介词
介词的概念
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。 常用介词
about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.图片里大约有十五棵树。 above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.我想那人有六十多岁了。
acro 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.
Can you swim acro the river？ 你能游过河吗？
We live acro the street.我们住在街的对面。
after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.他放学后就回家了。
Read after me, please.请跟我朗读。
against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,
The car hit against the tree.汽车撞了树。
He is standing against the wall.他靠墙站着。
along 沿着,顺着.
They are walking along the river.他们沿着河行走。
among 在...当中.
He is the tallest among them.他是他们当中个子最高的。
around 在...的周围,在...那一边.
They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店。
as 作为.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱, He always gets up at six in the morning.他时常早上六点钟起床。
He shot at the bird but mied it.他向鸟射击，但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
He took a picture before the car.他在汽车前照了张照片。 He can't finish his work before supper.晚饭前他完不成工作。
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如， 迟于,晚于(时间) Are there any brooms behind the door.门后有扫帚吗？
All of us are behind him in mathematics.我们数学都不如他。
below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling.天花板下面有四盏灯。
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.
He found the body beside the river.他在河边发现了尸体。
Beside yours， my computer is too slow.与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。
besides 除...之外,
We are all here besides Bowe.除鲍外，我们也都来了。
between 在...两者之间,
The relations between the two countries has improved since then.两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
beyond 在...那边,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't mi it.你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。
but 除去.
He has nothing but money.他除钱以外什么都没有。
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。
The claroom was cleaned by the students.教室由学生们打扫干净了。
Mi Lucy came to China by air.露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
down 沿着...望下。
She walked down the street.她沿着街道走。
during 在...期间,在...时候。
During the holiday, we went to the south.我们假期去了南方。
except 除...之外。
He knows nothing except English.他除英语以外什么都不知道。
for 为..., 因为..., 至于...。
He works for this company.他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the claroom for she had left her books in the claroom.她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
Where are you from? 你是哪里人？
He died from an accident.他死于一场事故。
in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
He was born in 1992.他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
He spend le time in reading.他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
like 象...，如同...。
The twins are like their father.双胞胎像他们的父亲。
near 靠近....。
There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。
of ...的，属于...。
This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。
off 离开...，在...之外。
The young man got off the train quickly.那个年青人很快下了火车。
I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
on 在...之上。
My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上。
out of 从...出来，在...之外。
The dog run out of the house.狗从房子里跑出来。
outside ...外边.
They are waiting outside the gate.他们在门外等着。
over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。
There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盏灯。
He is over sixty years old.他有六十多岁。
past 越过...，过...，超越...。
The students walked past the post office.学生们走过了邮局。
It is ten past two.现在是两点十分。
round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。
We sat round the table.我们围着桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
since 自...以后，自...以来。
He has made great progre in English since he came into the college.从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。
through 经过...，穿过...。
They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林。
throughout 遍及...，在各处。
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山寻找犯人。
till 直到...，在...以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.他直到十一点钟才回来。
We'll be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家。
to 到...，向...，趋于。
How long is it from here to the station？ 从这儿到车站有多远？
under 在...之下，低于。
There are some footballs under the bed.床底下有几颗足球。
These students are under seventeen years old.这些学生们不到十七岁。
until 直到，在...以前，
Please wait for us until we come back.请等着我们回来。
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周，我才交了数学论文。
up 在...上面，在...上。
He went up the stairs.他上了楼梯。
upon 在...之上，迫近...。
It's not polite to look down upon him.蔑视他是不礼貌的。
within 在...之内。
You must finish the work within two weeks.你必须两周内完成这项工作。
without 没有，不，在...之外。
We can't do it better without your help.没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。
We couldn't live without air and water.没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。
介词归类
一、表示地理位置的介词： (1)at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在„„附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在„范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在„„范围外，不强调是否接壤 例句：He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Ruia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.(2)above, over, on 在„„上
above 指在„„上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
例句：The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.(3)below, under 在„„下面
under表示在„正下方
below表示在„„下，不一定在正下方
例句 There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.
二、表示时间的介词： (1)in , on，at 在„„时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。
如：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如: at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of „, at the age of „, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
(2)in, after 在„„之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
例句：My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.
(3)from, since 自从„„
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。
例句：He studied the piano from the age of three.They have lived here since 1978.
(4)after, behind 在„„之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。
例句：We shall leave after lunch.Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
三、表运动方向的介词：
acro, through 通过，穿过
acro表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关； through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。
例句：She swam acro the river.He walked through the forest.
