一、
Y: 杨锐中央电视台英语频道“对话”节目主持人
H: 何其莘教授北京外国语大学副校长
D: Donald Holder 北大附中外籍教师
Y: What do Eastern and Western family education share in shaping a child\'s mind and character? Y:东方和西方家庭教育分享在塑造孩子的人的心灵和品格? H: Parental guidance is probably the first thing.Both the east and west emphasize the quality of family life.Usually parents are the first teachers for a child.A child very often imitates the parents and he is likely to regard whatever the parents do as positive.
H:父母的指导可能是第一件事。东方和西方都强调家庭生活的质量。通常父母为孩子的第一任老师。一个孩子经常模仿父母和他可能认为不管父母做积极的。
D: I agree with Prof.He.It seems that in both families whether it\'s east or west, the child is the center and becomes the focus of the parents\' hopes and dreams.And on both sides we also have this idea of putting preure on the child.Especially in China, that preure becomes even more apparent.Americans...sometimes it\'s a little more subtle in this side.But both sides share that a child is
医生:我同意教授他。看来在这两个家庭无论是东方还是西方,孩子是中心,成为关注的父母的希望和梦想。和在双方我们也有这个想法的孩子施压。尤其是在中国,这种压力变得更加明显。美国人„有时候这是一个小更微妙的在这一边。但双方分享这一个孩子
what carries the family to next generation and is the base for the improvement of a family. 什么携带家人下一代的基础,是提高一个家庭。
Y: Parents sometimes have moments of embarrament with their children, for example, what do you think is the most reasonable way of answering children\'s questions such as how they were born and why their parents sleep together while putting them in their own rooms?
Y:父母有时有尴尬的时刻与他们的孩子,例如,你认为什么是最合理的方式回答孩子的问题,比如他们如何出生和为什么他们的父母睡在一起而使他们在他们自己的房间吗? D: In America because we have so many different religions and cultures that at present everybody has their own taboos and about what to do.Every family and culture has its own definition of \"sexual morality\".Some parents are very frank, they\'ll tell the child from a very early age when they start questioning about sex.
D:在美国,因为我们有这么多不同的宗教和文化,目前每个人都有他们自己的禁忌和对要做什么。每个家庭和文化都有自己的定义“性道德”。一些父母非常坦率,他们会告诉孩子们从很小的时候当他们开始询问关于性。
Y: How is sex education conducted in a typical American school?
Y:性教育进行了在一个典型的美国学校吗? D: In primary school education we leave the parents to handle that.By the time of junior high school when their bodies are changing, they have the health claes or PE claes1.You have the boys and girls over and they are going to talk about the physical changes.And by the time they go to high school, they have a health cla, which talks about sex, sexual problems and diseases. D:在小学教育我们离开父母来处理这样的。到初中当他们的身体正在改变,他们有健康类或PE claes1。你有男孩和女孩在和他们要谈的是物理变化。和当他们去高中,他们有一个健康类,它谈论性、性问题和疾病。
Y: As a parent and teacher of English, did you ever talk to your child or students explicitly about sex? Y:作为家长和老师的英语,你有没有跟你的孩子或者学生明确的关于性? H: Well, sex is a more sensitive topic in China especially in families and schools.In most families,sex is regarded as a rigid taboo so teachers would avoid talking about it and parents would not talk about sex at home either.If I were asked by a little boy of five or four why Mom and Dad sleep together I would probably say Mom and Dad love each other and we need talk when you get into bed, something like that.
H:嗯,性是一个更加敏感的话题在中国尤其在家庭和学校。在大多数家庭,性被视为刚性禁忌,教师会避免谈论它和父母不会谈论性在家里也。如果我问一个小男孩的五个或四个为什么妈妈和爸爸一起睡,我大概会说妈妈和爸爸爱彼此,我们需要谈话当你上床,这样的东西。 Y: Okay, let\'s say, if the parents know clearly that sex will inevitably happen between their sons and their girlfriends when they go camping during the summer holiday, what do American parents usually do in this case?
