高中英语课文原文及部分翻译1

必修1 第一单元

Reading 阅读

ANNE’S BEST FRIEND

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮最好的朋友

你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。

Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。

Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.„For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…

„Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne 1944年6月15日，星期四

亲爱的基蒂：

我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。

„„比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我都不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚„„

„„不幸的是„„我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。 你的安妮

Using Language

语言运用

Reading and listening

读与听

1 Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Mi Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Mi Wang will say.After listening, check and discu her advice.Dear Mi Wang, I am having some trouble with my clamates at the moment.I’m getting along well with a boy in my cla.We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other.We have become really good friends.But other students have started goiping.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.This has made me angry.I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others goiping.What should I do? Yours, Lisa 1 读读琳达为青少年写给电台王小组的这封信，然后王小姐可能会怎么说。听完录音之后，核对并讨论她的建议。 亲爱的王小姐：

现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？ 你的莉萨

Reading and writing

读与写

Mi Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong.He is also asking for some advice.Read the letter on the right carefully and help Mi Wang answer it.王小姐收到小冬的一封来信。小冬是要征求一些意见。仔细阅读右边的信，然后帮王小姐回复。 Dear Mi Wang, I’m a student from Huzhou Senior High School.I have a problem.I’m not very good at communicating with people.Although I try to talk to my clamates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.So I feel quite lonely sometimes.I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.Yours, Xiaodong 亲爱的王小姐：

我是湖州高中的一名学生，我有一个难题，我不大善于与人们交际。虽然我试着和班上的同学交谈，但是，我还是很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分的孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 你的小东

2 Decide which are the best ideas and put them into an order.Then write down your advice and explain how it will help.Each idea can make one paragraph.The following sample and the expreions may help you Dear Xiaodong, I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you follow my advice.Here are some tips to help you.First, why not…? If you do this,…

Secondly, you could / can … Then / That way, …

Thirdly, it would be a good idea if … By doing this, …

I hope you will find these ideas useful.Yours Mi Wang 2 决定哪些是最好并把它们按顺序组织起来。然后把你的建议写出来，并解释它为什么会有所帮助。每个想法可以自成一个段落。下面的例子和表达可能对你有所帮助。 亲爱的小冬：

很遗憾听说你在交朋友的过程中遇到了困难。但是，如果你听听我的建议，这种情况是很容易改变的。这些建议会对你有所帮助。 第一，为什么不„„呢？ 如果你这样做„„

第二，你可以„„ 这样的话„„

第三，如果„„那将是个不错的主意。 通过做„„

我希望你会发现这些想法对你有所帮助。 你的王小姐

LEARNING TIP 学习建议

It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.It can help you remember past events.You can expre your feelings and thoughts in it.It will help you improve your English if you write your diary in English.Why not have a try?

写日记对你来说是一个好习惯。它可以帮你记住一些过去发生的事件。你还可以在日记中表达你的情感和思想。如果你用英语写日记的话，还可以帮助你提高英语水平。为什么不试一试呢？

第二单元

Reading 阅读

THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before. 通向现代英语之路

在16世纪末，大约有五至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有这些讲英语的人都住在英格兰。在其后的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，结果世界的其他地方的人们也开始说英语了。今天，把英语作为自己的第一语言、第二语言或外语来使用的人比以往任何时候都多。

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.

以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。请看看这个例子：

英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？

美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became le like German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢？实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。开始，英格兰人在大约公元450年到1150年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，不像我们现在说的英语。后来，大约在公元800年至1150年之间，英语慢慢变得不那么像德语，因为统治英格兰的那些人开始是说丹麦语，后来说法语。这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。所以到17世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何时候都丰富的词汇。1620年一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了18世纪的时候，一些英国人还被带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始在这两个国家使用。

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后到19世纪的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很大的变化：先是塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了《美国英语词典》。后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特的个性。 English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语或第二语言使用。比如，印度就有很多人说英语说得很流利，因为在1765年到1947年之间英国统治着印度。在此期间，英语成了印度政府和教育所用的语言。在新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的南非，人们现在也说英语。当今，在中国学英语的人数正在快速增加，事实上，中国可能是学英语人数最多的国家。中国式英语是否也能发展成一种具有自己独特个性的语言？这还有待时间去证明。

