Week12 目的：了解勃朗特三姐妹及《呼啸山庄》的叙述手法和主题情节等
Procedures
1.After students have read Wuthering Heights, review its plot and major characters with the cla.You may choose to ask students to summarize each chapter.Write the names of characters on the board as they are introduced.When each chapter has been summarized, ask the cla to brainstorm words and phrases that describe the characters.
2.Divide the cla into two groups and aign each one a theme (see step #3).Explain that each group must answer questions about their theme.Then each group will have one cla period to prepare a unit on their theme and another cla period to teach it to the cla.
3.Give each group the questions below:
Theme: The Role of Social Cla
o Describe the social cla of the Earnshaws, the Lintons, and Heathcliff.Which are of a higher social cla? Why is this significant?
o How does social cla motivate Catherine\'s actions? How does she try to change her cla?
o How does Heathcliff\'s social cla influence the way he is treated and his own actions? How does Heathcliff\'s cla change?
o What is the role of cla in the novel? How do tensions in the book result from cla struggles?
o What role do the servants Nelly, Joseph, and Zillah play in the novel? Theme: The Significance of Setting
o Describe the setting of the Yorkshire moors.
o Describe the houses Wuthering Heights and Thrushcro Grange.Include descriptions of architecture and the surrounding landscape. o How do the houses reflect their inhabitants?
o Do the houses symbolize their inhabitants? Give examples. o How do the settings influence the novel\'s characters?
4.Have student groups develop a unit based on their theme.Each should begin with an overview of the theme; answers to the questions above should suffice.Each unit will also include a creative or visual presentation, such as posters or drawings, a reenactment of a scene, or a presentation of modern parallels.The groups should prepare questions that will encourage the cla to participate in a discuion.
5.Have each group teach their theme-based unit.
1.quiz.1.Who is the author of the novel? a.错误！未找到引用源。Margaret Mitchell b.错误！未找到引用源。Emily Bronte c.错误！未找到引用源。Charlotte Bronte d.错误！未找到引用源。Agatha Christie
2.When was the first edition published? a.错误！未找到引用源。1847 b.错误！未找到引用源。1947 c.错误！未找到引用源。1897 d.错误！未找到引用源。1997
3.The novel is a:
a.错误！未找到引用源。Murder Mystery
b.错误！未找到引用源。Romantic Historical Fiction c.错误！未找到引用源。Gothic Realistic Fiction d.错误！未找到引用源。Detective Fiction
4.What are the basic themes found in the novel? a.错误！未找到引用源。Kindne towards orphans
b.错误！未找到引用源。Destructivene of love that never alters c.错误！未找到引用源。Romantic entanglements d.错误！未找到引用源。Uncertainty of social claes 5.Who are the protagonists of the story? a.错误！未找到引用源。Heathcliff b.错误！未找到引用源。Edgar Linton c.错误！未找到引用源。Catherine d.错误！未找到引用源。Nelly Dean
6.The novel begins with the words:
a.错误！未找到引用源。\"Mr.Lockwood, your new tenant, sir.\" b.错误！未找到引用源。\"Mr.Heathcliff! I said.\"
c.错误！未找到引用源。\"I have just returned from a visit to my landlord...\" d.错误！未找到引用源。\"This is certainly a beautiful country!\"
7.Who was Lockwood\'s housekeeper? a.错误！未找到引用源。Cathy Simmons b.错误！未找到引用源。Catherine c.错误！未找到引用源。Nelly Furtado d.错误！未找到引用源。Nelly Dean
8.What was the name of Heathcliff\'s manor? a.错误！未找到引用源。Bothering Heights b.错误！未找到引用源。Thrushcro Grange c.错误！未找到引用源。Wuthering Lows d.错误！未找到引用源。Wuthering Heights
9.Who raises Hareton during his early years? a.错误！未找到引用源。Heathcliff b.错误！未找到引用源。Edgar c.错误！未找到引用源。Catherine d.错误！未找到引用源。Nelly
10.Who forces Heathcliff to work as a servant in his home? a.错误！未找到引用源。Joseph b.错误！未找到引用源。Hindley c.错误！未找到引用源。Hareton d.错误！未找到引用源。Catherine
11.Why does Heathcliff marry Isabella?