Y:好吧,让我们说,如果父母很清楚,性将不可避免地发生在他们的儿子和他们的女朋友当他们去露营暑假期间,美国的父母通常在这种情况下吗? D: Well, this is back to parental education.The parents are resigning themselves sometimes to the fact that their teenager children in high school might have sex with his or her girlfriend or bo yfriend.We can\'t stop this from happening, but can teach them to be careful and responsible. 维:嗯,这是回到父母的教育。父母都是辞职自己有时这样的事实,即他们在高中少年儿童可能性与他或她的女朋友或bo yfriend。我们不能阻止这种情况的发生,但是可以教导他们要谨慎和负责任的。
Y: Prof.He, you have said that another main difference between Eastern and Western education is that the Asian teaching method is much more test-oriented.A student\'s future may be determined by the result of one test after he or she graduated from high school.So are you questioning the current national entrance exam2 for entering universities?
Y:教授,你曾经说过,他的另一个主要区别东方和西方的教育是,亚洲教学方法更以考试为目的。一个学生的未来也可能取决于一个试验的结果后,他或她从高中毕业。所以你要质疑当前高考进入大学exam2吗? H: This is what\'s in my mind.I understand the difficulty of conducting national entrance exams more than once in such a large country like China, but I think we probably should learn from our American colleagues, especially in their SAT3 system, to provide more chances for children to take part in the exams. H:这是什么在我的头脑。我理解的困难进行不止一次的国家入学考试在这样一个幅员辽阔的国家像中国一样,但我认为我们应该从我们的美国同事学习,特别是在他们的SAT3系统,提供更多的机会对孩子参加考试。
Y: How many national tests do you have or do you have any national tests for entering universities?
Y:有多少国家测试你或你有任何国家测试进入大学吗? D: There are two national exams for entering college: the SAT and the ACT.4 But we have to emphasize here that these exams are optional.They are not required by every school in America, and in fact most state schools5 don\'t require them at all if you live in the United States.So when you\'re at your last year of high school, the question is not whether you like to enter a college or the exams will let you enter a college, the question is \"Do you want to go to college? \" And that takes a lot of preure off the child and gives more room to the child to grow as a learner, knowing that the exams are important but they don\'t decide who you are and what kind of student you are.I think this is one of the biggest differences between Chinese education and American education.
D:有两个国家考试:SAT和进入大学的行为。4但我们必须强调在这里,这些考试是可选的。他们并不要求每一所学校在美国,事实上,大多数国家schools5不要求他们如果你住在美国。所以当你在你的高中的最后一年,问题不在于你是否喜欢进入大学或考试会让你进入大学,问题是“你想去上大学?“,这需要很大的压力下的孩子,提供更大的空间来孩子成长为一个学习者,知道考试是很重要的,但是他们并不决定你是谁,你是什么样的学生。我认为这是一个区别最大的中国教育和美国教育。
Y: Asian students usually score the highest in math and science in the world.What comments do you have on this?
Y:亚洲学生通常得分最高的数学和科学的世界。你有什么评论吗? H: This reminds me of one TV program, a special report on Asian students in American universities by NBC6 in 1996.After citing a few examples to illustrate the excellent performance of Asian students in American universities, the anchorman7 concluded by saying:\"There has been a saying in many top American universities lately, if you see so many Asian faces in your cla on the
H:这让我想起了一个电视节目,一个特殊的报告在美国大学的亚洲学生在1996年NBC6。在举出一些例子来说明性能优良的亚洲学生在美国的大学,anchorman7得出结论说“:已经有了许多美国顶尖大学说在最近,如果你看到这么多亚洲面孔在你的类
first day of the semester, drop it out.\"8 I think in a way this is a good summary of the excellent academic performance of Asian students.But at the same time, we have to admit that Asian students do not do an equally good job in their laboratories.I think this is partly because too much emphasis has been placed on test result instead of their ability of using their hands.So I think if we start giving more emphasis on the ability of doing things, I think they can probably do a better job not only in tests but also in their abilities. 新学期的第一天,掉出来。“我认为在某种程度上8这是一个很好的概括的亚洲学生优异的学业表现。但同时,我们必须承认亚洲学生不做一个同样好工作在他们的实验室。我认为部分原因是由于太多的重点是要测试的结果,而不是他们使用他们的手的能力。所以我认为如果我们开始给予更多强调的做事的能力,我认为他们可以做一个更好的工作不仅在测试中,也在自己的能力。
D: The problem is that if you don\'t balance that by taking knowledge from head and putting it on hands and use it, I won\'t need that person for a job market.This person will be a scholar and will know much, but he can\'t do anything.Let me be very honest with you.We praise our Asian students in our colleges, but in fact they never ever get to the top.They are always the best aistants, the best researchers if I give them a task, but they are never the team leaders and they are never the managers.They are always the workers.I think that reflects the exam-memorization side of the education system.They know how to memorize and learn it, but they don\'t know how to creatively take it out of their heads and do things on their own.That is something that needs to be looked at carefully in the education system here.