Using Language 语言运用

STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expreions different form ―standard language‖, it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.When Americans moved form one place to another, they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。

当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美国有些地区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。

地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言。虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。

Reading and speaking 读与说

1 Amy and her American friends are visiting London.They plan to visit Amy’s aunt and decide to go there by underground, but cannot find the nearest underground station.So she asks directions and then tells her friends.Read the dialogue and circle the words that mean the same. 1 艾米和她的美国朋友正在参观伦敦。她们计划去拜访艾米的姑妈，并决定乘地铁去，但是她们找不到最近的地铁站。所以她问问了路，然后告诉她的朋友。读对话，然后圈出意思相同的词。

AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ma.Could you tell me where the nearest subways is?

LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cro two streets.It’ll be on your right-hand side.AMY: Thanks so much.FRIENDS: What did she say, Amy? AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.The subway will be on our right.艾米：对不起，夫人，你能告诉我去最近的地铁站怎么走吗？

夫人：呃„„地铁？哦，往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右边。

艾米：多谢了。

朋友：艾米，她说什么？

艾米：她叫我们往左边拐过去，一直往前走，走过两条街，地铁就是右边。 【意思相同的词】

subway←→underground （地铁） right-hand side←→right （右边） street←→block 街道，街区

第三单元

Travel journal JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN

My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.After graduating from college.we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, \"Where are we going?\" It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.

I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn\'t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now, I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, \"When are we leaving and when are we coming back?\" I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course, she hadn\'t; my sister doesn\'t care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.

Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it paes through deep valleys, travelling acro western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and the high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide，brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.

沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分 梦想与计划

我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一辆。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟—在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流经其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅行产生了兴趣。到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。现在，她正为这次旅行制订计划。

我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执。尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽美。现在我知道了这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我老是问她：“我们什么时候动身？什么时候回来？”我问她是否已经看过地图。当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神—这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。当我告诉她我们的旅行将从5000多米的的高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难，而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。

在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到了一本大型的地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡谷。我们惊奇的发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地后，湄公河就变宽，变暖了。河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减慢，河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到了长着稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。

Reading and discuing

JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG

PART 2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS

Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? That\'s what we looked like! Along the way children dreed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze.However,the lakes shone like gla in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I did\'t need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us,we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green gra.At this point we had to change our caps,coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts. In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind-only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.

We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon,where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!

Unit 4 Earthquakes

Reading

A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN\'T SLEEP

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervois to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on july 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.but the one million people of the city,who thiught little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.

At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut acro houses,roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dir.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.

But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city\'s hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now usele pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million oigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.people begab to wonder how long the disaster would last.

All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city bu train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.

Office of the City Government

Tangshan,Hebei

China

July5,2007

Dear____,

Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!

Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.The park will also honour those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to have you speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am.As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty-____years ago.

We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.

Sincerely,

Zhang Sha

Unit 5

ELIAS’ STORY

My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.

I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However, this was a time when one had got to have a pabook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.

The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told my how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:

“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progre, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‖

It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said:

“„we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were le important or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.

THE REST OF ELIAS\' STORY

You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.It was a prison from which no one escaped.There I spent the hardest time of my life.But when I got there Nelsom Mandela was also there and he helped me.Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.I became a good student.I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that.Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.They were not cleverer than me , but they did pa their exams.So I knwe I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself.

When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job.Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.However, the police found out and told my bo that I had been in prinson for blowing up government buildings.So I lost my job.I did not work again for twenty years until M r Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.All that time my wife and children had to beg for good and help from relatives or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Islannd.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.

必修2 unit1

IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM

Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Pruia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Ruian people would have such an amazing history .This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it .The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey .The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days .It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country\'s best artists about ten years to make .

In fact , the room was not made to be a gift .It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ.However, the next King of Pruia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great.In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.So the Amber Room because part of the Czar\'s winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors .

Later,Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted .Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold.Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now miing .

In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg .This was a time when the two countries were at war .Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Ruians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room .However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself .In le than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs .There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea .After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery .

Recently , the Ruians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace .By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city .

A FACT OR AN OPINION?

What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No.A fact is anything that can be proved.For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.This is a fact.

Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial.For example, it is an opinion if you say ―Cats are better pets than dogs‖.It may be true, but it is difficult to prove.Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.

