目 录
1.家庭暴力 2.留守儿童 3.毕业后就结婚 4.青奥会 5.毛笔 6.睡眠 7.乒乓 8.中国式送礼 9.平遥古城 10.剩女 11.中餐 12.控制情绪 13.三手烟 14.七夕 15.吃火锅 16.赠送礼物 17.下午茶 18.功夫茶 19.筷子历史 20.八大菜系 21.京剧 22.风水 23.十二生肖 24.李白 25.胡同 26.丝绸之路 27.中国假期 28.中国扇子 29.洛阳 30.中国经济 1.【翻译原文】
家庭暴力(domestic violence)指的是在亲密关系(intimate relationship)中一方对另一方的虐待。通常来说，受害者是儿童和妇女。在中国古代，人们认为男人有权利惩罚他的孩子和妻子。广义上讲，家庭暴力不局限于明显的身体暴力，它也有许多其他的形式。关于家庭暴力产生的原因，出现了许多不同的理论，比如犯罪者的性格和心理特征。外部因素也有影响，比如犯罪者所处的环境。然而，没有一种理论能涵盖所有情况。
参考译文：
Domestic violence refers to the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship.Commonly the victims are children and women.In ancient China, people believe that a man has the right to punish his children and wife.In a broad sense, domestic violence is not limited to obvious physical violence.There are many other forms of violence.Many different theories are brought up as to the causes of domestic violence, such as the perpetrators\' personality and mental characteristics.External factors also play a part, such as the perpetrators\' surroundings.However, no theory seems to cover all cases.
2.【翻译原文】
大多数时候，留守儿童(leftover children)的问题很大程度上源于缺乏父母的情感关怀。通常，孩子由祖父母或父母的朋友、亲戚照顾。在大多数情况下，他们的监护人(guardian)没有受过很好的教育。对他们来说，确保孩子健康、吃得好是极重要的任务。只要孩子平安无事，他们就被认为做得很好了。监护人很少关心孩子的学习、心理需求或精神需求。他们也不花时间教孩子如何养成良好的习惯。
【参考译文】
Most of the time, problems of the leftover children largely arise from a lack of emotional care from their parents.Usually, the children\'s grandparents or their parent\'s friends or relatives look after these children.In most cases, their guardians are not well educated.To them，making sure that the children are healthy and fed well is the most important task.As long as the children are safe and sound，they are considered to have done a good job.Guardians seldom care about children\'s study，psychological needs, or mental demands.Neither do they spend some time to teach kids how to develop good habits.
3.【翻译原文】
越来越多来自北京、上海、广州、沈阳和其他一些大城市的大学生选择毕业后就结婚。这与20世纪80年代和90年代的情况形成了鲜明的对比，那时候很多城市的年轻人都推迟结婚，直到他们的年龄“足够大”—在30多岁甚至40多岁的时候。许多人花时间寻找有着良好的经济背景或好看的相貌的配偶，而不是寻找爱情。然而，这些选择毕业后就结婚的学生的父母必须照顾这些小夫妻的日常起居，因为这些年轻人仍然在探索如何作为一家人来生活。
【参考译文】
University students in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang and some other big cities are increasingly choosing to get married right after graduating.This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the 1980s and 1990swhen many urban youngsters put off marriage until they were “old enough”一in their 30s or even 40s.Many spent their time looking for spouses with good economic backgrounds or attractive faces, instead of looking for love.However, parents of these students choosing to get married right after graduating have to take care of the couples\' daily affairs, as the young people are still figuring out how to live as a family.
4.【翻译原文】
青年奥林匹克运动会是专为全世界青年人设立的综合体育赛事。第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会于2014年8月16日至28日在南京举行。本届青奥会的口号是“分享青春 共筑未来”;寓意全世界青年人在奥林匹克精神感召下，欢聚一堂，相互切磋，相互鼓励，增进友谊，共同成长。吉祥物创意来自雨花石，意为提倡自然、运动、健康、快乐的生活方式;会徽将南京明城墙城门和江南民居轮廓组合在一起，勾勒出“NANJING”字样，寓意青春之门。
【参考译文】
Youth Olympic Games, a comprehensive sports event, is designed for young people all over the world.The second summer youth Olympic Games was held from August 16, 2014 to 28 in Nanjing.Its slogan is \"Share the youth, Build the future”, which means the young people around the world in the Olympic spirit, get together and play each other, encourage each other, enhance friendship and grow up together.Its Mascot comes from rain flower stones, advocating a lifestyle of natural, sports, healthy and happy; Its emblem will outline NANJING Ming city wall gate and folk houses together, with the idea of the gate of youth.