D:问题是,如果你不平衡,以知识并把它从头部和手使用它,我不需要那人对就业市场。这个人会成为一个学者,就会知道太多,但他不能做任何事情。让我很诚实地告诉你。我们赞美我们的亚洲学生在我们的大学,但事实上他们永远不会到达山顶。他们总是最好的助手,最好的研究人员如果我给他们一个任务,但他们从不团队领导人和他们永远是经理。他们总是工人。我认为这反映了考试识记一边的教育系统。他们知道如何记忆和学习它,但他们不知道如何创造性地把它从他们的头和做自己的事情。这是需要仔细的在这里的教育体系。
Y: Now more and more Chinese parents are sending their children abroad for secondary schooling.9 Do you think they do so simply to let their children to have a taste of Western life and education? Or is it because of a very practical concern, Prof.He?
Y:现在越来越多的中国家长把孩子送到国外中学教育。9你认为他们这么做只是为了让他们的孩子有品味的西方生活和教育?或者是因为一个非常现实的担忧,教授吗? H: The reasons behind that vary.Some of the parents are thinking of providing a proper college education for the child, because the competition of entering a Chinese college is still fierce at this moment.And some are thinking of providing a well paying job for their children in the future.And some are probably thinking of sending their children abroad as the first step of immigrating into a foreign country themselves.
H:变化的背后的原因。一些父母都想提供一个合适的大学教育孩子,因为竞争进入中国的大学仍然是激烈的这一刻。和一些正考虑提供好工作为孩子支付在未来。和一些可能考虑把子女送到国外作为第一步的移民到国外自己。
Y: But how do we look at this, many Asian Ph.D.students are roaming the streets of Singapore,Hong Kong and Taiwan even looking for Jobs?
Y:但是我们怎么看这,许多亚洲人漫步街头,博士生的新加坡、香港和台湾甚至找工作吗? D: Well, the Ph.D.only tells me you have studied.If I want to be a university profeor or a science researcher, definitely Ph.D.is important because I need to be in the top of my field of research.But if I were the president of the company and I need to hire creative work staff, I\'m going to look what you\'ve done and I don\'t care how much you\'ve studied. 维:嗯,博士学位只告诉我你研究过。如果我想成为一个大学教授或科学研究员,绝对博士是很重要的,因为我需要在我的研究领域的顶部。但如果我是这家公司的董事长和我需要雇佣有创造性的工作人员,我要看看你都做了什么,我不在乎你是多么的研究。
Y: Now a question for each of you before we end this interview.What should we as parents and teachers do to let children be more creative and innovative?
Y:现在一个问题对每个你在我们结束这个采访。我们应该为家长和教师都让孩子们更有创造力和创新? D: I would encourage them to question and always be supportive to them.You should take the time to make the child be interested in the world around them and question everything they know and to seek their own truth as well.So be there as a listener, but at the same time, be a guide that can show them how to find the answers themselves.