In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnees to believe and which not to believe.The judge does not consider what each eyewitne looks like or where that person lives or works.He/she only cares about whether the eyewitne has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions.This kind of information is called evidence.

Unit 2

AN INTERVIEW

Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games.He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.

P: My name is Pausanias.I lived in what you call ―Ancient Greece‖ and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.I’ve come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?

L: Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like.What would you like to know?

P: How often do you hold your Games?

L: Every four years.There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.They may come from anywhere in the world.

P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses?

L: Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events.Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice.That’s why they’re called the Winter Olympics.It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.

P: I see.Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!

L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough.There are over 250 sports and each on has its own standard.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and …

P: Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even women taking part! Where are all the athletes housed?

L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.

P: That sounds very expensive.Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?

L: As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity.It’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China.Did you know that?

P: Oh yes! You must be very proud.

L: Certainly.And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London.They have already started planning for it.A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.New medals will be designed of course and …

P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced! Oh dear! Do you compete for prize money too?

L: No, we don’t.it’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further.That’s the motto of the Olympics, you know-―Swifter, Higher and Stronger.‖

P: Well, that’s good news.How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.

THE STORY OF ATLANTA

Atlanta was a Greek prince.She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.But she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the Olympic Games.She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain with him.She said to him,\"These are my rules.When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him.If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed.No one will be pardoned.\"

Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta, but when they heard of rules they knew it was hopele.So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race.There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta\'s rules,\"Why are these men so foolish?\" he thought.\"Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this prince?\" However, when she saw Atlanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind.\"I will marry Atlanta--or die!\" he said.

The race started and although the man ran very fast, Atlanta ran faster.As Hippomenes watched he thought, \"How can I run as fast as Atlanta?\" He went to ask the Greek Godne of Love for help.She promised to help him and gave him three golden apples.She said,\" Throw an apple in front of Atlanta when she is running past.When she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run past her and win.\"

Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King.He said,\" I want to marry Atlanta .\" The King was sad to see another man die, but Hippomenes said,\" I will marry her------or die!\" So the race began.

Unit 3

WHO AM I?

Over time I have been changed quite a lot.I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could ―think‖ logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my ―artificial intelligence‖.In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a ―universal machine‖ to solve any difficult mathematical problem.From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.By the 1949s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger.However, this reality also worried my designers.As time went by, as was make smaller.First as a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.

These changes only became poible as my memory improved.First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips.As a result I totally changed my shape.As I have grown older I have also grown smaller.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for my.I have become very important in communication, finance and trade.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.I am now truly filled with happine that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!

ANDY – THE ANDROID

I’m part of an android football team.About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football.I’m as big as a human.It fact, I look like one too.On the football team I’m a striker so I have to be able to run very fast.My computer ships help me to move and think like a human.For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good for a goal.

My first football competition was in Nagoya, Japan several years ago.Last year our team went to Seattle, Washington in the USA.We won second place.Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated.They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too.We are determined to create an even better system.In a way our programmer is like our coach.She programs us with all the poible moves she has seen while watching human games.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.In this way I can make up new moves using my ―artificial intelligence‖.I could like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like them.After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about!

Unit 4 HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE

Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed.―Where do you want to go?‖ it asked.Daisy responded immediately.―I’d like to see some endangered wildlife,‖ she said.―Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.‖ At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet.There daisy saw and antelope looking sad.It said, ―We’re being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you.As a result, we are now an endangered species.‖ At that Daisy cried, ―I’m sorry I didn’t know that.I wonder what is being done to help you.Flying carpet, please show me a place where there’s some wildlife protection.‖

The flying carpet traveled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by and elephant.―Have you come to take my photo?‖ it asked.In relief Daisy burst into laughter.―Don’t laugh,‖ said the elephant, ―We used to be an endangered species.Farmers hunted us without mercy.They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies.So the government decided to help.They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing.So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.‖

Daisy smiled, ―That’s good news.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.‖ The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest.A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself.―What are you doing?‖ asked Daisy.―I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes,‖ it replied.When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body.It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live the appreciate how the animals live together.No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.‖

Daisy was amazed.―Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producing this new drug.Monkey, please come and help.‖ The monkey agreed.The carpet flew home.As they landed, things began to disappear.Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey, too.So Daisy was not able to make her new drug.But what an experience! She had learned so much! And there was always WWF…

ANIMAL EXTINCTION

Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth.The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs.They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.

