汉语翻译第九讲
汉语翻译技巧简单句变复合句
一、练习讨论和讲评
本来，生命只有一次，对于谁都是宝贵的。但是，假使他的生命溶化在大众的事业里面，假使他天天在为这世界干事业是不死的，他会领略到“永久的年轻”的感觉。而“浮生如梦”的人，从这个世界拿去的很多，而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡：他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀，像铅一样沉重，压在他的心头。青春是多么短啊。
One has but one life to live and, naturally, it is treasured by all.However, if one is dedicated to the cause of the people, if he does something every day for the world, he is living and, though eventually he will die, the cause he lives for—the cause of the people will never die.In other words, he will gain a sense of “eternal youth” As for the one who lives his life like a floating cloud; he takes a lot from the world but gives little in return.Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredne that he will find himself deprived of the energy to “take”.Then the grief caused by age and impotence will make him feel as if a heavy load of lead was in the mind.How fast youth goes! 他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。Sooner or later he will be exhausted to death.他总有一天会觉得疲非常疲乏。然而“他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。”的意义是：他总有一天会觉得疲乏，感到快要死亡了。Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredne.Sooner or later he will be exhausted，having the sense that he will be approaching death.
1.He was thirsty to death.He was extremely thirsty.2.He was stabbed to death.He died because he was stabbed.He was beaten to death.
二、简单句变复合句
有时为了使英语句子的连贯性更强, 表达也更为贴切、自然、优美， 我们将两个或者多个简单汉语句翻译成一个英语句子。英语句子之间加上and, but, or(或者, 否则), for (因为), while(而, 却), when(就在这个时候), not only ...but also等并列连词, 使其成为并列复合句。如：
(1)我们户外活动需要三个小时，大概11点回来，校门一带关了。 ⑴ Our outdoor activity will last three hours.We’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.The school gate must be closed. →Our outdoor activity will last three hours and the school gate must be closedwhen we’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.
⑵飞机七点起飞，赶快，要不赶不上飞机了。
⑵ The plane takes off at seven.You must hurry.You’ll mi the plane.→You must hurry or you’ll mi the plane which takes off at seven. ⑶蜜糖甜蜜蜜，蜜蜂很刺人。
⑶Honey is sweet.The bee stings.→Honey is sweet but the bee stings.在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when, after, as, because, where, which, who等从属连词, 可以使简单句变成复合句。如：
（4） 英语俱乐部可以组织各种活动，我们在活动中不但可以练习英语还可以学习更多英语。
（4）We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club.We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句) →We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English.
（5）没有赶上头班车，他上学迟到了。
（5）He mied the first bus.He came to school late.(改为含状语从句的复合句) →Because he mied the first bus, he came to school late.→He mied the first bus, so he came to school late.
即时练习将下列各组句子合并成并列复合句或主从复合句。 （6），19世纪末，有一个闻名遐迩的侦探，名叫Sherlock Holmes，家住伦敦。
⑴ There was once a famous detective.⑵ He was named Sherlock Holmes.⑶ He lived in London.⑷ The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.
---------There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century.（7）.根据调查，79.3％的居民反映说，他们的主要目的是帮助父母亲生活得更好，67.7％说，他们努力工作是为了改变自己的命运。 （7） ⑴ 79.3％ of the surveyed citizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life.⑵ 67.7％ claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.
--------- 79.3％ of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7％ claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.（ 8）知识就是力量，我们是大学生，必须努力学习。 Knowledge is power.We are college students.We must study hard.------- We, who are college student, must study hard because knowledge is power.（9.） 写作方法各种各样，同学们可以用这一种方法提供写作努力，增加自信力。
⑴There are ways and ways to improve writing ability
(2 )Students can improve their writing ability in this way.(3) They can strengthen their self-confidence. --------.Though There are ways and ways to improve writing ability , students can improve their writing ability in this way to increase their self-confidence.
(10)这是上海最雄伟的大楼，许多外国专家在此住居。
1.This is the most magnificent building in Shanghai.2Many foreign experts live in the building.
------ In Shanghai, this is the most magnificent building in which many foreign experts live.
三、练习
婚姻关系中人们争论最多的问题——如钱怎样花——通常并非真正的问题。关键的问题是：谁掌握控制权？年轻的时候，我对控制权的需要是源于害怕、缺乏信任和没有安全感。最后我终于意识到我不需要控制妻子——实际上也不应该控制她，而且不可能控制她，如果我试图控制她，就会毁了我们的婚姻。
人们经常把放弃控制权与软弱混为一谈。但家庭争论中的胜利者从来都不是真正的胜利者。在你赢得争论而你的伴侣屈服时，你已经输了。这听起来似乎相矛盾，却千真万确。