D:我会鼓励他们的问题和永远支持他们。你应该花时间使孩子有兴趣在他们周围的世界,并质疑一切他们知道和寻求自己的真理一样。所以在那里作为一个监听器,但同时,是一个指南,可以向他们显示如何找到答案。
H: I think we should have more discuion claes, both at the primary and secondary levels.The debates in the claes will encourage the students to think more creatively.And they will become thinkers instead of followers of the instructions of teachers.
H:我认为我们应该有更多的讨论类,无论是在初级和中级水平。在类的辩论将会鼓励学生更富创造性的思考。他们将成为思想家,而不是老师的指示的追随者。 1.体育课。PE: Physical Education.2.高考。 3.SATscholastic aptitude test学业能力倾向测验。 4.ACTAmerican College Test美国大学测验。
5.公立学校。 6.NBCNational Broadcasting Company美国全国广播公司。 7.节目主持人。 8.别上这个班。 9.上中学。__
二、Let\'s Put the Heat on Campus Cheats 让我们把热量在校园骗子 The scandal of college cheating. 该丑闻的大学作弊。 By Stephen Barr 斯蒂芬·巴尔 Declining Morals 道德滑坡
James Karge-Taylor was astonished at the rampant cheating taking place in his jazz-history cla at the University of Arizona.Students looked over each other\'s shoulders, devised coughing codes to communicate to friends, and flashed answers on the backs of their hands while pretending to stretch.
詹姆斯Karge-Taylor感到惊讶猖獗的作弊发生在他的修读爵士历史类的亚利桑那大学。学生看着彼此的肩膀,设计了咳嗽编码与朋友交流,和闪烁的答案背后的手而假装伸展。
He once caught one student using his cell phone to send answers to a friend\'s pager.The code \"54*2,\" for instance, meant the answer to question 54 was B.Karge-Taylor kicked them out of his claroom and gave both an F.
他曾抓住一个学生用他的手机发送一个朋友的寻呼机的答案。代码“54 * 2,“例如,意味着题的答案是B 54。Karge-Taylor踢他们离开自己的教室,并送了一个F。
At small Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, philosophy profeor Heather Reid discovered cheating in, of all places, her introductory ethics cla.Two students turned in homework aignments that were almost identical.Reid reported the incident to the academic dean, leading to an investigation.One student was suspended and given an F for the course.
在小晨边学院爱荷华州苏城,哲学教授希瑟·里德发现作弊,所有的地方,她的介绍性的伦理类。两个学生在作业了,几乎是相同的。Reid报道此事的教务长,导致一个调查。一个学生被停职,给定一个F的课程。
Incidents such as these are all too common.In recent years many colleges and universities have reported a surge in plagiarism, unauthorized collusion on aignments and cheating on tests. 诸如此类的事件都太常见。近年来许多学院和大学报道激增的剽窃,未经授权的勾结的作业和考试作弊。
In research conducted at 31 schools over the past decade, Rutgers University profeor Donald McCabe has found that nearly 70 percent of students admit to cheating at some point during college, with over 15 percent reporting that they were, in McCabe\'s words, \"serious, repetitive cheaters.\"
在研究31学校在过去的十年中,罗格斯大学教授唐纳德麦凯布已经发现,近70%的学生承认作弊在某种程度上,大学期间超过15%报告说,他们在McCabe的话说“严重的、,重复的骗子。” While this surge has been blamed on many factors, including a declining emphasis on moral values in the home and school, without question it\'s never been easier to cheat.With the Internet, students have acce to a treasure-trove of information they can pinch without proper attribution.\"There\'s a cowboy feeling about the Internet that the information is out there for everybody to use as they see fit,\" says
虽然这个激增归咎于许多因素,包括一个下降的强调道德价值观在学校和家里,毫无疑问从未如此的容易作弊。有了互联网,学生获得珍贵的信息他们可以捏没有适当的属性。“有一个牛仔感觉关于互联网的信息是拿出来给大家使用在他们认为合适的地方,”说
Michele Goldfarb, director of the Office of Student Conduct at the University of Pennsylvania. 米歇尔·戈德法布办公室的主任,学生行为在宾夕法尼亚大学。
In a composition cla, University of Texas instructor Sharan Daniel asked students to write an evaluative argument, which could include reviewing a contemporary film.