There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China.The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia,County,Nanyang, Henan Province.Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County,Liaoning Province.When scientists inspeacted the bones,they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.

Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago.Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs

to live on any more.Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.

We know many other wild plants, animals,insects and birds have died out more recently.According to a UN report,some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.The dodo is one of them.It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal.Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared frome the earth.

Unit 5

THE BAND THAT WASN’T

Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Lin Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.But just how do people form a band?

Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music in someone’s hours is the first step to fame.Sometimes they may play to paers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!

However, there was one band hat started in a different way.It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the beatles.The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing.They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough.They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.

As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing.Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by clubs in order to get more familiar with them.Each week on TV, the Mondees would play and sing songs written by other musicians.However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.Then they produced their own records and started touring and play their own music.In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records.The band broke up about 1970, but happily the reunited in the mid-1980s.they produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.

FREDDY THE FROG(II)

Not long after Freddy and the band became famous,they visited Britain on a brief tour.Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tichkets for their concerts.Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall.He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards!His most exciting invitation was to perform on a programme called \"Top of the Pops.\"He had to go to London,wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera.It felt very strange.But as soon as the programme was over,the telephones which were in the same room started ringing.Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again.They were truly stars.

Then things went wrong.Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.Even when they wore sunglaes or beards people recognized them.Fans found them even when they went into the toilet.They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries,but it was usele.Someone was always there!Their personal life was regularly discued by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.At last feeling very upset and sensitive,Freddy and his band to which they were never to return,and went back to the lake.

必修3 unit1

Festivals and celebrations

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebratewould be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find,especially during the cold winter months.Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious,some seasonal, and some for special people or events.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors,who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival.Obon,people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico,people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.On this impoutant feast day,people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with‖bones‖on them.They offer food,flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children’s festival,when they can dre up and to to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets.Ifthe neighbours do not give any sweets,the children might play a trick on them.

Festivals to Honour People

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people .The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet,Qu Yuan.In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World.India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi,the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.

Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.In European countries,people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit,and will get together to have meals.Some people might win awards for their farm produce,like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals,when people admire the moon and in China,enjoy mooncakes.

Spring Festivals

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.At the Spring Festival in China,people eat dumplings,fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.There are dragon dances and carnivals,and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals,which take place forty days before Easter,usually in February.These carnivals might include parades,dancing in the streets day and night,loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians aroud the world.It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.Japan’s Cherry Bloom Festival happens a little later.The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.

People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each other.Festivals let us enjoy life,be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while

A SAD LOVE STORY

Li Fang was heart-broken.It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.But she didn’t turn up.She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool.Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.He would drown his sadne in coffee.

It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.

The granddaughter of the Godde of Heaven visted the earth.Her name was Zhinü,the weaving girl.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(―Just like me and Hu Jin,‖thought Li Fang.)They got married secretly, and they were very happy.(―We could be like that,‖thought Li Fang.)When the Godde of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven.Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars,the Milly Way, stopped him.Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cro the Milky Way to meet once a year.Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cro the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.

The announcer said,‖This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story.It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.‖

As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,‖I gue Hu Jin doesn’t love me .I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away.I don’t want them to remind me of her.‖ So he did.

As he sadly paed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him.There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , ―why are you so late?I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!‖

What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts!She would never forgive him.This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!

必修3 UNIT2 COME AND EAT HERE (1)

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.It had been a very strange morning.Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-flied vegetables and fried rice.Then by lunchtime they would all be sold.By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil.His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit.\"Nothing could be better,\" he thought.Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by.\"Hello, Lao Li,\" he called.\"Your usual?\" But Li Chang seemed not to hear.What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.

Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant.He saw a sign in the window.

Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?

Come inside Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.

Make yourself thin again!

Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.It was full of people.The hoste, a very thin lady, came forward.\"Welcome,\" she said.\"My name is Yong Hui.I\'ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.\" Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng.There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water.Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices.It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his eyes.He threw down the menu and hurried outside.On his way home he thought about his own menu.Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! He had better do some research!

At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little.Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit.They would become tired very quickly.Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home.Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.So he wrote:

Want to feel fit and energetic?

Come and eat here! Discounts today!

