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。
5.“Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure.But when I got back there, the bike was gone.A.that B.where C.which D.while 【陷阱】此题很容易误选A,认为这是强调句型。
【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中,it 是代词,指代 the bike,句意为:“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候,你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然,但当我回来时,自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下,假若选A,将此句判为强调句,句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句,句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend,句意显然很荒唐。
6.It’s more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.A.when B.that C.since D.while 【陷阱】容易误选B,认为这是强调句型。
【分析】假若选B,将此句分析为强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century.很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间,然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined„became 却是两个终止性动词,这显然不合适。其实,此题应选C,属于“It is+一段时间+since 从句”句型,句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been),但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
7.It was lack of money, not of effort, _________ defeated their plan.A.which B.as C.that D.what 【陷阱】容易误选A,受空格前逗号的影响,误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句,从而误选了A。
【分析】其实,此题最佳答案为C,整个句子为强调句,被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构,干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。