5.【翻译原文】
毛笔，是一种源于中国的传统书写工具，也逐渐成为传统绘画工具。毛笔是汉族人民在生产实践中发明的。随着人类社会的不断发展，勤劳智慧的汉民族又不断地总结经验，存其精华，弃其糟粕，勇于探索，敢于创新。几千年以来，它为创造汉族民族光辉灿烂的文化，为促进汉民族与世界各族的文化交流，做出了卓越的贡献。毛笔是汉民族对世界艺术宝库提供的一件珍宝。
【参考译文】
Writing brush, a traditional writing tool originated from China, has also gradually become a traditional painting tool.Writing brush was invented by the Han people during their production practice.With the constant development of human society, the diligent and intelligent Han people kept summing up the experience.Discarding the dro while aimilating the eence, they strive to explore and blaze new trails.Over thousands of years, writing brush has made great contribution to creating the splendid culture of the Han people and to promoting the cultural exchange between people of all nationalities and the Han people.Writing brush is a treasure that the Han people have provided the world’s arts treasure house.
【重点表达】
存其精华，弃其糟粕 Discarding the dro while aimilating the eence
勇于探索，敢于创新strive to explore and blaze new trails
光辉灿烂的文化splendid culture
6.【翻译原文】
我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜，经常跨时区旅行以及上夜班而引起的。
【参考译文】
Our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day.Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge.Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders.Some sleeping disorders are genetic.But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights.
【重点表达】
正常运转 function properly
找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法 find ways to get more and better sleep
熬夜 stay up late
经常跨时区旅行 travel frequently between time zone
上夜班 work nights
7.【翻译原文】
乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑。人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。
【参考译文】
Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China.For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.
词句点拨：
1、gain popularity 赢得观众;大受欢迎
e.g.Earthy tone colors for apparel and gear continue to gain in popularity compared to bright colors.
相对于明亮的色调,土色系列的色调持续在服装与装备的应用中获得喜爱.
2、rolled into one (把不同的人或物的特点)合为一体的
e.g.This is our kitchen, sitting and dining room all rolled into one.
这既是我们的厨房，又是客厅和餐厅。
3、improvise 拼凑
vt.& vi.即兴创作; 临时提供，临时凑成
e.g.Sometimes I improvise and change the words because I forget them.
有时，我临场发挥改了词，因为我把原来的词给忘了。
8.【翻译原文】
在中国，赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合。礼物常用红色或其他喜庆的颜色(festive color)来包装，但白色或黑色不适宜用于此。当你将礼物递出去时，收礼者(recipient)可能会礼貌谢绝。在情况下试着将礼物再-次送出去。通常收礼者在客人离开之后才打开礼物。此外，送礼还有—些禁忌(taboo)如给夫妻送伞就不合适，因为中文里“伞”与“散”同音。
【参考译文】
In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts.The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors.But white and black and not suitable in the packaging.When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely.In this case, you could try to offer the present once again.Usually, the recipient won\'t open the gift until the guest leaves.In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts.For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word \"separate\" in Chinese.
9.【翻译原文】
平遥古城位于山西省中部平遥县内，始建于西周宣王时期(公元前827年～公元前782年)。平遥古城是中国汉民族城市在明清时期的杰出范例，在中国历史的发展中，为人们展示了一幅非同寻常的汉族文化、社会、经济及宗教发展的完整画卷。平遥古城被称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”之一，也是中国仅有的以整座古城申报世界文化遗产获得成功的两座古城市之一。
【参考译文】
Located in Pingyao County in the middle of Shanxi Province, the Ancient City of Pingyao was built during the reign of Emperor Xuan in the Western Zhou Dynasty(from 827 BC to 782 BC).The Ancient City of Pingyao is a prominent example of the Han people\'s cities in the dynasties of Ming and Qing.It shows a complete and extraordinary picture of the development of culture, society, economy, and religions of the Han people.The Ancient City of Pingyao is called one of the “four best preserved ancient cities”, and one of China’s only two ancient cities that have succeeded in the application for the world culture heritage as a whole city.