在一篇作文类,德克萨斯大学讲师夏朗丹尼尔要求学生写下一个评价参数,其中可能包括回顾当代电影。
One student chose a Bruce Willis movie.
一个学生选择一个布鲁斯·威利斯的电影。
Daniel suspected plagiarism when the paper turned in was different in style from the 丹尼尔涉嫌剽窃论文的时候把在不同的风格
student\'s previous work.She did a search on the Internet and found the review the 学生以前的工作。她做了一个在互联网上搜索,发现了审查 student had lifted in its entirety.
学生在其全部解除。
There are hundreds of websites, with names like schoolsucks.com and 有成百上千的网站,像schoolsucks.com和名称
CollegeTermPapers.com, which offer ready-made eays on topics ranging from
CollegeTermPapers.com,它提供现成的文章主题从
anthropology to zoology.Some sites are free, as long as you contribute a paper of 人类学生态。有些网站是免费的,只要你贡献的一篇论文
your own, while others charge anything from a modest membership fee to over 你自己的,而其他的收费从一个适度的会费超过 $100 a paper.
100美元一纸。
Students also get papers directly from their peers.As the semester-end approaches, 学生可以直接从他们的同龄人的论文。随着学期结束的临近, the online meage boards and chat rooms on many websites fill with requests for 在线留言板和聊天室在许多网站充满请求 papers from desperate students. 论文从绝望的学生。
The website of the Evil House of Cheat boasts 2000 daily visitors.There you can pick 该网站的邪恶的房子的欺骗拥有每天接待2000名参观者。在那里你可以选择
up tips on how to cheat on exams and read comments from people described as satisfied users, like one student who said he had raised his grade-point average from a D- to a B+ after he paid his $9.95 annual membership fee. 小技巧如何在考试中作弊和阅读评论人描述为满足用户,像一个学生说他举起他的平均分从DHe was unmoved.´´You are smart enough.You´ll see a change! ´´Nothing.
然而,在那之后,战争。史蒂夫依然不想´t做他的家庭作业。´´试试它,一个星期!´´——他无动于衷。´´你足够聪明。你会看到一个变化´!´´——没有什么感到他。´´给自己一个机会。唐´t放弃你的生活!´´——没有什么。
´´Steve, please! I care about you! ´´ Wow! Suddenly Steve got it.Someone cared about him? Someone totally unattainable and perfect, caredhim ?
´´史蒂夫,谢谢!我在乎你!´´哇!突然史蒂夫得到它了。有人关心他?有人完全高不可攀和完美,关心——他——大约? Steve went home from school, thoughtful that afternoon.He could not bear the overpowering stench in his house.He quickly gathered up his camping gear: a jar of peanut butter, a loaf of bread, a bottle of water, and this time his school books.Grim-faced and determined, he headed for the woods.
史蒂夫从学校回家,深思熟虑的那个下午。他不能忍受这些刺鼻的臭味在他的房子。他迅速收拾起他的野营装备:一罐花生酱,一块面包,一瓶水,这一次他的学校的书。冷面和决心,他又去了树林。
The following Monday Mi White gave a quiz on the weekend homework.Steve hurried through the test and was first to hand in his paper.With a look of surprise Mi White took his paper.Obviously puzzled, she began to look it over.
在接下来的星期一怀特小姐给对周末的家庭作业进行测验。史蒂夫匆匆完成测试,是第一个手在他的论文。用一下惊奇怀特小姐把他的论文。显然很困惑,她开始看仔细了。
Mi White´s face was in total shock.She glanced up at Steve, then down then up.Suddenly her face broke into a radiance of smile.The smartest boy in the 7th grade had just paed his first test.