四、表示“在„„之间”的介词：
between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
例句：There is a football match between Cla One and Cla Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.
五、表示其他意义的介词：
(1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读； about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.He is writing a book on cooking.He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以„„方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 „工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用„方式，用„语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.
(3)except, besides 除了
except 除„„之外，不包括在内；
besides 除„„之外，包括在内。
例句：Except Mr.Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) Besides Mr.Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
早、午、晚要用 in，
例：in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天
at 黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
（零冠词） at six o'clock 在6点钟
at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15 分
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。 例； in 1988
in April
in December, 1986
in spring
in summer
in autumn in winter
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周
Don't read in dim light.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 They are reviewing their leons in the bright light.他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 They are sitting in the shade of a tree.他们坐在树阴下乘凉。 a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station.他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dreed (clothed) in rags in old society.旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛． a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女 in uniform 穿着制服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态 in ...以后，地点小处 at 大处 in。
例:
They will come back in 10 days.他们将10天以后回来。 I'll come round in a day or two.我一两天就回来。 We'll be back in no time.我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time.两天后来看我。(从现在开始) Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well.Don't worry.李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。 I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan.我住在辽宁省鞍山市．
有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in。
例：
The workers are paving a road with stone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形) The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形) “Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera.>是—出好戏。(无形) The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil.这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法——无形) I really can't expre my idea in English freely in-deed．
我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用 in) I wrote a novel in Ruian.我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上) The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用 in ) The length is measured in meter, kilometer, and centimeter.长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上) This board was cast in bronze not in gold.这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用 in。
特征或状态： 例:
They found the patient in a coma.他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。 He has not been in good health for some years.他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope.许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。 The house was in ruins.这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears.这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。 His shoes were in holes.他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun.我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger.与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。 in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairne 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion.他脑子里很乱。 Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her clamates are in flower ages.她和她的同学都正值妙龄。 The campaign was in full swing.运动正值高潮中。 方面： 例：
They are never backward in giving their views.他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。 The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study.一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式： 例：
All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.所有报告都用速记记录下来了。 The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
惯用 in 短语： in all 总计
in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时 in place 适当地
in hopes of(或 in the hope of) 怀着„„希望 in connection with 和„„有关 in contact with 和„„联系 in addition to 除„„以外 in case of 倘若，万一 in conflict with 和„„冲突 in force 有效的，大批
in depth 彻底地
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾，一想起 in behalf of 代表„„利益 in the least 一点，丝毫 in alarm 惊慌、担心 in the opinion of 据„„见解 in the long run 从长远说来 in one's opinion 在„„看来 in word 口头上 in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地 in case 如果，万一，以防 in detail 详细地 in conclusion 总之 in spite of 尽管
in other words „ 换句话说 in return 作为回报
in the name of 以„„名义 be confident in 对„„有信心 be interested in 对„„感兴趣 in doubt 怀疑 in love 恋爱中 in debt 负债
in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地 in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地) in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击、位置，恶、善分。
介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。 1.A．She came at me.她向我扑过来。 B．She came to me.她向我走过来。 2．A．Jake ran at John.杰克向约翰扑过去。 B．Jake ran to John.杰克朝约翰跑去。
3．A.He rushed at the woman with a sword.他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。 B.He rushed to the woman with a sword.他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。 4．A．He shouted at the old man.他大声喝斥那老人。 B.He shouted to the old man.他大声向那老人说。 5．A.She talked at you just now.她刚才还说你坏话呢。 B．She talked to you just now.她刚才还同你谈话呢.6．A．He presented a pistol at me.他用手枪对着我。 B．He presented a pistol to me.他赠送我一支手枪。t