10.【翻译原文】
“剩女(leftover women)”这个词被用来指那些在二十八九岁，甚至更大年龄仍未结婚的女性。有些人认为“剩女”是需要认真对待的社会力量,而另一些人则主张这个词应被视为褒义词，意思是“成功女性”。据2010年的中国婚姻调查 (Chinese National Marriage Survey)报道，90%的男人认为女人应该在27岁之前结婚。在中国，大部分“剩女”都是受过良好教育的中产阶级。跟以前几代人相比，如今的女性更加自由，更能够独立生活。
【参考译文】
“Leftover women”is a term that refers to women who remain unmarried in their late twenties and beyond.Some people regard leftover women as a social force to be reckoned with”,while others have argued that the term should be taken as a positive term to mean“succeful women”.In a 2010 Chinese National Marriage Survey, it was reported that 9 out of 10 men believe that women should be married before they are 27 years old.In China leftover women are mostly well-educated middle cla.Women today are more free and able to live independently in comparison to previous generations.
11.【翻译原文】
很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。
【参考译文】
Many people like Chinese food.In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients varies greatly acro China.However, good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to always concern colors, smell, tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for man’s health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables.Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy.
12.【翻译原文】
那些保持适应性情绪控制状态的人，把逆境看作是暂时性的，相信困难应该会过去的。在一项危机中，他们很好地调整自己，坚信控制来源于激励的行动而非控制反应。他们不会受到紧张或痛苦情绪的惊吓;他们采取有效的应对策略，例如取得亲朋的支持和自我的述说。研究表明那些拥有高情商的人处理创伤性(traumatic)事件时很少会有负面心理问题。
【参考译文】
Those who maintain an adaptive state of emotional control regard adversity as temporary and have the belief that “This shall pa.” In a crisis, they well adjust themselves and firmly believe that the control comes from inspired action rather than controlling reaction.They are not terrified by intense or painful emotions; they employ effective coping strategies, such as obtaining support from relatives and friends, and self-talk.The study indicates that individuals with a high emotional intelligence handle traumatic events with rare negative psychological problems.
13.【翻译原文】
三手烟是指在吸烟几小时或几天之后仍然残留在地毯、衣物以及其他物品中的烟污染。据研究，许多人，尤其是烟民，都不知道三手烟会危害人们的健康。在接受调查的1500名烟民和非烟民中，绝大部分人都认同二手烟的危害。但当他们被问到是否知晓“吸入前一天有人吸烟的屋子里的空气会危害你的健康”时,只有65%的非烟民和43%的烟民回答是肯定的。
【参考译文】
Third-hand smoke refers to the tobacco smoke contamination that lingers on carpets, clothes and other materials hours or days after smoking.According to a study, a large number of people, particularly smokers, have no idea that the third-hand smoke is a health hazard for people.Of the 1,500 smokers and nonsmokers surveyed, the vast majority agree that second-hand smoke is harmful.But when asked whether they agreed with the statement,“Breathing air in a room where people smoked yesterday can harm your health,”only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of smokers gave the affirmative answer.
14.【翻译原文】
自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double SeventhFestival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。 这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。
【参考译文】
The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine\'s Day since the late 1990s.The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty.It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage.So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened.Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine\'s day, particularly among young people.
15.【翻译原文】
火锅(hot pot)是中国的传统饮食方式之一，拥有几千年的历史。在寒冷的冬天，人们軎欢吃能立即暖身和提神的火锅。如今在许多现代家庭里，用煤炭加热的(coal-heated)传统火锅已经被电磁炉(induction cooker)火锅所取代。各地火锅风格各异，所使用的火锅原料也不尽相同。一般来说，用于火锅的肉类包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鸭肉等,其他的菜则包括蔬菜、蘑菇、面条等。
【参考译文】
With a history of several thousand years, hot pot is one of the traditional Chinese diets.In the cold winter, people like to eat the hot pot that instantly warms their bodies and lifts their spirits.Today in many modern homes, the traditional coal-heated hot pots have been replaced by induction cookers.Hot pot styles and ingredients vary from region to region in China.Generally, the common meats used include pork, beef, chicken, duck and others, while other hot pot dishes are vegetables, mushrooms, noodles, etc.
