重要词汇再现（模块7-8）
Module 7 Unit 1 1.drawback n.缺点，缺陷，不利条件；退税
He felt the apartment\'s only drawback was that it was too small.他感觉这个公寓惟一的缺点就是太小。
It\'s a great city - the only drawback is the weather.drawback of/to (doing) sth
The main drawback to these products is that they tend to be too salty.2.distribute
vt.分配；散布；分发；分销；把…分类
Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets. 学生们高呼口号，散发传单。 We didn\'t understand how difficult it was to distribute a national paper.我们不明白配销一份全国性的报纸有多么困难。
This species of dolphin is widely distributed throughout the world.
3.casual adj.随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的; 非正式的，漫不经心，不经意的 It\'s difficult for me to be casual about anything.要我轻松待事有难度。 \"No need to hurry,\" Ben said casually.“不必匆忙，”本轻松地说道。
I also bought some casual clothes for the weekend.我还买了些休闲服准备周末穿。 We are the casual acquaintance of a long railway journey.我们是在火车长途旅行中偶然结识的朋友
4.reject vt.拒绝；排斥；抵制；不予考虑，丢弃
One of my most able students was rejected by another university.我的一个最有能力的学生被另外一所大学拒绝了。 Be prepared for lots of rejections before you land a job.在你找到一份工作之前要做好多次被拒绝的准备。 I reject these choices.我拒绝这些选择。
If you do not want to do that, reject them completely.如果您并不想这样做，就完全地拒绝它。 5.oppose vt.反对；对抗，抗争
be opposed to 反对
in opposition to反对；与…相反
We oppose interference by any outside force.我们反对任何外来势力插手干预。 He is opposed by two other candidates.Strong opposition resulted in rejection of the bill.Workers found themselves in opposition to local interests.The proposals have aroused the opposition of teachers.6.valid adj.有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的 They put forward many valid reasons for not exporting.他们提出了许多有根据的理由来反对出口。
All tickets are valid for two months. 所有的票在两个月内有效。
7.sacrifice n.牺牲；祭品；供奉
vt.牺牲；献祭；亏本出售
vi.献祭；奉献 The priest sacrificed a chicken.牧师献祭了一只鸡。 She made many sacrifices to get Anita a good education.为了让安尼塔受到良好教育，她做出了很多牺牲。
The maker of the product aured that there had been no sacrifice of quality.
Module 7 Unit 2 1.counter n.柜台；对立面；计数器
vt.反击，还击；对着干；反驳 under the counter 秘密地；暗地里，非法的
She looked through the items on the counter.她迅速地浏览了一遍柜台上的货品。
The leadership discued a plan of economic measures to counter the effects of such a blockade.领导层讨论了一项经济措施计划来抵消如此封锁的影响。 They are called “over-the-counter.\" 我们称它们为非处方药。 There are steps you can take to counter the effects of stre.The road blocks were a counter to terrorist attacks in that area.2.circulate vi.传播，流传；循环；流通 vt.使循环；使流通；使传播
Rumours were already beginning to circulate that the project might have to be abandoned.有关这个项目可能被迫放弃的流言已经开始在四处传播。
The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations.这份文件过去曾在纽约的联合国总部传阅过。 3.application n.应用；申请；应用程序；敷用
Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the claroom.学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。
Did you send up my application? 我的申请你给交上去了吗? You have to submit your application before the end of the month.The research has many practical applications .
It took three applications of paint to cover the graffiti.
4.complex adj.复杂的；合成的 n.复合物, 综合体; 综合设施; 集团; 情结 a sports complex 综合体育场
suffer from a guilt complex 蒙受负罪感之苦
...a complex system of voting.一套复杂的选举体制。
The town has one of the best leisure complexes in the country.China was a complex of different societies
模块7单元3 1.command vi.命令，指挥；控制
vt.命令，指挥；控制；远望
n.指挥，控制；命令；司令部
He commanded his troops to attack.
他命令他的部队进攻。
The tanker failed to respond to a command to stop.油轮未能对停止前进的指令做出反应。 I closed my eyes at his command. 我听从他的命令闭上了眼睛。
Mr.Baker would take command of the campaign.贝克先生将负责这次运动。 His command of English was excellent.他的英语相当出色。
2.addre
vt.演说；从事；忙于；写姓名地址；向…致辞；与…说话；提出；
n.地址；演讲；致辞；称呼 addre yourself to sth
Marlowe now addreed himself to the task of searching the room.addre a problem/question/iue etc
Our products addre the needs of real users.addre sth to sb
That letter was addreed to me.