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚， 例:
on October the first 1949 on May the first
on the second of January
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚 on New Year's Day 在元旦 on my birthday 在我的生日 on May Day 在“五·一”节 on winter day 在冬天 on Sunday 在星期天 on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午 on Friday evening 星期五晚上 on t the morning of 18th 18日早晨 on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代 则用 in，
at the present time 现在， at the present day 当今
则用 at。
收音、农场、值日 on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 例：
Did you like the story on the radio last night? 你喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗? on TV 从电视里„„
hear something on the wirele 在无线电里听到
The students are working on a school farm.学生们正在校办农场劳动。 This is a farmer's house on a farm.这是农场的农舍。 Who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日? We go on duty at 8 a.m.我们上午8点钟上班。
This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Profeor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。 The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice.理论必须以实践为基础。 The people in the south live on rice.南方人主食大米。(靠) The citizens live on their salaries.城市人靠薪金生活。 He is just a thief, who lives on other people.他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准、左右。（on） 例：
The house next to mine was on fire.我邻居的房子着火了。 The workers of the railway station were on strike.铁路工人罢工了。 Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
Do something on the sly (quiet).秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。 I've come here on busine.我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a miion.他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。 I'll go home on leave next month.下月我将休假回家。 She came to see you on purpose.她是专程来看你的。 This lunch is on me.“这顿午饭我付钱。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand.相反，这事儿很容易理解。 P1ease come on time.(on schedule).请准时来。 on the left, right 向左向右
步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 则用 in。 例：
On foot 步行; on horse 骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit.为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。 Go on horse back! 骑马去！
You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢! in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。
at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心，始末。 例：
At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.在山脚下，有我们30 个同志。 There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山脚下有一个美丽的湖。 At the gate of the house there are many children playing gla ball.门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口? I don't need the dictionary at present.我现在还不需要这本词典。 The train runs at fifty kilometers an hour.火车每小时行驶50 公里。 at home 在国内，在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade.水在摄氏零度结冰。 at a good price 高价 at a low cost 低成本
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。 at daybreak 日出时 The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our cla was very strict with us.这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。 常用的 at 短语有: at first 首先，开始时 at least 至少
at all events 无论如何 at home 在家，无拘束 at a lo 不知怎办 at the risk of 冒„„危险 at a great expense 以巨大费用 at the sight of 一见到 at sixteen 在16岁时 at the present stage 在现阶段 at the weekend 周末
at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号
工具、和、同随 with，具有、原因。
例：
We write with ball pens.我们用油笔写字。(工具) Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理论必须同实践相结合。(同) He is talking with friends.他正同朋友们谈话。(同) I'm with you.我同意你。
The socialist revolution is deepening with each paing day.社会主义革命日益深入。(随着) They sail with the wind.他们顺风航行。(随着) China is a very large country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有) China is a country with a population of ten billion people.中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。（具有）
The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因) My wife's hands were rough with work.我爱人因为老干活，手很租糙。(原因)．
就„„来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 例：
How are the things with you? 你情况怎样？ What's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦? What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?
Parents must be strict with their children.父母对子女要严格。(对) The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位医生对患者非常耐心。(对) I'm quite satisfied with your answer.我对你的回答很满意。(对) These apartment houses are for workers with families.这些住宅楼是给有家属的工人盖的。 He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他两手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(状语)独立结构
They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.它们是高度机械化的农场，所有工作都由机器进行。(状语)独立结构
海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数、人类 know to man。 例:
by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车) by chance 偶然
by accident 偶然，无意中
by way of 经由
The book was written by Mr.Zhang.这本书是张先生写的。(被动) That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man.1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 例：
一天 one day (不说 on one day) one summer 在一个夏天 one year 一年 last night 昨天夜里 last Friday 上个星期五 last month 上月
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 tomorrow afternoon 明天下午 tomorrow evening 明天晚上 next week 下周 next year 明年
next Saturday 下星期六 this year 今年
this Tuesday 本星期二 that evening 那天晚上
over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，例：
There is a picture over the window.窗户上面有一幅画。(正上方) The plane flew above the city.飞机飞过城市上空。（高于城市并非正上方) A lamp was hanging over the table.一盏灯是在方桌上方。(正上方) There is a small building below the hill.山下有座小楼房。(非正下方) There is a submarine under the water.水下有艘潜水艇。(正下方) The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees.农民们正在树下乘凉。(正下方) The temperature in the room is below (or under) 30℃.室温是摄氏30度以下。(数量词两者皆可) Do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $10000? 你们有哪些价格低于10000美元的计算机?（数量词两者皆可〕 beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。