16.【翻译原文】
在中国，赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合。礼物常用红色或其他喜庆的颜色(festive color)来包装，但白色或黑色不适宜用于此。当你将礼物递出去时，收礼者(recipient)可能会礼貌谢绝。在情况下试着将礼物再-次送出去。通常收礼者在客人离开之后才打开礼物。此外，送礼还有—些禁忌(taboo)如给夫妻送伞就不合适，因为中文里“伞”与“散”同音。
【参考译文】
In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts.The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors.But white and black and not suitable in the packaging.When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely.In this case, you could try to offer the present once again.Usually, the recipient won\'t open the gift until the guest leaves.In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts.For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word \"separate\" in Chinese.
17.【翻译原文】
中国饮茶的传统可以追溯到公元前3000多年，但“下午茶”的概念却是到17世纪中叶(the mid 17th century)才在英国出现的。当时那里时兴的晚餐时间是晚上8点，所以一位公爵夫人(Duche)养成了在下午4点约朋友吃糕点的习惯。很快下午茶成为当时的社会潮流。随东西方文化交流的加深，这个英国传统逐渐进入中国。如今，下午茶在国内日渐流行起来，尤其是在广东和福建地区。
【参考译文】
Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to more than 3,000 B.C.in China, it was not until the mid 17th century in the UK that appeared the concept of \"afternoon tea\".The dinner time then was popularly late at 8 pm, so a Duche developed a habit of inviting Mends to enjoy some cakes at 4 pm in the afternoon.Quickly, afternoon tea became a fashionable social event.With the cultural exchanges between the east and the west deepening, this British tradition was gradually in-traduced into China.Now, afternoon tea is increasingly popular in China, especially in the area ol Guangdong and Fijian provinces.
18.【翻译原文】
功夫茶(Gongfu tea)不是一种茶叶或茶的名字，而是一种冲泡的手艺。人们叫它功夫茶，足因为这种泡茶方式十分讲究：它的操作过程需要一定的技术，以及泡茶和品茶的知识和技能。功夫茶起源于宋朝，在广东的潮州府(今潮汕地区)一带最为盛行，后来在全国各地流行。功夫茶以浓度(concentration)高著称。制作功夫茶主要使用的茶叶足乌龙茶(Oolongtea),因为它能满足功夫茶色、香、味的要求。
【参考译文】
Gongfu tea is not one kind of tea or the name of tea, but a skill of making tea.People call it Gongfu tea for the reason of its exquisite proce.The operational procedures require certain techniques, knowledge and skill of brewing and tasting tea.Gongfu tea originated in the Song Dynasty and prevailed mostly in Chaozhou Guangdong Province(Now: Chaoshan Area).It later became popular around the nation.Gongfu tea is famous for its high concentration.Oolong tea is mainly used in making the Gongfu tea because it can meet the requirements of color, flavor and taste of the Gongfu tea.
19.【翻译原文】
筷子(chopsticks)是中国古人发明的一种具有鲜明民族特色的进食工具(tableware)，是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。中国人使用筷子的历史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年。筷子可谓是中国国粹，既轻巧又灵活，在世界各国餐具中独树一帜，被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。凡是使用过筷子的人，不论中国人或是外国人，都因其使用方便、物美价廉而赞叹不绝。
【参考译文】
Chopsticks, invented by ancient Chinese people, are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that reflects the characteristics of Chinese diet culture.The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than3,000 years ago.Chopsticks, the quinteence of Chinese culture, whose lightne and flexibility develop a school of its own among various tableware all over the world, are praised as \"Eastern Civilization\" by the westerners.All those people who have ever used chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, marvel at their convenience, excellent quality and reasonable price.
20.【翻译原文】
中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。
【参考译文】
China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.