a.错误！未找到引用源。To inherit Thrushcro Grange b.错误！未找到引用源。To spite Catherine c.错误！未找到引用源。Because he loves her d.错误！未找到引用源。To spite Edgar
12.How does Catherine die?
a.错误！未找到引用源。Commited suicide
b.错误！未找到引用源。She was killed in a car accident c.错误！未找到引用源。During childbirth
d.错误！未找到引用源。Contracted a terminal illne
13.The novel concludes with:
a.错误！未找到引用源。Death of Heathcliff
b.错误！未找到引用源。Lockwood visiting Heathcliff\'s grave c.错误！未找到引用源。Catherine and Hareton\'s marriage d.错误！未找到引用源。None of the above
14.Wuthering Heights is the only novel written by its author. a.错误！未找到引用源。True b.错误！未找到引用源。False
15.What was inscribed over the entrance of Wuthering Heights? a.错误！未找到引用源。Welcome
b.错误！未找到引用源。Hareton Earnshaw 1500 c.错误！未找到引用源。Heathcliff 1600
d.错误！未找到引用源。Heathcliff and Catherine 1.Bronte sisters:
Emily in 1818 and Anne in 1820.The lives of the Bronte sisters has been the subject of public interest.Charlotte was born in 1816, Charlotte who lived the longest was seen as the most talented of the sisters.Her mother died in 1821 leaving her six children in the care of their aunt.Charlotte\'s two elder sisters died only four years later.At the rectory, Charlotte would have little to do but read and write and occasionally walk on the moors (旷野).The loneline experienced by Charlotte was clearly sharp.So it is le shocking that in her early teens she wrote at least 23 complete “novels” (they were of little or no real value).She attended Roe Head school between 1831 and 1832, and then taught at the same school later in the decade.From 1839 to 1842 she worked as a governe (家庭教师).
Meanwhile, Emily attended Roe Head in 1835 but returned to the rectory due to homesickne.Like her elder sister she became a governe.She seems to have been the most introspective (内省的) of the sisters, having very few friends.Neverthele, she was a tough woman, controlling a fierce dog with her bare hands.Anne, the youngest sister also attended Roe Head school in 1837.She also became a governe, actually for some time longer than her elder sisters.Anne found material for Agnes Grey (《艾格尼丝格雷》) (1847) in the spoilt children of her employers. By 1847, the three sisters had each written a novel.Emily produced Wuthering Heights (《呼啸山庄》), Anne Agnes Grey.Both were criticized by the pre, Emily\'s novel especially for its supposedly morbid (病态的) outlook and inappropriate subjects.Neverthele, history and particularly the great succe of the novels have vindicated (澄清) them.Charlotte wrote Jane Eyre at this time and it was immediately succeful.
In 1848, Emily died in December with Anne following le than a year later.Charlotte continued to write and produced Shirley (《雪莉》)(1849).Her final novel Villette (《维莱特》) appeared in 1853.Her marriage in 1854 to A.B.Nicholls was followed only months later by her death from tuberculosis.True (T) or False (F)?
1． Charlotte Bronte is remembered as the author of Wuthering Heights.( ) 2． The three Bronte sisters went to the same school and two of them worked as governees.( ) 3． The three Bronte sisters weren\'t accepted at first in their times.( ) Keys: 1—3 F F T 2.Character Analyses Heathcliff
To everyone but Catherine and Hareton, Heathcliff seems to be an inhuman monster—or even incarnate evil.From a literary perspective, he is more the embodiment of the Byronic hero (attributed to the writer George Gordon, Lord Byron), a man of stormy emotions who shuns humanity because he himself has been ostracized; a rebellious hero who functions as a law unto himself.Heathcliff is both despicable and pitiable.His one sole paion is Catherine, yet his commitment to his notion of a higher love does not seem to include forgivene.Readers need to determine if his revenge is focused on his lost position at Wuthering Heights, his lo of Catherine to Edgar, or if it his aertion of dignity as a human being.The difficulty most readers have relating to and understanding Heathcliff is the fact that he hates as deeply as he loves; therefore, he is despised as much as he is pitied.
Except for Satan in Milton’s Paradise Lost, the tempestuous and revengeful Heathcliff has no equal in English literature.His intense love for Catherine, his relentle revenge on his enemy, and his frantic restlene after Catherine’s death mark him a unique figure.In Heathcliff’s conflict with Hindley and the Lintons.Emily Bronte portrays the conflict between the privileged and the underdog, between the master and the hired hand.