例：
It's quite beyond me (It is more than I can understand).这我完全不懂。 Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.不要在外呆到10点以后还不回家。 Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。
That is going beyond a joke, paes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.那样开玩笑太过火了。
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.这是必然的，毫无疑义的。(无) She leaned wearily against the railings.她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着) besides，except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿。 例：
The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.除费用低外，该设计还有许多其他优点。(优点包括在内) Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition.除她外，我们都去参观了展览会。 Nobody was late except me.除我以外，没人迟到。
同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间。
He's composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.他的这篇作文写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。(非同类比较用 except for)
原状 because of, owing to，due to 表语形容词。 例：
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。
注：Owing to 和 because of 都做原因状语，而 due to 只能做表语形容词。所以此句。owing to 的介词短语做原因状语。
AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.我们的一切成绩都归功于党。(due to 做表语形容词)
Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。
例：
The road is under repair now．这条路正在修建中。
The now railway is still under construction.新铁路尚在修筑中。 under discuion 在讨论中
under considerate 在考虑中
The desk is made of wood.桌子是木头做的。(物理变化用 of) The wine is made from grape.这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。(化学变化用 from)
Before，after 表一点, ago，later 表一段。 例：
晚饭前 before supper 解放前 before liberation 1970 年前 before 1970 *前 before cultural revolution 国庆前 before National Day 入大学前 before coming to college 一分钟前 a minute ago 半小时前 half an hour ago 两天前 two days ago 一星期前 a week ago 五年前 five years ago before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。 例：
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我们刚离开学校，天就下雨了。(完成时) I had studied French for four months before I came here.我来这儿以前就已学了四个月法语了。(before 接完成时) He fell ill three days ago.他病了三天了。
He left two months ago.两个月前他离开了。 I met her a few minutes ago.我在几分钟前碰到他了。 since 以来 during 间
与之相比 beside，除了 last but one。 例：
I felt so weak in spoken English beside them.和他们相比，我感到我的口语太差。 Beside work and study, all else was trivial.同工作和学习比起来，其他一切都是小事。 I haven't told anybody but one.除了我爱人，我谁也没告诉。(除了) Look at the last page but one.请看倒数第2页。
He was the last but three in maths examination this time.他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。
复不定 for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
复不定 for，即用 for 引出的不定式复合结构，也就是 for 加名(代)加不定式；找，意为找到，提供; 价，意为价格、工资；原，意为原因；段，意为时间或距离; 去，意为去某地或开往某地；作，意为作为; 赞，意为赞成(用于系表结构。) 例：It is high time for us to start.我们不该再迟延了。
The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.最重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。
I don't think it advisable for him to study medicine.我想她学医不适合。 My home town has changed too much for me to recognize.我的家乡变化太大，简直认不出来了。
以上例句都是 for 在不定式复合结构中的用法。
Someone is asking for you on the telephone.有人找你接电话。(找) You'd better write to me for more information about it.如需更多这方面的资科和信息，你最好给我写信。(提问，索要) They worked in the company for 200 Yuan a month.他们在这个公司干活，每月嫌200元。(价格) How much did you pay for the second-hand color TV? 这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱？(价格) Thank you very much for your coming.谢谢您的光临。(原因) Forgive me for being tardy.请原谅我迟到了。(原因) I'm much obliged to you for telling me.非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因) We have boundle admiration for your struggle.对你们的斗争我们无限钦佩。(对) Listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds.听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对) There is a telegram for Mr.Wang.这有一份王先生的电报。(给) May I use it for a minute? 我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间) I followed the stealer for some distance.我跟踪那个小偷一段路。(一段距离) The ship was for Dalian.这破船开往大连。(去某地) We are off for Shanghai tomorrow.明天我们去上海。(去某地) The medicine is for reducing your temperature.这药是退烧的。(为„„目的) After breakfast, I'll go for a stroll round the town.吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为„„目的) I'll keep the lighter given by a foreign friend for a souvenir.我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为) It is only meant for a joke.这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为) We are all for cutting down the cost of production.我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)
快到、对、向 towards 例：
It's getting on towards the end of term now.现在已快到学期未了。(快到) Towards midnight my husband came back.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到) Our teacher was very lenient towards us.我们的老师对我们很松。(对) What you have in vented is really a big contribution towards our company.你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对) The boy came running towards his mother.那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)
but for 若不是
But for our great Communist Party, we could never have today's happine.
其他
in general 一般说来 in short 简言之
in other words 换言之 in my opinion 依我看 in simple words 简言之 on the whole 基本上 for instance 例如 for short 简称 after all 毕竟 above all 首先
by appearance 从外表
by the aid of 借„„的帮助 by far „„得多
by course of „„照„„常例 by reason of 由于 by request 应邀
by right of 由于凭借 out of date 过时
out of harmony with 与„„不一致 out of reach 力量不及 out of one's wits 不知所措 out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能的 to a great extent 很大程度上 to one's taste 合„„胃口 to one's thinking 据„„看来 behind the times 过时的 beyond description 无法形容 beyond reason 毫无道理
