高中英语短文改错写作训练
（一） 教学指导
短文改错是高考写作中的一部分，文体大都是记叙文，旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力。它要求考生具有词法、句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。短文改错要从从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误 1. 常见谓语动词错误类型有① 一般现在时与一般过去时错用；② and 前后动词时态不一致;③ 主谓不一致; ④ 缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。
1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ①） 2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于②) 3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于④) 4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③ 主谓不一致,was应为were) 2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。
① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects） ② Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words）
③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges是不可数名词，改为knowledge） 3.连词错误
连词包括关系代词、从属连词和并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ）
① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(错用了who的所有格形式改为whose) ② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and) ③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（已经有连词as ,所以去掉but）
4.冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）
多余冠词或缺少冠词。
① We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a 改为the the same 是固定搭配) ② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ） ③ I hope you have pleasant journey.（一次愉快的旅行，所以pleasant前加a) 5.形容词和副词错误
1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel） 2) 词性的误用
形容词修饰名词
副词修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词修饰
① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰）
② My pronunciation was terribly.(作表语要用形容词terrible) 6.代词错误 1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数4）多余的代词和少代词
① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to expre me in simple English.(expre oneself, me 改为 myself ) ② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(在to 前加it) ③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.（other应为others）
④ What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.（him应为them） 7.非谓语动词的常见错误
1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 ① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was….(enjoy 后需接动名词 talk--talking) ② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语 改为 going ) ③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(read应为reading) 8.介词错误
1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 ① There are too many people among my family.（among 改为 in my family 为固定搭配）
② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（去掉 at ） 此外，还有一些错误是固定搭配中的错误，需要同学们在日常学习中注意积累固定短语。 短文改错解题步骤
1）通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反复通读，复查验证