21.【翻译原文】
长期以来，京剧界面临的一个重要问题就是如何让更多人尤其是年轻人认识京剧、了解京剧，喜爱京剧。高速发展的现代社会为人们带来了更多娱乐选择，在电影、电视、网络等冲击下，年轻一代大多数没有意愿也少有机会真正感受京剧的魅力。现有的京剧专家很多已步入中老年，不擅长用年轻人喜欢的语言和方式与他们沟通;而年轻一代中又极少有人既懂得京剧又愿意花费时间和精力去介绍京剧。
【参考译文】
For a long time, a serious problem Peking Opera has been facing is how to get more people, especially the young generations, to know about, to understand, and to be keen on Peking Opera.The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought people more options for recreation.Under the impacts of movies, TV shows, Internet, etc., most of the young generations show no interest or scarcely have any opportunity to truly feel the charm of Peking Opera.Many of the Peking Opera masters have entered middle or old age, and they are not good at communicating with the young people in the languages or ways they like.Among the young generations, there are few people who have a good understanding of Peking Opera and are willing to spend time or efforts introducing it.
【小贴士】
1.在翻译过程中适当使用定语从句会给你的译文加分，如The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought...
2.遇到否定意义的句子，不要总是用“not”，而可以使用一些表否定意义的词，如scarce，rare等，会使你的表达看起来更加成熟。
22.【翻译原文】
风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。人们相信自然环境影响人的命运。他们期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局，达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信(superstition)的一面。如今风水在中国城市的年轻人中已不太时兴，但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区以及新加坡和马来西亚，风水仍然流行。
【小贴士】
1.第1句含有两个分句，翻译时可把前一个分句“是„„艺术”看作“风水”的同位语译出，后一个分句作为句子的主干。定语“一门使人与环境达到和谐的”和“中国哲学在环境上的”都较长，可采用\"n + of +„\"的所有格形式，表所属。
2.第3句分句较多，信息较零散，但仔细分析可发现达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境“是目的，而”通过调整建筑的设计与摆设“是方式，故翻译本句时宜改变句子的语序，把表示目的内容作为句子的主干，而”通过调整“则译成through引导的方式状语置后。
3.第4句“风水也有迷信的一面”，可译成“be of + n.”的结构，强调“具有„„特性”。
4.在最后一句中，地点状语“在„„马来西亚”很长，故翻译时将其置于句末，避免句子头重脚轻，也更符合英语的表达习惯。
【参考译文】
Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment.People believe that the natural environment affects people\'s fortunes.They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it through adjusting the design and layout of their houses.Fengshui is also of superstition on its side.Nowadays it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.
23.【翻译原文】
为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份。即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一种动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始，以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵(cultural connotation).例如，牛年出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和日本也很流行。
【小贴士】
1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”，如果直译成in order to make people remember the years more easily.表达不够地道，有中国式英语的感觉。“让人们”是汉语中约定俗成的表达，翻译时可“省译”，此处表达为to order to remember即可。“即‘十二生肖’”可紧跟上文，用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。
2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循环”可以用every 12 years comes in a circle表达，主语every 12 years为整体念的单数名词。“从鼠开始，以猪为结尾”用现在分词短语beginning with Rat and ending with Pig来表达，作“循环”的后置定语。
3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定语，用分词短语bornin the Year of Ox来表达。“据说„„”译为 is said to„。
4.翻译最后一句时，先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains popular)。地点状语“在亚洲的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian countries 来表达。
【参考译文】
In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years, which is called the \"Chinese Zodiac\".Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig.Each animal has its unique cultural connotations.For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while the person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and impatient.The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.