怀特小姐´s脸上总冲击。她瞟了一眼史蒂夫,然后下来然后起来。突然她的脸闯入一个光辉的微笑。最聪明的男孩在七年级刚刚通过了第一个测试。
From that moment nothing was the same for Steve.Steve began to excel.And he continued this course throughout his school life.After high school Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a succeful military career.Steve began a second career after the Navy, and he continued to inspire others, as astral profeor in a nearby college.Mi White left great legecy3年高等教育改革
The
former SEdC have established 216 teaching reform pilots for short 2-3 years higher education nationally, and the establishments of pilot colleges are progreing succefully and a number of disciplines and colleges with short higher education characteristics are also taking shape.Recently, with the condition of education provision of those colleges greatly improved and their pace of basic construction speed up, the overall capacity of education provision of them has remarkably strengthened and important achievements have been made in the field of teaching reform.The experience and achievements gained in the reform of short 2-3 years higher education provied important experience for the development of higher vocational education.The state policy of energetically developing higher vocational education in return provides new opportunity for the development of short 2-3 years higher education, which has shown up its great vitality.
上次更新216年前建立了教学改革飞行员短23年高等教育加上重要经验,为发展高等职业教育。国家政策的大力发展高等职业教育作为回报提供了新的机会为发展高等教育只有2 - 3年,它显示了强大的生命力。
7The establishment of macro management system on quality of higher education made stable progre
7建立宏观管理系统在高等教育质量,使之稳定进展
In
1993, the Department of Higher Education of former SEdC began to research the aement plan and the practice of teaching aement.Aimed at helping the HEIs consistently identify their schooling directive ideology, improving the schooling conditions, enhancing the basic construction of teaching, deepening teaching reform, increasing management level and gradually setting up and perfecting the system of self-development and self-restrain so as to continuously improve education quality and increase schooling efficiency, the aement of undergraduate teaching adheres to the principle of \"promoting reform and establishment through aement, combining aement and establishment together with the emphasis laying on establishment\".There are three forms of aement: the first is the pa level teaching aement to the universities with comparatively weak basis and short history of undergraduate education￡? the second is the excellent level aement to the universities with good basis, high teaching level and a comparatively long history of undergraduate education; and the last one is the random level aement to the universities between pa level and excellent level.Since 1994, 146 HEIs with weak basis and short history of undergraduate education have undertook the pa level aement step by step and 10 key universities have undertook the excellent level aement.The development of teaching aement evoked intense repercuions among educational administrative departments and HEIs and played an important role in promoting the improvement of higher education quality.
在1993年,高等教育部门的前上次开始研究评估计划与实践教学评估。旨在帮助他实现识别他们的学校教育指导思想、改善教育状况,加强教学基本建设,深化教学改革,提高管理水平,逐步建立和完善系统的自我发展和自我约束,以不断提高教育质量和提高教育效率、评估本科教学坚持原则的“促进改革和机构通过评估,结合评估和建立重点一起躺在机构”。有三种形式的评估:第一个是通过水平的高校教学评估与相对较弱的基础和短暂历史的本科教育￡?第二个是优秀的水平评估的高校有良好的基础,高教学水平和相对历史悠久的大学本科教育;最后一个是随机水平评估的高校之间通过水平和优秀的水平。自1994年以来,146年他与基础薄弱和短暂历史的本科教育已经承担了通过水平评估一步一步和10个主要大学的高超水平进行了评估。教学评估的发展引发强烈反响教育行政部门和高校,发挥着重要作用,推动高等教育质量的提高。
8The importance attached to the research of higher education theory and directing teaching reform with scientific theory
8的重视高等教育研究的理论和教学改革以科学的理论指导
In
early l993, with other three departments, the Department of Higher Education of former SEdC jointly sponsored and organized research team for the task of \"On the research of theory for socialistic higher education with Chinese characteristics\".With the keys on what is the socialistic higher education with Chinese characteristics and how to establish such higher education, the team carried out their theoretical research.Supported by educational administrative departments at various levels, after four years\' endeavour, a number of important research achievements like \"the Theory keys of Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics\" have been made and aroused great influence in the higher education circle.After this research, in the light of development of our socialistic modernization construction and higher education reform and the historic opportunity of entering anew millenium for our human beings, MoE organized the research team for the task of \" Chinese Higher Education in 21st Century \" to continue the theoretical research on socialistic higher education with Chinese characteristics.
