Unit1 Great scientists
Period 1 Vocabulary I.词语辨析
1.character/characteristic n.
【解释】 character 性格,品质 (本身具有的) ;角色,人物;字体,字符 characteristic 特点,特征(区别于其他事物)
【练习】选择 character 或 characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空
1) He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
2) People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _________ . 3) What are the __________that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese? 4) Chinese __________ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.
2.examine/ check /test 检查
【解释】 examine 仔细察看或观察(以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病) check 检查 (含有\"校对\"或\"找错\"的意思) test 检查,检测(以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准) 【练习】选择 check , examine 或 test,并用其适当的形式填空
1) I was being _______ for a driving license for the third time. 2) The doctor _________ him carefully.
3) The interviewer always _______ her facts before sending them to the editor.
3 cure/ treat 治疗, 治疗,
【解释】 cure 表示治愈的结果 treat 表示治疗的过程
【练习】选择 cure 或 treat 并用其适当的形式填空
1) After being ________ for such a long time, the wound ___________ at last.
4 blame/scold 责备
【解释】 blame 责备;谴责; 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚；scold 斥责\"\"责骂\"指大声呵斥,责备,唠唠叨叨地说,常用于长辈对晚辈 ,
【练习】 1)Don\'t _______ it on him, but on me.
2)The parents ______ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.
5 reject /refuse 拒绝
【解释】 reject 后接名词, (含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾) refuse 后接名词,动名词 ,可表\"谢绝\" 【练习】选择 refuse 或 reject 并用其适当的形式填空
1) The Christian Church ________ his theory, saying it was against God\'s idea.
2) I can\'t stand working with Jane in the same office.She just ________to stop talking while she works.
II.词形变化
1.science n,科学
______________ adj.科学的
______________ n.科学家
2.announcer n,广播员,告知者
________________ v.宣布
__________________ n.宣布
3.instruct v..指导,命令 ________________ n.指导,指示 _______________ adj.有益的,教育性的 4.valuable adj.有价值的
_____________ n.价值 _______________ v.估价, 评价 5.enthusiasm n.狂热,热心 _____________ adj.热心的,热情的
1 【练习】根据句子结构,用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) The _________ took a very ________ approach to _________.(science)
2) The ______ make a(n) ________ that all the details should _______ through the broadcast.(announce)
3) It is ______ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _______ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)
4) \"You don\'t seem very ______ about the idea.\" \"I don\'t mind,\" she said, without much ______.(enthusiasm)
Ⅲ.重点词汇 重点词汇
1.conclude vi.&vt.终结; 结束; 推断; 决定
[典例] 1)The meeting concluded at ten o\'clock.会议于十点钟结束.
2)It is hard to conclude.这很难断定. [重点用法] conclusion n.结束,结论
make/draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 下结论,得出结论; bring sth.to a conclusion 使…结束; in conclusion 作为结论,最后; [练习] 汉译英 (宾从) 1.我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地.
2.我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情,也就是他在撒谎.
2.attend v.1)注意;留意;处理(与 to 连用)=do with 2) 出席;到场: 3)照看;照料:=take care; look after [典例] 1)We\'ll attend to the problem later.稍后我们将关注那个问题.
2)Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?
[重点用法] attendance n.出席,出席的人数,伺候,照料 attend school 上学 attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼\'/参加典礼
[练习] 汉译英
他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座.
3.expose vt.1)使暴露, 显露 2)曝光 3)揭露
[重点用法] be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于…
[典例] 1)A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music 称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐
2)This film has been exposed.这片子已经感光.
3)He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划.
4)As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.
[练习]用 expose 的恰当形式填空.
1) The soil was washed away by the flood, _____________ bare rock. 2) The baby was left ____________the wind and rain.
4.absorb 1) 吸收 2)使(精神)贯注 3)占用(时间) [重点用法] be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于; absorb one\'s attention 吸引某人注意力
2 [典例] 1)He is absorbed in study.他专心读书.
2)This job absorbs all of my time.这件工作占用了我的全部时间. [练习] 汉译英
1) 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力.
2) 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用.
5.blame vt.责备;谴责;归咎于; n.责怪;(过失,过错等)责任
[典例] 1)The carele driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责.
2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?
3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure.学生因失败而怪老师. [重点用法] blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人
blame sth.on sb.因某事而指责某人
sb.be to blame for(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责; 注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式).
[练习] 汉译英
1)看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.
2)这件事谁也不能怨.
6.instruct vt 教导; 指示
[典例] 1)Mi Liu instructed a cla in math last year.刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2)The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans in English 这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.
3) He was instructed when to start through the email.他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知
4) He was instructed to sail for New York.他奉命前往纽约. [重点用法] instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,传授技能 instruct sb.to do命令, 指示, instruct that-clause 通知
[练习] 汉译英
1同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里.
7.contribute vi.&vt.捐助,捐献,贡献;投稿
[典例] 1)He contributed to the church.他向教会捐款.