He wrote down my addre, so that he might remember it.他写下了我的地址，以便能够记住它。
He had scheduled an addre to the American people for the evening of May 27.他已经安排在5月27日晚向美国人民作一个演讲。
He is due to addre a conference on human rights next week.他下周要在一个人权会议上发言。
3.reference n.参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信；证明书 for reference以供参考；备案
with reference to关于（等于in reference to） reference value参考值；标准值；参照值
He made no reference to any agreement. 他没有提到任何协议。
Please keep this sheet in a safe place for reference. 请把这张纸放在稳妥的地方以备查阅。 The firm offered to give her a reference. 公司提出给她开一封推荐信。 The official at the American embay asked me for two references.美国大使馆的官员要我提供两名证明人。
4.withdraw vt.撤退；收回；撤消；拉开 vi.撤退；离开 withdraw fromv.退出；离开 withdraw money取钱
withdraw cash取现；取钱
After a fierce battle,the enemy was forced to withdraw.经过一场激烈的战斗,敌人被迫撤退了。
The leader promised to support the plan; you can\'t withdraw now. 领导已答应支持这项计划，你们不能收回承诺。 Ralph has withdrawn from the other kids.
Many depreed people just withdraw into themselves.5.relevant adj.相关的；切题的；中肯的；有重大关系的；有意义的，目的明确的 relevant information相关信息 relevant data有关数据
relevant experience相关工作经验
Is religion still relevant to most people\'s lives? 宗教和大多数人的生活还有关系吗？
Her novel is still relevant today. 她的小说今天仍有现实意义。
I don’t see the relevance of your question. 我不懂你这个问题有什么意义。
6.bother vt.烦扰，打扰；使……不安；使……恼怒 vi.操心，麻烦；烦恼 n.麻烦；烦恼 don\'t bother不用麻烦了；不打扰了 bother about 烦恼
bother with为…而费心，为…操心；用…打扰
Lots of people don\'t bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.很多人如今不费心举办婚礼了。
Nothing I do makes any difference anyway, so why bother? 不管我做什么都没有区别，那为什么还要费心去做呢？ The courts take too long and going to the police is a bother.庭审太费时间，去警察局是件麻烦事。
It bothered me that boys weren\'t interested in me.让我烦恼的是，男孩们对我不感兴趣。
\'Thanks for your help.\' \' It was no bother (=used to emphasize that you were happy to help someone) at all.\'
模块7单元4 1．convey vt.传达；运输；表达；让与
Please convey my gratitude to her.请向她转达我的谢意。
I can\'t convey my feelings in words.我无法用言语表达我的心情。
What personality do we want it to convey? 我们希望它传达什么样的个性呢？ He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was. Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi.2.undertake vt.承担，保证；从事；同意；试图 undertake a task/a project/research/a study etc undertake to do sth
She undertook the task of monitoring the elections.她承担了监督选举的任务。 He undertook to edit the text himself.他承诺亲自编辑正文。
Who will undertake responsibility for this work? 谁将承担这项工作的责任? If you undertake the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。
3.aggreive adj.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的 aggreive behavior攻击行为；侵犯行为 aggreive action侵蚀作用；腐蚀性 aggreive attitude侵犯态度
Some children are much more aggreive than others.一些孩子比其他孩子好斗得多。
He is respected as a very aggreive and competitive executive.他被尊认为一位十分好强好胜的主管。
They\'ll react aggreively.他们会凶猛地作出反应。
A succeful busineman has to be aggreive.4.arise vi.出现；出现；上升；起立 arise from由…引起，起因于 arise out of起于……
However, the differences arise in how to achieve that objective.不过，在如何达到这些目标的问题上出现了分歧。
Accidents can arise from carelene.疏忽能引起事故。
5.crash n.相撞; 撞击声, 爆裂声; 坠毁
v. 碰撞, 坠落, 倒下; 冲, 闯; 坠毁, 撞坏; 发出撞击声
car crash车祸；汽车碰撞 air crash飞机失事
stock market crash股市崩盘；股市行情暴跌