在早期的基本法草案,与其他三个部门,该部门的高等教育的共同发起和前上次研究小组的任务”的理论研究高等教育具有中国特色的社会主义”。用钥匙在什么是中国特色社会主义的高等教育,以及如何建立这样的高等教育,研究小组进行了理论研究。支持各级教育行政部门,经过四年的努力,许多重要的研究成果就像“高等教育理论键具有中国特色的“已经和引起极大的影响的高等教育圈。在这之后的研究,针对我们的社会主义现代化建设的发展和高等教育改革和历史性的机遇重新进入年对于我们人类,MoE组织研究小组的任务是“中国高等教育在21世纪的“继续理论研究具有中国特色的社会主义的高等教育。 9
The track of managing higher education through laws 9的轨道高等教育管理通过法律
On
29 August, 1998, the 4th conference of the 9th standing committee of National Congre paed the \"Higher Education Law of People\'s Republic of China\" which is implemented from 1 Jan, 1 999.Higher Education Law is the first complete higher education legal document in term of legislature.It is a law, which standardizes the internal and external complicated social re1ationship of higher education and its own activities.It is a basic law promulgated under the direction of the constitute and Education Law which laying the important foundation for the establishment of a systematic and perfect higher education legal system led by the Higher Education Law.
8月29日,1998年,第四届会议第九届全国代表大会常务委员会通过了“高等教育法律中华人民共和国实现从999年1月,1。高等教育法律是第一个完成高等教育法律文件在术语的立法机构。这是一个法律,规范了内部和外部的复杂的社会re1ationship高等教育和自己的活动。这是一个基本的法律颁布指导下构成和教育法律,奠定了重要基础,建立一个系统和完善高等教育法律体系高等教育领导的法律。
10
The aurance of further deepened reform through further improvement of schooling conditions
10的保证进一步深化改革通过进一步改善教育状况
With
the deepening of teaching reform, inadequate input in it has been an obstacle.In order to solve the problem, educational administrative departments at various levels and HEIs have actively explored the measures and ways to increase educational expenditure and improve schooling conditions.At present, the World Bank Loan Project, which is being carried out, will all together input $70 million to improve the experiment conditions for the basic courses in HEIs.Local governments at various levels have also take a serious of measures to expand the input to locaI HEIs to enhance the construction of disciplines, bases, curriculum, laboratory and library for HEIs, greatly improving the material
与深化教学改革,在它已经不足输入一个障碍。为了解决这个问题,各级教育行政部门和高校有积极探索的措施和方法来增加教育经费,提高教育条件。目前,世界银行贷款项目,这是贯彻执行,将一起输入7000万美元用于改善实验条件的基本课程在高校。地方各级政府也采取了一系列措施来扩大的输入locaI高校加强学科建设,基地,课程,为高校实验室和图书馆,大大提高了材料
conditions of these HEIs.
这些高校的条件。
The Construction Of Teaching Contingent
教师队伍的建设
From
the end of l980\'s to the early l990\'s, the problems of aging, lacking young teachers and low qualification have obviously shown up concerning the teaching contingent in HEIs.To change the situation, educational administrative departments at various levels and HEIs made different policies and took all kinds of measures, After l0 years unremitting efforts, all those problems have been solved primarily.
从l980年底的早期l990的,问题的老化,缺少年轻教师和低资格已经明显出现有关教学在高校队伍。为改变此现状,各级教育行政部门和高校让不同的政策,把各种各样的措施,在10年不懈努力,所有这些问题已经解决主要。
1With many young teachers replenished, the age structure of teachers\' contingent has been adjusted.A number of middle-aged and young teachers have gradually developed themselves and become the backbone teams in teaching and research.
1和许多青年教师补充,年龄结构的教师队伍已经被调整。大量的中青年教师已逐渐发展了自己和成为骨干团队在教学和研究。
2The policies relative to position promotion have been made and the position structure of teaching contingent has been adjusted.