24.【翻译原文】
李白是唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)的著名诗人。他和他的朋友杜甫是唐代中期中国诗歌繁盛时期最杰出的两位人物。他一生四处游历，写下了大约1000首诗篇。这些诗堪称是赞美友情、享受大自然和饮酒作乐的模板。他的诗浪漫、豪迈，想象力丰富。作为一个浪漫主义天才，李白把中国的传统诗歌形式推向了一个新的离度，对后世的诗歌产生了深远的影响。
【小贴士】
1.第2句中的定语“唐代中期中国诗歌繁盛时期”的中心词是“繁盛时期”(in the flourishing)，“中国诗歌”是其定语，用介词短语of Chinese poetry来表达，时间范围较大的“唐代中期”(in the mid-Tang Dynasty)置于句末。
2.第3句中的“写下了大约1000首诗篇”用分词短语composing about 1,000 pieces of poems来表达，作状语。后一句以“这些诗”为主语，跟前一句关联较大，故将其处理成修饰前一句poems的定语从句，用 which引导。
3.第5句“他的诗浪漫、豪迈，想象力丰富”是中文的无动词句。翻译时，把“他的诗浪漫”转换为主干(his poems are romantic)，将“豪迈，想象力丰富”转换为状语，用介词短语with heroic style and rich imagination来表达。
4.最后一句可直译成并列结构，“推向„„高度”用take„to a height来表达，“对„„产生深远的影响”则用exerted a far-reaching influence oil„的表达方式。
【参考译文】
Li Bai was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty.He and his friend Du Fu were the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty.He traveled around the country in his lifetime, composing about 1,000 pieces of poems which were models for celebrating the friendship, appreciating the nature and the joys of drinking wine.His poems are romantic with heroic style and rich imagination.As a romantic genius, Li Bai took traditional poetic forms to a new height and exerted a far-reaching influence on the poems of the future generation.
25.【翻译原文】
胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝(the Yuan Dynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
【小贴士】
1.第1句中的“馆藏丰富的”用现在分词短语表达，作后置定语，译作boasting vast collections.“一座宝藏” 可简单译为a treasure，但不如用a palace of treasure来表达语义更生动饱满。
2.第2句中的“但令人遗憾的是”可套用句型it is a pity that„，此处用副词regrettably置句首修饰一整句则更简单，是英语中常用的表达方式。
3.仔细分析可发现，第4句“这一举动„„良好的开端”中的“这一举动”指代前一句的内容，故将该句处理成非限制性定语从句，译作which is a good start„。 “为学术馆藏走近普通大众”表目的，故将其处理成状语，用不定式短语to bring academic collections closer to the general public 来表达。
4.最后一句进行了对比，重点为后一分句内容“国内的髙校博物馆仍然有待发掘”(the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered)。所以翻译时，可以考虑将这两个分句进行“合译”，后一分句作主句，前一分句则处理成用as引导的状语从句，使译文结构紧凑流畅。
【参考译文】
The university museums boasting vast collections are undoubtedly \"a palace of treasure\".Regrettably, however, this treasure has been receiving little attention.Recently, some university in Beijing announce that their museums will grant free acce to the public, which is a good start to bring academic collections closer to the general public.But as many world-cla university museums have long been famous attractions for tourists and scholars, the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered.
26.【翻译原文】
丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始， 经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线， 中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。
【参考译文】
The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and North¬ern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.
27.【翻译原文】
中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周 末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春节(Spring Festival),清明节(Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_般约在7月1 日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1 月或2月。
【参考译文】
Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals.China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months.The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival. 28.【翻译原文】
中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”(Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称 为中山扇(Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装 饰。
【参考译文】
The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the paengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.
29.【翻译原文】
洛阳是地处中原的河南省西部一个地级市(prefecture-level city)。 它东部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连三门峡(S_enxia)，北邻济源。 在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人 口最多的时候有100万左右，仅次于当时世界上最大的城市——长安。 在短暂的五代(Five Dynasties)时期，洛阳是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐 (Later Tang)和后晋(Later Jin)的首都，后来。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)时期，洛阳是西部首都，也是宋朝的建立人赵匡胤的出生地。
【参考译文】
Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China.It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the north.During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu (东都),the “Eastern Capital\' and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest city in the world.During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin.During the North Song Dynasty, Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.
30.【翻译原文】
自从1978年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济 (centrally planned economy)向市场经济(market based economy)的转变。超过6亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过1.7亿人生活在国际贫困线以下 天少于1.25美元。2012年，中国的人均GDP 为12405.67美元，这是30年前的37倍。到2018年，中国的人均 GDP将从世界第90位上升到第75位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的世界平均水平。
【参考译文】
Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy.More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line.In 2012, China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67.This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago.By 2018，China’s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world.This however will still be below the forecasted world average.