2)He often contributes to this newspaper.他经常向这家报社投稿.
3)Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer.吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素. [重点用法] contribution.n.捐献,贡献;投稿 contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿) contribute to…促成,起作用,有助于 make a contribution to/towards 向……捐赠;对…作出贡献 注意: 以上短语中 to 为介词;
[练习]用 contribute 的恰当形式或短语填空.
1) Everyone is encouraged to ___________ the discuion.
2) Her work has ___________ our understanding of this difficult subject.
Ⅳ重点词组 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
1.put forward 提出(建议等);推荐某人或自己任职位;提名
[典例] 1)He put forward a new plan yesterday.他昨天提出一个新计划.
3 2)May I put your name forward as a poible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员 会主席?
[短语归纳] put on 穿上;增加 put on performances 演出 put an end to 结束;终止 put off 推迟;延期; put one\'s heart into 全神贯注于 put down 写下 put out 生产;扑灭 put back 放回;送回 put up 举起;张贴
[练习]用 put 构成的短语填空:
1) You can take anything from the shelf, but please __________ the books when you\'ve finished with them.
2) He often ____________ some useful advice.
2.apart from 除……之外;另外
[典例] 1)Apart from a few faults, he is a perfect teacher.除了几个缺点之外,他是一个很好的老师.
2)Apart from the cost, the dre doesn\'t suit me.姑且不论价格,这件礼服也不适合我穿. [短语归纳] in addition to 除……之外(还有,包括在内) besides 除……之外(还有,包括在内) except (for)除……之外除……之外(还有,不包括在内) except that 除了…除……之外(还有,不包括在内)
[练习]选择以上短语填空.
1) As a senior student, we study other subjects __________ English. 2) Your article is well written __________ some spelling mistakes.
3.make sense 讲得通;有意义
[典例]1.What he says makes sense.他说的有道理.
2.Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?
3.What you say is true in a sense.你所说的在某种意义上是真实的.[短语归纳] make no sense 讲不通;无意义 make sense of 了解,明白 in a sense 就某种意义而言;在某种意义上
[练习] 汉译英
1) 他试了许多次,但这个长句依然讲不通.
2) 从某种意义上说,这部影片富含意义.
Period 2 Reading Step 1.New words review expert
attend
physician
expose
cure
challenge
cholera
victim
absorb
suspect
enquiry
severe pump
foresee
blame
pollute
handle
link announce
instruct Step2.Fast reading
Read the text quickly and try to answer the questions 1.What happened in 1854? 2.How many people died in 10 days? 3.Why is there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
4 Step3. Group work:
Think about what you have read and discu these questions in pairs.P3
1、2 Step 4 .Retell the paage
Provide with a summary with some blanks.Let them retell the paage as well as pay attention to some important words.
Read the paage again and fill in the blanks: John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century.He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it.In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information.He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found.Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
Step 5.Important sentences 1.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.2.The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in 10 days.3.John Snow had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.4.It seemed that the water was to blame.5.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.6.With this extra evidence, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.单元重点句子讲解
1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发,数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去. [解释] every time 可作连词使用,引导时间状语从句,意为\"每次,每当\"immediately,the moment,directly,instantly 等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句,意为\"一……就……\"
[典例] 1)Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情.
2)Immediately he saw the meage, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条,他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友. [练习] 汉译英
1)每次我去找他,他都在专心看书.
2)我一见到她就把这本书给了她.
3)我一见到他就把这封信给他.
4)我一接到你的信就来了.
2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有 当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚. [解释]Only 引导的状语放在句首,句子需用半倒装. [练习]汉译英
5 1) 只有用这种方法,你才能轻松地解决这个问题.
2) 就在你失去它的时候,你才会懂得时间的宝贵.
3.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转.
[解释]with + 宾语+ v.–ing / v.–ed / to do / adj./ adv./ prep.phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通 常作为状语,表示背景情况,为方式,原因或条件等.[典例] 1)With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在老者的带路下,我们向森 林进发.
2)She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑,汗珠顺着脸颊流下来.
[练习] 汉译英
1) 老师微笑地走进教室,身后还跟着一群小朋友.
2) 随着考试的结束,我们的假期开始了.
Keys Keys: 1) character 2) character 3) characteristics 4) character Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checks Keys: 1) treated; cured Keys: 1) blame 2) scolded Keys: 1) rejected 2) refuses keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive; instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time.
2) We concluded that he didn\'t tell us the truth.That is, he was lying.
Keys: He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening. Keys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children\'s attention easily.2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy. Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame.
2) Nobody is to blame for it.
Keys: The children were also instructed not to leave the claroom after cla.Keys: 1) contribute to 2) contributed to Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward
Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from
2) except for
Keys: 1) He tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.
2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.
Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading.
2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her.
3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.4) I came directly I got the letter..
福建省高中英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists精品学案新人教版必修5（材料）
