新课改下高中英语听说教学策略之浅谈
听说是人们进行语言交流的手段，在日常生活中使用最为广泛。因此英语听说教学是外语学习过程中不可或缺的，近年来一直是外语教学的重要环节。根据教育部颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》的要求，中国中学生要达到一定的英语学习水平，必须具备相应的英语使用能力。即高中生英语学习能力要达到6～9等级。除教材外，能听懂有关熟悉话题的演讲、讨论、辩论和报告；能听懂国内外一般的英语新闻广播；能抓住较长发言的内容要点，理解讲话人的观点和意图等。同时，在说方面，要求高中生能在交谈中把握分寸，并根据交谈对象调整用语和表达方式；能经过准备就一些专题作5～10分钟演讲，并回答有关提问；能用英语接受面试；能做一般性口头翻译等。所以，在教学中，不管是教学内容或者方式，还是教学评价，均是以学生为主体。
在当前的时代背景下，英语听说教学越来越多地被人们所重视。其次英语作为全球使用最普遍的语言，它关于交流沟通的功能不言而喻，而英语的首要任务便是听和说，听是吸收和理解信息，说则是表达和传递信息，听与说的能力互相联系、紧密结合、共同促进、不可分离。但在英语学习中，听说一直都是令教师和学生感到棘手的问题：缺乏英语语言环境、学生学习动力不是很大。而新课标对英语听说教学又提出了更高要求，因此，英语教师应认真研究新教材和新课程标准，为学生多创设英语语言环境，激发学生学习英语的动力，有计划、有目的训练和提高学生的听说能力。
本人认为“匮乏的基础知识”和“有限的听说技巧”是导致目前学生听说水平不高的主要原因，所以从改进教学方法、培养学习兴趣和进行有效的听说技巧指导等几个方面进行了研究，提出新的英语听说教学策略以帮助学生树立对听说的信心，培养他们良好的听说习惯，教会他们实用的听说技巧。主要做法如下： 一，创设多样环境，丰富英语活动方式
首先，课堂便是首要的英语环境之一，要有计划适度地进行英语活动练习。教师应当坚持用英语讲课，最大限度增加学生听说英语的时间，使学生能够耳濡目染、自然而然地形成听说习惯，从而促进听说能力的提高。其次，要有层次地开展英语辩论活动，使学生感受口语交际的真实性。活动内容要为学生所喜闻乐见，使得学生积极配合教学活动，锻炼口语交际能力。同时，也可以通过向学生讲授英语趣事，激发学生听说兴趣。最后，在校园里创办英语角，给学生搭建英语交流的平台，要求学生在这种情景下，只能用英语交流学习。
关于英语活动方式，在听力前，启发学生积极思考，快速激发学生脑中的各种信息和语法公式，为随后的听力练习做好准备。同时鼓励学生根据听力问题猜测哪些词会出现在听力材料中，在听力结束之后，老师引出听力材料中的部分生词，加以简单解释，培养学生的听说能力。
二，充分利用现行教材进行听说训练
听说教学的理论基础——行为主义教学法(Behaviourism)提出：听说训练的基本模式是刺激(stimulus)、反应(response)和强化(reinforcement)。即多听——语言信息对学生的刺激，多说——学生对刺激的反应。由此可见，多听多说是搞好听说训练的首要条件。然而现阶段高中每周只开设五节英语课，为多听多说增加课时显然是不现实的。那么充分挖掘、利用现行教材的听说因素是一条非常重要的途径。
训练可按下列环节进行：预习——听——问答——说。预习环节应在教师指导下由学生独立完成。预习做得好坏将直接影响听说训练能否顺利进行。预习得好，学生便有了参与训练的物质准备和心理准备，训练效果将大大提高。听环节则由教师将课文改写成一百词左右的短文简述
一、两遍。短文应尽量覆盖课文要点，可要求学生根据需要适当做笔记，记下一些提示性的关键词语。 说环节可分两步走：先由同桌或前后相邻四位学生互相复述所听材料，再由教师抽检效果。抽检形式可多样化，除点名提问外，还可由各组推举代表，也可抽签或自愿发言。 三，利用课外活动开展英语听说训练
要使学生听说能力达到较高水平，光靠每周五节课所能提供的时间是远远不够的，因此利用课外活动开展听说训练是对课堂教学的重要补充。有计划有组织地指导学生在课外开展听说训练，活动形式可以是英语角、听力竞赛、演讲竞赛等，一方面让学生在实践中学习，锻炼实际运用英语的能力；另一方面营造大家听英语、讲英语的良好氛围，有力地促进了英语课堂教学。另外，广播电视上播放的英语教学节目也可作为课外补充介绍给学生，让他们更多接触地道的英语，提高听说能力。
本文以高中英语新课程Unit 2 English around the world 为例，以探讨新课改环境下进行有效的高中英语课堂听说教学策略为目标，通过教学环节的设计进行课堂教学实践和反思，确定了最后的方案，以便进行有效的课堂听说教学 1.教材分析
本单元以“世界英语”为中心话题，旨在通过本单元的学习让学生粗略了解世界英语的发展状况,认识各种各样具有民族,地域特色的英语以及它们的出现原因和不同之处。同时让学生学会语言障碍的表达法，能够区分、转述命令或请求语气的祈使句，并让学生能用所学构思方法写一篇关于英语学习经验的作文。 Listening是一位美国男孩所的讲述的故事及他的老师对故事的转述。学生可通过听来体会南方方言与标准英语的不同。并强化学生通过听来获取有关说话人信息的能力。Speaking 以问路的一段对话将英美语差异与间接引语结合起来，要求学生运用所学知识编一段对话，将间接引语运用于实际生活。 2.教案设计
The Third Period Listening and speaking Teaching goals教学目标 1.Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
lightning,
subway,
underground,
British,
western, Europe, southeast 2.Ability goals能力目标
Get the Ss to know more about world English and dialects by listening.Enable the students to expre language difficulties in communication.3.Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to get detailed ideas of English programs.Help the students learn how to manage to communicate with others avoiding language difficulties. Teaching important points 教学重点
Listen to materials and grasp the information needed.How to use different sentence patterns avoiding language difficulties in communication.Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Gue the name of speaker’s country by listening.How to make a dialogue using commands or requests. Teaching methods 教学方法 Listening. Discuion.Notes-making.Pair works to make a dialogue.Teaching aids 教具准备 A recorder.Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式 Step I Revision Describe the picture and the boys.T: Any volunteers to describe the picture? S1: There is a river in the picture.At the bank, there is a tall tree.We can see a very big fish in the river.
