如何写英语演讲稿
英语应试作文更多的强调篇章结构和格式,议论文通常采用总分总的形式,即在文章开头提出自己的观点,在正文进行论证和说明,然后在文章结尾再次重申并强调自己的观点.而演讲稿则是为口头表达而做,要求采用大量的排比句式以求增加演讲的气势,并且演讲者在演讲的过程中还可能根据场上的形式自己决定补充还是删减内容,因此演讲稿的灵活性较大,其写作方式也不同与应试作文.
A.命题演讲的写作(Wrting of prepared speech)
(一)生动有力的开场白(Effective Introduction)
1.开场白的作用(introduction functions)
1)引人入胜的开头(Attention-catching opening line)
2)概述要点(Preview major ideas)
3)向听众阐明听你演讲的理由(Tell your audience why they should listen to you)
2.开场白技巧(Introduction techniques)
1)语出惊人(Using a startling statement)
2)提出问题(Aking a question)
3)利用幽默(Using humor)
4)设置悬念(Using suspense)
5)讲述故事(Telling a story)
6)建立信任(Establishing credibility)
(二)有效正文写作(Effective body writing)
1.主题选择(Topics selection)
2.组织模式(Organizational patterns)
1)时间关系模式(Temporal pattern)
2)空间关系模式(Spatial pattern)
3)主题模式(Topical pattern)
4)问题解决模式(Problem-solution pattern)
5)原因-结果/结果-原因(Cause-effect/Effect-cause pattern)
(三)语言(Language)
1)运用解释(Using explanations)
2)运用事例(Using examples)
3)运用数据(Using statistics)
(四)生动有力的结尾(Effective conclusion)
1.结尾的作用(Conclusion functions)
1)强调中心思想(Emphsize the main idea)
2)激发听众行动(motivate the audience to act)
3)进行收尾(Provide closure)
2.结尾的技巧(Conclusion techniques)
1)总结全文(Using a summary)
2)讲述故事(Tellinga story)
3)运用引言(Usinga quotation)
4)呼应开头(Referring to the introduction)
5)提出问题(Asking a queation)
6)号召行动(Appealing to action)
B.即兴演讲的写作及注意事项(Wrting of impromptu sppech)
1.(什么是即兴演讲What is impromptu speech)
2.怎样组织一篇即兴演讲(How to organize an impromptu speech)
3.即兴演讲的指导原则(Guidelines for impromptu speech)
4.列出即兴演讲的大纲(Outlining an impromptu speech)
如何用英语进行演讲
进行演讲稿的写作及反复推敲修改直至最终定稿只是演讲的准备时期,而真正至关重要的是如何在演讲中把自己写出的以及想要表达的东西表现出来,用自己的声音和肢体语言去打动并赢得听众以及评委的心.本课将就如何在演讲中控制自己的音量,如何与听众进行交流,如何用适当的肢体语言强化演讲的效果进行讲授及练习.(使用上届复赛演讲题目让学生进行课后写作并演讲){environmental protection/Shall we preserve or develop the environment?}
演讲中的语言交流（Verbal communication in a speech）
1.Voice projection
Public speaking means that you must be clearly audible,and an important skill for a speaker is vioce projection.Here are some tips – the ―dos‖ and ―don’ts‖ of voice projection:
The speaker’s style:
Should be adapted to the audience and occasion;
Should be simple,clear,and rather short sentences;
Language should match contents of speech;
In phrasing the main points of the speech, be:
Concise—use the fewest words poible
Vivid—but don’t overdo it
The speaker’s delivery:
1) Voice
Start out with your voice on the correct level of pitch, which won’t tire you and will reach the whole audience.
Be clearly intelligible at all times.
Don’t turn your head sideways.
Pronounce proper names and titles especially carefully.
Don’t be monotonous in your delivery, don’t ―orate‖; Be natural and sincere; Talk conversationally, unle it has to be normal;
Don’t let your endings of your words or sentences fall off; be clear to the last word!
You have to be easily understood:
1)by the man in the last row;
2)by the old gentleman with defective hearing in the middle of the room;
3)by the foreign guest in the front row, who doesn’t understand English too well.Short pause before important statement;
Make it clear in your modulation that you are approaching the final part of your speech.
2) Behaviour
Talk to your audience personally and keep contact with them all the time.Watch the reaction of the audience to what you say;
Your posture should be comfortable.
Facial expreion should reflect your feelings;
Be friendly to your audience; be interested in your subject;
2.Speed of delivery
The speaker must attract the audience’s attention; one method is to vary your speed of your delivery.
Here are some dos and don’ts of that:
Don’t talk faster than 160 words per minute or slower than 90 words a minute.(egs of 王强)
Do keep your speed of delivery constantly changing;
Allow space for applause or laughter.
Change your pace or speed in response to the audience’s reactions.
3.Eye contact
When delivering a speech to an audience, the speaker tries to make sure that the people are interested in what he is saying and hopes his words are convincing enough.He uses facial expreions, gestures and eye contacts to stre his points and to get feedback from the audience.A good speaker never buries himself in reading his speech or looking at his notes.He talks to his audience like an ordinary speaker, and just glances at his notes occasionally.
