全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码：00830
D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use
第二部分非选择题
二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。)
11.In the course of time,the study of language has come to establish close links with other
branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and psychology.
12.Clear ［1］ and dark［］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same
position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be inc________ distribution.
13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears
clear, definite meaning.
14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other.
15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the aertion of the other is the
characteristic of c________ antonyms.
16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is
concrete and context-dependent.
17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another.For example,
Modern English verb ask was Old English askian,with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________.
18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one
language.As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.
19.The brain\'s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is
specific to human beings.
20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language
knowledge in learning a second language.This is know as language t________.
三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。)判断下列各题正误，正者在括
号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。
()21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the
spoken form.
()22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long
vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.
()23.A compound is the combination of only two words.
()24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The
linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong
to the same syntactic category.
()25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different
situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.
()26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition,
unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation.That is to say, if a sentence is negated,
the original presupposition is still true.
()27.The division of Englishinto Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is
nonconventional and not arbitrary.
()28.Language reflects sexism in society.Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not
obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or
racism.
()29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language
succefully later on.
()30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the
sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native
language once their parents teach them.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。)
31.cultural transmiion (as a defining feature of human language)
32.phonic medium of language
33.voicing
34.inflectional morphemes
35.reference
36.locutionary act
37.protolanguage
38.ethnic dialect
39.registers
40.acculturation
五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。)
41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structurein
analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.
42.Describe the proce of language perception, comprehension and production.
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题参考答案
课程代码：00830
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D
6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A
二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
11.social12.complementary
13.root14.complex
15.complementary16.utterance
17.metathesis18.bilingualism
19.lateralization20.transfer
三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
21.F
The contrary is true.The writing system is always a later invention.
22.T
23.F
Some compounds contain more than two words.
24.T
25.F
It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.A case in
point is the two expreions \"morning star\" and \" evening star.\" They refer to the same star
but differ in sense.
26.T
27.F
The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is
conventional and somewhat arbitrary.
28.T
29.T
30.F
Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no matter what
language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the \" more difficult\" sounds.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分)
31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to
acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt.
32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e.the
speech sounds.
33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal
cords.
34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations
and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English.
35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the
relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, \"The dog is barking,\" we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word \"dog\" refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word \"dog\".
36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of
conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.For example, by saying \"You have left the door wide open\",the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expreed what the words literally mean.
37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto
form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings acro related languages.
38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting acro regional differences.
It is spoken mainly by a le privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation.
39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in
contrast to language varieties that are aociated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users.For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects.
40.Acculturation refers to a proce of adapting to the culture and value system of the second
language community.
五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分)
41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure treehas a hierarchical
structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the
constituent relationship among linguistic elements.
For example, the phrase \" the old men and women\" may have two interpretations,
i.e.the adjective \"old”may modify the noun \"men\", or the following two nouns \"men and women\".Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.
NP
NPNP
The old menandthe womenthe old menandthe old women
42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis,language use in terms of
perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers.
When we speak,words are drawn from Wernicke\'s area and transferred to Broca\'s area,
which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words.
When we hear something and try to comprehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory
cortex is transmitted to Wernicke\'s area,where it is then interpreted.
When we perceive a visual image,a meage is sent to the angular gyrus,where it is
converted into a visual pattern.