Our food gives you energy all day!

The competition between the two restaurants was on!

到这里来用餐吧（1）

王鹏做在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。这个上午真是怪的很。通常他很早就起床，准备他的菜肴—烤羊肉串、烤猪肉、炒菜和炒饭。然后到午饭时分，这些菜都会卖完。到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的，但今天却不是！为什么会这样？发生了什么事？他想起了他用滚烫的精制油烹制的羊肉串、牛排和腊肉。他的可乐又甜又冷，冰激凌用牛奶、奶油和水果制成的。他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了”。突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。他喊道，“喂，老李！你还是吃老一套的吧？”可是李昌似乎没有听到。怎么会事呢？要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。

王鹏跟着李昌来到街尾一家新开张的小餐馆。窗子上的标牌写着这样一些字：“肥腻的东西吃厌了吧！想变瘦吗？请到雍慧减肥餐馆来。此地只供应减肥食品，让你恢复苗条！”

王鹏受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。里面坐满了人。店老板，一个清瘦的女人走上前来说道：“欢迎光临！我叫雍慧。您要是每天来这儿用餐，我可以保证在两周内去掉您的全部脂肪，”然后，她递给王鹏一张菜谱，菜谱上有很少几样食物和饮料：米饭、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。王鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对它们的价格。这比在他的餐馆里吃一顿好饭花的钱还要多。他几乎不能相信他的眼睛！他甩了菜谱就急急往外走。在回家的路上，他想起了自己的菜谱。那些菜让人发胖了吗？也许他该去图书馆查查看。他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。他最好做一番调查！

在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现，他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太低。尽管顾客吃她的餐馆里的饭会变得苗条，但他们摄取不到足够的热量来保持健康，很快就会感到疲乏。开车回家时，王鹏觉得又有了希望。也许写个新的标牌、打点折，能够帮他赢回顾客！于是他写下了他的标牌：

“想保持苗条、健康又精力旺盛吗？

到这里来用餐吧！今天打折！

我们的食物能够给您提供一整天所需的热量！”

这两家餐馆之间的竞争开始了！

COME AND EAT HERE(2)

A week later, Wang Peng\' s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier.Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in.She did not look happy but glared at him.\" May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu,\" she shouted.\" Please excuse me,\" he calmly explained,\" I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week.I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant.I don\' t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.Why don\' t you sit down and try a meal?\"

Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic.When they were served the ice cream,Yong Hui began to look ill.\"I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,\"she said,\"I mi my vegetables and fruit.\"Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.\" Yes,\" he added,\" and I would mi my dumplings and fatty pork.Don\'t you get tired quickly?\"\"Well,I do have to rest a lot,\"admitted Yong Hui.\"But don\'t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you \' d feel much healthier.\"

They began to talk about menus and balanced diets.\" According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,\" explained Wang Peng.\" I don\' t offer enough fibre and you don\' t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food.Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.\" So that is what they did.They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than frying them.They served fresh fruit with the ice cream.In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.Their balanced diets became- such a succe that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.After some time the two found that their busine cooperation had turned into a personal one.Finally they got married and lived happily ever after! 到这里来用餐吧（2）

一周后，王鹏的餐馆几乎坐满了人，他感到高兴些了。也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。他微笑地站在门口热情地迎接他的客人。但他一见到雍慧走进来，脸上的笑容马上就消失了。雍慧瞪着他，看上去不太高兴。“请问你那天到我餐馆里来干什么？”她大声问道，“我本来以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的。”王鹏心平气和地解释说，“很对不起，上周我想知道我的顾客是上哪儿吃饭去了。我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你的菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆食物的好处。你为什么不坐下吃顿饭呢？”

雍慧同意留下来。没过一会，他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉及胸。当要吃冰激凌时，雍慧开始感到不舒服了。她说，“吃了这么多油腻的、难消化的食物，我都觉得恶心了。我想吃我的蔬菜和水果。”这时候，王鹏正在吃第二盘饺子，他叹了一口气，说道，“同样地，（如果在你的餐馆）我还想吃我的饺子和肥肉呢。你不觉得自己很容易疲乏么？”“是的，我的确经常需要休息；”雍慧承认了，“不过，难道你不认为你瘦一点更好么？我相信，那样你会觉得更健康些。”