这个政策相对位置推广已经和位置的结构已经调整教师队伍。
3The proportion of Ph.Ds and masters to be selected and remained in HEIs has been increased and the degree structure of teachers has been adjusted.
3 Ds的比例和硕士博士被选中和仍在增加,高校教师的学历结构得到调整。
4The knowledge structural of teachers has been adjusted through in-service training, offering in-service degree education, selecting teachers to go aboard for advanced studies and carrying out cooperative research.The teachers contingent is replenished and the development of new disciplines is promoted by recruiting the returning overseas students.
4知识结构的教师已经调整通过在职培训,提供在职学位教育,选择教师上船高级研究和开展合作研究。教师队伍是补充和发展新学科是被招募返回的海外学生。
The Industry, Teaching And Research In HEIs 这个行业,在高校教学和科研
In
recently years, taking full advantage of their talents, knowledge, science and technology, the HEIs emphasized the practical research and development in the light of economic construction of our country and made great effort to serve the central task of economic construction while at the same time strengthening the basic research.In addition, HEIs have taken part in the construction of science parks, establish high-tech enterprises run by HEIs and combine industry, teaching and research together to turn the scientific and research fruits into real productivity and spread them to the whole society.For example, with its own advantage of talents and technology, the Fourder Group run by Peking University not only revolutionized the printing industry of China, but also occupied 90% of the market of Chinese newspapers at home and aboard.The Group has its own master and doctoral training pilots, post-doctor mobilizing departments, national key laboratories and research centers for national projects, thus the integration of industry, teaching and research into reality.
在最近几年,充分利用他们的才能、知识、科学和技术,他强调实际研究和开发针对我国的经济建设做出了巨大的努力,为经济建设的核心任务,同时加强基础研究。此外,他参与了建设科学公园,建立高新技术企业由他和结合工业、教学和研究在一起把科学和研究成果为真正的生产力和传播到整个社会。例如,利用自身优势的人才和技术,Fourder集团由北京大学不仅彻底改变了中国的印刷行业,但也占据了90%的市场份额的中国报纸国内外。该集团有自己的硕士和博士训练飞行员、与工程从事博士后研究动员部门,国家重点实验室和研究中心为国家项目,因此一体化的产业、教学和研究变成现实。
Chinese government attaches great importance to the international cooperation and exchanges of higher education.Since the reform and opening up to the outside world in 1978, international cooperation and exchanges of higher education have become more and more active and achieved fruitful results.In the past 20 years, China has established educational cooperative and exchanges relationship with 154 countries and areas, sent 300, 000 students to go aboard for study to more than l00 countries and areas, received 210, 000 foreign students from 160 countries and areas, sent 1800 teachers and experts to teach aboard and employed 40, 000 foreign teachers and experts.Recently, through the reform of sending and management of overseas students, Chinese government adopted the policy of \"supporting overseas studies, encouraging overseas students to come back after they complete their studies and guaranteeing their freedom of coming and go\" to encourage the overseas students to come back and serve the country in various forms after they finish their studies.By opening to the outside world, we broadly learn the useful foreign experience, promote the reform and development of our higher education and enhance mutual understanding and friendship between China and other countries.
中国政府高度重视国际合作与交流的高等教育。改革开放以来外部世界在1978年,国际合作与交流的高等教育已成为越来越多的活动,取得了丰硕的成果。在过去的20年中,中国已经建立了教育合作与交流关系,与154个国家和地区派出300学生出国学习到超过l00国家和地区,收到了210的外国学生来自160个国家和地区,派出1800名教师和专家教登上和雇佣了40 000外籍教师和专家。最近,从改革发送和管理的海外学生,中国政府采取的政策,”支持海外研究,鼓励海外学生回来之后他们完成学业,保证他们的自由的未来,去“鼓励海外学生回来、为国服务以各种形式在他们完成他们的学业。通过打开到外面的世界,我们广泛学习有用的国外经验,促进改革和发展我国高等教育和增进相互了解和友谊中国和其他国家。
