特殊的英语动词短语
在英语中，有动词和小品词（up, down, in, out, on, off, over, away）构成的动词短语很多，有时很难猜出它们的意义，笔者收集了一些常见的动词短语，通过分析小品词的意义，对这一类的短语进行分类，找出它们的规律，以便更好地掌握它们，注意这些短语意义很接近，这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。
1.up
1) 向上（toward or into a higher position）
lift up 举起， climb up 爬上， come up 上升，get up 起来，stand up 站起来，pick up 捡起，draw up 升起，grow up 长大，hand up 托起，put up 举起，send up 使上升，rise up 升起， look up 抬头看，zip up 拉上，hold up 举起，pile up 堆起，dig up 挖出，take up 拿起，build up 树立，set up 建立，搭起。
2) 完成，结束（expreing completene and finality）
finish up完成, drink up喝干, eat up吃光, burn up烧光, wash up洗净, use up用光, fill up装满, pay up付清, settle up解决, lick up舔尽, sum up总结, open up透露, end up结束, let up中止，减少, draw up停止, close up关闭, swallow up吞没, beat up痛打, cover up掩盖, break up结束，分解。 wind up结束。
3) 离开，消灭（expreing separation and destroy）
break up拆开, cut up切碎, split up分裂, divide up分割, smash up捣毁, blow up炸毁, wither up枯死, tear up撕碎, give up放弃, fold up垮台, dry up枯竭, crack up撞碎, clutter up使散乱, litter up 乱丢垃圾。
4) 增加，变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree)
(1) mount up增加, pick up振作加快, pluck up振作, turn up开大，出现, shake up震惊, steam up使发怒, stir up激起搅起, ease up放松, warm up兴奋, speak up大声说, heat up加热, total up总和, tense up紧张, gather up收集, speed up加速, screw up振作, build up增大, show up显现, cheer up振作起来, work up激动,刺激。
(2) 用在带“-en”后缀的动词后（used after the verbs with suffix of -en ）
brighten up发亮, fatten up发胖, freshen up使新鲜, harden up变硬, sharpen up变快, smarten up变精明, strengthen up加强, sweeten up变甜, tighten up使紧密, toughen up使强大, soften up变软。
5) 变好，改善(as to be better and proper)
bring up抚育, check up核对, clear up清理晴天, clean up整理, do up整理, patch up修理, polish up擦亮，改进, light up点亮, tune up调整, tidy up整理, rub up擦亮, train up训练，培养, make up化妆，和解，弥补, buy up囤积, figure up计算, fix up修理整理, take up从事。
6) 关住，锁紧，固定住（firmly, tightly and closely）
shut up关闭, lock up锁住, tie up栓住, chain up锁住, nail up钉住, fasten up系住, pin up钉住, bind up装订, bar up关住, block up堵塞, choke up堵塞, save up存起来, store up储藏, stock up储存, cover up掩盖, wrap up包住, lay up储存, hold up延误, keep up坚持。
7) 向说话人的方向(to the place where the speaker is)
catch up, come up, drive up, go up, run up, rush up, walk up, swim up, marsh up.
2.down
1)向下的位置(to or into a lower position)