他们开始谈论菜谱和平衡膳食的问题。王鹏解释道，“我的研究表明，你我两家所提供的都不是平衡膳食。我没有提供足够的纤维食物，而你提供的食物没有足够的营养和热量。也许我们应该把我们的想法综合起来，作出一份富于营养、热量和纤维的平衡食谱。”于是，他们就照此做了。他们用生蔬菜配汉堡包，煮土豆不是油炸土豆，还拿新鲜水果配上冰激凌。这样，他们减少了饭菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。他们的平衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍慧却胖了，过了不久，这两个人发现，他们生意上的合作变成了私人的合作了。最后，他们结了婚，过上了幸福美满的生活。

必修3 Unit 3

THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE

Act I, Scene 3 NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.His brother Roderick doubts it.At this moment, they see a pennile young man wandering on the pavement outside their house.It is Henry Adams, an American busineman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK:

Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY:

Who? Me, sir? RODERICK:

Yes, you.OLIVER:

Through the front door on your left.HENRY:

(A servant opens a door) Thanks.SERVANT:

Good morning, sir.Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.

OLIVER:

(Henry enters) Thank you, James.That will be all.RODERICK:

How do you do, Mr ...er ...? HENRY:

Adams.Henry Adams.OLIVER:

Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY:

Thank you.RODERICK:

You\'re an American?

HENRY:

That\'s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK:

How well do you know London? HENRY:

Not at all, it\'s my first trip here.RODERICK:

I wonder, Mr Adams, if you\'d mind us asking a few questions.HENRY:

Not at all.Go right ahead.RODERICK:

May we ask what you\'re doing in this country and what your plans are? HENRY:

Well, I can\'t say that I have any plans.I\'m hoping to find work.As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.OLIVER:

How is that poible? HENRY:

Well, you see, back home I had my own boat.About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay ...(his eyes stare at what is left of the brother\'s dinner on table) OLIVER:

Well, go on.HENRY:

Oh, yes.Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault.I didn\'t know whether I could survive until morning.The next morning I\'d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER:

And it was the ship that brought you to England.HENRY:

Yes.The fact is that I earned my paage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.I went to the American embay to seek help, but ...(The brothers smile at each other.) RODERICK: Well, you mustn\'t worry about that.It\'s an advantage.HENRY:

I\'m afraid I don\'t quite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America? HENRY:

I worked for a mining company.Could you offer me some kind of work here? RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams.If you don\'t mind, may I ask you how much money you have? HENRY:

Well, to be honest, I have none.OLIVER:

(happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together) HENRY:

Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact.If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don\'t think it\'s very funny.(Henry stands up to leave) Now if you\'ll excuse me, I think I\'ll be on my way.RODERICK:

Please don\'t go, Mr Adams~ You mustn\'t think we don\'t care about you.Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER:

Yes, the letter.(gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY:

(taking it carefully) For me? RODERICK:

For you.(Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn\'t open it.Not yet.You can\'t open it until two o\'clock.HENRY:

Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly.There\'s money in it.(calls to the servant) James? HENRY:

Oh, no.I don\'t want your charity.I just want an honest job.RODERICK: We know you\'re hard-working.That\'s why we\'ve given you the letter.James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER:

Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY:

Well, why don\'t you explain what this is all about? RODERICK: You\'ll soon know.(looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT:

This way, sir.RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o\'clock.Promise? HENRY:

Promise.Goodbye.

THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE

Act I, Scene 4

(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decides to go in.He sits down at a table next to the front window.) OWNER:

(seeing Henry\'s poor appearance) That one\'s reserved.This way, please.(to the waiter) Take this gentleman\'s order, Horace.HENRY:

(after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I\'d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak.Make it extra thick.I\'d also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple

deert.WAITER:

Right, sir.I\'m afraid it\'ll cost a large amount of money.HENRY:

I understand.And I\'ll have a large gla of beer.WAITER:

OK.(The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.) HOSTESS: My goodne! Why, look at him.He eats like a wolf.OWNER:

We\'ll see if he\'s clever as a wolf, eh? HENRY:

(having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter.(waiter returns) Same thing again, please.Oh, and another beer.WAITER:

Again? Everything? HENRY:

Yes, that\'s right.(sees the look on the waiter\'s face) Anything wrong? WAITER:

No, not at all.(to the owner) He\'s asked for more of the same.OWNER:

Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot.Well, we\'ll have to take a chance.Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER:

(reading the bill after the meal) All right.That\'s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glaes of beer, two cups of coffee and two deerts.HENRY:

(looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few minutes? WAITER:

(in a rude manner) What\'s there to wait for? OWNER:

All right, Horace.I\'ll take care of this.HENRY:

(to owner) That was a wonderful meal.It\'s amazing how much pleasure you get out of tile simple things in life, especially if you can\'t have them for a while.OWNER:

Yes, very interesting.Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your bill I can help the other customers.HENRY:

(looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it\'s two o\'clock.(he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands.Henry is surprised but the owner and waiter are shocked) I\'m very sorry.But ...I ...I don\'t have anything smaller.OWNER:

(still shocked and nervous) Well ..er ...just one moment.Maggie, look! (the hoste screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth) Do you think it\'s genuine? HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don\'t know.I simply don\'t know.OWNER:

Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had iued two notes in this amount ...Anyway, I don\'t think it can be a fake.People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount.No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he\'s in rags! OWNER:

Perhaps he\'s a very strange, rich man.(as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it! HOSTESS: (hits her husband\'s arm) And you put him in the back of the restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER:

(to Henry) I\'m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY:

But it\'s all I have on me.OWNER:

Oh, please, don\'t worry, sir.Doesn\'t matter at all.We\'re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place.Indeed, sir, I hope you\'ll come here whenever you like.HENRY:

Well, that\'s very kind of you.OWNER:

Kind, sir? No, it\'s kind of you.You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY:

Forget it? Well ...thank you very much.That\'s very nice of you.OWNER:

Oh, it\'s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottom of my heart.(The owner, hoste and waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)

必修3 Unit 4 HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH

No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a \"Big Bang\" that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.

For several billion years after the \"Big Bang\", the earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth\'s atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to diolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.This produced a chain reaction, which made it poible for life to develop.

Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next, green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals.Some were insects.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.They produced young enerally by laying eggs.After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.This disappearance made poible the rise of mammals on the earth.These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.

Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

A VISIT TO THE MOON

Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.We visited the moon in our spaceship!

Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth\'s gravity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Gradually the weight leened and I was able to talk to him.\"Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.\" I asked.\"We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,\" he explained, \"so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth\'s.\" I cheered up immediately and floated weightlely around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.\"Come on,\" I said.\"If you are right, my ma will be le than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh le!\" I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.\"Oh dear,\" I cried, \"walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.\" After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

Leaving the moon\'s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth\'s.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth\'s gravity increased.Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.\"That was very exhausting but very exciting too,\" I said.\"Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?\" \"Of course,\" he smiled, \"which star would you like to go to?\"

必修3 Unit 5 A TRIP ON \"THE TRUE NORTH\"

Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east acro Canada.The thought that they could cro the whole continent was exciting.

Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport.He was going to take them and their baggage to catch \"The True North\", the cro-Canada train.On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.\"You\'re going to see some great scenery.Going eastward, you\'ll pa mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities.Some people have the idea that you can cro Canada in le than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.Here in Vancouver, you\'re in Canada\'s warmest part.People say it is Canada\'s most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada\'s most popular cities to live in.Its population is increasing rapidly.The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.\"

That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.Earlier that day, when they croed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede.Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede.Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.

After two days\' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada\'s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world.In fact, it has one-third of the world\'s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.

That night as they slept, the train rushed acro the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.

“THE TURE NORTH‖FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL

The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.

Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada.They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.They went up the tall CN Tower and looked acro the lake.In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.

They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams.As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, \"Lin Fei, one of my mother\'s old schoolmates, lives here.I should phone her from a telephone booth.\"

They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto.Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier.\"We can get good Cantonese food here,\" Lin Fei told them, \"because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong.It\'s too bad you can\'t go as far as Ottawa, Canada\'s capital.It\'s approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.\"

The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning.At the station, people everywhere were speaking French.There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters.\"We don\'t leave until this evening,\" said Liu Qian.\"Let\'s go downtown.Old Montreal is close to the water.\" They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water.As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.