S2: The two boys laughing are Buford and Big Billy Bob.A boy was frightened and fleeing.He is little Lester.
T: Could you find the answers to the four questions? Ss: Yes.T: Good.Why does Buford think of Texas? How do you know it？
S: He believes it’s almost a different country from the US.The text tells us so. T: How large was the catfish？
S: The catfish was almost the size of a house.T: Why did Lester get out of the water very quickly? S: He thought the catfish would eat him. T: Why did Buford and Big Billy Bob laugh?
S: Because the fish is harmle but Lester is so frightened and flee so fast.Step II Listening and writing (Page 14) Task Listen and answer questions.T: Another two persons will describe this story.One is Buford, who is from Texas and believes bigger is always better.He is speaking with one kind of Southern dialects.The other is his teacher, Jane, who speaks standard British English.First, listen and know of standard British English and Southern dialects.Ss listen to the tape and try to understand.T: Now listen for a second time and answer the last two questions.Make notes while listening.A few minutes later, check their answers. T: A, can you answer question 5? S: Yes.Jane is the second speaker, Buford’s teacher.She is from Britain.T: Well done! Buford says “Hey, y’all”to greet you.What does the second speaker say to greet you? S: She says “Hello”.Step III Listening
Task1 Listen and write the AE words.T: Last leon we separate some AE words from BE words.Today, let’s go on listening and write down the AE words which have the same meanings as the BE words.Turn to page 48 .Listening .The BE words have been written down.Read it.Then listen to the dialogue.In the conversation, “rush hour” is the name of a popular Hollywood film.After listening.T: Please read your answer together. (Write down the answers.
Ss: picture- movie, lorry- truck, autumn- fall, underground- subway, sweets- candy Task2 Listen and write down answers to questions.Ss read the questions to find out the listening point first, and then listen to the tape to get the answers.T: Now the recorder will introduce a new way of English learning.Before listen to the tape, please read the questions to find out the listening point.Make notes of the answers while listening.Play the tape for the first time so that the students can get a general idea.The second and third time, the Ss write and check their answers.Pause and repeat the key sentences.T: Can you answer questions now? Ss: Yes.T: Good.What programme is Zhao Li watching? S: CCTV-9 World wide watch.T: Excellent! Who would like to answer the next questions? S: 2.Zhao Li thinks that watching TV programs will improve her English.3.She thinks that Cao Ri is a good speaker.4.The more listening practice you have, the better your listening skills will get, especially if you hear variety of speakers.5.You should be patient and keep trying.Soon you will understand more and more.Teacher checks the answers and explains some difficult listening points if neceary.Step IV .Speaking task T: Well done! The second floor in British English is the third floor in American English.How great change in English! Travel plays an important part in the change of English.Please turn to Page 52 tell me other things that cause languages to change.Ss have previewed it.Answers Teenagers, movies, radio, and TV.Task Give advice on how to teach English to beginners.Work in groups of four.T: Well done! The government would like to get some advice on how to teach English to beginners.Can you help them? Please work in groups of four and list your ideas together.Ss discu and write down their suggestions.S1: I think it will make the textbook interesting to use cartoons in it.
S2: Why not design some games? Students like games, which will make the words easy to memory.S3: In my opinion, English songs are of great help.S4: We can draw some interesting characters like Mickey mouse to teach English to beginners.T: Wonderful ideas! I believe the government will take your advice. Step V Homework Make a short list of reasons why English is spoken in so many places around the world.Preview Page 15 Speaking.List the words that were confusing to Amy.Sample Why English is spoken in so many places around the world？
English is the language most widely spoken and used in the world.Why?