He narrowly escaped in the air crash.他险些在飞机失事中遇难。
The computer crashed for the second time in 10 days.计算机10天内第2次死机了。 He predicted correctly that there was going to be a stock market crash.他正确地预测到将出现股市崩溃。
The plane crashed mysteriously near the island.飞机在那个岛附近神秘地坠毁了。 Two people recalled hearing a loud crash about 1:30 a.m.两人回忆说大约凌晨1：30时听到一声巨响。
模块8单元1 4
1.characteristic adj.典型的；特有的；表示特性的n.特征；特性；特色 characteristic of 特有的；表示…特性的 dynamic characteristic 动态特性
Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.基因决定每个生物的特征。 Some animals poe the characteristic of man.有些动物具有人类的特征。
This characteristic marks her off from her sister.这个特征使她与姐姐有所区别。 2.tension n.张力；对立；紧张（气氛），烦躁；电压vt.使紧张；使拉紧 surface tension表面张力 tension control 张力控制
Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve tension and stre.微笑和大笑确实已证明能缓解紧张和压力。
The tension between the two countries is likely to remain.两国之间的紧张局面可能持续。 The film explored the tension between public duty and personal affections.该片探讨了公共义务和个人情感之间的冲突。
The tension eased off slowly.紧张局势逐渐缓和了。 The tension in that story builds up toward a climax.那个故事的紧张状态逐步发展到了高潮。 3.bent n.爱好，嗜好adj.弯曲的；决心的
The trees were all bent and twisted from the wind.那些树全都被风吹得东倒西歪的。 He\'s bent on suicide.他一心想自杀。
His bent for natural history directed him towards his first job.他在自然历史上的天赋帮他找到了他的第一份工作。 The trees bent before the wind.树木随风弯曲。 4.violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 violent crime暴力犯罪，暴力罪行 violent death暴力死亡；横死 violent storm暴风；十一级风
Some opposition activists have been violently attacked.一些反对派激进分子遭到了暴力袭击。 Violent opposition to the plan continues.对该计划的强烈反对在持续。 He had violent stomach pains.他有过剧烈的胃痛。 He was violently scolded.他受到了严厉叱责。
They launched out into a violent debate over proposal.他们就一项提案开始了一场激烈的辩论。
The medicine produced a violent reaction.这药物引起剧烈的反应。
模块8单元2 1.cast vt.投，抛；选派角色；浇铸；投射（光、影、视线等）
n.投掷，抛；铸件，演员阵容；脱落物
vi.投，抛垂钓鱼钩；
The show is very amusing and the cast is very good.表演非常有趣，演员都很优秀。 He was cast as a college profeor.他被选扮演大学教授这个角色。 I cast my eyes down briefly.我往下瞅了瞅。
The moon cast a bright light over the garden.月亮在院子里撒下清辉。 Last night a top criminal psychologist cast doubt on the theory.昨晚，一位顶级的犯罪心理学家让人对该理论生疑。
Cast your care aside.抛开你的忧虑吧。
His presence cast a shadow on the meeting.他的出席给会议投下了一个阴影。 The current developments cast a shadow over the future of the talk.目前的形势给谈判的前途投下了阴影。
2.awesome adj.令人敬畏的；使人畏惧的；可怕的；极好的
It’s like a gun you can pet, it’s the only way to describe it, it’s awesome.它就像把被你爱抚的枪——这是唯一可以用来形容它的比喻。的确很可怕。 Their last concert was really awesome.3.decline
n.下降；衰退；斜面vi.下降；衰落；谢绝vt.谢绝；婉拒 The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.员工人数已从217000人减少到114000人。
He declined their invitation.他谢绝了他们的邀请。 He offered the boys some coffee.They declined politely.他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。
Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.感谢的是吸烟正在减少。
Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline.图书馆是对未来的一种投资，不应该让图书馆衰落。
The minister declined to comment about the progre of the peace talks.4.discrimination n.歧视；区别，辨别；识别力 racial discrimination 种族歧视
sex discrimination 性别歧视；雌雄鉴别
widespread discrimination against older people in the job market to learn discrimination between right and wrong.