\"Hello, my name is Henri.I\'m a student at the university nearby,\" he said, \"and I was wondering where you are from.\" The girls told him they were on a train trip acro Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.\"That\'s too bad,\" he said.\"Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs.Most of us speak both English and French, but the city has French culture and traditions.We love good coffee, good bread and good music.\"

That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast, the cousins dreamed of French restaurants and red maple leaves.

必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE

It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane\'s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.Then we follow as they wander into the forest.Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.

Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.However, this was not easy.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.Her work changed the way people think about chimps.For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.

For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.She is leading a busy life but she says: \"Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It\'s terrible.It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, \'Aren\'t they lucky?\" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.Once you have seen that you can never forget ...\"

She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor\'s degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.

WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.

By chance I came acro an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women\'s diseases.She lived from 1901 to 1983.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.One of them caught my eye.It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickne.Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girls\' education was always placed second to boys\'.Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.What made her succeed later on was the kindne and consideration she showed to all her patients.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day\'s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.

By now I could not wait to find out more about her.I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….

必修4 Unit 2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE

Although he is one of China\'s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.This special strain of rice makes it poible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.

Born into a poor farmer\'s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world\'s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other le developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn\'t care about being famous.He feels it gives him le freedom to do his research.He would much rather keep time for his hobbles.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.

Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.

CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?

Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people\'s health.

What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people\'s bodies over time.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnees.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.

With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.

Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground\'s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.Some organic farmers prefer planting gra between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year\'s crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people\'s health.

必修4 Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR

As Victor Hugo once said, \"Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face\", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depreed, so they could feel more content with their lives.

Not that Charlie\'s own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining.

As time went by, he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.The tramp, a poor, homele man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat.He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick.This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.

How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush.It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California.Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without succe.Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe.He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!

Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films.He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.

ENGLISH JOKES

1 There are thousands of jokes which use \"play on words\" to amuse us.One person asks a question which expects a particular reply.Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny.Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes.Can you match the joke with the explanation?

C: What\'s that fly doing in my soup?

W: Swimming, I think! 2

C: What\'s that?

W: It\'s bean soup.C: I don\'t want to know what it\'s been.I want to know what it is now.3

C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?

W: No, sir.Round.

Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story.The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor Watson.Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better.Give your reasons.

Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area.They were lying in the open air under the stars.Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered, \"Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?\" Watson replied, \"I think of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.\" \"No, no, Watson!\" Holmes said.\"What do you really think of?.\" Watson tried again.\"I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.\" \"Try again, Watson!\" said Holmes.Watson tried a third time.\"I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.\" Holmes said, \"Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!\"

必修4 Unit 4 COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university\'s student aociation, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year\'s international students.They were coming to study at Beijing University.We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.

The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised.Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kied her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.I gueed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George\'s moving hand.They both apologizednot all members of a culture behave in the same way.In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today\'s world of cultural croroads!

SHOWING OUR FEELINGS

Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language.People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud.It is poible to \"read\" others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.

The most universal facial expreion is, of course, the smile – its function is to show happine and put people at ease.It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however.Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone \"loses face\" and smiles to hide it.However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.

From the time we are babies, we show unhappine or anger by frowning.In most places around the world, frowning and turning one\'s back to someone shows anger.Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.

There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide.Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.

How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested.If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.

Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a bo or teacher.In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.

With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!

必修4 Unit 5

THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUN

Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!

The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.It can be found in several parts of the world.It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops.With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world.Dollywood shows and celebrates America\'s traditional southeastern culture.Although Dollywood has rides, the park\'s main attraction is its culture.Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres.People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, gla and iron objects in the old-fashioned way.Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA.You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world\'s largest bald eagle preserve.And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead.It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space.Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America\'s historical southeastern culture!

If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England\'s Camelot Park is the place for you.Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard.If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit.If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament.Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!

FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNING

Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole.Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle.After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight.For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world.I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!

I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope.Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world.This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology.Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond.Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system.The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors.Learning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much mote.

I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park\'s entrance, but tickets are also available online.Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for cla outings.Claes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admiion rate.For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park.If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway.Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all.Come ready to walk a lotso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.

He became interested in two theories that poibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.

First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame.

Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.

In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally \"King Cholera\" was defeated.

COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY

Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.

The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at times and le bright at others.This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.

Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only his new theory could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.

In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also

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