Plot
About the Novel Character Map
About the Novel Genealogy
4.Critical Eays Cla Structure
In the Victorian Era, social cla was not solely dependent upon the amount of money a person had; rather, the source of income, birth, and family connections played a major role in determining one’s position in society.And, significantly, most people accepted their place in the hierarchy.In addition to money, manners, speech, clothing, education, and values revealed a person’s cla.The three main claes were the elite cla, the middle cla, and the working cla.Further divisions existed within these three cla distinctions.The characters in Wuthering Heights demonstrate the nature of this cla-structured society.The Lintons were the most elite family in the novel, and Thrushcro Grange was a superior property to Wuthering Heights, yet they were not members of the uppercrust of society; rather, they were the profeional middle cla.
Although Wuthering Heights was a farmhouse, the Earnshaws were not members of the working cla because they were landowners who had servants.Their station in society was below the Lintons but not significantly below.Nelly, a servant of the Earnshaws, represents the lower middle cla—those who worked non-manual labor.Servants were superior to manual laborers, which explains the problems created by Heathcliff. Heathcliff is an orphan; therefore, his station is below everyone else in Wuthering Heights.It was unheard of to raise someone from the working cla as a member of the middle-to-upper middle cla.Even Nelly, who was raised with the Earnshaw children, understood her place below her childhood friends.When Mr.Earnshaw elevates the status of Heathcliff, eventually favoring him to his own son, this goes against societal norms.
This combination of elevation and usurpation is why Hindley returns Heathcliff to his previous low station after the death of Mr.Earnshaw, and that is why Heathcliff relishes in the fact that Hindley’s son Hareton is reduced to the level of a common, uneducated laborer.And social cla must be the reason Catherine marries Edgar; she is attracted to the social comforts he can supply her.No other plausible explanation exists.Catherine naively thinks she can marry Edgar and then use her position and his money to aist Heathcliff, but that would never happen.
When Heathcliff returns, having money is not enough for Edgar to consider him a part of acceptable society.Heathcliff uses his role as the outcast to encourage Isabella’s infatuation.The feelings that both Catherine and Isabella have for Heathcliff, the common laborer, cause them to lose favor with their brothers.Hindley and Edgar cannot accept the choices their sisters make and therefore, withdraw their love.When a woman betrays her cla, she is betraying her family and her cla—both unacceptable actions. 5.The Narrative Structure
Although Lockwood and Nelly serve as the obvious narrators, others are interspersed throughout the novel—Heathcliff, Isabella, Cathy, even Zillah—who narrate a chapter or two, providing insight into both character and plot development.Catherine does not speak directly to the readers (except in quoted dialogue), but through her diary, she narrates important aspects of the childhood she and Heathcliff shared on the moors and the treatment they received at the hands of Joseph and Hindley.All of the voices weave together to provide a choral narrative.Initially, they speak to Lockwood, answering his inquiries, but they speak to readers, also, providing multiple views of the tangled lives of the inhabitants of Thrushcro Grange and Wuthering Heights.Brontë appears to present objective observers, in an attempt to allow the story to speak for itself.Objective observations by outsiders would presumably not be tainted by having a direct involvement; unfortunately, a closer examination of these two seemingly objective narrators reveals their bias.For example, Lockwood’s narrative enables readers to begin the story when most of the action is already completed.Although the main story is being told in flashback, having Lockwood interact with Heathcliff and the others at Wuthering Heights immediately displaces his objectivity.What he records in his diary is not just what he is being told by Nelly but his memories and interpretation of Nelly’s tale.Likewise, Nelly’s narrative directly involves the reader and engages them in the action.While reporting the past, she is able to foreshadow future events, which builds suspense, thereby engaging readers even more.But her involvement is problematic because she is hypocritical in her actions: sometimes choosing Edgar over Heathcliff (and vice versa), and at times working with Cathy while at other times betraying Cathy’s confidence.Nonethele, she is quite an engaging storyteller, so readers readily forgive her shortcomings.Ultimately, both Lockwood and Nelly are merely facilitators, enabling readers to enter the world of Wuthering Heights.All readers know more than any one narrator, and therefore are empowered as they read.