They cooked without skill and ate without discrimination.他们做饭没厨艺，吃饭没品味。 He showed great discrimination in his choice of friends.他在择友方面颇具慧眼。 5.collection n.作品集；收藏品；一批（人或物品）; 取走；募捐 a collection of 一批，一些；收藏的；许多的； data collection 数据收集；资料收集 collection system 收集系统
a collection of stories by women writers 女作家小说集 He has a fine collection of stamps.他收集了一些精美的邮票。
I asked my principal if he could arrange a collection for a refugee charity.我问我的校长能否为难民组织一次慈善募捐。
There was a collection of books and shoes on the floor.地板上有成堆的书和鞋。 Your suit will be ready for collection on Tuesday.你的西服可在星期二领取。
模块8单元3 1.abstract n.摘要；抽象；抽象的概念 adj.抽象的；深奥的
vt.摘要；提取；使……抽象化
in the abstract 抽象地；理论上；概括地
Don\'t speak in such abstract terms.不要这样抽象地谈问题。 They can abstract precious medicines from ordinary substances.他们能从普通物质中提取贵重药物。
But for those of us living in China there’s nothing abstract about it.
但对于我们这些生活在中国的人来说，它表现得一点也不抽象。
It might also be neceary to supply an abstract of the review of the literature as well.可能也有必要提供这篇文学评论的摘要。
2.calculate
vi.计算；以为；作打算 vt.计算；预测；认为；打算 calculate on指望；期待
be calculated for适合于……；为适合…而设计的
I believe I am capable of calculating the political consequences accurately.我认为自己能够正确地预测出各种政治后果。
From this you can calculate the total ma in the Galaxy.据此，你可以计算出银河系的总质量。
Researchers calculated that this group was at a higher risk of heart disease.It\'s difficult to calculate what effect all these changes will have on the company.
3.reward n. 报酬；报答；酬谢
vt.奖励；奖赏 reward sb.for sth因…的酬谢；作为…的回报 as a reward for作为…的报酬；作为…的回报 reward system奖赏系统；奖励系统
He made promises of a large reward.他许下要给大报酬的诺言。
How can I reward you for your kindne? 我怎样才能报答你的好意呢? They reinforced good behaviour with some kindof reward to direct a child\'s pattern of behaviour.他们以某种奖赏鼓励好的行为来指导孩子的行为模式。
The team have worked hard and their efforts have been rewarded with succe.4.accommodation n.住处，膳宿；调节；和解；
The government will provide temporary accommodation for up to three thousand homele people.政府将为多达三千无家可归的人提供临时住所。 Have you found accommodation? 找到住处没有? The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation.We reached an accommodation between both parties.我们双方达成和解。 5.wrinkle n.皱纹
vi.起皱
vt.使起皱纹
His face was covered with wrinkles.他的脸布满了皱纹。
The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle.她脸颊上和眼睛周围的皮肤开始起皱纹了。
Her stockings wrinkled at the ankles.她的长袜在脚踝处起皱褶了。
His suit was wrinkled and he looked very tired.他的外套皱皱巴巴的，他看上去非常疲惫。 Donna wrinkled her nose at her daughter.多娜对她的女儿皱起鼻子。
模块8单元4 1.criterion
标准；准则；规范；准据
evaluation criterion评估标准
design criterion设计标准；设计准则；设计规范
Practice is the sole criterion of truth.实践是检验真理的惟一标准。
Only social practice can be the criterion of truth.真理的标准只能是社会的实践。 2.restriction n.限制；约束；束缚
place a restriction on sth 对某事实行限制
lift restrictions on pre freedom 撤消对新闻自由的限制 4.expose vt.揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示; 使接触，使体验
The corrupt official bought off those who might expose him.那名接受贿赂的官员收买了那些可能会揭发他的人。
A wise mother never exposes her children to the slightest poibility of danger.一个明智的母亲从不会置其孩子于丝毫可能的危险中。 5.accumulate vi.累积；积聚vt.积攒 accumulate a fortune
It is unjust that a privileged few should continue to accumulate wealth.Debts began to accumulate.
6.fantasy n.想象，幻想；想象的产物
.fantasies of romance and true love.对浪漫和真爱的幻想。 The film is more of an ironic fantasy than a horror story.这部电影比较像是讽刺的幻想故事，而不是恐怖片。 But in fairy tale, fantasy takes the first place.而在童话中，幻想却占据最重要的位置。
Young children sometimes can\'t distinguish between fantasy and reality.He lived in a fantasy world of his own, even as a small boy.
7．fantastic adj.奇异的；空想的；异想天开的；古怪的；极好 的，极出色的；不可思议的；不切实际的
n.古怪的人
fantastic amounts of money.几笔巨款。 You look fantastic!
It\'s a fantastic place, really beautiful!
—\'I\'ve paed my driving test.\' ‘—Fantastic!\' That\'s fantastic news!
Kids spend fantastic amounts of money on CDs.
I have a fantastic social life.我有着极好的社交生活。
